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Ouyang Y, Ou Z, Mwakitawa IM, Xia T, Pan Y, Wang C, Gao Q, Zhang B, Chen K, He Z, Shumilova T, Guo B, Zheng Y, Jiang T, Ma Z, Sun K. Orientation Manipulation and Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells by a Natural Compound. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401834. [PMID: 38623962 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Different facets in perovskite crystals exhibit distinct atomic arrangements, influencing their electronic, physical, and chemical properties. Perovskite films incorporating tin oxide (SnO2) as the electron transport layer face challenges in facet regulation. This study reveals that tea saponin (TS), a natural compound serves as a SnO2 modifier, facilitates optimal growth of perovskite crystals on the (111) facet. The modification promotes preferential crystal orientation through hydrogen bond and Lewis coordination. TS forms a chelate with SnO2, resulting in a smoother film and n-type doping, leading to improved carrier extraction and reduced defects. The TS-modified perovskite solar cells achieve a champion efficiency of 24.2%, leveraging from an obvious enhancement of open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.18 V and fill factor (FF) of 82.8%. The devices also demonstrate enhanced humidity tolerance and storage stability, ensuring improved stability without encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zeping Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ibrahim Mwamburi Mwakitawa
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tianyu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yi Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Can Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- R&D Center, JA Solar Holdings Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, 225131, China
| | - Kun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- R&D Center, JA Solar Holdings Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, 225131, China
| | - Zijuan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- R&D Center, JA Solar Holdings Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, 225131, China
| | - Tatyana Shumilova
- Institute of Geology, FRC Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Bing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tingming Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhu Ma
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Marques N, Jana S, Mendes MJ, Águas H, Martins R, Panigrahi S. Surface modification of halide perovskite using EDTA-complexed SnO 2 as electron transport layer in high performance solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12397-12406. [PMID: 38633492 PMCID: PMC11022184 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The long-term performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be significantly improved by tuning the surface characteristics of the perovskite layers. Herein, low-temperature-processed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-complexed SnO2 (E-SnO2) is successfully employed as an electron transport layer (ETL) in PSCs, enhancing the efficiency and stability of the devices. The effects of EDTA treatment on SnO2 are investigated for different concentrations: comparing the solar cells' response with 15%-2.5% SnO2 and E-SnO2 based ETLs, and it was found that 7.5% E-SnO2 provided the best results. The improved surface properties of the perovskite layer on E-SnO2 are attributed to the presence of small amount of PbI2 which contributes to passivate the defects at the grain boundaries and films' surface. However, for the excess PbI2 based devices, photocurrent dropped, which could be attributed to the generation of shallow traps due to excess PbI2. The better alignment between the Fermi level of E-SnO2 and the conduction band of perovskite is another favorable aspect that enables increased open-circuit potential (VOC), from 0.82 V to 1.015 V, yielding a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 15.51%. This complex ETL strategy presented here demonstrates the enormous potential of E-SnO2 as selective contact to enhance the perovskite layer properties and thereby allow stable and high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Marques
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
| | - Santanu Jana
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
| | - Manuel J Mendes
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
| | - Hugo Águas
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
| | - Shrabani Panigrahi
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
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Zang L, Zhao C, Hu X, Tao J, Chen S, Chu J. Emerging Trends in Electron Transport Layer Development for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400807. [PMID: 38573941 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand at the forefront of photovoltaic research, with current efficiencies surpassing 26.1%. This review critically examines the role of electron transport materials (ETMs) in enhancing the performance and longevity of PSCs. It presents an integrated overview of recent advancements in ETMs, like TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, fullerenes, non-fullerene polymers, and small molecules. Critical challenges are regulated grain structure, defect passivation techniques, energy level alignment, and interfacial engineering. Furthermore, the review highlights innovative materials that promise to redefine charge transport in PSCs. A detailed comparison of state-of-the-art ETMs elucidates their effectiveness in different perovskite systems. This review endeavors to inform the strategic enhancement and development of n-type electron transport layers (ETLs), delineating a pathway toward the realization of PSCs with superior efficiency and stability for potential commercial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunhu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Intelligent, School of Resource & Environment, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiahua Tao
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Shaoqiang Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Mohammed MKA, Al-Gazally ME, Khaleel OA, Al-Mousoi AK, Jeddoa ZMA, Majdi HS, Jabir MS, Hossain MK, Hatshan MR, Rahman MF, Dastan D. Improved eco-friendly CsSn 0.5Ge 0.5I 3 perovskite photovoltaic efficiency beyond 20% with SMe-TATPyr hole-transporting layer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3229-3239. [PMID: 38193862 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Perovskites composed of inorganic cesium (Cs) halide provide a route to thermally resistant solar cells. Nevertheless, the use of hole-transporting layers (HTLs) with hydrophobic additives is constrained by moisture-induced phase deterioration. Due to significant electrical loss, dopant-free HTLs are unable to produce practical solar cells. In this article, we designed a two-dimensional 1,3,6,8-tetrakis[5-(N,N-di(p-(methylthio)phenyl)amino-p-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl]pyrene (termed SMe-TATPyr) molecule as a new HTL to regulate electrical loss in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We optimized the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs based on mixed tin (Sn)/germanium (Ge) halide perovskite (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) by exploring different factors, such as the deep and shallow levels of defects, density of states at the valence band (NV), thickness of the perovskite film, p-type doping concentration (NA) of HTL, the series and shunt resistances, and so on. We carried out comparative research by employing the 1D-SCAPS (a solar cell capacitance simulator) analysis tool. Through optimization of the PSC, we obtained the highest parameters in the simulated solar cell structure of fluorine tin oxide (FTO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2)/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/SMe-TATPyr/gold (Au), and the PCE reached up to 20% with a fill factor (FF) of 81.89%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K A Mohammed
- College of Remote Sensing and Geophysics, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad 10011, Iraq.
| | | | - Omar A Khaleel
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | - Ali K Al-Mousoi
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | | | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Applied Science Department, University of Technology-Iraq, 10011 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ferdous Rahman
- Advanced Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Davoud Dastan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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Meng X, Sun Q, Shen B, Hu D, Kang B, Silva SRP, Wang L. Choline Derivative as a Multifunctional Interfacial Bridge through Synergistic Effects for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310275. [PMID: 38221708 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The interfacial carrier non-radiative recombination caused by buried defects in electron transport layer (ETL) material and the energy barrier severely hinders further improvement in efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, the effect of the SnO2 ETL doped with choline chloride (CC), acetylcholine chloride (AC), and phosphocholine chloride sodium salt (PCSS) are investigated. These dopants modify the interface between SnO2 ETL and perovskite layer, acting as a bridge through synergistic effects to form uniform ETL films, enhance the interface contact, and passivate defects. Ultimately, compared with CC (which with ─OH) and AC (which with C═O), the PCSS with P═O and sodium ions groups is more beneficial for improving performance. The device based on PCSS-doped SnO2 ETL achieves an efficiency of 23.06% with a high VOC of 1.2 V, which is considerably higher than the control device (20.55%). Moreover, after aging for 500 h at a temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 30-40%, the unsealed device based on SnO2 -PCSS ETL maintains 94% of its initial efficiency, while the control device only 80%. This study provides a meaningful reference for the design and selection of ideal pre-buried additive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bonan Kang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Nanoelectronics Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Hattori N, Vafaei S, Narita R, Nagaya N, Yoshida N, Sugiura T, Manseki K. Growth and Dispersion Control of SnO 2 Nanocrystals Employing an Amino Acid Ester Hydrochloride in Solution Synthesis: Microstructures and Photovoltaic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7649. [PMID: 38138791 PMCID: PMC10744412 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) is a technologically important semiconductor with versatile applications. In particular, attention is being paid to nanostructured SnO2 materials for use as a part of the constituents in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), an emerging renewable energy technology. This is mainly because SnO2 has high electron mobility, making it favorable for use in the electron transport layer (ETL) in these devices, in which SnO2 thin films play a role in extracting electrons from the adjacent light-absorber, i.e., lead halide perovskite compounds. Investigation of SnO2 solution synthesis under diverse reaction conditions is crucial in order to lay the foundation for the cost-effective production of PSCs. This research focuses on the facile catalyst-free synthesis of single-nanometer-scale SnO2 nanocrystals employing an aromatic organic ligand (as the structure-directing agent) and Sn(IV) salt in an aqueous solution. Most notably, the use of an aromatic amino acid ester hydrochloride salt-i.e., phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (denoted as L hereafter)-allowed us to obtain an aqueous precursor solution containing a higher concentration of ligand L, in addition to facilitating the growth of SnO2 nanoparticles as small as 3 nm with a narrow size distribution, which were analyzed by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Moreover, the nanoparticles were proved to be crystallized and uniformly dispersed in the reaction mixture. The environmentally benign, ethanol-based SnO2 nanofluids stabilized with the capping agent L for the Sn(IV) ions were also successfully obtained and spin-coated to produce a SnO2 nanoparticle film to serve as an ETL for PSCs. Several SnO2 ETLs that were created by varying the temperature of nanoparticle synthesis were examined to gain insight into the performance of PSCs. It is thought that reaction conditions that utilize high concentrations of ligand L to control the growth and dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles could serve as useful criteria for designing SnO2 ETLs, since hydrochloride salt L can offer significant potential as a functional compound by controlling the microstructures of individual SnO2 nanoparticles and the self-assembly process to form nanostructured SnO2 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Hattori
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Saeid Vafaei
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Ryoki Narita
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Naohide Nagaya
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Norimitsu Yoshida
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Takashi Sugiura
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Manseki
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan (K.M.)
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Song Q, Li Y, Lin Z, Xu X, Dong H, Duan H, Guan L, Gao X, Ai XC, Mu C. High-Fill-Factor Perovskite Solar Cells via Pseudohalide Salt Modification of the Substrate to Mitigate Nonradiative Recombination at the Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9951-9959. [PMID: 37905503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of the sol-gel method for fabricating planar SnO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL) induces numerous defects on the SnO2 layer surface and perovskite film bottom, causing considerable deterioration of the device performance. Conventional inorganic salt-doped SnO2 precursor solutions used for passivation may cause incomplete substrate coverage due to the presence of inorganic salt crystals, further degrading the device performance. Here, a substrate modification approach involving the pretreatment of a fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) substrate with NH4PF6 is proposed. The interaction between PF6- ions and the FTO substrate enhances SnO2 film quality; excess PF6- ions decrease the number of defects on the film surface. NH4+ ions react with an -OH stabilizing agent in the SnO2 solution and are eliminated during annealing. The combined effects suppress nonradiative recombination and ion migration at the ETL-perovskite interface. The corresponding high-quality perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a fill factor of ∼0.825; PSC efficiency increases from 19.59% to 22.32%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hairui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Li Guan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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