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Yang Q, Xu Y, Bin X, Chan KP, Chen S, Qian Z, Yao Y, Yuan XL, Qiu K, Huang Y, Ng TK. Combined treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells and green tea extract on retinal ganglion cell regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109787. [PMID: 38211683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal loss cause irreversible vision loss upon optic nerve (ON) injury. We have independently demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and green tea extract (GTE) promote RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury. Here we aimed to evaluate the combined treatment effect of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) and GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ON injury. Combined treatment of hBM-MSCs and GTE promoted RGC survival and neurite outgrowth/axonal regeneration in ex vivo retinal explant culture and in rats after ON injury. GTE increased Stat3 activation in the retina after combined treatment, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion from hBM-MSCs. Treatment of 10 μg/mL GTE would not induce hBM-MSC apoptosis, but inhibited their proliferation, migration, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro with reducing matrix metalloproteinase secretions. In summary, this study revealed that GTE can enhance RGC protective effect of hBM-MSCs, suggesting that stem cell priming could be a prospective strategy enhancing the properties of stem cells for ON injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Bin
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Palacka K, Hermankova B, Javorkova E, Zajicova A, Holan V. Impaired Immunomodulatory Properties of the Retina from the Inflammatory Environment of the Damaged Eye. Inflammation 2023; 46:2320-2331. [PMID: 37581762 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The retina represents a highly specialized structure with the primary function to capture a light signal and to convert it into electrical impulses. Any damage or disease of the retina can cause visual impairment. Since retinal degenerative diseases are generally associated with immune cell infiltration, a local inflammatory reaction, and cytokine burn, there is a need for mechanisms to prevent the retina from damage by a deleterious immune reaction. In this study, we show that mouse retinal explants co-cultivated with stimulated spleen cells, inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the activation of T cells, and suppress the production of cytokines interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and interferon-[Formula: see text]. The immunoregulatory properties of the retina were mainly mediated by a paracrine effect since retinal explants, separated by a semipermeable membrane, or supernatants obtained after the cultivation of retinal explants, inhibited the reactivity of immune cells. A model of retinal damage was established by the application of sodium iodate which selectively destroys photoreceptors, as it was demonstrated by a decrease in the number of rhodopsin-positive cells. This process was accompanied by increased infiltration of the retina with cells of the immune system and by a local inflammatory reaction. The pharmacologically damaged retina had significantly decreased the ability to inhibit T cell activation and production of cytokines by immune cells. Overall, the results showed that the retina possesses immunoregulatory properties and inhibits the activation and functions of T cells. However, the immunomodulatory properties of the retina are decreased if the retina is damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Palacka
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hermankova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Javorkova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zajicova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ling Q, Liang JJ, Chen S, Chen CB, Ng TK, Huang Y. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220760. [PMID: 38027227 PMCID: PMC10668113 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-adherent culture is critical for the transdifferentiation of stem cells from mesoderm to neuroectoderm. Sphere culture has been reported to directly induce the adipose tissue cells to neural stem cells. Here we aimed to evaluate continuous non-adherent culture on the transdifferentiation potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into retinal lineage. Human ASCs were induced into retinal lineage by the treatment of noggin, dickkopf-related protein 1, and IGF-1 (NDI) under adherent and non-adherent culture. The NDI induction treatment with the adherent culture for 21 days promoted robust expression of retinal markers in the induced ASCs as compared to those without NDI induction on the adherent culture. With continuous non-adherent culture for 21 days, human ASCs could highly express retinal marker genes even without NDI induction treatment as compared to those on the adherent culture. The combination of continuous non-adherent culture with the NDI induction did not show a significant upregulation of the retinal marker expression as compared to either NDI induction with the adherent culture or continuous non-adherent culture without NDI induction treatment. In summary, both non-adherent culture and NDI induction medium could independently promote the transdifferentiation of human ASCs into retinal lineage. Yet, their combination did not produce an enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Ling
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Niknam Z, Zali H, Mostafavi E. Therapeutic Potential of Oral-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Retinal Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2709-2723. [PMID: 37733198 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The retina has restricted regeneration ability to recover injured cell layer because of reduced production of neurotrophic factors and increased inhibitory molecules against axon regrowth. A diseased retina could be regenerated by repopulating the damaged tissue with functional cell sources like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The cells are able to release neurotrophic factors (NFs) to boost axonal regeneration and cell maintenance. In the current study, we comprehensively explore the potential of various types of stem cells (SCs) from oral cavity as promising therapeutic options in retinal regeneration. The oral MSCs derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) which explains their broad neural differentiation potential and secret rich NFs. They are comprised of dental pulp SCs (DPSCs), SCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), SCs from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament-derived SCs (PDLSCs), gingival MSCs (GMSCs), and dental follicle SCs (DFSCs). The Oral MSCs are becoming a promising source of cells for cell-free or cell-based therapeutic approach to recover degenerated retinal. These cells have various mechanisms of action in retinal regeneration including cell replacement and the paracrine effect. It was demonstrated that they have more neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on retinal cells than immediate replacement of injured cells in retina. This could be the reason that their therapeutic effects would be weakened over time. It can be concluded that neuronal and retinal regeneration through these cells is most likely due to their NFs that dramatically suppress oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Although, oral MSCs are attractive therapeutic options for retinal injuries, more preclinical and clinical investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Xing WB, Wu ST, Wang XX, Li FY, Wang RX, He JH, Fu J, He Y. Potential of dental pulp stem cells and their products in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and their future applications. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:960-978. [PMID: 37970238 PMCID: PMC10631371 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i10.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) seriously affects people's quality of life. Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI. Dental stem cells, particularly dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), are adult pluripotent stem cells derived from the neuroectoderm. DPSCs have significant potential in the field of neural tissue engineering due to their numerous advantages, such as easy isolation, multidifferentiation potential, low immunogenicity, and low transplant rejection rate. DPSCs are extensively used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including for the treatment of sciatic nerve injury, facial nerve injury, spinal cord injury, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews research related to DPSCs and their advantages in treating PNI, aiming to summarize the therapeutic potential of DPSCs for PNI and the underlying mechanisms and providing valuable guidance and a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fen-Yao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ji-Hui He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Stomatology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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Cen LP, Park KK, So KF. Optic nerve diseases and regeneration: How far are we from the promised land? Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:627-641. [PMID: 37317890 PMCID: PMC10519420 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the sole output neurons that connect information from the retina to the brain. Optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, trauma, inflammation, ischemia and hereditary optic neuropathy can cause RGC loss and axon damage, and lead to partial or total loss of vision, which is an irreversible process in mammals. The accurate diagnoses of optic neuropathies are crucial for timely treatments to prevent irrevocable RGCs loss. After severe ON damage in optic neuropathies, promoting RGC axon regeneration is vital for restoring vision. Clearance of neuronal debris, decreased intrinsic growth capacity, and the presence of inhibitory factors have been shown to contribute to the failure of post-traumatic CNS regeneration. Here, we review the current understanding of manifestations and treatments of various common optic neuropathies. We also summarise the current known mechanisms of RGC survival and axon regeneration in mammals, including specific intrinsic signalling pathways, key transcription factors, reprogramming genes, inflammation-related regeneration factors, stem cell therapy, and combination therapies. Significant differences in RGC subtypes in survival and regenerative capacity after injury have also been found. Finally, we highlight the developmental states and non-mammalian species that are capable of regenerating RGC axons after injury, and cellular state reprogramming for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Cen
- Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Joint Shantou International Eye Centre of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kevin K. Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kowk-Fai So
- Guangzhou-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Hospital of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
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Ng TK, Chu KO, Wang CC, Pang CP. Green Tea Catechins as Therapeutic Antioxidants for Glaucoma Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37507860 PMCID: PMC10376590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment, affecting more than 80 million individuals worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation-induced neurodegenerative insults to retinal ganglion cells are the main pathogenesis of glaucoma. Retinal ganglion cells, the retinal neurons transmitting the visual signals to the visual cortex in the brain, have very limited regeneration or recovery capacity after damages. Apart from intraocular pressure-lowering treatments, there is still no clinically effective treatment to rescue the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. Dietary antioxidants are easily accessible and can be applied as supplements assisting in the clinical treatments. Catechins, a chemical family of flavonoids, are the phenolic compounds found in many plants, especially in green tea. The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of green tea catechins in vitro and in vivo have been well proven. They could be a potential treatment ameliorating retinal ganglion cell degeneration in glaucoma. In this review, the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic properties of green tea catechins were summarized. Research updates on the biological effects of green tea catechins in cellular and animal experimental glaucoma models were reviewed. In addition, clinical potentials of green tea catechins for glaucoma treatment were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Yuan XL, Chen SL, Xu Y, Yao Y, Liang JJ, Zhuang X, Hald ES, Ng TK. Green tea extract enhances retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats with optic nerve injury. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109333. [PMID: 36965783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical treatments have not yet effectively cured progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal degeneration after optic nerve (ON) injury. We previously demonstrated green tea extract (GTE) can reduce RGC death in rats after ischemic injury. Here, we aim to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury. GTE (275 or 550 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically for 7 d before or 14 d post-ON crush surgery in adult Fischer 344 rats. Rats with pre- or post-operative treatment of 275 mg/kg GTE showed significantly higher numbers of RGCs and regenerated axons post-ON injury with improved pupillary light reflex as compared to saline-treated rats. Akt and Erk p42/44 activation was higher in the retina of rats given 275 mg/kg GTE pre-surgery, whereas Stat3 activation was higher in those with 275 mg/kg GTE post-operation. Less activated microglia were observed in rats with pre-treatment of 275 or 550 mg/kg GTE. RNA sequencing analysis identified the downregulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and microglia activation genes in the retina of rats with pre- or post-treatment with 275 mg/kg GTE as compared to the saline-treated rats. In summary, this study revealed the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment effects of GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury, indicating a potential alternative treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eric S Hald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Siyanaki MRH, Azab MA, Lucke-Wold B. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: Update on Management. ENCYCLOPEDIA 2023; 3:88-101. [PMID: 36718432 PMCID: PMC9884099 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy is one of the causes of visual loss caused by blunt or penetrating head trauma and is classified as both direct and indirect. Clinical history and examination findings usually allow for the diagnosis of traumatic optic neuropathy. There is still controversy surrounding the management of traumatic optic neuropathy; some physicians advocate observation alone, while others recommend steroid therapy, surgery, or both. In this entry, we tried to highlight traumatic optic neuropathy's main pathophysiologic mechanisms with the most available updated treatment. Recent research suggests future therapies that may be helpful in traumatic optic neuropathy cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed A. Azab
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Radmand F, Baseri M, Farsadbakhsh M, Azimi A, Dizaj SM, Sharifi S. A Novel Perspective on Tissue Engineering Potentials of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e221006-2021-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to completely and predictably regenerate the missing periodontal tissues caused by the trauma or disease. To regenerate the periodontium, there is a need to consider several aspects that co-occur with periodontal development. This study provides an overview of the most up-to-date investigations on the characteristics and immunomodulatory features of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) and the recent interventions performed using these cells, focusing on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Keeping in mind the relationship between age and potency of PDLSCs, this work also demonstrates the necessity of establishing dental-derived stem cell banks for tissue regeneration applications. The data were collected from Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords of periodontal ligament stem cells, tissue engineering, characteristics, and stem cell therapy. The results showed the presence of wide-ranging research reports supporting the usability of PDLSCs for periodontal reconstruction. However, a better understanding of self-restoration for adequate regulation of adult stem cell growth is needed for various applied purposes.
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11
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Neural Regeneration in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: An Overview and Current Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415492. [PMID: 36555133 PMCID: PMC9779866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases are the most common dental diseases. The traditional treatment is root canal therapy, which achieves satisfactory therapeutic outcomes-especially for mature permanent teeth. Apexification, pulpotomy, and pulp revascularization are common techniques used for immature permanent teeth to accelerate the development of the root. However, there are obstacles to achieving functional pulp regeneration. Recently, two methods have been proposed based on tissue engineering: stem cell transplantation, and cell homing. One of the goals of functional pulp regeneration is to achieve innervation. Nerves play a vital role in dentin formation, nutrition, sensation, and defense in the pulp. Successful neural regeneration faces tough challenges in both animal studies and clinical trials. Investigation of the regeneration and repair of the nerves in the pulp has become a serious undertaking. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the key stem cells, signaling molecules, and biomaterials that could promote neural regeneration as part of pulp regeneration. We also discuss the challenges in preclinical or clinical neural regeneration applications to guide deep research in the future.
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Li Y, Li F. Mechanism and Prospect of Gastrodin in Osteoporosis, Bone Regeneration, and Osseointegration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1432. [PMID: 36422561 PMCID: PMC9698149 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin, a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, is widely used to treat vascular and neurological diseases. However, recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that gastrodin has anti-osteoporosis effects, and its mechanisms of action include its antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect. In addition, gastrodin has many unique advantages in promoting bone healing in tissue engineering, such as inducing high hydrophilicity in the material surface, its anti-inflammatory effect, and pro-vascular regeneration. Therefore, this paper summarized the effects and mechanisms of gastrodin on osteoporosis and bone regeneration in the current research. Here we propose an assumption that the use of gastrodin in the surface loading of oral implants may greatly promote the osseointegration of implants and increase the success rate of implants. In addition, we speculated on the potential mechanisms of gastrodin against osteoporosis, by affecting actin filament polymerization, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and ferroptosis, and proposed that the potential combination of gastrodin with Mg2+, angiotensin type 2 receptor blockers or artemisinin may greatly inhibit osteoporosis. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for more in-depth research and application of gastrodin in the treatment of osteoporosis and implant osseointegration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fenglan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
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13
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Yang YP, Hsiao YJ, Chang KJ, Foustine S, Ko YL, Tsai YC, Tai HY, Ko YC, Chiou SH, Lin TC, Chen SJ, Chien Y, Hwang DK. Pluripotent Stem Cells in Clinical Cell Transplantation: Focusing on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived RPE Cell Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213794. [PMID: 36430270 PMCID: PMC9696562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), represent valuable cell sources to replace diseased or injured tissues in regenerative medicine. iPSCs exhibit the potential for indefinite self-renewal and differentiation into various cell types and can be reprogrammed from somatic tissue that can be easily obtained, paving the way for cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine. Cell therapies using various iPSC-derived cell types are now evolving rapidly for the treatment of clinical diseases, including Parkinson's disease, hematological diseases, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, and retinal diseases. Since the first interventional clinical trial with autologous iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was accomplished in Japan, several preclinical trials using iPSC suspensions or monolayers have been launched, or are ongoing or completed. The evolution and generation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-universal iPSCs may facilitate the clinical application of iPSC-based therapies. Thus, iPSCs hold great promise in the treatment of multiple retinal diseases. The efficacy and adverse effects of iPSC-based retinal therapies should be carefully assessed in ongoing and further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Jung Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shania Foustine
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ko
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Tai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (D.-K.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2875-2121 (D.-K.H.)
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (D.-K.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2875-2121 (D.-K.H.)
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14
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Yao Y, Xu Y, Liang JJ, Zhuang X, Ng TK. Longitudinal and simultaneous profiling of 11 modes of cell death in mouse retina post-optic nerve injury. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109159. [PMID: 35753433 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is a critical pathological trigger leading to irreversible visual impairment and blindness after optic nerve (ON) injury. Yet, there is still no effective clinical treatment to rescue RGC death after ON injury. Understanding the involvement of different modes of cell death post-ON injury could facilitate the development of targeting treatments against RGC death. Herein we aimed to characterize the regulation of 11 modes of cell death simultaneously and longitudinally in mouse retina post-ON injury. The number of RGCs gradually decreased from Day 3-14 in mice post-ON injury. Increase in the apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), autolysis (cleaved cathespin B) and pyroptosis (cleaved caspase-1) marker expression in the retina began at Day 3 post-ON injury. Meanwhile, the markers for autophagy (Atg7 and Becn1) and phagocytosis (Mfge8 and Mertk) were downregulated from Day 1 to Day 5. Additionally, the expression of ferroptosis marker (4-hydroxynonenal) was upregulated from Day 7 to Day 14 post-ON injury following the early reduction of Gpx4. Yet, the reduction of parthanatos, sarmoptosis, and mitochondrial permeable transition could be related to autophagy and apoptosis. The markers for necroptosis did not show significant changes post-ON injury. In summary, this study revealed that the activation of apoptosis, autolysis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, together with the early downregulation of autophagy and phagocytosis, are the major modes of cell death involved in the RGC death post-ON injury. Simultaneously targeting multiple modes of cell death at different time courses could be a potential treatment approach against RGC death for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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15
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Fattahi R, Niknam Z, Aliashrafi M, Khakpour Naeimi S, Gilanchi S, Zali H. Periodontal ligament stem cells as a promising therapeutic target for neural damage. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:273. [PMID: 35729595 PMCID: PMC9210648 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The damaged neuronal cells of adult mammalian lack the regenerative ability to replace the neuronal connections. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the promising source for neuroregenerative applications that can improve the injured microenvironment of the damaged neural system. They provide neuronal progenitors and neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory factors. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively explore the various neuronal differentiation potentials of PDLSCs for application in neural regeneration therapy. MAIN TEXT PDLSCs have superior potential to differentiate into various neural-like cells through a dedifferentiation stage followed by differentiation process without need for cell division. Diverse combination of nutritional factors can be used to induce the PDLSCs toward neural lineage. PDLSCs when coupled with biomaterials could have significant implications for neural tissue repair. PDLSCs can be a new clinical research target for Alzheimer's disease treatment, multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. Moreover, PDLSCs have beneficial effects on retinal ganglion cell regeneration and photoreceptor survival. PDLSCs can be a great source for the repair of injured peripheral nerve through the expression of several neural growth factors and differentiation into Schwann cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these cells are an appealing source for utilizing in clinical treatment of the neuropathological disorders. Although significant in vitro and in vivo investigations were carried out in order for neural differentiation evaluation of these cells into diverse types of neurons, more preclinical and clinical studies are needed to elucidate their therapeutic potential for neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Fattahi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Aliashrafi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Gilanchi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Dong Z, Wu L, Zhao L. A concise review of the orofacial mesenchymal stromal cells as a novel therapy for neurological diseases and injuries. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:775-787. [PMID: 35716051 DOI: 10.1002/term.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Orofacial mesenchymal stromal cells (OFMSCs) are mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the oral and facial regions, which possess typical mesenchymal stromal cell features such as self-renewing, multilineage differentiation, and immunoregulatory properties. Recently, increasing studies have been carried out on the neurotrophic and neuroregenerative properties of OFMSCs as well as their potential to treat neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize the current evidence and discuss the prospects regarding the therapeutic potential of OFMSCs as a new approach to treat different neurological diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Dong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Zhu T, Huang X, Peng S, Ye Y, Zhao J. Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction Promotes the Therapeutic Effect of HUMSC Transplantation on Glaucoma-Caused Optic Nerve Injury in Rabbits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 35575776 PMCID: PMC9123505 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUMSC) transplantation alone or assisted with ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) on optic neuropathy in a novel and practical model of experimental glaucoma in rabbits. Methods Eight New Zealand white healthy rabbits were used as the control group (group A). Twenty-four experimental glaucomatous rabbits were established as described previously and randomly divided into three groups: (1) received no treatment (group B); (2) received intravitreal transplantation of HUMSCs (group C); and (3) received UTMD-assisted intravitreal transplantation of HUMSCs (group D). After 4 weeks of treatment, the distribution of HUMSCs, retinal thickness, layer structure, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and their axons were examined. Results After 4 weeks of treatment, HUMSCs were successfully scattered under the retina. HUMSC transplantation significantly increased the regeneration of RGCs and their axons, and restored the retinal structure in glaucomatous rabbits. Moreover, the application of UTMD enhances HUMSC distribution and achieved more significant therapeutic effect. Conclusions Intravitreal transplantation of HUMSCs effectively repaired glaucomatous optic nerve injury, and UTMD enhanced the successful delivery of HUMSCs into injured retina, promoting its therapeutic effects remarkably. Translational Relevance This study demonstrated that HUMSC transplantation repaired the glaucoma-caused nerve injury significantly and the combination of UTMD can augment the therapeutic effect further, which has important clinical guiding significance for the development of therapeutic strategies of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Zhu
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Optometry, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaosheng Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Optometry, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiming Peng
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Optometry, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Ye
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Optometry, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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18
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Gholami L, Khorsandi K, Taghdiri Nooshabadi V, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Esfahani H, Rabiei Faradonbeh D, Veisi Malekshahi Z, Afsartala Z, Mostafa N. Effect of Photobiomodulation on Structure and Function of Extracellular Vesicle Secreted from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1447-1458. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of periodontics, Dental Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Canada
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center Yara Institute ACECR Tehran Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC 20037 USA
| | - Vajihe Taghdiri Nooshabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Science Iran
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - HomaSadat Esfahani
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center Yara Institute ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Davood Rabiei Faradonbeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zohreh Afsartala
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Nesrine Mostafa
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Canada
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19
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Feng Q. Gastrodin attenuates lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells through enhancing sirtuin3 expression. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:296. [PMID: 35340880 PMCID: PMC8931632 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Xingyi People's Hospital, Xingyi, Guizhou 562400, P.R. China
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20
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Irfan M, Kim JH, Druzinsky RE, Ravindran S, Chung S. Complement C5aR/LPS-induced BDNF and NGF modulation in human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2042. [PMID: 35132159 PMCID: PMC8821590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells with the ability to differentiate into a variety of cells and secrete nerve regeneration factors have become an emerging option in nerve regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) appear to be a good candidate for nerve regeneration given their accessibility, neural crest origin, and neural repair qualities. We have recently demonstrated that the complement C5a system, which is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue regeneration, is activated by lipoteichoic acid-treated pulp fibroblasts, and governs the production of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF). This BDNF secretion promotes neurite outgrowth towards the injury site. Here, we extend our observation to DPSCs and compare their neurogenic ability to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) under inflammatory stimulation. Our ELISA and immunostaining data demonstrate that blocking the C5a receptor (C5aR) reduced BDNF production in DPSCs, while treatment with C5aR agonist increased the BDNF expression, which suggests that C5aR has a positive regulatory role in the BDNF modulation of DPSCs. Inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment potentiated this effect and is C5aR dependent. Most important, DPSCs produced significantly higher levels of C5aR-mediated BDNF compared to BM-MSCs. Taken together, our data reveal novel roles for C5aR and inflammation in modulation of BDNF and NGF in DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert E Druzinsky
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Seung Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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21
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Tan S, Yao Y, Yang Q, Yuan XL, Cen LP, Ng TK. Diversified Treatment Options of Adult Stem Cells for Optic Neuropathies. Cell Transplant 2022; 31. [PMID: 36165292 PMCID: PMC9523835 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies refer to a group of ocular disorders with abnormalities or dysfunction of the optic nerve, sharing a common pathophysiology of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal loss. RGCs, as the retinal neurons in the central nervous system, show limited capacity in regeneration or recovery upon diseases or after injuries. Critically, there is still no effective clinical treatment to cure most types of optic neuropathies. Recently, stem cell therapy was proposed as a potential treatment strategy for optic neuropathies. Adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, have been applied in clinical trials based on their neuroprotective properties. In this article, the applications of adult stem cells on different types of optic neuropathies and the related mechanisms will be reviewed. Research updates on the strategies to enhance the neuroprotective effects of human adult stem cells will be summarized. This review article aims to enlighten the research scientists on the diversified functions of adult stem cells and consideration of adult stem cells as a potential treatment for optic neuropathies in future clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Tan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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22
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Yang Y, Chen SL, Xu Y, Yao Y, Liang JJ, Wang L, Jhanji V, Sun X, Ma D, Ng TK. Green Tea Catechins Attenuate Human Primary Pterygium Cell Survival and Migration Via Modulation of ERK p42/p44 and p38 Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12209-12218. [PMID: 34610737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pterygium belongs to an ocular surface disease with triangular-shaped hyperplastic growth, characterized by conjunctivalization, inflammation, and connective tissue remodeling. We previously demonstrated neoplastic-like properties of pterygium cells. Green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been shown to possess antitumorigenic properties; herein, we aimed to determine the effects of green tea catechins on human primary pterygium cell survival and migration and compared to that on patients' conjunctival cells. Both human primary pterygium and conjunctival cells expressed EGCG receptor, the 67 kDa laminin receptor. Seven-day treatment of green tea extract (Theaphenon E; 16.25 μg/mL) and EGCG (25 μM) attenuated pterygium cell proliferation by 16.78% (p < 0.001) and 24.09% (p < 0.001) respectively, without significantly influencing conjunctival cells. Moreover, green tea extract (16.25 μg/mL) and EGCG (25 μM) treatments also hindered pterygium cell migration by 35.22% (p < 0.001) and 25.20% (p = 0.019), respectively, but not conjunctival cells. Yet, green tea extract and EGCG treatments did not significantly induce pterygium cell apoptosis. Furthermore, green tea extract and EGCG treatments significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38 protein but reduced the phosphorylation of p42/p44 protein in pterygium cells. In summary, this study revealed that green tea extract and EGCG attenuated human primary pterygium cell survival and migration in vitro without damaging conjunctival cells, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic approach for primary pterygium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di Ma
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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23
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Nicoară SD, Brie I, Jurj A, Sorițău O. The Future of Stem Cells and Their Derivates in the Treatment of Glaucoma. A Critical Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011077. [PMID: 34681739 PMCID: PMC8540760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the clinical translation of preclinical studies, especially those that have used stem cells in the treatment of glaucoma, with an emphasis on optic nerve regeneration. The studies referred to in the review aim to treat optic nerve atrophy, while cell therapies targeting other sites in the eye, such as the trabecular meshwork, have not been addressed. Such complex and varied pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to glaucoma may explain the fact that although stem cells have a high capacity of neuronal regeneration, the treatments performed did not have the expected results and the promise offered by animal studies was not achieved. By analyzing the facts associated with failure, important lessons are to be learned: the type of stem cells that are used, the route of administration, the selection of patients eligible for these treatments, additional therapies that support stem cells transplantation and their mode of action, methods of avoiding the host’s immune response. Many of these problems could be solved using exosomes (EV), but also miRNA, which allows more targeted approaches with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Delia Nicoară
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, 3–5 Clinicilor Street, 40006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-264592771
| | - Ioana Brie
- “Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Ancuța Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Olga Sorițău
- “Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (O.S.)
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Wu YR, Hashiguchi T, Sho J, Chiou SH, Takahashi M, Mandai M. Transplanted Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells Integrate and Form Synapses in a Retinal Ganglion Cell-Depleted Mouse Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34705025 PMCID: PMC8556558 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) transplantation is a therapeutic approach to replace irreversibly degenerated RGCs in diseases such as glaucoma. However, the application of primary RGCs is limited by the availability of tissues. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether transplanted mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived RGCs can integrate into the host retina and form cell connectivity with host cells. Methods In this study, we prepared small retinal fragments containing RGC as THY1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+ cells from mESCs and placed them near the retinal surface in the air-injected mouse eyes with or without N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced RGC depletion. After transplantation, THY1-EGFP+ cell integration was observed in whole-mounts and with immunostaining for synaptic markers. Results Transplanted THY1-EGFP+ cells survived for 12 weeks and extended neurites into the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the host retina. Presumptive synapse formation was identified between grafted RGCs and host bipolar cells. The ratio of transplanted eyes with integration of THY1-EGFP+ neurites in the host IPL was higher in RGC-injured mice compared with healthy controls. Conclusions This report shows the potential for therapeutic use of pluripotent cell–derived RGCs by grafting the cells in healthy conditions and with an appropriate technical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Wu
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tomoyo Hashiguchi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junki Sho
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Vision Care Cell Therapy, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5586523. [PMID: 34539934 PMCID: PMC8448597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.
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26
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Cen LP, Ng TK, Liang JJ, Xu C, Zhuang X, Liu YF, Chen SL, Xu Y, Yang Q, Yuan XL, Qin YJ, Chan SO, Chen H, Zhang M, Schally AV, Pang CP. Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone enhances retinal ganglion cell protection induced by macrophages after optic nerve injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e1920834118. [PMID: 34244423 PMCID: PMC8285901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920834118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies are leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness, currently affecting more than 100 million people worldwide. Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies attributed to progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We have previously demonstrated an increase in survival of RGCs by the activation of macrophages, whereas the inhibition of macrophages was involved in the alleviation on endotoxin-induced inflammation by antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Herein, we hypothesized that GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) signaling could be involved in the survival of RGCs mediated by inflammation. We found the expression of GHRH-R in RGCs of adult rat retina. After optic nerve crush, subcutaneous application of GHRH agonist MR-409 or antagonist MIA-602 promoted the survival of RGCs. Both the GHRH agonist and antagonist increased the phosphorylation of Akt in the retina, but only agonist MR-409 promoted microglia activation in the retina. The antagonist MIA-602 reduced significantly the expression of inflammation-related genes Il1b, Il6, and Tnf Moreover, agonist MR-409 further enhanced the promotion of RGC survival by lens injury or zymosan-induced macrophage activation, whereas antagonist MIA-602 attenuated the enhancement in RGC survival. Our findings reveal the protective effect of agonistic analogs of GHRH on RGCs in rats after optic nerve injury and its additive effect to macrophage activation, indicating a therapeutic potential of GHRH agonists for the protection of RGCs against optic neuropathies especially in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Fen Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yong Jie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136;
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Liu YF, Liang JJ, Ng TK, Hu Z, Xu C, Chen S, Chen SL, Xu Y, Zhuang X, Huang S, Zhang M, Pang CP, Cen LP. CXCL5/CXCR2 modulates inflammation-mediated neural repair after optic nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113711. [PMID: 33785307 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that mild inflammation promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve (ON) injury with involvement of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils. Here we aimed to evaluate the involvement and regulation of the main inflammatory chemokine pathway CXCL5/CXCR2 in the inflammation-mediated RGC survival and axonal regeneration in mice after ON injury. METHODS The expressions and cellular locations of CXCL5 and CXCR2 were confirmed in mouse retina. Treatment effects of recombinant CXCL5 and CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 were studied in the explant culture and the ON injury model with or without lens injury. The number of RGCs, regenerating axons, and inflammatory cells were determined, and the activation of Akt andSTAT3 signaling pathways were evaluated. RESULTS Cxcr2 and Cxcl5 expressions were increased after ON and lens injury. Addition of recombinant CXCL5 promoted RGC survival and neurite outgrowth in retinal explant culture with increase in the number of activated microglia, which was inhibited by SB225002 or clodronate liposomes. Recombinant CXCL5 also alleviated RGC death and promoted axonal regeneration in mice after ON injury, and promoted the lens injury-induced RGC protection with increase in the number of activated CD68+ cells. SB225002 inhibited lens injury-induced cell infiltration and activation, and attenuated the promotion effect on RGC survival and axonal regeneration through reduction of lens injury-induced Akt activation. CONCLUSIONS CXCL5 promotes RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ON injury and further enhances RGC protection induced by lens injury with CD68+ cell activation, which is attenuated by CXCR2 antagonist. CXCL5/CXCR2 could be a potential therapeutic target for RGC survival promotion after ON injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhanchi Hu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Liang JJ, Liu YF, Ng TK, Xu CY, Zhang M, Pang CP, Cen LP. Peritoneal macrophages attenuate retinal ganglion cell survival and neurite outgrowth. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1121-1126. [PMID: 33269759 PMCID: PMC8224139 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical pathophysiological process that modulates neuronal survival in the central nervous system after disease or injury. However, the effects and mechanisms of macrophage activation on neuronal survival remain unclear. In the present study, we co-cultured adult Fischer rat retinas with primary peritoneal macrophages or zymosan-treated peritoneal macrophages for 7 days. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that peritoneal macrophages reduced retinal ganglion cell survival and neurite outgrowth in the retinal explant compared with the control group. The addition of zymosan to peritoneal macrophages attenuated the survival and neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells. Conditioned media from peritoneal macrophages also reduced retinal ganglion cell survival and neurite outgrowth. This result suggests that secretions from peritoneal macrophages mediate the inhibitory effects of these macrophages. In addition, increased inflammation- and oxidation-related gene expression may be related to the enhanced retinal ganglion cell degeneration caused by zymosan activation. In summary, this study revealed that primary rat peritoneal macrophages attenuated retinal ganglion cell survival and neurite outgrowth, and that macrophage activation further aggravated retinal ganglion cell degeneration. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China, on March 11, 2014 (approval no. EC20140311(2)-P01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Fen Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ci-Yan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Correspondence to: Ling-Ping Cen,
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Shi Y, Ye D, Huang R, Xu Y, Lu P, Chen H, Huang J. Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 Reduces Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cells Apoptosis via CREB-Bcl-2 Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:23. [PMID: 33104163 PMCID: PMC7594594 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Irreversible retina ganglion cell (RGC) loss is a key process during glaucoma progression. Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) has been shown to have protective effects against neuronal death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of DSCR1 on RGCs. Methods DBA/2J mice and optic nerve crush (ONC) rat model were used for vivo assays. Oxidative stress model of primary RGCs was carried out with in vitro transduction. DSCR1 protein localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. Differential protein expression was validated by Western blot, and gene expression was detected by real-time PCR. TUNEL was used to identify cell apoptosis, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to analyze cell viability. Results Significant upregulation of DSCR1 was observed in DBA/2J mice, ONC rat model, and RGCs treated with H2O2, reaching peaks at the age of 6 months in DBA/2J mice, 5 days after ONC in rats, and 24 hours after H2O2 treatment in RGCs, respectively. DSCR1 was shown to be expressed in the ganglion cell layer. In vitro, overexpressed DSCR1 significantly promoted phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and RGC survival rate while reducing cleaved caspase 3 expression in H2O2-treated RGCs. On the other hand, the opposite effects were shown after knockdown of DSCR1. In addition, silencing of CREB inhibited expression of DSCR1. Conclusions Our results suggested that DSCR1 might protect the RGCs against oxidative stress via the CREB–Bcl-2 pathway, which may provide a theoretical basis for future treatments of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Xiang Y, Chen J, Xu F, Lin Z, Xiao J, Lin Z, Lin H. Longtime Vision Function Prediction in Childhood Cataract Patients Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Images. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:646479. [PMID: 33748090 PMCID: PMC7973224 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.646479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of visual prediction reflect the tendency and speed of visual development during a future period, based on which ophthalmologists and guardians can know the potential visual prognosis in advance, decide on an intervention plan, and contribute to visual development. In our study, we developed an intelligent system based on the features of optical coherence tomography images for long-term prediction of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 3 and 5 years in advance. Two hundred eyes of 132 patients were included. Six machine learning algorithms were applied. In the BCVA predictions, small errors within two lines of the visual chart were achieved. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) between the prediction results and ground truth were 0.1482–0.2117 logMAR for 3-year predictions and 0.1198–0.1845 logMAR for 5-year predictions; the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 0.1916–0.2942 logMAR for 3-year predictions and 0.1692–0.2537 logMAR for 5-year predictions. This is the first study to predict post-therapeutic BCVAs in young children. This work establishes a reliable method to predict prognosis 5 years in advance. The application of our research contributes to the design of visual intervention plans and visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Rong R, Wang M, You M, Li H, Xia X, Ji D. Pathogenesis and prospects for therapeutic clinical application of noncoding RNAs in glaucoma: Systematic perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7097-7116. [PMID: 33634475 PMCID: PMC8451868 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are an increasingly studied class of RNA molecules with extensive biological activities, including important roles in human development, health, and disease. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina, and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. However, the specific roles of ncRNAs in the development and progression of glaucoma are unclear, and related reports are fragmented. An in‐depth understanding of ncRNAs participating in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma would be helpful for opening up new avenues to facilitate the early diagnosis and clinical treatment. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to discuss the current research progress, the potentialfuture clinical applications and the research limitations of three critical classes of ncRNAs in glaucoma, namely microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengling You
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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32
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Yang Q, Leong SA, Chan KP, Yuan XL, Ng TK. Complex effect of continuous curcumin exposure on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell regenerative properties through matrix metalloproteinase regulation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:141-153. [PMID: 32777138 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been reported to be beneficial for cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, based on its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-tumorigenic and neuroprotective properties. With its high-dose application, curcumin toxicity to systemic tissues is a reasonable concern. Here, we report the responses of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to continuous curcumin exposure. hBM-MSCs were treated with 0.01-100 μmol/L curcumin continuously in vitro for 7 days. 25 μmol/L curcumin or above significantly attenuated hBM-MSC maintenance, whereas 10 μmol/L curcumin reduced hBM-MSC proliferation and hindered their migration with increasing cell apoptosis. Besides, 5 μmol/L curcumin treatment inhibited hBM-MSC adipogenic differentiation, but enhanced osteogenic differentiation, which depended on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression and activity. Furthermore, curcumin treatment reduced MMP1 expression but up-regulated the immunomodulatory gene IDO1 expression. In summary, this study revealed the complex effects of continuous curcumin exposure on hBM-MSC maintenance and regenerative properties through MMP regulation. Given the complex effects of curcumin, its use for biomedical purposes should be carefully considered in treatment length and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Samantha Antonio Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Tae JY, Lee H, Lee H, Song Y, Park JB. Morphological stability, cellular viability and stem cell marker expression of three-dimensional cultures of stem cells from bone marrow and periodontium. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 33235724 PMCID: PMC7678627 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphology, cellular viability and stem cell marker expression of three-dimensional cultures of bone marrow and gingiva-derived stem cells in different ratios. Stem cell spheroids were made with bone marrow and gingiva-derived stem cells using ratios of 6:0 (Group 1), 4:2 (Group 2), 3:3 (Group 3), 2:4 (Group 4) and 0:6 (Group 5), respectively. The viability of cell spheroids was analyzed using a Live/Dead kit assay and a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Total RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of Nanog and β-actin in each group. Stem cell spheroids were well formed in silicone elastomer-based concave microwells with different ratios of bone marrow and gingiva-derived stem cells. The shape of the spheroids and their viability were maintained throughout the entirety of the experimental procedure. Statistically significant increases in spheroid diameters were noted in Groups 4 and 5 on day 1 when compared with Group 1 on day 1. There was a significant increase in the cell viability values seen in Group 3 on day 1 when compared with Group 1 on day 1. Highest levels of Nanog expression was seen in Group 3 on day 10, but the increase was not significant when compared with Group 1 on day 1. Co-culturing with higher ratios of gingiva-derived stem cells produced stem cell spheroids with larger diameters and increased cellular viability. This co-culture technique may be used in stem cell therapy with allogenic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Tae
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Song
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Capacity of Retinal Ganglion Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Suppress T-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217831. [PMID: 33105725 PMCID: PMC7660053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are impaired in patients such as those with glaucoma and optic neuritis, resulting in permanent vision loss. To restore visual function, development of RGC transplantation therapy is now underway. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an important source of RGCs for human allogeneic transplantation. We therefore analyzed the immunological characteristics of iPSC-derived RGCs (iPSC-RGCs) to evaluate the possibility of rejection after RGC transplantation. We first assessed the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on iPSC-RGCs using immunostaining, and then evaluated the effects of iPSC-RGCs to activate lymphocytes using the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and iPSC-RGC co-cultures. We observed low expression of HLA class I and no expression of HLA class II molecules on iPSC-RGCs. We also found that iPSC-RGCs strongly suppressed various inflammatory immune cells including activated T-cells in the MLR assay and that transforming growth factor-β2 produced by iPSC-RGCs played a critical role in suppression of inflammatory cells in vitro. Our data suggest that iPSC-RGCs have low immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive capacity on lymphocytes. Our study will contribute to predicting immune attacks after RGC transplantation.
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Koh K, Park M, Bae ES, Duong VA, Park JM, Lee H, Lew H. UBA2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of R28 retinal precursor cells from hypoxia by extracellular vesicles derived from placental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 33008487 PMCID: PMC7532108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for intractable optic nerve disorders characterized by irrecoverable loss of cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, with varying tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities, are being considered for potential cell therapies. To overcome the limitations of cell therapy, we isolated exosomes from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) and investigated their therapeutic effects in R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) exposed to CoCl2. Method After 9 h of exposure to CoCl2, the hypoxic damaged R28 cells were divided into the non-treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells) and treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells treated with exosome). Immunoblot analysis was performed for Pcna, Hif-1α, Vegf, Vimentin, Thy-1, Gap43, Ermn, Neuroflament, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospo-GSK3β, Lef-1, UBA2, Skp1, βTrcp, and ubiquitin. The proteomes of each group were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by label-free quantification, and the interactions of the proteins were examined through signal transduction pathway and gene ontology analysis. Result We observed that exosome could significantly recover proliferation damaged by CoCl2 treatment. In addition, the treatment group presented the decreased expression of Hif-1α protein (P < 0.05) and increased expression of proliferation marker, Pcna, and nerve regeneration-related factors such as Vimentin, Thy-1, and Neuroflament (P < 0.05) compared with the non-treatment group. In total, 200 DEPs were identified in the non-treatment group and treatment group (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). Catenin and ubiquitin systems (UBA2, UBE2E3, UBE2I) were found in both the DEP lists of downregulated proteins from the non-treatment group and upregulated proteins from the treatment group. The mRNA expressions of ubiquitin systems were significantly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, UBA2 and Wnt/β-catenin protein were associated with the rescue of the hypoxic damaged R28 cells. Using a siRNA system, we could find it out that hPMSC exosomes could not repair altered expressions of target proteins by CoCl2 in lacking UBA2 R28 cells. Conclusion This study reported that hypoxic damaged expression of regeneration markers in R28 cells was significantly recovered by hPMSC exosomes. We could also demonstrate that UBA2 played a key role in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of hypoxic damaged R28 cells, induced by hPMSC exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-An Duong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Yuan JJ, Liu HL, Tian Z, Liu SW, Li B. Three Cases of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy with Rapid Increase in Visual Acuity After Gene Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:134-138. [PMID: 31237206 PMCID: PMC6806533 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190618094505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the first few trials of gene therapy for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy performed by our group, the visual acuity of the patients increased gradually over several months, or even years. However, in the current round of gene therapy for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, we noted that the visual acuity of three patients increased rapidly, within a few days after treatment. CASE PRESENTATION Three patients who were diagnosed with mitochondrial gene 11778 mutation (associated with a G-to-A transition at Mt-11778 in the ND4 subunit gene of complex I of mitochondrial DNA that changes an arginine to histidine at amino acid 340) by genetic diagnosis were followed up three times before gene therapy, which lasted for 1 year, without spontaneous improvement of vision. Visual acuity in one or both eyes of each of the three patients increased rapidly after the initial gene therapy treatment. CONCLUSION We suspect that in some patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, a portion of the retinal ganglion cells might remain in a "dormant" state for a certain period of time; these may be activated, within an optimal timeframe, during gene therapy for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Si-Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ng TK, Chen CB, Xu C, Xu Y, Yao X, Huang L, Liang JJ, Cheung HS, Pang CP, Huang Y. Attenuated regenerative properties in human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells of older donor ages with shorter telomere length and lower SSEA4 expression. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:71-81. [PMID: 32043210 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cell properties are critical in the periodontal tissue regeneration for periodontitis. Previously, we have demonstrated that cigarette smoking attenuates PDL-derived stem cell (PDLSC) regenerative properties. Here, we report the findings on the regenerative properties of human PDLSCs with different donor ages and the underlying mechanisms. Human PDLSCs from 18 independent donors were divided into different age groups (≤ 20, 20-40, and > 40 years old). The proliferation of PDLSCs with donor age of ≤ 20 years old was significantly higher than that of the 20-40- and > 40-years-old groups, whereas the migration of PDLSCs with donor age of ≤ 20 and 20-40 years old was significantly higher than that of the > 40-years-old group. Moreover, the mesodermal lineage differentiation capabilities of PDLSCs were also higher in the donor age group of ≤ 20 years old than the donor age of > 40 years old. In addition, shorter telomere length and lower expression of SSEA4 were found in PDLSCs with donor age of > 40 years old, compared with those with donor age of ≤ 20-years-old group. Besides, PDLSCs with donor age of 20-40 and > 40 years old had higher IL6 and CXCL8 gene expressions. In summary, results from this study revealed the attenuated proliferation, migration, and mesodermal lineage differentiation properties in human PDLSCs with older donor ages. Donor age of PDLSCs should be considered as the selection criteria for the periodontal tissue regeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowu Yao
- Dentistry Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Herman S Cheung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Tomokiyo A, Wada N, Maeda H. Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Regenerative Potency in Periodontium. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 28:974-985. [PMID: 31215350 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontium is consisted of root cementum, bone lining the tooth socket, gingiva facing the tooth, and periodontal ligament (PDL). Its primary functions are support of the tooth and protection of tooth, nerve, and blood vessels from injury by mechanical loading. Severe periodontitis induces the destruction of periodontium and results in a significant cause of tooth loss among adults. Unfortunately, conventional therapies such as scaling and root planning are often only palliative. Therefore, the ultimate goal of the treatment for periodontitis is to restore disrupted periodontium to its original shape and function. Tissue engineering refers to the process of combining cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules for the production of functional tissues to restore, maintain, and improve damaged organs. The discovery of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) highlighted the possibility for development of tissue engineering technology-based therapeutics for disrupted periodontium. PDLSCs are a kind of somatic stem cells that show potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal. Therefore, PDLSCs are considered a highly promising stem cell population for regenerative therapy in periodontium; however, their rarity prevents the progression of basic and clinical researches. In this review, we summarize recent research advancement and accumulated information regarding the self-renewal capacity, multipotency, and immunomodulatory effect of PDLSCs, as well as their contribution to repair and regeneration of periodontium and other tissues. We also discuss the possibility of PDLSCs for clinical application of regenerative medicine and provide an outline of the genetic approaches to overcome the issue about the rarity of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tomokiyo
- 1Division of Endodontics and Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- 2Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- 1Division of Endodontics and Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,3Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ma D, Chen CB, Jhanji V, Xu C, Yuan XL, Liang JJ, Huang Y, Cen LP, Ng TK. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cell lines and in mouse cornea. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1212-1219. [PMID: 32382146 PMCID: PMC7205026 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) genes in human and mouse ocular cells and comparison to other tissue cells. METHODS Human conjunctiva and primary pterygium tissues were collected from pterygium patients who underwent surgery. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes was determined in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cells, human ocular and other tissue cell lines, mesenchymal stem cells as well as mouse ocular and other tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SYBR green PCR. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis showed consistent expression by 2 ACE2 gene primers in 2 out of 3 human conjunctival cells and pterygium cell lines. Expression by 2 TMPRSS2 gene primers could only be found in 1 out of 3 pterygium cell lines, but not in any conjunctival cells. Compared with the lung A549 cells, similar expression was noted in conjunctival and pterygium cells. In addition, mouse cornea had comparable expression of Tmprss2 gene and lower but prominent Ace2 gene expression compared with the lung tissue. CONCLUSION Considering the necessity of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection, our results suggest that conjunctiva would be less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, whereas pterygium possesses some possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. With high and consistent expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 in cornea, cornea rather than conjunctiva has higher potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Precaution is necessary to prevent possible SARS-CoV-2 infection through ocular surface in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Seyedrazizadeh SZ, Poosti S, Nazari A, Alikhani M, Shekari F, Pakdel F, Shahpasand K, Satarian L, Baharvand H. Extracellular vesicles derived from human ES-MSCs protect retinal ganglion cells and preserve retinal function in a rodent model of optic nerve injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:203. [PMID: 32460894 PMCID: PMC7251703 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal and/or optic nerve injury is one of the leading causes of blindness due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. There have been extensive efforts to suppress this neurodegeneration. Various somatic tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated significant neuroprotective and axogenic effects on RGCs. An alternative source of MSCs could be human embryonic stem cells (ES-MSCs), which proliferate faster, express lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, and are capable of immune modulation. It has been demonstrated that MSCs secrete factors or extracellular vesicles that may heal the injury. However, possible therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of human ES-MSC extracellular vesicles (EVs) on optic nerve injury have not been assessed. Methods EVs were isolated from human ES-MSCs. Then, ES-MSC EV was applied to an optic nerve crush (ONC) mouse model. Immunohistofluorescence, retro- and anterograde tracing of RGCs, Western blot, tauopathy in RGCs, and function assessments were performed during 2-month post-treatment to evaluate ONC improvement and underlying mechanism of human ES-MSC EV in in vivo. Results We found that the ES-MSC EV significantly improved Brn3a+ RGCs survival and retro- and anterograde tracing of RGCs, while preventing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) degenerative thinning compared to the vehicle group. The EVs also significantly promoted GAP43+ axon counts in the optic nerve and improved cognitive visual behavior. Furthermore, cis p-tau, a central mediator of neurodegeneration in the injured RGCs, is detectable after the ONC at the early stages demonstrated tauopathy in RGCs. Notably, after EV treatment cis p-tau was downregulated. Conclusions Our findings propose that human ES-MSC EVs, as an off-the-shelf and cell-free product, may have profound clinical implications in treating injured RGCs and degenerative ocular disease. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of human ES-MSC EV are related to the rescue of tauopathy process of RGC degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Zahra Seyedrazizadeh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Poosti
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoreza Nazari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Ophthalmology Department, Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Satarian
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Vallarola A, Bertani G, Mecugni D, Carnevale G. Neural crest derived stem cells from dental pulp and tooth-associated stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:373-381. [PMID: 31571644 PMCID: PMC6921350 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nerve injuries, representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system, are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden. Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system, mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair, several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing. Based on the injury type, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far. Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, however these approaches own limitations, such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity. Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration, in fact, the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade. Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, because of the ease of isolation procedures, stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities, which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest. In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models, highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Mecugni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Azienda USL - Institute and Health Care (IRCCS) di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Zhou LL, Liu W, Wu YM, Sun WL, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Oral Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Immunomodulatory Masters. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1327405. [PMID: 32184830 PMCID: PMC7060886 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1327405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are renowned in the field of tissue engineering/regeneration for their multilineage differentiation potential and easy acquisition. These cells encompass the periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), the dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSCs), the stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), the gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (GMSCs), the stem/progenitor cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the dental follicle stem/progenitor cells (DFSCs), the bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (BM-MSCs) from the alveolar bone proper, and the human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs). Apart from their remarkable regenerative potential, oral MSCs possess the capacity to interact with an inflammatory microenvironment. Although inflammation might affect the properties of oral MSCs, they could inversely exert a multitude of immunological actions to the local inflammatory microenvironment. The present review discusses the current understanding about the immunomodulatory role of oral MSCs both in periodontitis and systemic diseases, their "double-edged sword" uniqueness in inflammatory regulation, their affection of the immune system, and the underlying mechanisms, involving oral MSC-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Yan-min Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei-lian Sun
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - C. E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - K. M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11435, Egypt
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43
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Gokoffski KK, Peng M, Alas B, Lam P. Neuro-protection and neuro-regeneration of the optic nerve: recent advances and future directions. Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 33:93-105. [PMID: 31809331 PMCID: PMC8153234 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Optic neuropathies refer to a collection of diseases in which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the specialized neuron of the retina whose axons make up the optic nerve, are selectively damaged. Blindness secondary to optic neuropathies is irreversible as RGCs do not have the capacity for self-renewal and have a limited capacity for self-repair. Numerous strategies are being developed to either prevent further RGC degeneration or replace the cells that have degenerated. In this review, we aim to discuss known limitations to regeneration in central nervous system (CNS), followed by a discussion of previous, current, and future strategies for optic nerve neuroprotection as well as approaches for neuro-regeneration, with an emphasis on developments in the past two years. RECENT FINDINGS Neuro-regeneration in the CNS is limited by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Environmental barriers to axon regeneration can be divided into two major categories: failure to clear myelin and formation of glial scar. Although inflammatory scars block axon growth past the site of injury, inflammation also provides important signals that activate reparative and regenerative pathways in RGCs. Neuroprotection with neurotrophins as monotherapy is not effective at preventing RGC degeneration likely secondary to rapid clearance of growth factors. Novel approaches involve exploiting different technologies to provide sustained delivery of neurotrophins. Other approaches include application of anti-apoptosis molecules and anti-axon retraction molecules. Although stem cells are becoming a viable option for generating RGCs for cell-replacement-based strategies, there are still many critical barriers to overcome before they can be used in clinical practice. Adjuvant treatments, such as application of electrical fields, scaffolds, and magnetic field stimulation, may be useful in helping transplanted RGCs extend axons in the proper orientation and assist with new synapse formation. SUMMARY Different optic neuropathies will benefit from neuro-protective versus neuro-regenerative approaches. Developing clinically effective treatments for optic nerve disease will require a collaborative approach that not only employs neurotrophic factors but also incorporates signals that promote axonogenesis, direct axon growth towards intended targets, and promote appropriate synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Gokoffski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Xu MM, Jia TT, Li B, Ma W, Chen X, Zhao X, Zang SQ. Tuning the properties of atomically precise gold nanoclusters for biolabeling and drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8766-8769. [PMID: 32613976 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent properties of atomically precise nanoclusters have been regulated by solvent-induced atomic structure transformation and cationic polymer-induced self-assembly for cell imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Xu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Tong-Tong Jia
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Bingjie Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450000
- China
| | - Wang Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450000
- China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Xueli Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
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45
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Alarautalahti V, Ragauskas S, Hakkarainen JJ, Uusitalo-Järvinen H, Uusitalo H, Hyttinen J, Kalesnykas G, Nymark S. Viability of Mouse Retinal Explant Cultures Assessed by Preservation of Functionality and Morphology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1914-1927. [PMID: 31042799 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal explant cultures provide simplified systems where the functions of the retina and the effects of ocular therapies can be studied in an isolated environment. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into long-term preservation of retinal tissue in culture conditions, enable a deeper understanding of the interdependence of retinal morphology and function, and ensure the reliability of the explant technique for prolonged experiments. Methods Retinal explants from adult mice were cultured as organotypic culture at the air-medium interface for 14 days in vitro (DIV). Retinal functionality was assessed by multielectrode array technique and morphology by immunohistochemical methods at several time points during culture. Results Retinal explants retained viability for 14 DIV, although with diminishing neuronal activity, progressing neuronal loss, and increasing reactive gliosis. We recorded spontaneous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity up to 14 DIV with temporally changing distribution of RGC firing rates. Light responsiveness was measurable from RGCs for 7 DIV and from photoreceptors for 2 DIV. Apoptotic cells were detected beginning at 3 DIV with their density peaking at 7 DIV. The number of RGCs gradually decreased by 70% during 14 DIV. The change was accompanied by the loss of RGC functionality, resulting in 84% loss of electrically active RGCs. Conclusions Retinal explants provide a valuable tool for studies of retinal functions and development of ocular therapies. However, critical for long-term use, retinal functionality was lost before structural loss, emphasizing a need for both functional and morphologic readouts to determine the overall state of the cultured retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Alarautalahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Soile Nymark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Safi IN, Mohammed Ali Hussein B, Al-Shammari AM. In vitro periodontal ligament cell expansion by co-culture method and formation of multi-layered periodontal ligament-derived cell sheets. Regen Ther 2019; 11:225-239. [PMID: 31528667 PMCID: PMC6739433 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Per-implantitis is one of the implant treatment complications. Dentists have failed to restore damaged periodontium by using conventional therapies. Tissue engineering (stem cells, scaffold and growth factors) aims to reconstruct natural tissues. The paper aimed to isolate both periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and use them in a co-culture method to create three-layered cell sheets for reconstructing natural periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue. Materials and methods BMMSCs were isolated from rabbit tibia and femur, and PDLSC culture was established from the lower right incisor. The cells were co-cultured to induce BMMSC differentiation into PDL cells. Cell morphology, stem cells and PDL-specific markers (CD90, CD34, and periostin) were also detected using immunofluorescent assay. Co-cultured cell monolayers were detached using temperature-responsive tissue culture dishes and collagen graft to create the three-layer construct. The 3D-engineered tissue was examined histologically and by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results BMMSCs co-cultured with PDLSCs successfully induced more PDL cells. The newly induced PDL cells exhibited periostin and CD90 expression. Fluorescence green intensity was measured for the co-cultured cells that were stained with periostin, the mean fluorescence green intensity (periostin expression) was significantly higher for the newly induced PDL cells after 1, 2, and 3 weeks when compared with control (BM-MSCs), at 21 days non-significant difference was measured when compared with control (PDLSCs). The results showed the successful formation of 3D multilayer PDL tissue. Histological cross-section showed cell sheets and the stable adhesion between them. FESEM examination was conducted for the cross-section, showing three-layered cell sheets with stable adhesion between cells. Conclusions The results of this paper report that the three layered-cell sheets were successfully constructed by the novel use of collagen graft as a scaffold to be used in treatment of periodontitis and to envelop the dental implants to create biohybrid implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Nabeel Safi
- Prosthetics Department, Collage of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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47
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Bastakis GG, Ktena N, Karagogeos D, Savvaki M. Models and treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:819-836. [PMID: 31297983 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies of the optic nerve could result as primary insults in the visual tract or as secondary deficits due to inflammation, demyelination, or compressing effects of the surrounding tissue. The extent of damage may vary from mild to severe, differently affecting patient vision, with the most severe forms leading to complete uni- or bilateral visual loss. The aim of researchers and clinicians in the field is to alleviate the symptoms of these, yet uncurable pathologies, taking advantage of known and novel potential therapeutic approaches, alone or in combinations, and applying them in a limited time window after the insult. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological and clinical profile as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of two main categories of optic nerve pathologies, namely traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis, focusing on the demyelinating form of the latter. Moreover, we report on the main rodent models mimicking these pathologies or some of their clinical aspects. The current treatment options will also be reviewed and novel approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niki Ktena
- University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Savvaki
- University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
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Yang Y, Xu C, Chen Y, Liang JJ, Xu Y, Chen SL, Huang S, Yang Q, Cen LP, Pang CP, Sun XH, Ng TK. Green Tea Extract Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8407206. [PMID: 31379990 PMCID: PMC6652088 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8407206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress induced by reduced blood circulation is a critical pathological damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. We previously showed that green tea extract (GTE) and its catechin constituents alleviate sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration in rats. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of GTE on ischemia-induced RGC degeneration in rats. METHODS RGC degeneration was induced by ischemic reperfusion in adult Fischer F344 rats. Green tea extract (Theaphenon E) was intragastrically administered 4 times within 48 hours after ischemia. RGC survival, pupillary light reflex, expressions of cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related proteins were studied. RESULTS Ischemic reperfusion significantly induced apoptotic RGCs, RGC loss, and larger constricted pupil area compared to the untreated normal rats. Expressions of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8, Sod2, and inflammation-related proteins as well as p38 phosphorylation were significantly upregulated in the ischemia-injured rats. Compared to the saline-fed ischemic rats, significantly higher number of surviving RGCs, less apoptotic RGCs, and smaller constricted pupil area were observed in the GTE-fed ischemic rats. GTE also reduced the increased protein expressions caused by ischemic injury but enhanced the Jak phosphorylation in the retina. Notably, green tea extract did not affect the survival of RGCs in the uninjured normal rats. CONCLUSIONS In summary, GTE offers neuroprotection to RGCs under ischemic challenge, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for glaucoma and optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xing-huai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Cen LP, Liu YF, Ng TK, Luo JM, van Rooijen N, Zhang M, Pang CP, Cui Q. Casein kinase-II inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:153-159. [PMID: 30118655 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuron survival is critical for the maintenance of central nervous system physiology upon diseases or injury. We previously demonstrated that the blockage of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and Janus kinase/STAT3 pathways promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal regeneration via macrophage activation; yet, the complexity of the inflammatory regulation for neural repair indicates the involvement of additional unresolved signaling pathways. Here we report the effects and underlying mechanism of casein kinase-II (CK2) inhibition on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve (ON) injury. Adult rats received intravitreal injection of CK2 inhibitors, TBB (4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole) and DMAT (2-Dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole), after ON transection and peripheral nerve (PN) grafting. Intravitreal application of TBB and DAMT effectively suppressed the CK2 phosphorylation activity in the retina, and enhanced RGC survival and axonal regeneration in vivo. Meanwhile, the numbers of infiltrating macrophages were increased. Removal of macrophages by clodronate liposomes significantly abolished the CK2 inhibition-induced RGC survival and axonal regeneration. Clodronate liposomes also weakened the RGC protective effects by TBB and DMAT in vitro. In summary, this study revealed that inhibition of CK2 enhances RGC survival and axonal regeneration via macrophage activation in rats. CK2 could be a therapeutic target for RGC protection after ON injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Yu-Fen Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Min Luo
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Cui
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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50
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Lako M. Special Series: Transplantation of Stem Cells into the Eye. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1454-1456. [PMID: 30133946 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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