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Xiang Y, Zhao Y, Cheng T, Sun S, Wang J, Pei R. Implantable Neural Microelectrodes: How to Reduce Immune Response. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2762-2783. [PMID: 38591141 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural microelectrodes exhibit the great ability to accurately capture the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons with exceptional submillisecond precision, holding tremendous potential for advancing brain science research, as well as offering promising avenues for neurological disease therapy. Although significant advancements have been made in the channel and density of implantable neural microelectrodes, challenges persist in extending the stable recording duration of these microelectrodes. The enduring stability of implanted electrode signals is primarily influenced by the chronic immune response triggered by the slight movement of the electrode within the neural tissue. The intensity of this immune response increases with a higher bending stiffness of the electrode. This Review thoroughly analyzes the sequential reactions evoked by implanted electrodes in the brain and highlights strategies aimed at mitigating chronic immune responses. Minimizing immune response mainly includes designing the microelectrode structure, selecting flexible materials, surface modification, and controlling drug release. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable references and ideas for reducing the immune response of implantable neural microelectrodes and stimulate their further exploration in the field of brain science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengkai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Zhao Q, Gribkova E, Shen Y, Cui J, Naughton N, Liu L, Seo J, Tong B, Gazzola M, Gillette R, Zhao H. Highly stretchable and customizable microneedle electrode arrays for intramuscular electromyography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7202. [PMID: 38691612 PMCID: PMC11062587 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable three-dimensional (3D) penetrating microelectrode arrays have potential utility in various fields, including neuroscience, tissue engineering, and wearable bioelectronics. These 3D microelectrode arrays can penetrate and conform to dynamically deforming tissues, thereby facilitating targeted sensing and stimulation of interior regions in a minimally invasive manner. However, fabricating custom stretchable 3D microelectrode arrays presents material integration and patterning challenges. In this study, we present the design, fabrication, and applications of stretchable microneedle electrode arrays (SMNEAs) for sensing local intramuscular electromyography signals ex vivo. We use a unique hybrid fabrication scheme based on laser micromachining, microfabrication, and transfer printing to enable scalable fabrication of individually addressable SMNEA with high device stretchability (60 to 90%). The electrode geometries and recording regions, impedance, array layout, and length distribution are highly customizable. We demonstrate the use of SMNEAs as bioelectronic interfaces in recording intramuscular electromyography from various muscle groups in the buccal mass of Aplysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinai Zhao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Gribkova
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yiyang Shen
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jilai Cui
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Noel Naughton
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Liangshu Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaemin Seo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baixin Tong
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rhanor Gillette
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Micera S, Menciassi A, Cianferotti L, Gruppioni E, Lionetti V. Organ Neuroprosthetics: Connecting Transplanted and Artificial Organs with the Nervous System. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302896. [PMID: 38656615 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural interfaces with the central and peripheral nervous systems are currently used to restore sensory, motor, and cognitive functions in disabled people with very promising results. They have also been used to modulate autonomic activities to treat diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. Here, this study proposes to extend the use of these technologies to (re-)establish the connection between new (transplanted or artificial) organs and the nervous system in order to increase the long-term efficacy and the effective biointegration of these solutions. In this perspective paper, some clinically relevant applications of this approach are briefly described. Then, the choices that neural engineers must implement about the type, implantation location, and closed-loop control algorithms to successfully realize this approach are highlighted. It is believed that these new "organ neuroprostheses" are going to become more and more valuable and very effective solutions in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center Health Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center Health Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, 50121, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Interdisciplinary Research Center Health Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, 56127, Italy
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Liu X, Gong Y, Jiang Z, Stevens T, Li W. Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays for closed-loop brain-machine interfaces: a review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1348434. [PMID: 38686330 PMCID: PMC11057246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEAs) are emerging as a key component in closed-loop brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), providing high-resolution functionality for recording, stimulation, or both. The flexibility of these arrays provides advantages over rigid ones, such as reduced mismatch between interface and tissue, resilience to micromotion, and sustained long-term performance. This review summarizes the recent developments and applications of flexible HDMEAs in closed-loop BMI systems. It delves into the various challenges encountered in the development of ideal flexible HDMEAs for closed-loop BMI systems and highlights the latest methodologies and breakthroughs to address these challenges. These insights could be instrumental in guiding the creation of future generations of flexible HDMEAs, specifically tailored for use in closed-loop BMIs. The review thoroughly explores both the current state and prospects of these advanced arrays, emphasizing their potential in enhancing BMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zebin Jiang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Trevor Stevens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wen Li
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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5
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Rodilla BL, Arché-Núñez A, Ruiz-Gómez S, Domínguez-Bajo A, Fernández-González C, Guillén-Colomer C, González-Mayorga A, Rodríguez-Díez N, Camarero J, Miranda R, López-Dolado E, Ocón P, Serrano MC, Pérez L, González MT. Flexible metallic core-shell nanostructured electrodes for neural interfacing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3729. [PMID: 38355737 PMCID: PMC10866994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrodes with nanostructured surface have emerged as promising low-impedance neural interfaces that can avoid the charge-injection restrictions typically associated to microelectrodes. In this work, we propose a novel approximation, based on a two-step template assisted electrodeposition technique, to obtain flexible nanostructured electrodes coated with core-shell Ni-Au vertical nanowires. These nanowires benefit from biocompatibility of the Au shell exposed to the environment and the mechanical properties of Ni that allow for nanowires longer and more homogeneous in length than their only-Au counterparts. The nanostructured electrodes show impedance values, measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), at least 9 times lower than those of flat reference electrodes. This ratio is in good accordance with the increased effective surface area determined both from SEM images and cyclic voltammetry measurements, evidencing that only Au is exposed to the medium. The observed EIS profile evolution of Ni-Au electrodes over 7 days were very close to those of Au electrodes and differently from Ni ones. Finally, the morphology, viability and neuronal differentiation of rat embryonic cortical cells cultured on Ni-Au NW electrodes were found to be similar to those on control (glass) substrates and Au NW electrodes, accompanied by a lower glial cell differentiation. This positive in-vitro neural cell behavior encourages further investigation to explore the tissue responses that the implantation of these nanostructured electrodes might elicit in healthy (damaged) neural tissues in vivo, with special emphasis on eventual tissue encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz L Rodilla
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arché-Núñez
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Domínguez-Bajo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group (AMCB), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 5, 1348 , Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Julio Camarero
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Física de la Materia Condensada and Instituto "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Física de la Materia Condensada and Instituto "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa López-Dolado
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca la Peraleda S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Design and development of Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration, HNP-SESCAM, Associated Unit With CSIC Through ICMM, Finca La Peraleda S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar Ocón
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Pérez
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Wang L, Liu S, Zhao W, Li J, Zeng H, Kang S, Sheng X, Wang L, Fan Y, Yin L. Recent Advances in Implantable Neural Interfaces for Multimodal Electrical Neuromodulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303316. [PMID: 38323711 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Electrical neuromodulation plays a pivotal role in enhancing patient outcomes among individuals suffering from neurological disorders. Implantable neural interfaces are vital components of the electrical neuromodulation system to ensure desirable performance; However, conventional devices are limited to a single function and are constructed with bulky and rigid materials, which often leads to mechanical incompatibility with soft tissue and an inability to adapt to the dynamic and complex 3D structures of biological systems. In addition, current implantable neural interfaces utilized in clinical settings primarily rely on wire-based techniques, which are associated with complications such as increased risk of infection, limited positioning options, and movement restrictions. Here, the state-of-art applications of electrical neuromodulation are presented. Material schemes and device structures that can be employed to develop robust and multifunctional neural interfaces, including flexibility, stretchability, biodegradability, self-healing, self-rolling, or morphing are discussed. Furthermore, multimodal wireless neuromodulation techniques, including optoelectronics, mechano-electrics, magnetoelectrics, inductive coupling, and electrochemically based self-powered devices are reviewed. In the end, future perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wentai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haoxuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Tian Y, Vaskov AK, Adidharma W, Cederna PS, Kemp SW. Merging Humans and Neuroprosthetics through Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces. Semin Plast Surg 2024; 38:10-18. [PMID: 38495064 PMCID: PMC10942838 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Limb amputations can be devastating and significantly affect an individual's independence, leading to functional and psychosocial challenges in nearly 2 million people in the United States alone. Over the past decade, robotic devices driven by neural signals such as neuroprostheses have shown great potential to restore the lost function of limbs, allowing amputees to regain movement and sensation. However, current neuroprosthetic interfaces have challenges in both signal quality and long-term stability. To overcome these limitations and work toward creating bionic limbs, the Neuromuscular Laboratory at University of Michigan Plastic Surgery has developed the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI). This surgical construct embeds a transected peripheral nerve into a free muscle graft, effectively amplifying small peripheral nerve signals to provide enhanced control signals for a neuroprosthetic limb. Furthermore, the RPNI has the potential to provide sensory feedback to the user and facilitate neuroprosthesis embodiment. This review focuses on the animal studies and clinical trials of the RPNI to recapitulate the promising trajectory toward neurobionics where the boundary between an artificial device and the human body becomes indistinct. This paper also sheds light on the prospects of the improvement and dissemination of the RPNI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex K. Vaskov
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Widya Adidharma
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S. Cederna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen W.P. Kemp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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8
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Toita R, Kitamura M, Tsuchiya A, Kang JH, Kasahara S. Releasable, Immune-Instructive, Bioinspired Multilayer Coating Resists Implant-Induced Fibrosis while Accelerating Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302611. [PMID: 38095751 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Implantable biomaterials trigger foreign body reactions (FBRs), which reduces the functional life of medical devices and prevents effective tissue regeneration. Although existing therapeutic approaches can circumvent collagen-rich fibrotic encapsulation secondary to FBRs, they disrupt native tissue repair. Herein, a new surface engineering strategy in which an apoptotic-mimetic, immunomodulatory, phosphatidylserine liposome (PSL) is released from an implant coating to induce the formation of a macrophage phenotype that mitigates FBRs and improves tissue healing is described. PSL-multilayers constructed on implant surfaces via the layer-by-layer method release PSLs over a 1-month period. In rat muscles, poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), a nondegradable polymer implant model, induces FBRs with dense fibrotic scarring under an aberrant cellular profile that recruits high levels of inflammatory infiltrates, foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), scar-forming myofibroblasts, and inflammatory M1-like macrophages but negligible amounts of anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. However, the PSL-multilayer coating markedly diminishes these detrimental signatures by shifting the macrophage phenotype. Unlike other therapeutics, PSL-multilayered coatings also stimulate muscle regeneration. This study demonstrates that PSL-multilayered coatings are effective in eliminating FBRs and promoting regeneration, hence offering potent and broad applications for implantable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Niterra Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki, Aichi, 485-8510, Japan
- NGK Spark Plug-AIST Healthcare Materials Cooperative Research Laboratory, 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 463-8560, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
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Lim J, Zoss PA, Powley TL, Lee H, Ward MP. A flexible, thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:16. [PMID: 38264708 PMCID: PMC10803373 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The vagus nerve (VN) plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system (ENS). However, the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the VN. To better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology, it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication technologies. Among several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes, microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel structures. Previous microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200 µm. The thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures, including the nerve itself. In this paper, we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device (thickness: 11.5 µm) that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a rat. We demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials (ECAP) from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve fibers. Moreover, our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Peter A. Zoss
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Terry L. Powley
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Matthew P. Ward
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Xu M, Zhao Y, Xu G, Zhang Y, Sun S, Sun Y, Wang J, Pei R. Recent Development of Neural Microelectrodes with Dual-Mode Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 36671894 PMCID: PMC9856135 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurons communicate through complex chemical and electrophysiological signal patterns to develop a tight information network. A physiological or pathological event cannot be explained by signal communication mode. Therefore, dual-mode electrodes can simultaneously monitor the chemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain. They have been invented as an essential tool for brain science research and brain-computer interface (BCI) to obtain more important information and capture the characteristics of the neural network. Electrochemical sensors are the most popular methods for monitoring neurochemical levels in vivo. They are combined with neural microelectrodes to record neural electrical activity. They simultaneously detect the neurochemical and electrical activity of neurons in vivo using high spatial and temporal resolutions. This paper systematically reviews the latest development of neural microelectrodes depending on electrode materials for simultaneous in vivo electrochemical sensing and electrophysiological signal recording. This includes carbon-based microelectrodes, silicon-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs), and ceramic-based MEAs, focusing on the latest progress since 2018. In addition, the structure and interface design of various types of neural microelectrodes have been comprehensively described and compared. This could be the key to simultaneously detecting electrochemical and electrophysiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuehu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shengkai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nano-biomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Steins H, Mierzejewski M, Brauns L, Stumpf A, Kohler A, Heusel G, Corna A, Herrmann T, Jones PD, Zeck G, von Metzen R, Stieglitz T. A flexible protruding microelectrode array for neural interfacing in bioelectronic medicine. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:131. [PMID: 36568135 PMCID: PMC9772315 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recording neural signals from delicate autonomic nerves is a challenging task that requires the development of a low-invasive neural interface with highly selective, micrometer-sized electrodes. This paper reports on the development of a three-dimensional (3D) protruding thin-film microelectrode array (MEA), which is intended to be used for recording low-amplitude neural signals from pelvic nervous structures by penetrating the nerves transversely to reduce the distance to the axons. Cylindrical gold pillars (Ø 20 or 50 µm, ~60 µm height) were fabricated on a micromachined polyimide substrate in an electroplating process. Their sidewalls were insulated with parylene C, and their tips were optionally modified by wet etching and/or the application of a titanium nitride (TiN) coating. The microelectrodes modified by these combined techniques exhibited low impedances (~7 kΩ at 1 kHz for Ø 50 µm microelectrode with the exposed surface area of ~5000 µm²) and low intrinsic noise levels. Their functionalities were evaluated in an ex vivo pilot study with mouse retinae, in which spontaneous neuronal spikes were recorded with amplitudes of up to 66 µV. This novel process strategy for fabricating flexible, 3D neural interfaces with low-impedance microelectrodes has the potential to selectively record neural signals from not only delicate structures such as retinal cells but also autonomic nerves with improved signal quality to study neural circuits and develop stimulation strategies in bioelectronic medicine, e.g., for the control of vital digestive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Steins
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Mierzejewski
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Brauns
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Stumpf
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alina Kohler
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Heusel
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Corna
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thoralf Herrmann
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Peter D. Jones
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Günther Zeck
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene von Metzen
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Tavafoghi M, Nasrollahi F, Karamikamkar S, Mahmoodi M, Nadine S, Mano JF, Darabi MA, Jahangiry J, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Advances and challenges in developing smart, multi-functional microneedles for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2715-2730. [PMID: 35854645 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been developed as minimally invasive tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in developing smart multi-functional MN devices to provide automated and closed-loop systems for body fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery in a stimuli-responsive manner. Although this technology is still in its infancy and far from being translated into the clinic, preclinical trials have shown some promise for the broad applications of multi-functional MN devices. The main challenge facing the fabrication of smart MN patches is the integration of multiple modules, such as drug carriers, highly sensitive biosensors, and data analyzers in one miniaturized MN device. Researchers have shown the feasibility of creating smart MNs by integrating stimuli-responsive biomaterials and advanced microscale technologies, such as microsensors and microfluidic systems, to precisely control the transportation of biofluids and drugs throughout the system. These multi-functional MN devices can be envisioned in two distinct strategies. The first type includes individual drug delivery and biosensing MN units with a microfluidic system and a digital analyzer responsible for fluid transportation and communication between these two modules. The second type relies on smart biomaterials that can function as drug deliverers and biosensors by releasing drugs in a stimuli-responsive manner. These smart biomaterials can undergo structural changes when exposed to external stimuli, such as pH and ionic changes, mimicking the biological systems. Studies have demonstrated a high potential of hydrogel-based MN devices for a wide variety of biomedical applications, such as drug and cell delivery, as well as interstitial fluid extraction. Biodegradable hydrogels have also been advantageous for fabricating multi-functional MNs due to their high loading capacity and biocompatibility with the drug of choice. Here, we first review a set of MN devices that can be employed either for biosensing or delivery of multiple target molecules and compare them to the conventional and more simple systems, which are mainly designed for single-molecule sensing or delivery. Subsequently, we expand our insight into advanced MN systems with multiple competencies, such as body fluid extraction, biosensing, and drug delivery at the point of care. The improvement of biomaterials knowledge and biofabrication techniques will allow us to efficiently tune the next generation of smart MNs and provide a realistic platform for more effective personalized therapeutics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tavafoghi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Nadine
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, USA.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Jamileh Jahangiry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, USA
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