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Chaudhary SK, Keithellakpam OS, Lalvenhimi S, Chanda J, Bhowmick S, Kar A, Nameirakpam B, Bhardwaj PK, Sharma N, Rajashekar Y, Devi SI, Mukherjee PK. Chemo diversity of ginger-a potent crop in Manipur and its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Smyrska-Wieleba N, Mroczek T. Natural Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: Chemistry, Structure-Activity and Methods of Their Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032722. [PMID: 36769043 PMCID: PMC9916849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an updated description and comparison of the data currently available in the literature (from the last 15 years) on the studied natural inhibitors of cholinesterases (IChEs), namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). These data also apply to the likely impact of the structures of the compounds on the therapeutic effects of available and potential cholinesterase inhibitors. IChEs are hitherto known compounds with various structures, activities and origins. Additionally, multiple different methods of analysis are used to determine the cholinesterase inhibitor potency. This summary indicates that natural sources are still suitable for the discovery of new compounds with prominent pharmacological activity. It also emphasizes that further studies are needed regarding the mechanisms of action or the structure-activity correlation to discuss the issue of cholinesterase inhibitors and their medical application.
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RAUTELA RUPALI, KATIYAR RAHUL. Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii: The wonder plants against bovine infertility. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v93i1.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii are the plants with impending medicinal properties. Both the plants contain various phyto-constituents that could be utilized for the treatment of various ailments in human and animal species. The A. marmelos and M. koenigii are easy to procure and their use is cost-effective which makes them important particularly in livestock health management. The plants are rich in trace minerals and antioxidants which augment nutraceutical values. In addition, recognized antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential emphasizes A. marmelos and M. koenigii to be used against bovine infertility. The review comprises of use of Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii in the treatment against reproductive disorders in bovine.
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Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030493. [PMID: 35326143 PMCID: PMC8944741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.
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Tan MA, Sharma N, An SSA. Multi-Target Approach of Murraya koenigii Leaves in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:188. [PMID: 35215300 PMCID: PMC8880493 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) mainly affect neurons and gradually lead to a loss of normal motor and cognitive functions. Atypical protein homeostasis-misfolding, aggregations and accumulations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-are common features in most NDs. To date, due to the complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, no defined treatment is available. There has been increasing interest in plant extracts as potential alternative medicines as the presence of various active components may exert synergistic and multi-pharmacological effects. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. Pharmacological studies evidenced its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, among others. In line with our interest in exploring natural agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review presents an overview of literature concerning the mechanisms of action and the safety profile of significant bioactive components present in M. koenigii leaves to support further investigations into their neuroprotective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Tan
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Mani V, Mohd Azahan NS, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Abdul Majeed AB. Mahanimbine Improved Aging-Related Memory Deficits in Mice through Enhanced Cholinergic Transmission and Suppressed Oxidative Stress, Amyloid Levels, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35053756 PMCID: PMC8773876 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Murraya koenigii leaves contain mahanimbine, a carbazole alkaloid, reported with improving cholinergic neuronal transmission and reducing neuroinflammation in the CNS. The current research investigated the effects of mahanimbine on age-related memory deficits, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid formation, and neuroinflammation in aged mice (16 months old). Mahanimbine was administered (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.) daily to groups of aged mice for 30 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) task was performed to study spatial learning (escape latency (EL) and swimming distance (SD)) and memory (probe test). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), β-amyloid (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42), β-secretase (BACE-1), as well as neuroinflammation markers (total cyclooxygenase (COX) and COX-2 expression), were measured from the isolated brain. Mahanimbine reduced the EL time and SD in the MWM test. From the probe trial, the mahanimbine-treated group spent more time in the targeted quadrant related to the age-matched control, which indicated the enhancement of memory retention. From the biochemical tests, the treatment decreased MDA, AChE, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42, BACE-1, total COX activity, and COX-2 expression. It also raised the brain GSH and ACh levels in aged mice compared to age-matched control. These results have supported the reversal of memory dysfunctions by mahanimbine in aged mice and hypothesized that it could be a potential target to treat age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Syamimi Mohd Azahan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
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Mallick T, Karmakar A, Mukhuty A, Fouzder C, Mandal J, Mondal S, Pramanik A, Kundu R, Begum NA. Exploring the Propensities of Fluorescent Carbazole Analogs toward the Inhibition of Amyloid Aggregation in Type 2 Diabetes: An Experimental and Theoretical Endeavor. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10481-10493. [PMID: 34498871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is a pathological trait observed in many incurable and fatal neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases associated with misfolding and self-assembly of various proteins. Noncovalent interactions between these structural motifs and small molecules can, however, prevent this aggregation. Herein, five structurally different synthetic (Cz1-Cz4) and naturally occurring (Cz5, mahanimbine) fluorescent carbazole analogs are explored for their comparative amyloid aggregation inhibitory activities. Cz3 inhibited the amyloid deposition on the pancreatic β-cells of diabetic mice. Moreover, Cz3 and Cz5 also showed efficacy as the fluorescent cell (MIN6) imaging agents. Further structural modifications of these carbazoles may lead to development of low-cost and non-toxic therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes and other amyloidosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Abhijit Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Alpana Mukhuty
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Chandrani Fouzder
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Jishu Mandal
- Biophysical Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Rammohan College, Kolkata, WB 700009, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, WB 723104, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Naznin Ara Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
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Isolongifolene mitigates rotenone-induced dopamine depletion and motor deficits through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 112:101890. [PMID: 33220427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isolongifolene (ILF), a novel tricyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the Indian herb Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii), has been previously demonstrated to have a neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in in vitro model. However, these neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of ILF are not well understood and must be further investigated to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of ILF in animal experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ILF on motor impediments, neurochemical variables, anti-oxidative indices, and apoptotic protein expression in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD was induced in male albino Wistar rats via injection of 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 4 weeks. Rotenone produces PD-like effects by promoting mitochondrial complex I inhibition and microglial activation properties. The protective effect of three different doses of ILF 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg were evaluated for spontaneous locomotion, rotarod performance, and striatal dopamine (DA) content. The results showed that ILF dose-dependently ameliorated the rotenone-induced striatal DA loss and motor impairment from 10 mg/kg. Therefore, we selected 10 mg/kg as the ILF dose for further investigation. Chronic administration of rotenone caused PD-related pathological processes like oxidative stress, and produced a significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA transporter (DAT), Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and a significant upregulated in α-synuclein and apoptotic protein expression of Bax, Cyt-C and caspases -3, -8 and -9 as well as by decreasing Bcl2 expression. Treatment with ILF 10 mg/kg mitigated oxidative stress in rotenone-treated rats. Furthermore, ILF dramatically alleviated rotenone-induced toxicity and cell death by increasing TH, DAT and VMAT2 expression and reducing the upregulation of α-synuclein, Bax, Cyt-C, caspases -3, -8 and -9. Together, our results confirm that ILF's protective effect against rotenone-induced PD is mediated through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, further in-depth investigations on ILF's anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective abilities are needed to establish ILF as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Balakrishnan R, Vijayraja D, Jo SH, Ganesan P, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Medicinal Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Murraya koenigii and its Primary Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E101. [PMID: 31991665 PMCID: PMC7070712 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of several revitalizing molecules that can stop or reduce the pathology of a wide range of diseases will be considered a major breakthrough of the present time. Available synthetic compounds may provoke side effects and health issues, which heightens the need for molecules from plants and other natural resources under discovery as potential methods of replacing synthetic compounds. In traditional medicinal therapies, several plant extracts and phytochemicals have been reported to impart remedial effects as better alternatives. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) belongs to the Rutaceae family, which is commonly used as a medicinally important herb of Indian origin in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Previous reports have demonstrated that the leaves, roots, and bark of this plant are rich sources of carbazole alkaloids, which produce potent biological activities and pharmacological effects. These include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. The present review provides insight into the major components of M. koenigii and their pharmacological activities against different pathological conditions. The review also emphasizes the need for more research on the molecular basis of such activity in various cellular and animal models to validate the efficacy of M. koenigii and its derivatives as potent therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Dhanraj Vijayraja
- Department of Biochemistry, Rev. Jacob Memorial Christian College, Ambilikkai 624612, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Song-Hee Jo
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Integrated Bio Science and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
- Department of Integrated Bio Science and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
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Mani V, Mohd Azahan N, Ramasamy K, Lim S, Johari James R, Alsharidah M, Alhowail A, Abdul Majeed A. Mahanimbine-induced neuroprotection via cholinergic system and attenuated amyloidogenesis as well as neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharides-induced mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_202_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gupta S, Khajuria V, Wani A, Nalli Y, Bhagat A, Ali A, Ahmed Z. Murrayanine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Protects Mice from Sepsis-associated Organ Failure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:351-359. [PMID: 29719125 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Murrayanine (MK) is the main compound isolated from Murraya koenigii, an aromatic plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, also known as curry leaf tree. Murrayanine was reported to possess potential antioxidant, antimycobacterial and antifungal effects. However, its effect in sepsis remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of MK using both in vitro and in vivo assay. Results of this study indicated that MK decreased NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression as well as their downstream product, PGE2, was also decreased effectively in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, MK decreased the phosphorylation of IKB and repressed NF-kB activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, we evaluated MK efficacy in vivo using LPS-induced sepsis, a systemic inflammation model in mice. Administration of MK inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) secretion; decreases AST, ALT, BUN and CRE level in mouse sera; mitigates lung, liver and kidney injuries; and also increases LPS-challenged mice survival rate. Collectively, our results suggest that MK exerts potential as a new anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug in sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vidushi Khajuria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asha Bhagat
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Abstract
India has traditionally been known to all over the world for spices and medicinal plants. Spices exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In contemporary, Indian spices are used to rustle up delicious delicacies. However, the Indian spices are more than just adjuvant which adds aroma and fragrance to foods. A few spices are very widely used and grown commercially in many countries, contain many important chemical constituents in the form of essential oil, oleoresin, oleogum, and resins, which impart flavor, pungency, and color to the prepared dishes, simultaneously exerts diverse therapeutic benefits. Ayurveda, the traditional systems of medicine in India has many evidences for the utilization of spices to cure various diseases. Some of the activities have been scientifically proven. Among various indications central nervous system disorders are of prime importance and it has been evident in traditional books and published reports that spices in fact protect and cure neuronal ailments. Likewise there are many spices found in India used for culinary purpose and have been found to have reported specific activities against brain disorders. About 400 B.C., Hippocrates rightly said "Let food be thy medicine and medicine thy food." This review focuses on the importance of spices in therapeutics and the till date scientific findings of Indian spices in CNS pharmacology and explores the potential of Indian spices to cure CNS disorders.
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Design, synthesis, docking study, α-glucosidase inhibition, and cytotoxic activities of acridine linked to thioacetamides as novel agents in treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:288-295. [PMID: 29980114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of acridine linked to thioacetamides 9a-o were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. All the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 = 80.0 ± 2.0-383.1 ± 2.0 µM against yeast α-glucosidase, when compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 1.5 µM). Among the synthesized compounds, 2-((6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)thio)-N-(p-tolyl) acetamide 9b displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 80.0 ± 2.0 μM). The in vitro cytotoxic assay of compounds 9a-o against MCF-7 cell line revealed that only the compounds 9d, 9c, and 9n exhibited cytotoxic activity. Cytotoxic compounds 9d, 9c, and 9n did not show cytotoxic activity against the normal human cell lines HDF. Kinetic study revealed that the most potent compound 9b is a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 85 μM. Furthermore, the interaction modes of the most potent compounds 9b and 9f with α-glucosidase were evaluated through the molecular docking studies.
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Nalli Y, Khajuria V, Gupta S, Arora P, Riyaz-Ul-Hassan S, Ahmed Z, Ali A. Four new carbazole alkaloids fromMurraya koenigiithat display anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3322-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new and 18 known carbazole alkaloids were isolated from CHCl3 : MeOH crude extracts of the stem and leaves ofMurraya koenigii(Linn.) Spreng, and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedukondalu Nalli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
| | - Vidushi Khajuria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division
| | - Palak Arora
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Microbial Biotechnology Division
| | - Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Microbial Biotechnology Division
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
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Joshi T, Mahar R, Singh SK, Srivastava P, Shukla SK, Mishra DK, Bhatta R, Kanojiya S. Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Carbazole Alkaloids in Murraya koenigii. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbazole alkaloids induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway and they are targeted as potential anticancer agents. Thus, the naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids become important as precursors for lead optimization in drug development. A method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection was developed using reverse phase isocratic elution with 85:15 acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (5 mM). Seven samples of Murrya koenigii (L.) Spreng. from north-central India ( Uttar Pradesh) were analyzed. All three targeted analytes, koenimbidine (mk1), koenimbine (mk2) and mahanimbine (mk3), were well separated within 4.0 min with linearity of the calibration curves (r2 > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantification of mk1, mk2 and mk3 were 0.7, 0.4, 0.04 μg/mL and 2.14, 1.21, 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. The natural abundance of mk1, mk2 and mk3 was 0.06 - 0.20, 0.04 - 0.69 and 0.13 - 0.42%, w/w, respectively, in the dried powdered leaves, whereas, the tissue specific distribution of carbazole alkaloids was observed in the order of predominance, mk1 leaf>root>fruit>stem, mk2 fruit>leaf >stem>root, and mk3 fruit>leaf>root>stem. The developed method was validated for limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, accuracy, precision and stability. This is the first report on the natural abundance of the major carbazole alkaloids in M. koenigii and the method developed can be used in HPLC/UPLC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trapti Joshi
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Piush Srivastava
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K. Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Dipak K. Mishra
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - R.S. Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
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Kaur I, Bhatia S, Bhati Y, Sharma V, Mediratta PK, Bhattacharya SK. Augmented primary humoral immune response and decreased cell-mediated immunity by Murraya koenigii in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 25:211-215. [PMID: 24129104 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) (curry patta: Hindi) of the family Rutaceae is used in the traditional Indian system of medicine for its immunomodulatory properties. The essential oil of the leaves of M. koenigii possesses antimicrobial, antifungal, and pesticidal activities and is used for the treatment of amebiasis, diabetes, and hepatitis. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of M. koenigii on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in rats. METHODS Aqueous extract of M. koenigii leaves was administered orally in a dose of 350 mg/kg. Cell-mediated immunity was assessed by measuring foot pad thickness following sensitization by injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin and subsequent challenge by the same. Humoral immunity was assessed by measurement of hemagglutination titer to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). RESULTS In the humoral immune response, the administration of M. koenigii [350 mg/kg per os (p.o.)] from day 1 to day 7 after sensitization with SRBC on day 0 caused a significant increase in the primary anti-SRBC titer. However, the secondary immune response was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as shown by a decrease in secondary anti-SRBC titer measured on day 11 following a booster dose of antigen on day 8. In the delayed-type hypersensitivity test, M. koenigii (350 mg/kg, p.o.), when administered for 14 days, produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in foot pad thickness when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these results suggest that oral administration of M. koenigii augments primary humoral immune response and decreases cell-mediated immunity.
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer therapy: From nerve toxins to neuroprotection. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:165-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dalai MK, Bhadra S, Bandyopadhyay A, Mukherjee PK. Evaluation of anti-cholinesterase activity of the standardized extract of Piper betel L. leaf. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-013-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schmidt AW, Reddy KR, Knölker HJ. Occurrence, Biogenesis, and Synthesis of Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3193-328. [PMID: 22480243 DOI: 10.1021/cr200447s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt W. Schmidt
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kethiri R. Reddy
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Mani V, Ramasamy K, Ahmad A, Wahab SN, Jaafar SM, Kek TL, Salleh MZ, Majeed ABA. Effects of the Total Alkaloidal Extract of Murraya koenigii
Leaf on Oxidative Stress and Cholinergic Transmission in Aged Mice. Phytother Res 2012; 27:46-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Aliya Ahmad
- Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Norshazwani Wahab
- Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Murnirah Jaafar
- Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Teh Lay Kek
- Pharmacogenomics Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Pharmacogenomics Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Malaysia
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Pandit S, Mukherjee PK, Mukherjee K, Gajbhiye R, Venkatesh M, Ponnusankar S, Bhadra S. Cytochrome P450 inhibitory potential of selected Indian spices — possible food drug interaction. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mukherjee PK, Ponnusankar S, Venkatesh P, Gantait A, Pal BC. Marker Profiling: An Approach for Quality Evaluation of Indian Medicinal Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/009286151104500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mani V, Ramasamy K, Ahmad A, Parle M, Shah SAA, Majeed ABA. Protective effects of total alkaloidal extract from Murraya koenigii leaves on experimentally induced dementia. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:1036-44. [PMID: 22142688 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome of gradual onset and continuous decline of higher cognitive functioning. It is a common disorder in older persons and has become more prevalent today. The fresh leaves of Murraya koenigii are often added to various dishes in Asian countries due to the delicious taste and flavor that they impart. These leaves have also been proven to have health benefits. In the present study, the effect of total alkaloidal extract from M. koenigii leaves (MKA) on cognitive functions and brain cholinesterase activity in mice were determined. In vitro β-secretase 1 (BACE1) inhibitory activity was also evaluated. The total alkaloidal extract was administered orally in three doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) for 15 days to different groups of young and aged mice. Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. Diazepam-, scopolamine-, and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models. MKA (20 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant improvement in memory scores of young and aged mice. Furthermore, the same doses of MKA reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Interestingly, the brain cholinesterase activity was also reduced significantly by total alkaloidal extract of M. koenigii leaves. The IC50 value of MKA against BACE1 was 1.7 μg/mL. In conclusion, this study indicates MKA to be a useful remedy in the management of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pandit S, Kumar M, Ponnusankar S, Pal BC, Mukherjee PK. RP-HPLC-DAD for simultaneous estimation of mahanine and mahanimbine in Murraya koenigii. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:959-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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