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Xiao S, Chen H, Bai Y, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. Targeting PRL phosphatases in hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:259-271. [PMID: 38653737 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2344695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family proteins, also known as protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A (PTP4A), have been implicated in many types of cancers. The PRL family of phosphatases consists of three members, PRL1, PRL2, and PRL3. PRLs have been shown to harbor oncogenic potentials and are highly expressed in a variety of cancers. Given their roles in cancer progression and metastasis, PRLs are potential targets for anticancer therapies. However, additional studies are needed to be performed to fully understand the roles of PRLs in blood cancers. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will summarize recent studies of PRLs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, the role of PRLs in regulating various signaling pathways, and the therapeutic potentials of targeting PRLs in hematological malignancies. We will also discuss how to improve current PRL inhibitors for cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Although PRL inhibitors show promising therapeutic effects in preclinical studies of different types of cancers, moving PRL inhibitors from bench to bedside is still challenging. More potent and selective PRL inhibitors are needed to target PRLs in hematological malignancies and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chen H, Bai Y, Kobayashi M, Xiao S, Barajas S, Cai W, Chen S, Miao J, Meke FN, Yao C, Yang Y, Strube K, Satchivi O, Sun J, Rönnstrand L, Croop JM, Boswell HS, Jia Y, Liu H, Li LS, Altman JK, Eklund EA, Sukhanova M, Ji P, Tong W, Band H, Huang DT, Platanias LC, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. PRL2 Phosphatase Promotes Oncogenic KIT Signaling in Leukemia Cells through Modulating CBL Phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:94-103. [PMID: 37756563 PMCID: PMC10841656 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase KIT is frequently activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While high PRL2 (PTP4A2) expression is correlated with activation of SCF/KIT signaling in AML, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We discovered that inhibition of PRL2 significantly reduces the burden of oncogenic KIT-driven leukemia and extends leukemic mice survival. PRL2 enhances oncogenic KIT signaling in leukemia cells, promoting their proliferation and survival. We found that PRL2 dephosphorylates CBL at tyrosine 371 and inhibits its activity toward KIT, leading to decreased KIT ubiquitination and enhanced AKT and ERK signaling in leukemia cells. IMPLICATIONS Our studies uncover a novel mechanism that fine-tunes oncogenic KIT signaling in leukemia cells and will likely identify PRL2 as a novel therapeutic target in AML with KIT mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Sergio Barajas
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Frederick Nguele Meke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Chonghua Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine Strube
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Odelia Satchivi
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - James M. Croop
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - H. Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Loretta S. Li
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica K. Altman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Peng Ji
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hamid Band
- Department of Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Danny T. Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
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Chen N, Quan Y, Chen M, Lu Y, Yang L, Wang S, Chen F, Xu Y, Shen M, Zeng H, Chen S, Wang F, Wang J, Hu M. Melanocortin/MC5R axis regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice after ionizing radiation injury. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3199-3212. [PMID: 36920787 PMCID: PMC10338215 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess great self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation abilities, which contribute to the continuous generation of various blood cells. Although many intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been found to maintain HSC homeostasis, the precise regulation of hematopoiesis under stress conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we show that melanocortin receptor 5 (MC5R) is abundantly expressed in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using an MC5R knockout mouse model, we observed that it is not essential for steady-state hematopoiesis. Interestingly, the levels of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an important subtype of melanocortin, were elevated in the serum and bone marrow, and the expression of MC5R was upregulated in HSPCs from mice after irradiation. MC5R deficiency aggravates irradiation-induced myelosuppression because of impaired proliferation and reconstitution of HSCs. Further investigation revealed that the melanocortin/MC5R axis regulates the proliferation of HSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. More importantly, α-MSH treatment can significantly accelerate hematopoietic recovery in irradiated mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the melanocortin/MC5R axis plays a crucial role in regulating HSC proliferation under stress, thus providing a promising strategy to promote hematopoietic regeneration when suffering from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Bai Y, Yu G, Zhou HM, Amarasinghe O, Zhou Y, Zhu P, Li Q, Zhang L, Nguele Meke F, Miao Y, Chapman E, Tao WA, Zhang ZY. PTP4A2 promotes lysophagy by dephosphorylation of VCP/p97 at Tyr805. Autophagy 2023; 19:1562-1581. [PMID: 36300783 PMCID: PMC10240998 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2140558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of PTP4A phosphatases are associated with advanced cancers, but their biological functions are far from fully understood due to limited knowledge about their physiological substrates. VCP is implicated in lysophagy via collaboration with specific cofactors in the ELDR complex. However, how the ELDR complex assembly is regulated has not been determined. Moreover, the functional significance of the penultimate and conserved Tyr805 phosphorylation in VCP has not been established. Here, we use an unbiased substrate trapping and mass spectrometry approach and identify VCP/p97 as a bona fide substrate of PTP4A2. Biochemical studies show that PTP4A2 dephosphorylates VCP at Tyr805, enabling the association of VCP with its C-terminal cofactors UBXN6/UBXD1 and PLAA, which are components of the ELDR complex responsible for lysophagy, the autophagic clearance of damaged lysosomes. Functionally, PTP4A2 is required for cellular homeostasis by promoting lysophagy through facilitating ELDR-mediated K48-linked ubiquitin conjugate removal and autophagosome formation on the damaged lysosomes. Deletion of Ptp4a2 in vivo compromises the recovery of glycerol-injection induced acute kidney injury due to impaired lysophagy and sustained lysosomal damage. Taken together, our data establish PTP4A2 as a critical regulator of VCP and uncover an important role for PTP4A2 in maintaining lysosomal homeostasis through dephosphorylation of VCP at Tyr805. Our study suggests that PTP4A2 targeting could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat cancers and other degenerative diseases by modulating lysosomal homeostasis and macroautophagy/autophagy.Abbreviations: AAA+: ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities; AKI: acute kidney injury; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; ELDR: endo-lysosomal damage response; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IP: immunoprecipitation; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LGALS3/Gal3: galectin 3; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; PLAA: phospholipase A2, activating protein; PTP4A2: protein tyrosine phosphatase 4a2; PUB: NGLY1/PNGase/UBA- or UBX-containing protein; PUL: PLAP, Ufd3, and Lub1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; UBXN6/UBXD1: UBX domain protein 6; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system; VCP/p97: valosin containing protein; VCPIP1: valosin containing protein interacting protein 1; YOD1: YOD1 deubiquitinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Guimei Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Hong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Qinglin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Lujuan Zhang
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Frederick Nguele Meke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Yiming Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, A, USA
| | - W. Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Center for Cancer Research
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Center for Cancer Research
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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5
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Chen H, Bai Y, Kobayashi M, Xiao S, Cai W, Barajas S, Chen S, Miao J, Meke FN, Vemula S, Ropa JP, Croop JM, Boswell HS, Wan J, Jia Y, Liu H, Li LS, Altman JK, Eklund EA, Ji P, Tong W, Band H, Huang DT, Platanias LC, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. PRL2 phosphatase enhances oncogenic FLT3 signaling via dephosphorylation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL at tyrosine 371. Blood 2023; 141:244-259. [PMID: 36206490 PMCID: PMC9936309 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with poor prognosis. FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (FLT3) is one of the major oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases aberrantly activated in AML. Although protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL2 is highly expressed in some subtypes of AML compared with normal human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, the mechanisms by which PRL2 promotes leukemogenesis are largely unknown. We discovered that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PRL2 significantly reduce the burden of FLT3-internal tandem duplications-driven leukemia and extend the survival of leukemic mice. Furthermore, we found that PRL2 enhances oncogenic FLT3 signaling in leukemia cells, promoting their proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, PRL2 dephosphorylates the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL at tyrosine 371 and attenuates CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of FLT3, leading to enhanced FLT3 signaling in leukemia cells. Thus, our study reveals that PRL2 enhances oncogenic FLT3 signaling in leukemia cells through dephosphorylation of CBL and will likely establish PRL2 as a novel druggable target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sergio Barajas
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Frederick Nguele Meke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James P. Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James M. Croop
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - H. Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Loretta S. Li
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jessica K. Altman
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth A. Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Peng Ji
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wei Tong
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hamid Band
- Department of Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB
| | - Danny T. Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
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CDK19 regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells by suppressing p53-mediated transcription of p21. Leukemia 2022; 36:956-969. [PMID: 35110726 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle progression of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is precisely controlled by multiple regulatory factors. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we find that cyclin-dependent kinase 19 (CDK19), not its paralogue CDK8, is relatively enriched in mouse HSCs, and its expression is more significantly increased than CDK8 after proliferative stresses. Furthermore, SenexinB (a CDK8/19 inhibitor) treatment impairs the proliferation and self-renewal ability of HSCs. Moreover, overexpression of CDK19 promotes HSC function better than CDK8 overexpression. Using CDK19 knockout mice, we observe that CDK19-/- HSCs exhibit similar phenotypes to those of cells treated with SenexinB. Interestingly, the p53 signaling pathway is significantly activated in HSCs lacking CDK19 expression. Further investigations show that CDK19 can interact with p53 to inhibit p53-mediated transcription of p21 in HSCs and treatment with a specific p53 inhibitor (PFTβ) partially rescues the defects of CDK19-null HSCs. Importantly, SenexinB treatment markedly inhibits the proliferation of AML cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that CDK19 is involved in regulating HSC and AML cell proliferation via the p53-p21 pathway, revealing a new mechanism underlying cell cycle regulation in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells.
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7
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Downregulated Expression of miRNA-130a-5p Aggravates Hepatoma Progression via Targeting PTP4A2. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2021:4439505. [PMID: 34992672 PMCID: PMC8727122 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4439505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatoma is a leading cause of death worldwide, with high metastasis and recurrence rates. The aberrant expression of miRNA-130a-5p is involved in the development and progression of various cancers. However, there are no studies investigating the role of miRNA-130a-5p in hepatoma. The present study is aimed at clarifying the functional role of miRNA-130a-5p in hepatoma progression. Methods The expression levels of miRNA-130a-5p in hepatoma tissues and cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR assays. Bioinformatic analysis, gain-/loss-of-function experiments, and luciferase activity assays were conducted to verify whether miRNA-130a-5p is targeted by protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 (PTP4A2). The functions of miRNA-130a-5p and PTP4A2 in hepatoma were determined by cell proliferation assays. Results The expression of miRNA-130a-5p was downregulated in hepatoma tissues and was related to poor prognosis. However, the expression level of PTP4A2 was contradictory to that of miRNA-130a-5p, and PTP4A2 upregulation could aggravate hepatoma progression. The ectopic overexpression of PTP4A2 promoted hepatoma cell proliferation in vitro, which could be reversed by miRNA-130a-5p. Conclusions Our study implies that miRNA-130a-5p, which is downregulated in hepatoma tissues, can suppress hepatoma cell proliferation via targeting PTP4A2.
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Mohrin M. Mito-managing ROS & redox to reboot the immune system: Tapping mitochondria & redox management to extend the reach of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:38-53. [PMID: 33486089 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for life-long production of blood and immune cells. HSC transplantation (HSCT) is the original cell therapy which can cure hematological disorders but also has the potential to treat other diseases if technical and safety barriers are overcome. To maintain homeostatic hematopoiesis or to restore hematopoiesis during transplantation HSCs must perform both self-renewal, replication of themselves, and differentiation, generation of mature blood and immune cells. These are just two of the cell fate choices HSCs have; the transitional phases where HSCs undergo these cell fate decisions are regulated by reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling, mitochondrial activity, and cellular metabolism. Recent studies revealed that mitochondria, a key source of redox signaling components, are central to HSC cell fate decisions. Here we highlight how mitochondria serve as hubs in HSCs to manage redox signaling and metabolism and thus guide HSC fate choices. We focus on how mitochondrial activity is modulated by their clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, distribution, and quality control in HSCs. We also note how modulating mitochondria in HSCs can help overcome technical barriers limiting further use of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mohrin
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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9
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Luo W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Yu X, Tong J. Identifying Candidate Genes Involved in the Regulation of Early Growth Using Full-Length Transcriptome and RNA-Seq Analyses of Frontal and Parietal Bones and Vertebral Bones in Bighead Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Front Genet 2021; 11:603454. [PMID: 33519908 PMCID: PMC7844397 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.603454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth, one of the most important traits monitored in domestic animals, is essentially associated with bone development. To date, no large-scale transcriptome studies investigating bone development in bighead carp have been reported. In this study, we applied Isoform-sequencing technology to uncover the entire transcriptomic landscape of the bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) in early growth stage, and obtained 63,873 non-redundant transcripts, 20,907 long non-coding RNAs, and 1,579 transcription factors. A total of 381 alternative splicing events were seen in the frontal and parietal bones with another 784 events simultaneously observed in the vertebral bones. Coupling this to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we identified 27 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) in the frontal and parietal bones and 45 DEGs in the vertebral bones in the fast-growing group of fish, when compared to the slow-growing group of fish. Finally, 15 key pathways and 20 key DEGs were identified and found to be involved in regulation of early growth such as energy metabolism, immune function, and cytoskeleton function and important cellular pathways such as the arginine and proline metabolic pathway (p4ha1), FoxO signaling pathway (sgk1), cell adhesion molecules (b2m, ptprc, and mhcII), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway (scd). We established a novel full-length transcriptome resource and combined it with RNA-seq to elucidate the mechanism of genetic regulation of differential growth in bighead carp. The key DEGs identified in this study could fuel further studies investigating associations between growth and bone development and serve as a source of potential candidate genes for marker-assisted breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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10
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Kim JY, Choi JH, Jun JH, Park S, Jung J, Bae SH, Kim GJ. Enhanced PRL-1 expression in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerates hepatic function via mitochondrial dynamics in a cirrhotic rat model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:512. [PMID: 33246509 PMCID: PMC7694436 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) have been highlighted as an alternative cell therapy agent that has become a next-generation stem cell treatment. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1), an immediate early gene, plays a critical role during liver regeneration. Here, we generated enhanced PRL-1 in PD-MSCs (PD-MSCsPRL-1, PRL-1+) using lentiviral and nonviral gene delivery systems and investigated mitochondrial functions by PD-MSCPRL-1 transplantation for hepatic functions in a rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model. METHODS PD-MSCsPRL-1 were generated by lentiviral and nonviral AMAXA gene delivery systems and analyzed for their characteristics and mitochondrial metabolic functions. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using common BDL for 10 days. PKH67+ naïve and PD-MSCsPRL-1 using a nonviral sysyem (2 × 106 cells/animal) were intravenously administered into cirrhotic rats. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after transplantation and engraftment of stem cells, and histopathological analysis and hepatic mitochondrial functions were performed. RESULTS PD-MSCsPRL-1 were successfully generated using lentiviral and nonviral AMAXA systems and maintained characteristics similar to those of naïve cells. Compared with naïve cells, PD-MSCsPRL-1 improved respirational metabolic states of mitochondria. In particular, mitochondria in PD-MSCsPRL-1 generated by the nonviral AMAXA system showed a significant increase in the respirational metabolic state, including ATP production and mitochondrial biogenesis (*p < 0.05). Furthermore, transplantation of PD-MSCsPRL-1 using a nonviral AMAXA system promoted engraftment into injured target liver tissues of a rat BDL cirrhotic model and enhanced the metabolism of mitochondria via increased mtDNA and ATP production, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will further our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of enhanced MSCs and provide useful data for the development of next-generation MSC-based cell therapy and therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jun
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chen H, Gu B, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Huo S, Liu X, Lu H. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0007364 increases cervical cancer progression through activating methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) expression by restraining microRNA-101-5p. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1269-1279. [PMID: 33138667 PMCID: PMC8291787 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1832343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in cervical cancer (CC) progression. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of hsa_circ_0007364 in the tumorigenesis of CC remain unclear. In the present study, we used bioinformatics analysis and a series of experimental analysis to characterize a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0007364 was up-regulated and associated with advanced clinical features in CC patients. Hsa_circ_0007364 inhibition notably suppressed the proliferation and invasion abilities of CC cells in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, hsa_circ_0007364 was uncovered to sponge miR-101-5p. Additionally, methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) was verified as a target gene of miR-101-5p, and its downregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of hsa_circ_0007364 knockdown on CC progression. Therefore, we suggested that hsa_circ_0007364 might serve as an oncogenic circRNA in CC progression by regulating the miR-101-5p/MAT2A axis, which provides a potential therapeutic target to the treatment. Research highlights hsa_circ_0007364 was upregulated in CC hsa_circ_0007364 promoted CC cell progression hsa_circ_0007364/miR-101-5p/MAT2A axis in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Huo
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Huihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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12
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Bigan E, Sasidharan Nair S, Lejeune FX, Fragnaud H, Parmentier F, Mégret L, Verny M, Aaronson J, Rosinski J, Neri C. Genetic cooperativity in multi-layer networks implicates cell survival and senescence in the striatum of Huntington's disease mice synchronous to symptoms. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:186-196. [PMID: 31228193 PMCID: PMC6956776 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Huntington’s disease (HD) may evolve through gene deregulation. However, the impact of gene deregulation on the dynamics of genetic cooperativity in HD remains poorly understood. Here, we built a multi-layer network model of temporal dynamics of genetic cooperativity in the brain of HD knock-in mice (allelic series of Hdh mice). To enhance biological precision and gene prioritization, we integrated three complementary families of source networks, all inferred from the same RNA-seq time series data in Hdh mice, into weighted-edge networks where an edge recapitulates path-length variation across source-networks and age-points. Results Weighted edge networks identify two consecutive waves of tight genetic cooperativity enriched in deregulated genes (critical phases), pre-symptomatically in the cortex, implicating neurotransmission, and symptomatically in the striatum, implicating cell survival (e.g. Hipk4) intertwined with cell proliferation (e.g. Scn4b) and cellular senescence (e.g. Cdkn2a products) responses. Top striatal weighted edges are enriched in modulators of defective behavior in invertebrate models of HD pathogenesis, validating their relevance to neuronal dysfunction in vivo. Collectively, these findings reveal highly dynamic temporal features of genetic cooperativity in the brain of Hdh mice where a 2-step logic highlights the importance of cellular maintenance and senescence in the striatum of symptomatic mice, providing highly prioritized targets. Availability and implementation Weighted edge network analysis (WENA) data and source codes for performing spectral decomposition of the signal (SDS) and WENA analysis, both written using Python, are available at http://www.broca.inserm.fr/HD-WENA/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Bigan
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | - Satish Sasidharan Nair
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | - Hélissande Fragnaud
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | - Frédéric Parmentier
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | - Lucile Mégret
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | - Marc Verny
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
| | | | | | - Christian Neri
- Sorbonnes Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging (Brain-C), Paris F-75252, France
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13
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Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20538-20548. [PMID: 32788364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002964117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) levels are frequently found reduced in human cancers, but how PTEN is down-regulated is not fully understood. In addition, although a compelling connection exists between PRL (phosphatase of regenerating liver) 2 and cancer, how this phosphatase induces oncogenesis has been an enigma. Here, we discovered that PRL2 ablation inhibits PTEN heterozygosity-induced tumorigenesis. PRL2 deficiency elevates PTEN and attenuates AKT signaling, leading to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in tumors. We also found that high PRL2 expression is correlated with low PTEN level with reduced overall patient survival. Mechanistically, we identified PTEN as a putative PRL2 substrate and demonstrated that PRL2 down-regulates PTEN by dephosphorylating PTEN at Y336, thereby augmenting NEDD4-mediated PTEN ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Given the strong cancer susceptibility to subtle reductions in PTEN, the ability of PRL2 to down-regulate PTEN provides a biochemical basis for its oncogenic propensity. The results also suggest that pharmacological targeting of PRL2 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy to restore PTEN, thereby obliterating PTEN deficiency-induced malignancies.
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14
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Johansson JA, Marie KL, Lu Y, Brombin A, Santoriello C, Zeng Z, Zich J, Gautier P, von Kriegsheim A, Brunsdon H, Wheeler AP, Dreger M, Houston DR, Dooley CM, Sims AH, Busch-Nentwich EM, Zon LI, Illingworth RS, Patton EE. PRL3-DDX21 Transcriptional Control of Endolysosomal Genes Restricts Melanocyte Stem Cell Differentiation. Dev Cell 2020; 54:317-332.e9. [PMID: 32652076 PMCID: PMC7435699 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytes, replenished throughout life by melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), play a critical role in pigmentation and melanoma. Here, we reveal a function for the metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) in MSC regeneration. We show that PRL3 binds to the RNA helicase DDX21, thereby restricting productive transcription by RNAPII at master transcription factor (MITF)-regulated endolysosomal vesicle genes. In zebrafish, this mechanism controls premature melanoblast expansion and differentiation from MSCs. In melanoma patients, restricted transcription of this endolysosomal vesicle pathway is a hallmark of PRL3-high melanomas. Our work presents the conceptual advance that PRL3-mediated control of transcriptional elongation is a differentiation checkpoint mechanism for activated MSCs and has clinical relevance for the activity of PRL3 in regenerating tissue and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Johansson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuting Lu
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Cristina Santoriello
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology, Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Judith Zich
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ann P Wheeler
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marcel Dreger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Douglas R Houston
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Waddington Building, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Christopher M Dooley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Department ECNV, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology, Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Robert S Illingworth
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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15
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Zhang Y, Roos M, Himburg H, Termini CM, Quarmyne M, Li M, Zhao L, Kan J, Fang T, Yan X, Pohl K, Diers E, Jin Gim H, Damoiseaux R, Whitelegge J, McBride W, Jung ME, Chute JP. PTPσ inhibitors promote hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3667. [PMID: 31413255 PMCID: PMC6694155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma (PTPσ) is primarily expressed by adult neurons and regulates neural regeneration. We recently discovered that PTPσ is also expressed by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we describe small molecule inhibitors of PTPσ that promote HSC regeneration in vivo. Systemic administration of the PTPσ inhibitor, DJ001, or its analog, to irradiated mice promotes HSC regeneration, accelerates hematologic recovery, and improves survival. Similarly, DJ001 administration accelerates hematologic recovery in mice treated with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. DJ001 displays high specificity for PTPσ and antagonizes PTPσ via unique non-competitive, allosteric binding. Mechanistically, DJ001 suppresses radiation-induced HSC apoptosis via activation of the RhoGTPase, RAC1, and induction of BCL-XL. Furthermore, treatment of irradiated human HSCs with DJ001 promotes the regeneration of human HSCs capable of multilineage in vivo repopulation. These studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of selective, small-molecule PTPσ inhibitors for human hematopoietic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Martina Roos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Heather Himburg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christina M Termini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mamle Quarmyne
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michelle Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Liman Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jenny Kan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tiancheng Fang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Yan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katherine Pohl
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Emelyne Diers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyo Jin Gim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William McBride
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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16
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Yin C, Wu C, Du X, Fang Y, Pu J, Wu J, Tang L, Zhao W, Weng Y, Guo X, Chen G, Wang Z. PRL2 Controls Phagocyte Bactericidal Activity by Sensing and Regulating ROS. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2609. [PMID: 30483267 PMCID: PMC6244668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is well-recognized that inflammation enhances leukocyte bactericidal activity, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here we report that PRL2 is sensitive to oxidative stress at inflamed sites. Reduced PRL2 in phagocytes causes increased respiratory burst activity and enhances phagocyte bactericidal activity. PRL2 (Phosphatase Regenerating Liver 2) is highly expressed in resting immune cells, but is markedly downregulated by inflammation. in vitro experiments showed that PRL2 was sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a common damage signal at inflamed sites. In response to infection, PRL2 knockout (KO) phagocytes were hyper activated, produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity. Mice with PRL2 deficiency in the myeloid cell compartment were resistant to lethal listeria infection and cleared the bacteria more rapidly and effectively. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that PRL2 binds to GTPase Rac and regulates ROS production. Rac GTPases were more active in PRL2 (KO) phagocytes than in wild type cells after bacterium infection. Our findings indicate that PRL2 senses ROS at inflamed sites and regulates ROS production in phagocytes. This positive feedback mechanism promotes bactericidal activity of phagocytes and may play an important role in innate anti-bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cennan Yin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyun Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juebiao Pu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Hardy S, Kostantin E, Hatzihristidis T, Zolotarov Y, Uetani N, Tremblay ML. Physiological and oncogenic roles of thePRLphosphatases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3886-3908. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Elie Kostantin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Teri Hatzihristidis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Yevgen Zolotarov
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
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19
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Nguyen DC, Lewis HC, Joyner C, Warren V, Xiao H, Kissick HT, Wu R, Galipeau J, Lee FEH. Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells support ex vivo survival of human antibody secreting cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1463778. [PMID: 29713426 PMCID: PMC5917896 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1463778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) are novel mechanisms of cell-cell communication over short and long distances. BM-MSC have been shown to support human antibody secreting cells (ASC) survival ex vivo, but whether the crosstalk between the MSC-ASC interaction can occur via EVs is not known. Thus, we evaluated the role of EVs in ASC survival and IgG secretion. EVs were isolated from irradiated and non-irradiated primary BM-MSC and were quantified. They were further characterized by electron microscopy (EM) and CD63 and CD81 immuno-gold EM staining. Human ASC were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and cultured ex vivo with the EV fractions, the EV-reduced fractions, or conventional media. IgG Elispots were used to measure the survival and functionality of the ASC. Contents of the EV fractions were evaluated by proteomics. We saw that both irradiated and non-irradiated MSC secretome preparations afforded vesicles of a size consistent with EVs. Both preparations appeared comparable in EM morphology and CD63 and CD81 immuno-gold EM. Both irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions supported ASC function, at 88% and 90%, respectively, by day 3. In contrast, conventional media maintained only 4% ASC survival by day 3. To identify the specific factors that provided in vitro ASC support, we compared proteomes of the irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions with conventional media. Pathway analysis of these proteins identified factors involved in the vesicle-mediated delivery of integrin signalling proteins. These findings indicate that BM-MSC EVs provide an effective support system for ASC survival and IgG secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Holly C. Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chester Joyner
- International Center for Malaria Research, Education and Development, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vivien Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T. Kissick
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Yu ZH, Zhang ZY. Regulatory Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Targeting Strategies for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1069-1091. [PMID: 28541680 PMCID: PMC5812791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate level of protein phosphorylation on tyrosine is essential for cells to react to extracellular stimuli and maintain cellular homeostasis. Faulty operation of signal pathways mediated by protein tyrosine phosphorylation causes numerous human diseases, which presents enormous opportunities for therapeutic intervention. While the importance of protein tyrosine kinases in orchestrating the tyrosine phosphorylation networks and in target-based drug discovery has long been recognized, the significance of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in cellular signaling and disease biology has historically been underappreciated, due to a large extent to an erroneous assumption that they are largely constitutive and housekeeping enzymes. Here, we provide a comprehensive examination of a number of regulatory mechanisms, including redox modulation, allosteric regulation, and protein oligomerization, that control PTP activity. These regulatory mechanisms are integral to the myriad PTP-mediated biochemical events and reinforce the concept that PTPs are indispensable and specific modulators of cellular signaling. We also discuss how disruption of these PTP regulatory mechanisms can cause human diseases and how these diverse regulatory mechanisms can be exploited for novel therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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21
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Frankson R, Yu ZH, Bai Y, Li Q, Zhang RY, Zhang ZY. Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatases. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5701-5705. [PMID: 28855209 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) are exciting and novel targets for cancer drug discovery that work in concert with protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) in controlling cellular homeostasis. Given the activating role that some PTKs play in initiating growth factor-mediated cellular processes, PTPs are usually perceived as the negative regulators of these events and therefore tumor suppressive in nature. However, mounting evidence indicate that PTPs do not always antagonize the activity of PTKs in regulating tyrosine phosphorylation, but can also play dominant roles in the initiation and progression of signaling cascades that regulate cell functions. It follows, therefore, that PTP malfunction can actively contribute to a host of human disorders, in particular, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and autoimmune diseases. The Src homology domain containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and the three-membered family of phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL) are infamously oncogenic members of the PTP superfamily. Both are established regulators of major cancer pathways such as Ras/ERK1/2, Src, JAK/STAT, JNK, NF-κB, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, upregulation, mutation, or other dysregulation of these PTPs has been positively correlated with cancer initiation and progression. This review will provide topical coverage of target validation and drug discovery efforts made in targeting these oncogenic PTPs as compelling candidates for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5701-5. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Frankson
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qinglin Li
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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22
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Uetani N, Hardy S, Gravel SP, Kiessling S, Pietrobon A, Wong NN, Chénard V, Cermakian N, St-Pierre J, Tremblay ML. PRL2 links magnesium flux and sex-dependent circadian metabolic rhythms. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91722. [PMID: 28679948 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) plays pleiotropic roles in cellular biology, and it is essentially required for all living organisms. Although previous studies demonstrated intracellular Mg2+ levels were regulated by the complex of phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (PRL2) and Mg2+ transporter of cyclin M (CNNMs), physiological functions of PRL2 in whole animals remain unclear. Interestingly, Mg2+ was recently identified as a regulator of circadian rhythm-dependent metabolism; however, no mechanism was found to explain the clock-dependent Mg2+ oscillation. Herein, we report PRL2 as a missing link between sex and metabolism, as well as clock genes and daily cycles of Mg2+ fluxes. Our results unveil that PRL2-null animals displayed sex-dependent alterations in body composition, and expression of PRLs and CNNMs were sex- and circadian time-dependently regulated in brown adipose tissues. Consistently, PRL2-KO mice showed sex-dependent alterations in thermogenesis and in circadian energy metabolism. These physiological changes were associated with an increased rate of uncoupled respiration with lower intracellular Mg2+ in PRL2-KO cells. Moreover, PRL2 deficiency causes inhibition of the ATP citrate lyase axis, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. Overall, our findings support that sex- and circadian-dependent PRL2 expression alter intracellular Mg2+ levels, which accordingly controls energy metabolism status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre
| | | | - Silke Kiessling
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, and
| | | | - Nau Nau Wong
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre
| | | | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, and
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre.,Department of Biochemistry
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre.,Department of Biochemistry.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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23
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Davegårdh C, Broholm C, Perfilyev A, Henriksen T, García-Calzón S, Peijs L, Hansen NS, Volkov P, Kjøbsted R, Wojtaszewski JFP, Pedersen M, Pedersen BK, Ballak DB, Dinarello CA, Heinhuis B, Joosten LAB, Nilsson E, Vaag A, Scheele C, Ling C. Abnormal epigenetic changes during differentiation of human skeletal muscle stem cells from obese subjects. BMC Med 2017; 15:39. [PMID: 28222718 PMCID: PMC5320752 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skeletal muscle stem cells are important for muscle regeneration. However, the combined genome-wide DNA methylation and expression changes taking place during adult myogenesis have not been described in detail and novel myogenic factors may be discovered. Additionally, obesity is associated with low relative muscle mass and diminished metabolism. Epigenetic alterations taking place during myogenesis might contribute to these defects. METHODS We used Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Kit (Illumina) and HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip (Illumina) to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation and transcription before versus after differentiation of primary human myoblasts from 14 non-obese and 14 obese individuals. Functional follow-up experiments were performed using siRNA mediated gene silencing in primary human myoblasts and a transgenic mouse model. RESULTS We observed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and expression patterns during differentiation of primary human muscle stem cells (myoblasts). We identified epigenetic and transcriptional changes of myogenic transcription factors (MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, MYF6, PAX7, MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D), cell cycle regulators, metabolic enzymes and genes previously not linked to myogenesis, including IL32, metallothioneins, and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoproteins. Functional studies demonstrated IL-32 as a novel target that regulates human myogenesis, insulin sensitivity and ATP levels in muscle cells. Furthermore, IL32 transgenic mice had reduced insulin response and muscle weight. Remarkably, approximately 3.7 times more methylation changes (147,161 versus 39,572) were observed during differentiation of myoblasts from obese versus non-obese subjects. In accordance, DNMT1 expression increased during myogenesis only in obese subjects. Interestingly, numerous genes implicated in metabolic diseases and epigenetic regulation showed differential methylation and expression during differentiation only in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies IL-32 as a novel myogenic regulator, provides a comprehensive map of the dynamic epigenome during differentiation of human muscle stem cells and reveals abnormal epigenetic changes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Davegårdh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Christa Broholm
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Tora Henriksen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia García-Calzón
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Lone Peijs
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Petr Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dov B Ballak
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Heinhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Early Clinical Development, Translational Medical Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.
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25
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Kobayashi M, Nabinger SC, Bai Y, Yoshimoto M, Gao R, Chen S, Yao C, Dong Y, Zhang L, Rodriguez S, Yashiro-Ohtani Y, Pear WS, Carlesso N, Yoder MC, Kapur R, Kaplan MH, Daniel Lacorazza H, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL2 Mediates Notch and Kit Signals in Early T Cell Progenitors. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1053-1064. [PMID: 28009085 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathways regulating lymphoid priming, fate, and development of multipotent bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that continuously feed thymic progenitors remain largely unknown. While Notch signal is indispensable for T cell specification and differentiation, the downstream effectors are not well understood. PRL2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and self-renewal, is highly expressed in murine thymocyte progenitors. Here we demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL2 and receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit are critical downstream targets and effectors of the canonical Notch/RBPJ pathway in early T cell progenitors. While PRL2 deficiency resulted in moderate defects of thymopoiesis in the steady state, de novo generation of T cells from Prl2 null hematopoietic stem cells was significantly reduced following transplantation. Prl2 null HSPCs also showed impaired T cell differentiation in vitro. We found that Notch/RBPJ signaling upregulated PRL2 as well as c-Kit expression in T cell progenitors. Further, PRL2 sustains Notch-mediated c-Kit expression and enhances stem cell factor/c-Kit signaling in T cell progenitors, promoting effective DN1-DN2 transition. Thus, we have identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in mediating Notch and c-Kit signals in early T cell progenitors. Stem Cells 2017;35:1053-1064.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C Nabinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chonghua Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Yuanshu Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lujuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sonia Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Yumi Yashiro-Ohtani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Hugo Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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27
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Role of phosphatase of regenerating liver 1 (PRL1) in spermatogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34211. [PMID: 27666520 PMCID: PMC5035919 DOI: 10.1038/srep34211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The PRL phosphatases are oncogenic when overexpressed but their in vivo biological function is less well understood. Previous gene deletion study revealed a role for PRL2 in spermatogenesis. We report here the first knockout mice lacking PRL1, the most related homolog of PRL2. We found that loss of PRL1 does not affect spermatogenesis and reproductive ability of male mice, likely due to functional compensation by the relatively higher expression of PRL2 in the testes. However, PRL1-/-/PRL2+/- male mice show testicular atrophy phenotype similar to PRL2-/- mice. More strikingly, deletion of one PRL1 allele in PRL2-/- male mice causes complete infertility. Mechanistically, the total level of PRL1 and PRL2 is negatively correlated with the PTEN protein level in the testis and PRL1+/-/PRL2-/- mice have the highest level of PTEN, leading to attenuated Akt activation and increased germ cell apoptosis, effectively halting spermatozoa production. These results provide the first evidence that in addition to PRL2, PRL1 is also required for spermatogenesis by downregulating PTEN and promoting Akt signaling. The ability of the PRLs to suppress PTEN expression underscores the biochemical basis for their oncogenic potential.
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28
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Gungabeesoon J, Tremblay ML, Uetani N. Localizing PRL-2 expression and determining the effects of dietary Mg(2+) on expression levels. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:99-111. [PMID: 27015884 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is a group of protein tyrosine phosphatases that play a key role in cancer progression and metastasis. We previously showed that PRL-2 modulates intracellular Mg(2+) levels and sustains cancer phenotypes by binding to the Mg(2+) transporter CNNM3. However, the physiological functions of PRL-2 in animals remain largely unknown. To better understand which cell types are associated with PRL-2 function, we characterized its expression in mouse tissues using a PRL-2 β-galactosidase reporter mouse model. Our results demonstrated that PRL-2 was ubiquitously expressed, with the highest expression levels observed in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons, ependymal cells, cone and rod photoreceptor cells, endocardium, vascular and bronchial smooth muscle, and collecting ducts in the kidney. On the other hand, PRL-2 expression was undetectable or very low in the parenchymal cells of the liver and pancreas. Our results also indicated that PRL-2 is involved in cell-type-specific Mg(2+) homeostasis and that PRL-2 expression is potentially inversely regulated by dietary Mg(2+) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Gungabeesoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Cancer Research Building, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 618, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Cancer Research Building, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 618, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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29
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Kostantin E, Hardy S, Valinsky WC, Kompatscher A, de Baaij JHF, Zolotarov Y, Landry M, Uetani N, Martínez-Cruz LA, Hoenderop JGJ, Shrier A, Tremblay ML. Inhibition of PRL-2·CNNM3 Protein Complex Formation Decreases Breast Cancer Proliferation and Tumor Growth. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10716-25. [PMID: 26969161 PMCID: PMC4865918 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (PRL-2) has been shown to regulate intracellular magnesium levels by forming a complex through an extended amino acid loop present in the Bateman module of the CNNM3 magnesium transporter. Here we identified highly conserved residues located on this amino acid loop critical for the binding with PRL-2. A single point mutation (D426A) of one of those critical amino acids was found to completely disrupt PRL-2·human Cyclin M 3 (CNNM3) complex formation. Whole-cell voltage clamping revealed that expression of CNNM3 influenced the surface current, whereas overexpression of the binding mutant had no effect, indicating that the binding of PRL-2 to CNNM3 is important for the activity of the complex. Interestingly, overexpression of the CNNM3 D426A-binding mutant in cancer cells decreased their ability to proliferate under magnesium-deprived situations and under anchorage-independent growth conditions, demonstrating a PRL-2·CNNM3 complex-dependent oncogenic advantage in a more stringent environment. We further confirmed the importance of this complex in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft breast cancer model. Finally, because molecular modeling showed that the Asp-426 side chain in CNNM3 buries into the catalytic cavity of PRL-2, we showed that a PRL inhibitor could abrogate complex formation, resulting in a decrease in proliferation of human breast cancer cells. In summary, we provide evidence that this fundamental regulatory aspect of PRL-2 in cancer cells could potentially lead to broadly applicable and innovative therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Kostantin
- From the Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada, the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Serge Hardy
- From the Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Kompatscher
- the Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- the Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Yevgen Zolotarov
- From the Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada, the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Melissa Landry
- From the Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- From the Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- the Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- the Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Alvin Shrier
- Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- From the Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada, the Departments of Biochemistry and
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Dysregulation of the DNA Damage Response and KMT2A Rearrangement in Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144540. [PMID: 26657054 PMCID: PMC4686171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoposide, a topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) inhibitor, is associated with the development of KMT2A (MLL)-rearranged infant leukemia. An epidemiological study suggested that in utero exposure to TOP2 inhibitors may be involved in generation of KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement. The present study examined the mechanism underlying the development of KMT2A (MLL)-rearranged infant leukemia in response to in utero exposure to etoposide in a mouse model. Fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells were more susceptible to etoposide than maternal bone marrow mononuclear cells. Etoposide-induced Kmt2a breakage was detected in fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells using a newly developed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Assessment of etoposide-induced chromosomal translocation by next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified several chimeric fusion messenger RNAs that were generated by etoposide treatment. However, Kmt2a (Mll)-rearranged fusion mRNA was detected in Atm-knockout mice, which are defective in the DNA damage response, but not in wild-type mice. The present findings suggest that in utero exposure to TOP2 inhibitors induces Kmt2a rearrangement when the DNA damage response is defective.
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Zhang J, Vakhrusheva O, Bandi SR, Demirel Ö, Kazi JU, Fernandes RG, Jakobi K, Eichler A, Rönnstrand L, Rieger MA, Carpino N, Serve H, Brandts CH. The Phosphatases STS1 and STS2 Regulate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Fitness. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:633-46. [PMID: 26365512 PMCID: PMC4624938 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3 and c-KIT are crucial regulators of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We investigated the role of STS1 and STS2 on FLT3 and c-KIT phosphorylation, activity, and function in normal and stress-induced hematopoiesis. STS1/STS2-deficient mice show a profound expansion of multipotent progenitor and lymphoid primed multipotent progenitor cells with elevated colony-forming capacity. Although long-term hematopoietic stem cells are not increased in numbers, lack of STS1 and STS2 significantly promotes long-term repopulation activity, demonstrating a pivotal role of STS1/STS2 in regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fitness. Biochemical analysis identified STS1/STS2 as direct phosphatases of FLT3 and c-KIT. Loss of STS1/STS2 induces hyperphosphorylation of FLT3, enhances AKT signaling, and confers a strong proliferative advantage. Therefore, our study reveals that STS1 and STS2 may serve as novel pharmaceutical targets to improve hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olesya Vakhrusheva
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bandi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramona Gomes Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katja Jakobi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Eichler
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nick Carpino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian H Brandts
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kobayashi M, Chen S, Gao R, Bai Y, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. Phosphatase of regenerating liver in hematopoietic stem cells and hematological malignancies. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2827-35. [PMID: 25486470 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.954448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs), consisting PRL1, PRL2 and PRL3, are dual-specificity protein phosphatases that have been implicated as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in several solid tumors. However, their roles in hematological malignancies are largely unknown. Recent findings demonstrate that PRL2 is important for hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. In addition, both PRL2 and PRL3 are highly expressed in some hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, PRL deficiency impairs the proliferation and survival of leukemia cells through regulating oncogenic signaling pathways. While PRLs are potential novel therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies, their exact biological function and cellular substrates remain unclear. This review will discuss how PRLs regulate hematopoietic stem cell behavior, what signaling pathways are regulated by PRLs, and how to target PRLs in hematological malignancies. An improved understanding of how PRLs function and how they are regulated may facilitate the development of PRL inhibitors that are effective in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- a Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine ; Indianapolis , IN USA
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Foamy viral vector integration sites in SCID-repopulating cells after MGMTP140K-mediated in vivo selection. Gene Ther 2015; 22:591-5. [PMID: 25786870 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Foamy virus (FV) vectors are promising for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy but preclinical data on the clonal composition of FV vector-transduced human repopulating cells is needed. Human CD34(+) human cord blood cells were transduced with an FV vector encoding a methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT)P140K transgene, transplanted into immunodeficient NOD/SCID IL2Rγ(null) mice, and selected in vivo for gene-modified cells. The retroviral insertion site profile of repopulating clones was examined using modified genomic sequencing PCR. We observed polyclonal repopulation with no evidence of clonal dominance even with the use of a strong internal spleen focus forming virus promoter known to be genotoxic. Our data supports the use of FV vectors with MGMTP140K for HSC gene therapy but also suggests additional safety features should be developed and evaluated.
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Dubreuil V, Sap J, Harroch S. Protein tyrosine phosphatase regulation of stem and progenitor cell biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 37:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Quarmyne M, Doan PL, Himburg HA, Yan X, Nakamura M, Zhao L, Chao NJ, Chute JP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-σ regulates hematopoietic stem cell-repopulating capacity. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:177-82. [PMID: 25415437 DOI: 10.1172/jci77866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is regulated by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counterbalance RTK signaling; however, the functions of receptor PTPs in HSCs remain incompletely understood. We found that a receptor PTP, PTPσ, was substantially overexpressed in mouse and human HSCs compared with more mature hematopoietic cells. Competitive transplantation of bone marrow cells from PTPσ-deficient mice revealed that the loss of PTPσ substantially increased long-term HSC-repopulating capacity compared with BM cells from control mice. While HSCs from PTPσ-deficient mice had no apparent alterations in cell-cycle status, apoptosis, or homing capacity, these HSCs exhibited increased levels of activated RAC1, a RhoGTPase that regulates HSC engraftment capacity. shRNA-mediated silencing of PTPσ also increased activated RAC1 levels in wild-type HSCs. Functionally, PTPσ-deficient BM cells displayed increased cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) capacity and augmented transendothelial migration capacity, which was abrogated by RAC inhibition. Specific selection of human cord blood CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁻lin⁻ PTPσ⁻ cells substantially increased the repopulating capacity of human HSCs compared with CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁻lin⁻ cells and CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁻lin⁻PTPσ⁺ cells. Our results demonstrate that PTPσ regulates HSC functional capacity via RAC1 inhibition and suggest that selecting for PTPσ-negative human HSCs may be an effective strategy for enriching human HSCs for transplantation.
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36
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He RJ, Yu ZH, Zhang RY, Zhang ZY. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as potential therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1227-46. [PMID: 25220640 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory process in virtually all aspects of cellular functions. Dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a major cause of human diseases, such as cancers, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. Indeed, protein tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signaling events offer ample therapeutic targets, and drug discovery efforts to date have brought over two dozen kinase inhibitors to the clinic. Accordingly, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are considered next-generation drug targets. For instance, PTP1B is a well-known targets of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and recent studies indicate that it is also a promising target for breast cancer. SHP2 is a bona-fide oncoprotein, mutations of which cause juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and solid tumors. In addition, LYP is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes and many other autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes recent findings on several highly recognized PTP family drug targets, including PTP1B, Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2(SHP2), lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), CD45, Fas associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatases (STEP), mitogen-activated protein kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), phosphatases of regenerating liver-1 (PRL), low molecular weight PTPs (LMWPTP), and CDC25. Given that there are over 100 family members, we hope this review will serve as a road map for innovative drug discovery targeting PTPs.
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Campbell AM, Zhang ZY. Phosphatase of regenerating liver: a novel target for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:555-69. [PMID: 24579927 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.892926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatases of regenerating livers (PRLs) are novel oncogenes that interact with many well-established cell signaling pathways that are misregulated in cancer, and are known to drive cancer metastasis when overexpressed. AREAS COVERED This review covers basic information of the discovery and characteristics of the PRL family. We also report findings on the role of PRL in cancer, cell functions and cell signaling. Furthermore, PRL's suitability as a novel drug target is discussed along with current methods being developed to facilitate PRL inhibition. EXPERT OPINION PRLs show great potential as novel drug targets for anticancer therapeutics. Studies indicate that PRL can perturb major cancer pathways such as Src/ERK1/2 and PTEN/PI3K/Akt. Upregulation of PRLs has also been shown to drive cancer metastasis. However, in order to fully realize its therapeutic potential, a deeper understanding of the function of PRL in normal tissue and in cancer must be obtained. Novel and integrated biochemical, chemical, biological, and genetic approaches will be needed to identify PRL substrate(s) and to provide proof-of-concept data on the druggability of the PRL phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Campbell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , John D. Van Nuys Medical Science Building, Room 4053A, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5126 , USA
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