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Grimes K, Jeong H, Amoah A, Xu N, Niemann J, Raeder B, Hasenfeld P, Stober C, Rausch T, Benito E, Jann JC, Nowak D, Emini R, Hoenicka M, Liebold A, Ho A, Shuai S, Geiger H, Sanders AD, Korbel JO. Cell-type-specific consequences of mosaic structural variants in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1134-1146. [PMID: 38806714 PMCID: PMC11176070 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The functional impact and cellular context of mosaic structural variants (mSVs) in normal tissues is understudied. Utilizing Strand-seq, we sequenced 1,133 single-cell genomes from 19 human donors of increasing age, and discovered the heterogeneous mSV landscapes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. While mSVs are continuously acquired throughout life, expanded subclones in our cohort are confined to individuals >60. Cells already harboring mSVs are more likely to acquire additional somatic structural variants, including megabase-scale segmental aneuploidies. Capitalizing on comprehensive single-cell micrococcal nuclease digestion with sequencing reference data, we conducted high-resolution cell-typing for eight hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Clonally expanded mSVs disrupt normal cellular function by dysregulating diverse cellular pathways, and enriching for myeloid progenitors. Our findings underscore the contribution of mSVs to the cellular and molecular phenotypes associated with the aging hematopoietic system, and establish a foundation for deciphering the molecular links between mSVs, aging and disease susceptibility in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Grimes
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyobin Jeong
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Amanda Amoah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Julian Niemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Raeder
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hasenfeld
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catherine Stober
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bridging Research Division on Mechanisms of Genomic Variation and Data Science, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Benito
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ramiz Emini
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Hoenicka
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Liebold
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anthony Ho
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shimin Shuai
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ashley D Sanders
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan O Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bridging Research Division on Mechanisms of Genomic Variation and Data Science, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Ding Y, Chen ZQ, Pan WF, Chen HJ, Wu M, Lyu YQ, Xie H, Huang YC, Chen ZZ, Chen F. The association and underlying mechanism of the digit ratio (2D:4D) in hypospadias. Asian J Androl 2024:00129336-990000000-00172. [PMID: 38563741 DOI: 10.4103/aja202377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure. However, the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly understood, and its molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, by analyzing the hand digit length of 142 boys with hypospadias (23 distal, 68 middle, and 51 proximal) and 196 controls enrolled in Shanghai Children's Hospital (Shanghai, China) from December 2020 to December 2021, we found that the 2D:4D ratio was significantly increased in boys with hypospadias (P < 0.001) and it was positively correlated with the severity of the hypospadias. This was further verified by the comparison of control mice and prenatal low testosterone mice model obtained by knocking out the risk gene (dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 [DNAH8]) associated with hypospadias. Furthermore, the discrepancy was mainly caused by a shift in 4D. Proteomic characterization of a mouse model validated that low testosterone levels during pregnancy can impair the growth and development of 4D. Comprehensive mechanistic explorations revealed that during the androgen-sensitive window, the downregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) caused by low testosterone levels, as well as the suppressed expression of chondrocyte proliferation-related genes such as Wnt family member 5a (Wnt5a), Wnt5b, Smad family member 2 (Smad2), and Smad3; mitochondrial function-related genes in cartilage such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf-1); and vascular development-related genes such as myosin light chain (MLC), notch receptor 3 (Notch3), and sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), are responsible for the limitation of 4D growth, which results in a higher 2D:4D ratio in boys with hypospadias via decreased endochondral ossification. This study indicates that the ratio of 2D:4D is a risk marker of hypospadias and provides a potential molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zu-Quan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wen-Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao-Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi-Qing Lyu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhong-Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Urogenital Development Research Center, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Clinical Research Center for Hypospadias, Pediatric College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
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3
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Yin Y, Liu Q, Shao Y, He X, Zhu Q, Lu S, Liu P. Regulatory mechanism of androgen receptor on NCAPD3 gene expression in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:26-40. [PMID: 34591337 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) is an essential transcriptional factor that contributes to the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). NCAPD3 is a component of the condensin II complex and plays a critical role in cell mitosis by regulating chromosome condensation; however, the relationship between NCAPD3 and AR remains unknown. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing assay is carried out to analyze the expression of the NCAP family in clinic samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, ChIP assay, and dual-luciferase assay are used to identify the androgen-responsive element in NCAPD3 enhancer. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western-blot assay are employed to check the expression of genes in PCa tissues and in PCa cells. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy analysis is used for identifying the regulation of AR on NCAPD3-mediated chromosome condensation. Colony formation, cell cycle assay, wound healing assay, and transwell experiments are used to explore the regulation of AR on the functions of NCAPD3. In vivo experiment is employed to identify in vitro experimental results. RESULTS NCAPD3 is an androgen/AR axis-targeted gene and is involved in AR-induced PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Androgen treatment and AR overexpression increase the expression of NCAPD3 in PCa cell lines. The canonical exist in the enhancer region of NCAPD3. Androgen/AR axis regulates NCAPD3-invovled chromosome condensation during cell mitosis. CONCLUSIONS Our report demonstrated that NCAPD3 is an androgen-responsive gene and upregulated by androgen/AR axis and involved in AR-promoted progression of PCa, suggesting a potential role of NCAPD3 in the PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yin
- Department of Biochemistry,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Department of Biochemistry,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyuan He
- Department of Biochemistry,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Gorczyca G, Wartalski K, Wiater J, Samiec M, Tabarowski Z, Duda M. Anabolic Steroids-Driven Regulation of Porcine Ovarian Putative Stem Cells Favors the Onset of Their Neoplastic Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111800. [PMID: 34769230 PMCID: PMC8583785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone (Ndn) and boldenone (Bdn), the synthetic testosterone analogues with strong anabolic effects, despite being recognized as potentially carcinogenic compounds, are commonly abused by athletes and bodybuilders, which includes women, worldwide. This study tested the hypothesis that different doses of Ndn and Bdn can initiate neoplastic transformation of porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs). Immunomagnetically isolated poPSCs were expanded ex vivo in the presence of Ndn or Bdn, for 7 and 14 days. Results show that pharmacological doses of both Ndn and Bdn, already after 7 days of poPSCs culture, caused a significant increase of selected, stemness-related markers of cancer cells: CD44 and CD133. Notably, Ndn also negatively affected poPSCs growth not only by suppressing their proliferation and mitochondrial respiration but also by inducing apoptosis. This observation shows, for the first time, that chronic exposure to Ndn or Bdn represents a precondition that might enhance risk of poPSCs neoplastic transformation. These studies carried out to accomplish detailed molecular characterization of the ex vivo expanded poPSCs and their potentially cancerous derivatives (PCDs) might be helpful to determine their suitability as nuclear donor cells (NDCs) for further investigations focused on cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Such investigations might also be indispensable to estimate the capabilities of nuclear genomes inherited from poPSCs and their PCDs to be epigenetically reprogrammed (dedifferentiated) in cloned pig embryos generated by SCNT. This might open up new possibilities for biomedical research aimed at more comprehensively recognizing genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying not only tumorigenesis but also reversal/retardation of pro-tumorigenic intracellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gorczyca
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kamil Wartalski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice near Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Zbigniew Tabarowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.D.)
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5
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Nicholas TR, Metcalf SA, Greulich BM, Hollenhorst PC. Androgen signaling connects short isoform production to breakpoint formation at Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab033. [PMID: 34409300 PMCID: PMC8364332 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) encodes a multifunctional protein that can cooperate with the transcription factor ERG to promote prostate cancer. The EWSR1 gene is also commonly involved in oncogenic gene rearrangements in Ewing sarcoma. Despite the cancer relevance of EWSR1, its regulation is poorly understood. Here we find that in prostate cancer, androgen signaling upregulates a 5′ EWSR1 isoform by promoting usage of an intronic polyadenylation site. This isoform encodes a cytoplasmic protein that can strongly promote cell migration and clonogenic growth. Deletion of an Androgen Receptor (AR) binding site near the 5′ EWSR1 polyadenylation site abolished androgen-dependent upregulation. This polyadenylation site is also near the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint hotspot, and androgen signaling promoted R-loop and breakpoint formation. RNase H overexpression reduced breakage and 5′ EWSR1 isoform expression suggesting an R-loop dependent mechanism. These data suggest that androgen signaling can promote R-loops internal to the EWSR1 gene leading to either early transcription termination, or breakpoint formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Nicholas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Stephanie A Metcalf
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greulich
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Peter C Hollenhorst
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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6
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Combined Naïve Bayesian, Chemical Fingerprints and Molecular Docking Classifiers to Model and Predict Androgen Receptor Binding Data for Environmentally- and Health-Sensitive Substances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136695. [PMID: 34206613 PMCID: PMC8267747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many chemicals that enter the environment, food chain, and the human body can disrupt androgen-dependent pathways and mimic hormones and therefore, may be responsible for multiple diseases from reproductive to tumor. Thus, modeling and predicting androgen receptor activity is an important area of research. The aim of the current study was to find a method or combination of methods to predict compounds that can bind to and/or disrupt the androgen receptor, and thereby guide decision making and further analysis. A stepwise procedure proceeded from analysis of protein structures from human, chimp, and rat, followed by docking and subsequent ligand, and statistics based techniques that improved classification gradually. The best methods used multivariate logistic regression of combinations of chimpanzee protein structural docking scores, extended connectivity fingerprints, and naïve Bayesians of known binders and non-binders. Combination or consensus methods included data from a variety of procedures to improve the final model accuracy.
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7
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Zhao N, Wang F, Ahmed S, Liu K, Zhang C, Cathcart SJ, DiMaio DJ, Punsoni M, Guan B, Zhou P, Wang S, Batra SK, Bronich T, Hei TK, Lin C, Zhang C. Androgen Receptor, Although Not a Specific Marker For, Is a Novel Target to Suppress Glioma Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616625. [PMID: 34094902 PMCID: PMC8175980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting androgen receptor (AR) has been shown to be promising in treating glioblastoma (GBM) in cell culture and flank implant models but the mechanisms remain unclear. AR antagonists including enzalutamide are available for treating prostate cancer patients in clinic and can pass the blood-brain barrier, thus are potentially good candidates for GBM treatment but have not been tested in GBM orthotopically. Our current studies confirmed that in patients, a majority of GBM tumors overexpress AR in both genders. Enzalutamide inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Although confocal microscopy demonstrated that AR is expressed but not specifically in glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) (CD133+), enzalutamide treatment significantly decreased CSC population in cultured monolayer cells and spheroids, suppressed tumor sphere-forming capacity of GBM cells, and downregulated CSC gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We have, for the first time, demonstrated that enzalutamide treatment decreased the density of CSCs in vivo and improved survival in an orthotopic GBM mouse model. We conclude that AR antagonists potently target glioma CSCs in addition to suppressing the overall proliferation of GBM cells as a mechanism supporting their repurposing for clinical applications treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sahara J Cathcart
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Dominick J DiMaio
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michael Punsoni
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tatiana Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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8
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Fantone S, Tossetta G, Montironi R, Senzacqua M, Marzioni D, Mazzucchelli R. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and its receptor (CNTFRα) signal through MAPK/ERK pathway in human prostate tissues: a morphological and biomolecular study. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 33131268 PMCID: PMC7586252 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a member of interleukin-6 type cytokine family. The CNTF receptor complex is a heterodimer including gp130 and CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) proteins triggering the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways including AKT/PI3K, MAPK/ERK and Jak/STAT pathways. At present no data are available on the localization of CNTF and CNTFRα in prostate as well as on the role of CNTF in this organ. In this study we have analyzed the localization of CNTF and CNTFRα by immunohistochemistry and we have used PWR-1E cell line as a model for normal glandular cell to investigate the role of this cytokine. Our results show that CNTF and CNTFRa are expressed in the staminal compart of the prostate and that CNTF selectively inhibits ERK pathway. In conclusion, we suggest that CNTF could be considered as key molecule to maintenance epithelium homeostasis via pERK downregulation by an autocrine mechanism. Further CNTF studies in prostate cancer could be useful to verify the potential role of this cytokine in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona.
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona.
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona.
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona.
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona.
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona.
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9
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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10
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Ben-Batalla I, Vargas-Delgado ME, von Amsberg G, Janning M, Loges S. Influence of Androgens on Immunity to Self and Foreign: Effects on Immunity and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1184. [PMID: 32714315 PMCID: PMC7346249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that sex hormones can directly and indirectly influence immune cell function. Different studies support a suppressive role of androgens on different components of the immune system by decreasing antibody production, T cell proliferation, NK cytotoxicity, and stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Androgen receptors have also been detected in many different cells of hematopoietic origin leading to direct effects of their ligands on the development and function of the immune system. The immunosuppressive properties of androgens could contribute to gender dimorphisms in autoimmune and infectious disease and thereby also hamper immune surveillance of tumors. Consistently, females generally are more prone to autoimmunity, while relatively less susceptible to infections, and have lower incidence and mortality of the majority of cancers compared to males. Some studies show that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can induce expansion of naïve T cells and increase T-cell responses. Emerging clinical data also reveal that ADT might enhance the efficacy of various immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of androgens and their receptors in the immune responses in the context of different diseases. A particular focus will be on cancer, highlighting the effect of androgens on immune surveillance, tumor biology and on the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies including emerging immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ben-Batalla
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - María Elena Vargas-Delgado
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Janning
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation of the System-Level Molecular Mechanisms of the Hematopoietic Activity of Samul-Tang, a Traditional Korean Herbal Formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9048089. [PMID: 32104198 PMCID: PMC7040423 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9048089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process of the continuous production of diverse blood cell types to meet the body's physiological demands and involves complex regulation of multiple cellular mechanisms in hematopoietic stem cells, including proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. Disruption of the hematopoietic system is known to cause various hematological disorders such as myelosuppression. There is growing evidence on the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on hematopoiesis; however, their mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a network pharmacological-based investigation of the system-level mechanisms underlying the hematopoietic activity of Samul-tang, which is an herbal formula consisting of four herbal medicines, including Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Cnidii Rhizoma. In silico analysis of the absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion model identified 16 active phytochemical compounds contained in Samul-tang that may target 158 genes/proteins associated with myelosuppression to exert pharmacological effects. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the targets of Samul-tang were significantly enriched in multiple pathways closely related to the hematopoiesis and myelosuppression development, including the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, IL-17, TNF, FoxO, HIF-1, NF-kappa B, and p53 signaling pathways. Our study provides novel evidence regarding the system-level mechanisms underlying the hematopoiesis-promoting effect of herbal medicines for hematological disorder treatment.
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12
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Agriesti F, Tataranni T, Pacelli C, Scrima R, Laurenzana I, Ruggieri V, Cela O, Mazzoccoli C, Salerno M, Sessa F, Sani G, Pomara C, Capitanio N, Piccoli C. Nandrolone induces a stem cell-like phenotype in human hepatocarcinoma-derived cell line inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2287. [PMID: 32041983 PMCID: PMC7010785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone is a testosterone analogue with anabolic properties commonly abused worldwide, recently utilized also as therapeutic agent in chronic diseases, cancer included. Here we investigated the impact of nandrolone on the metabolic phenotype in HepG2 cell line. The results attained show that pharmacological dosage of nandrolone, slowing cell growth, repressed mitochondrial respiration, inhibited the respiratory chain complexes I and III and enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Intriguingly, nandrolone caused a significant increase of stemness-markers in both 2D and 3D cultures, which resulted to be CxIII-ROS dependent. Notably, nandrolone negatively affected differentiation both in healthy hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, nandrolone administration in mice confirmed the up-regulation of stemness-markers in liver, spleen and kidney. Our observations show, for the first time, that chronic administration of nandrolone, favoring maintenance of stem cells in different tissues would represent a precondition that, in addition to multiple hits, might enhance risk of carcinogenesis raising warnings about its abuse and therapeutic utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agriesti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tataranni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania - A.O.U. "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", via S. Sofia, 87 - Sector 10, Building B - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania - A.O.U. "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", via S. Sofia, 87 - Sector 10, Building B - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy.
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13
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Li S, Goncalves KA, Lyu B, Yuan L, Hu GF. Chemosensitization of prostate cancer stem cells in mice by angiogenin and plexin-B2 inhibitors. Commun Biol 2020; 3:26. [PMID: 31942000 PMCID: PMC6962460 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an obstacle in cancer therapy and are a major cause of drug resistance, cancer recurrence, and metastasis. Available treatments, targeting proliferating cancer cells, are not effective in eliminating quiescent CSCs. Identification of CSC regulators will help design therapeutic strategies to sensitize drug-resistant CSCs for chemo-eradication. Here, we show that angiogenin and plexin-B2 regulate the stemness of prostate CSCs, and that inhibitors of angiogenin/plexin-B2 sensitize prostate CSCs to chemotherapy. Prostate CSCs capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation with a single cell inoculation were identified and shown to be regulated by angiogenin/plexin-B2 that promotes quiescence and self-renewal through 5S ribosomal RNA processing and generation of the bioactive 3′-end fragments of 5S ribosomal RNA, which suppress protein translation and restrict cell cycling. Monoclonal antibodies of angiogenin and plexin-B2 decrease the stemness of prostate CSCs and sensitize them to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Shuping Li et al. show that angiogenin and its receptor plexin-B2 regulate the stemness of prostate cancer stem cells. Monoclonal antibodies of angiogenin and plexin-B2 sensitize prostate cancer stem cells to chemotherapy, highlighting the targeting potential of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Goncalves
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baiqing Lyu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Yuan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Chen JF, Lin PW, Tsai YR, Yang YC, Kang HY. Androgens and Androgen Receptor Actions on Bone Health and Disease: From Androgen Deficiency to Androgen Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111318. [PMID: 31731497 PMCID: PMC6912771 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are not only essential for bone development but for the maintenance of bone mass. Therefore, conditions with androgen deficiency, such as male hypogonadism, androgen-insensitive syndromes, and prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy are strongly associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Here we summarize the skeletal effects of androgens—androgen receptors (AR) actions based on in vitro and in vivo studies from animals and humans, and discuss bone loss due to androgens/AR deficiency to clarify the molecular basis for the anabolic action of androgens and AR in bone homeostasis and unravel the functions of androgen/AR signaling in healthy and disease states. Moreover, we provide evidence for the skeletal benefits of androgen therapy and elucidate why androgens are more beneficial than male sexual hormones, highlighting their therapeutic potential as osteoanabolic steroids in improving bone fracture repair. Finally, the application of selective androgen receptor modulators may provide new approaches for the treatment of osteoporosis and fractures as well as building stronger bones in diseases dependent on androgens/AR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Pei-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- An-Ten Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8898)
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15
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Howard N, Clementino M, Kim D, Wang L, Verma A, Shi X, Zhang Z, DiPaola RS. New developments in mechanisms of prostate cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Chen C, Tian Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Nan L, Dai P, Gao Y, Zheng S, Liu W, Zhang Y. Testosterone propionate can promote effects of acellular nerve allograft-seeded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on repairing canine sciatic nerve. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1685-1701. [PMID: 31267700 DOI: 10.1002/term.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral human nerves fail to regenerate across long tube implants (>2 cm), and tissue-engineered nerve grafts represent a promising treatment alternative. The present study aims to investigate the testosterone propionate (TP) repair effect of acellular nerve allograft (ANA) seeded with allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on 3-cm canine sciatic nerve defect. ANA cellularized with allogeneic BMSCs was implanted to the defect, and TP was injected into the lateral crus of the defected leg. The normal group, the autograft group, the ANA + BMSCs group, the ANA group, and the nongrafted group were used as control. Five months postoperatively, dogs in the TP + ANA + BMSCs group were capable of load bearing, normal walking, and skipping, the autograft group and the ANA + BMSCs group demonstrated nearly the same despite a slight limp. The compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) on the injured side to the uninjured site in the TP + ANA + BMSCs group were significantly higher than that in the ANA + BMSCs group [CMAPs ratio at A: F(3, 20) = 191.40; 0.02, CMAPs ratio at B: F(3, 20) = 43.27; 0.01]. Masson trichrome staining revealed that in the TP + ANA + BMSCs group, both the diameter ratio of the myelinated nerve and the thickness ratio of regenerated myelin sheath were significantly larger than that in the other groups [the diameter of myelinated nerve fibers: F(3, 56) = 13.45; P < .01, the thickness ratio of regenerated myelin sheath: F(3, 56) = 51.25; P < .01]. In conclusion, TP could significantly increase the repairing effects of the ANA + BMSCs group, and their combination was able to repair 3-cm canine sciatic nerve defect. It therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangliang Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pengxiu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongping Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Sex steroid hormone modulation of neural stem cells: a critical review. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 31146782 PMCID: PMC6543604 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While numerous in vivo experiments have sought to explore the effects of sex chromosome composition and sex steroid hormones on cellular proliferation and differentiation within the mammalian brain, far fewer studies as reviewed here, have explored these factors using a direct in vitro approach. Generally speaking, in vivo studies provide the gold standard to demonstrate applicable findings in regards to the role hormones play in development. However, in the case of neural stem cell (NSC) biology, there remain many unknown factors that likely contribute to observations made within the developed brain, specifically in regions where there are abundant sex steroid hormone receptors. For these reasons, using a NSC in vitro model may provide a more controlled and refined system to explore the direct effects of sex and hormone response, limiting the vast array of other influences on NSCs occurring during development and within adult cellular niches. These specific cellular models may have the ability to greatly improve the mechanistic understanding of changes occurring within the developing brain during the hormonal organization process, in addition to other modifications that may contribute to neuro-psychiatric sex-biased diseases.
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18
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Elbadry MI, Mizumaki H, Hosokawa K, Espinoza JL, Nakagawa N, Chonabayashi K, Yoshida Y, Katagiri T, Hosomichi K, Zaimoku Y, Imi T, Nguyen MAT, Fujii Y, Tajima A, Ogawa S, Takenaka K, Akashi K, Nakao S. Escape hematopoiesis by HLA-B5401-lacking hematopoietic stem progenitor cells in men with acquired aplastic anemia. Haematologica 2019; 104:e447-e450. [PMID: 30890597 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.210856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Elbadry
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hiroki Mizumaki
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Hosokawa
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriharu Nakagawa
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takamasa Katagiri
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Zaimoku
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Imi
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mai Anh Thi Nguyen
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Youichi Fujii
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto., Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto., Japan.,Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Hematology/Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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19
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Bongiovanni L, Caposano F, Romanucci M, Grieco V, Malatesta D, Brachelente C, Massimini M, Benazzi C, Thomas RE, Salda LD. Survivin and Sox9: Potential Stem Cell Markers in Canine Normal, Hyperplastic, and Neoplastic Canine Prostate. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:200-207. [PMID: 30131013 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818794161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Canine prostatic carcinoma is a relevant model for human prostatic carcinoma. Survivin is proposed as a biomarker of malignancy in human prostatic cancer. Sox9 is a stem cell marker required for prostate development and expressed in several adult tissues. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the patterns and expression levels of 2 putative stem cell markers, survivin and Sox9, in canine benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma to investigate their potential as stem cell markers. Immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies was performed on 3 samples of normal prostate gland, 18 samples of canine BPH, and 16 samples of prostatic carcinoma. The basal cell layer of normal and hyperplastic prostatic lobules had nuclear Sox9 immunolabeling and nuclear and rarely cytoplasmic survivin immunostaining, identifying them as potential stem cell markers. Significantly more frequent survivin and Sox9 expression (≥10% of nuclei) was observed in prostatic carcinoma as compared with BPH. The potential coexpression of survivin with Sox9, androgen receptor, and p63 was also investigated in selected BPH and prostatic carcinoma cases with immunofluorescence, and a partial colocalization was observed. Results indicate that Sox9 and survivin could be considered markers of stemness in canine prostate cells. Given its role in proliferation, cells in the basal cell layer with nuclear survivin expression are likely to be transit-amplifying cells that maintain some stem cell proprieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bongiovanni
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Valeria Grieco
- 3 Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- 4 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Benazzi
- 5 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachel E Thomas
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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Jiang L, Shan J, Shen J, Wang Y, Yan P, Liu L, Zhao W, Xu Y, Zhu W, Su L, Chen J, Cheng F, Yao H, Xu H, Qian C, Liang Z. Androgen/androgen receptor axis maintains and promotes cancer cell stemness through direct activation of Nanog transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36814-36828. [PMID: 27167111 PMCID: PMC5095041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and malignant cancers. The HCC incidence gets a strong sexual dimorphism as men are the major sufferers in this disaster. Although several studies have uncovered the presentative correlation between the axis of androgen/androgen receptor (AR) and HCC incidence, the mechanism is still largely unknown. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subgroup of cancer cells contributing to multiple tumors malignant behaviors, which play an important role in oncogenesis of various cancers including HCC. However, whether androgen/AR axis involves in regulation of HCC cells stemness remains unclear. Our previous study had identified that the pluripotency factor Nanog is not only a stemness biomarker, but also a potent regulator of CSCs in HCC. In this study, we revealed androgen/AR axis can promote HCC cells stemness by transcriptional activation of Nanog expression through directly binding to its promoter. In HCC tissues, we found that AR expression was abnormal high and got correlation with Nanog. Then, by labeling cellular endogenous Nanog with green fluorescent protein (GFP) through CRISPR/Cas9 system, it verified the co-localization of AR and Nanog in HCC cells. With in vitro experiments, we demonstrated the axis can promote HCC cells stemness, which effect is in a Nanog-dependent manner and through activating its transcription. And the xenografted tumor experiments confirmed the axis effect on tumorigenesis facilitation in vivo. Above all, we revealed a new sight of androgen/AR axis roles in HCC and provided a potential way for suppressing the axis in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Cheng
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huicheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhou P, Li X, Xu X, Shi Q, Li D, Ju X. Effect of testosterone and hypoxia on the expansion of umbilical cord blood CD34 + cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4467-4475. [PMID: 29067121 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Successfully expanding hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is advantageous for clinical HSC transplantation. The present study investigated the influence of testosterone on the proliferation, antigen phenotype and expression of hematopoiesis-related genes in umbilical cord blood-derived cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells under normoxic or hypoxia conditions. Cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells were separated using magnetic activated cell sorting. A cytokine cocktail and feeder cells were used to stimulate the expansion of CD34+ cells under normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 7 days and testosterone was added accordingly. Cells were identified using flow cytometry and reconstruction capacity was determined using a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. The effects of oxygen concentration and testosterone on the expression of hematopoietic-related genes, including homeobox (HOX)A9, HOXB2, HOXB4, HOXC4 and BMI-1, were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the number of CFUs and total cells in the testosterone group increased under normoxic and hypoxic conditions compared with the corresponding control groups. Furthermore, the presence of testosterone increased the number of CFU-erythroid colonies. In liquid culture, the growth of CD34+ cells was rapid under normoxic conditions compared with under hypoxic conditions, however CD34+ cells were maintained in an undifferentiated state under hypoxic conditions. The addition of testosterone under hypoxia promoted the differentiation of CD34+ cells into CD34+CD38+CD71+ erythroid progenitor cells. Furthermore, it was determined that the expression of hematopoietic-related genes was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the hypoxia testosterone group compared with the other groups. Therefore, the results of the current study indicate that a combination of hypoxia and testosterone may be a promising cultivation condition for HSC/hemopoietic progenitor cell expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuejing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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22
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Di Zazzo E, Galasso G, Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Di Santi A, Cernera G, Rossi V, Abbondanza C, Moncharmont B, Sinisi AA, Castoria G, Migliaccio A. Prostate cancer stem cells: the role of androgen and estrogen receptors. Oncotarget 2016; 7:193-208. [PMID: 26506594 PMCID: PMC4807992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men, and androgen deprivation therapy still represents the primary treatment for prostate cancer patients. This approach, however, frequently fails and patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is almost untreatable. Cancer cells are characterized by a hierarchical organization, and stem/progenitor cells are endowed with tumor-initiating activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that prostate cancer stem cells lack the androgen receptor and are, indeed, resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. In contrast, these cells express classical (α and/or β) and novel (GPR30) estrogen receptors, which may represent new putative targets in prostate cancer treatment. In the present review, we discuss the still-debated mechanisms, both genomic and non-genomic, by which androgen and estradiol receptors (classical and novel) mediate the hormonal control of prostate cell stemness, transformation, and the continued growth of prostate cancer. Recent preclinical and clinical findings obtained using new androgen receptor antagonists, anti-estrogens, or compounds such as enhancers of androgen receptor degradation and peptides inhibiting non-genomic androgen functions are also presented. These new drugs will likely lead to significant advances in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Santi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gustavo Cernera
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Agostino Sinisi
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Diseases, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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23
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Sammour I, Somashekar S, Huang J, Batlahally S, Breton M, Valasaki K, Khan A, Wu S, Young KC. The Effect of Gender on Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Efficacy in Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164269. [PMID: 27711256 PMCID: PMC5053475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improve alveolar and vascular structures in experimental models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Female MSC secrete more anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors as compared to male MSC. Whether the therapeutic efficacy of MSC in attenuating lung injury in an experimental model of BPD is influenced by the sex of the donor MSC or recipient is unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that female MSC would have greater lung regenerative properties than male MSC in experimental BPD and this benefit would be more evident in males. Objective To determine whether intra-tracheal (IT) administration of female MSC to neonatal rats with experimental BPD has more beneficial reparative effects as compared to IT male MSC. Methods Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to normoxia (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day (P) 2- P21 were randomly assigned to receive male or female IT bone marrow (BM)-derived green fluorescent protein (GFP+) MSC (1 x 106 cells/50 μl), or Placebo on P7. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), vascular remodeling, alveolarization, and angiogenesis were assessed at P21. PH was determined by measuring right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and pulmonary vascular remodeling was evaluated by quantifying the percentage of muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels. Alveolarization was evaluated by measuring mean linear intercept (MLI) and radial alveolar count (RAC). Angiogenesis was determined by measuring vascular density. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, and analyzed by ANOVA. Results There were no significant differences in the RA groups. Exposure to hyperoxia resulted in a decrease in vascular density and RAC, with a significant increase in MLI, RVSP, and the percentage of partially and fully muscularized pulmonary arterioles. Administration of both male and female MSC significantly improved vascular density, alveolarization, RVSP, percent of muscularized vessels and alveolarization. Interestingly, the improvement in PH and vascular remodeling was more robust in the hyperoxic rodents who received MSC from female donors. In keeping with our hypothesis, male animals receiving female MSC, had a greater improvement in vascular remodeling. This was accompanied by a more significant decrease in lung pro-inflammatory markers and a larger increase in anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic markers in male rodents that received female MSC. There were no significant differences in MSC engraftment among groups. Conclusions Female BM-derived MSC have greater therapeutic efficacy than male MSC in reducing neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung inflammation and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of female MSC were more pronounced in male animals. Together, these findings suggest that female MSC maybe the most potent BM-derived MSC population for lung repair in severe BPD complicated by PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sammour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Santhosh Somashekar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sunil Batlahally
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Breton
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Krystalenia Valasaki
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Aisha Khan
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Karen C. Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Olsen JR, Azeem W, Hellem MR, Marvyin K, Hua Y, Qu Y, Li L, Lin B, Ke XS, Øyan AM, Kalland KH. Context dependent regulatory patterns of the androgen receptor and androgen receptor target genes. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:377. [PMID: 27378372 PMCID: PMC4932678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the androgen receptor (AR) is associated with androgen-dependent proliferation arrest and terminal differentiation of normal prostate epithelial cells. Additionally, activation of the AR is required for survival of benign luminal epithelial cells and primary cancer cells, thus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to apoptosis in both benign and cancerous tissue. Escape from ADT is known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In the course of CRPC development the AR typically switches from being a cell-intrinsic inhibitor of normal prostate epithelial cell proliferation to becoming an oncogene that is critical for prostate cancer cell proliferation. A clearer understanding of the context dependent activation of the AR and its target genes is therefore desirable. METHODS Immortalized human prostate basal epithelial EP156T cells and progeny cells that underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), primary prostate epithelial cells (PrECs) and prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, VCaP and 22Rv1 were used to examine context dependent restriction and activation of the AR and classical target genes, such as KLK3. Genome-wide gene expression analyses and single cell protein analyses were applied to study the effect of different contexts. RESULTS A variety of growth conditions were tested and found unable to activate AR expression and transcription of classical androgen-dependent AR target genes, such as KLK3, in prostate epithelial cells with basal cell features or in mesenchymal type prostate cells. The restriction of androgen- and AR-dependent transcription of classical target genes in prostate basal epithelial cells was at the level of AR expression. Exogenous AR expression was sufficient for androgen-dependent transcription of AR target genes in prostate basal epithelial cells, but did not exert a positive feedback on endogenous AR expression. Treatment of basal prostate epithelial cells with inhibitors of epigenetic gene silencing was not efficient in inducing androgen-dependent transcription of AR target genes, suggesting the importance of missing cofactor(s). CONCLUSIONS Regulatory mechanisms of AR and androgen-dependent AR target gene transcription are insufficiently understood and may be critical for prostate cancer initiation, progression and escape from standard therapy. The present model is useful for the study of context dependent activation of the AR and its transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roger Olsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,, Laboratory Bld. 5. etg, Bergen Health, Bergen, NO-5021, Norway.
| | - Waqas Azeem
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kristo Marvyin
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yaping Hua
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisha Li
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xi- Song Ke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Karl- Henning Kalland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. .,, Laboratory Bld. 5. etg, Bergen Health, Bergen, NO-5021, Norway.
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25
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Abstract
The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes are also likely to be important. In this Opinion article, we focus on the complex interplay that sex hormones and sex chromosomes can have in intrinsic control of cancer-initiating cell populations, the tumour microenvironment and systemic determinants of cancer development, such as the immune system and metabolism. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes could be of substantial value for cancer prevention as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Elisa Cora
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Yosra Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
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26
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Handle F, Erb HHH, Luef B, Hoefer J, Dietrich D, Parson W, Kristiansen G, Santer FR, Culig Z. SOCS3 Modulates the Response to Enzalutamide and Is Regulated by Androgen Receptor Signaling and CpG Methylation in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:574-85. [PMID: 27053681 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The proinflammatory cytokine IL6 is associated with bad prognosis in prostate cancer and implicated in progression to castration resistance. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is an IL6-induced negative feedback regulator of the IL6/Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 pathway. This study reveals that the SOCS3 promoter is hypermethylated in cancerous regions compared with adjacent benign tissue in prostate cancer using methylation-specific qPCR. A series of in vitro experiments was performed to assess the functional impact of low SOCS3 expression during anti-androgen treatment. Using lentivirus-mediated knockdown, it was demonstrated for the first time that SOCS3 regulates IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in androgen receptor-positive LNCaP cells. In addition, SOCS3 mRNA is upregulated by the anti-androgens bicalutamide and enzalutamide. This effect is caused by androgen receptor-mediated suppression of IL6ST and JAK1 expression, which leads to altered STAT3 signaling. Functionally, knockdown of SOCS3 led to enhanced androgen receptor activity after 3 weeks of enzalutamide treatment in an inflammatory setting. Furthermore, the stemness/self-renewal associated genes SOX2 and NANOG were strongly upregulated by the long-term treatment, and modulation of SOCS3 expression was sufficient to counteract this effect. These findings prove that SOCS3 plays an important role during anti-androgen treatment in an inflammatory environment. IMPLICATIONS SOCS3 is frequently inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancer, which disrupts the feedback regulation of IL6 signaling and leads to reduced efficacy of enzalutamide in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Mol Cancer Res; 14(6); 574-85. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Handle
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Holger H H Erb
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Yorkshire Cancer Research Unit, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Luef
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Hoefer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Frédéric R Santer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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27
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Xie Y, Bayakhmetov S. PIM1 kinase as a promise of targeted therapy in prostate cancer stem cells. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 4:13-17. [PMID: 26835011 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the last decade, the PIM family serine/threonine kinases have become a focus in cancer research. Numerous clinical data supports that overexpression of PIM1 is associated with tumor formation in various tissues. However, little is known regarding the function of PIM1 in cancer stem cells. In cancer cells, PIM1 has essential roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell survival and multiple drug resistance. In stem cells, PIM1 kinase exhibits a significant function in stem cell proliferation, self-renewal and expansion. Thus, PIM1 shows a great promise in cancer therapy by targeting stem cells. Furthermore, it is imperative to investigate Pim-1 targeting in cancer stem cells by applicable inhibitors for improving future outcomes. The present review investigated the potential of PIM1 as a therapy target in prostate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Samat Bayakhmetov
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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28
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Stojkovic R, Ivankovic S, Ivankovic D, Attias L, Mantovani A, Fucic A. Testosterone-induced micronuclei and increased nuclear division rate in L929 cell line expressing the androgen receptor. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1021-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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29
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Barrault C, Garnier J, Pedretti N, Cordier-Dirikoc S, Ratineau E, Deguercy A, Bernard FX. Androgens induce sebaceous differentiation in sebocyte cells expressing a stable functional androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 152:34-44. [PMID: 25864624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgens act through non-genomic and androgen receptor (AR)-dependent genomic mechanisms. AR is expressed in the sebaceous gland and the importance of androgens in the sebaceous function is well established. However, the in vitro models used to date have failed to evidence a clear genomic effect (e.g., modification of gene expression profile) of androgens on human sebocyte cells. In order to study the impact of active androgens in sebocytes, we constructed a stable human sebocyte cell line derived from SEBO662 [17] constitutively expressing a fully functional AR. In these SEBO662 AR+ cells, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced AR nuclear translocation and the strong modulation of a set of transcripts (RASD1, GREB1...) known to be androgen-sensitive in other androgenic cells and tissues. Moreover, we observed that DHT precociously down-regulated markers for immature follicular cells (KRT15, TNC) and for hair lineage (KRT75, FST) and up-regulated the expression of genes potentially related to sebocyte differentiation (MUC1/EMA, AQP3, FADS2). These effects were fully confirmed at the protein level. In addition, DHT-stimulated SEBO662 AR+, cultured in a low-calcium defined keratinocyte medium without serum or any complement, neosynthesize lipids, including sebum lipids, and store increased amounts of triglycerides in lipid droplets. DHT also induces morphological changes, increases cell size, and treatments over 7 days lead to a time-dependent increase in the population of apoptotic DNA-fragmented cells. Taken together, these results show for the first time that active androgens alone can engage immature sebocytes in a clear lipogenic differentiation process (Graphical abstract). These effects depend on the expression of a functional AR in these cells. This model should be of interest for revisiting the mechanisms of the sebaceous function in vitro and for the design of relevant pharmacological models for drug or compound testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Garnier
- BIOalternatives, 1 bis rue des Plantes, 86160 Gençay, France.
| | | | | | | | - Alain Deguercy
- BIOalternatives, 1 bis rue des Plantes, 86160 Gençay, France.
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30
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Lin Z, Peng R, Li Z, Wang Y, Lu C, Shen Y, Wang J, Shi G. 17-ABAG, a novel geldanamycin derivative, inhibits LNCaP-cell proliferation through heat shock protein 90 inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:424-32. [PMID: 26059743 PMCID: PMC4501661 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. In 2014, there were an estimated 233,000 new cases and 29,480 mortalities in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy, also called androgen suppression therapy, targets androgen signaling and remains the standard treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer; however, responses to treatment are not durable and most patients advance to castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies to treat prostate cancer are urgently required. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a chaperone protein that has been shown to regulate the progression of tumor cells. Numerous Hsp90 inhibitors show anti-tumor activity and several of them have entered clinical trials. Geldanamycin (GA) was identified as the first Hsp90 inhibitor, but shows hepatotoxicity at its effective concentrations, limiting its clinical use. In previous studies by our group, the GA derivative 17-ABAG was designed and synthesized. The present study showed that 17-ABAG inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of LNCaP, an androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, in vitro through a classic apoptotic pathway. 17-ABAG also downregulated the Hsp90 client protein and inhibited androgen receptor nuclear localization in LNCaP cells. In addition, 17-ABAG suppressed the growth of LNCaP xenograft tumors without any obvious side-effects. The present study demonstrated that 17-ABAG is a promising anti-tumor agent and warrants further validation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ruixian Peng
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Shi
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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17-DMCHAG, a new geldanamycin derivative, inhibits prostate cancer cells through Hsp90 inhibition and survivin downregulation. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Koong LY, Watson CS. Rapid, nongenomic signaling effects of several xenoestrogens involved in early- vs. late-stage prostate cancer cell proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4161/23273747.2014.995003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Y Koong
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, TX USA
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Androgen receptor and immune inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:935-950. [PMID: 26594314 DOI: 10.4155/cli.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are frequent diseases in middle-aged to elderly men worldwide. While both diseases are linked to abnormal growth of the prostate, the epidemiological and pathological features of these two prostate diseases are different. BPH nodules typically arise from the transitional zone, and, in contrast, PCa arises from the peripheral zone. Androgen deprivation therapy alone may not be sufficient to cure these two prostatic diseases due to its undesirable side effects. The alteration of androgen receptor-mediated inflammatory signals from infiltrating immune cells and prostate stromal/epithelial cells may play key roles in those unwanted events. Herein, this review will focus on the roles of androgen/androgen receptor signals in the inflammation-induced progression of BPH and PCa.
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