1
|
Liu ZT, Zhang Y, Fang R, Simmonds M, Zhang XJ, Zhang TT, Sun TT, Chen XQ. Evaluation of Saxifraga stolonifera phenolic extracts as a potential antivenom against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom: In vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116964. [PMID: 37495028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the snake-infested mountainous regions of China, Saxifraga stolonifera [L.] Meeb is widely utilized as an immediate remedy for venomous snake bites. However, the scientific understanding of S. stolonifera's efficacy in snakebite treatment remains limited and requires further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effects of Saxifraga stolonifera phenolic extracts (SSPE) on Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV) and explore the potential of S. stolonifera as a valuable candidate for antivenom development. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed our previously optimized extraction conditions to obtain SSPE. In vitro experiments utilizing diverse models were conducted to assess the inhibitory effects of the extracted phenolic compounds on DAV, specifically targeting phospholipase A2 (PLA2), proteolytic, fibrinolytic, and hyaluronidase enzymes. Furthermore, in vivo investigations were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory potential of the extracted compounds against DAV-induced hemorrhagic and edematogenic activity. To elucidate the chemical composition of the phenolic extracts, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis was performed. RESULTS Our in vitro inhibition study showed that S. stolonifera was able to inhibit the activities of PLA2 enzyme, proteolytic enzyme, hyaluronidase and fibrinogenolytic. The median effective dose (ED50) values of SSPE for inhibiting PLA2 enzyme, proteolytic enzyme and hyaluronidase activities were 0.115 mg/mL, 0.026 mg/mL and 0.238 mg/mL, respectively. The DAV-induced hemorrhagic and edematogenic effects of the SSPE were also successfully inhibited in vivo, and the high SSPE concentration was able to completely inhibit the hemorrhage and edema. It is noteworthy that the mice suffered no harm from the high SSPE concentration. The composition analysis showed that the phenolic substances contained in SSPE are gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-ɑ-L-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin and kaempferol. CONCLUSIONS This study provides scientific validation of the inhibitory efficacy of S. stolonifera as an emergency treatment for venomous snake bites, offering a theoretical foundation for future drug development strategies targeting snakebite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of BioResource EcoUtilization, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Rui Fang
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | | | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong-Tong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong-Tong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory of BioResource EcoUtilization, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang D, Liu X, Li J, Xie J, Jiang L. Animal venoms: a novel source of anti- Toxoplasma gondii drug candidates. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178070. [PMID: 37205912 PMCID: PMC10188992 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a nucleated intracellular parasitic protozoan with a broad host selectivity. It causes toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised or immunodeficient patients. The currently available treatments for toxoplasmosis have significant side effects as well as certain limitations, and the development of vaccines remains to be explored. Animal venoms are considered to be an important source of novel antimicrobial agents. Some peptides from animal venoms have amphipathic alpha-helix structures. They inhibit the growth of pathogens by targeting membranes to produce lethal pores and cause membrane rupture. Venom molecules generally possess immunomodulatory properties and play key roles in the suppression of pathogenic organisms. Here, we summarized literatures of the last 15 years on the interaction of animal venom peptides with T. gondii and attempt to explore the mechanisms of their interaction with parasites that involve membrane and organelle damage, immune response regulation and ion homeostasis. Finally, we analyzed some limitations of venom peptides for drug therapy and some insights into their development in future studies. It is hoped that more research will be stimulated to turn attention to the medical value of animal venoms in toxoplasmosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqian Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anti-Metalloprotease P-I Single-Domain Antibodies: Tools for Next-Generation Snakebite Antivenoms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2748962. [PMID: 35909472 PMCID: PMC9325618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2748962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to address the global antivenom crisis, novel antivenoms need to present high therapeutic efficacy, broad neutralization ability against systemic and local damage, sufficient safety, and cost-effectiveness. Due to biological characteristics of camelid single-domain antibodies (VHH) such as high affinity, their ability to penetrate dense tissues, and facility for genetic manipulation, their application in antivenoms has expanded considerably. VHHs that are active against the metalloprotease BjussuMP-II from the snake Bothrops jararacussu were selected. After isolation of BjussuMP-II, a camelid was immunized with the purified toxin in order to construct the recombinant phage library. Following a round of biopanning, 52% of the selected clones were able to recognize BjussuMP-II in an ELISA assay. After sequencing, seven sequence profiles were identified. One selected clone (VHH61) showed cross-reactivity to B. brazili venom, but did not recognize the Crotalus and Lachesis genera, indicating specificity for the Bothrops genus. Through in vitro tests, the capacity to neutralize the toxicity triggered by BjussuMP-II was observed. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated a robust secondary structure for VHH61, and the calculated melting temperature (TM) for the clone was 56.4°C. In silico analysis, through molecular docking of anti-BjussuMP-II VHHs with metalloprotease, revealed their potential interaction with amino acids present in regions critical for the toxin's conformation and stability. The findings suggest that anti-BjussuMP-II VHHs may be beneficial in the development of next-generation antivenoms.
Collapse
|
4
|
Production of a murine mAb against Bothrops alternatus and B. neuwiedi snake venoms and its use to isolate a thrombin-like serine protease fraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:530-541. [PMID: 35753516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accidents with snakes from the genus Bothrops represent ~90 % of all snakebites in Brazil. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting venom components can be important assets for treating envenoming syndromes, for developing diagnostic tests and for research purposes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to generate murine mAbs against the antigenic mixture of Bothropic venoms traditionally used as immunogen to produce Bothropic antivenoms in Brazil. ELISA showed that one of the produced mAbs recognizes B. alternatus and B. neuwiedi venoms (mAb anti-Ba/Bn) specifically and Western Blot revealed that this mAb binds to a single protein band of molecular mass of ≈50 kDa. MAb anti-Ba/Bn inhibited the coagulant activity but was unable to neutralize hemorrhagic and phospholipase A2 activities caused by the B. neuwiedi venom. MAb anti-Ba/Bn was immobilized to Sepharose beads and used for immunoaffinity chromatography of B. neuwiedi venom. Proteolytic activity assays indicated that the immunoaffinity-purified fraction (BnF-Bothrops neuwiedi fraction) has a serine protease thrombin-like profile, which was supported by coagulability assays in mice. Bottom-up proteomic analysis confirmed the prevalence of serine proteases in BnF using label-free quantification. In conclusion, this work characterized a mAb with neutralizing properties against B. neuwiedi coagulant activity and demonstrates that immunoaffinity chromatography using mAbs can be a useful technique for purification of bioactive toxic proteins from Bothrops spp. snake venoms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Adeyi AO, Mustapha KK, Ajisebiola BS, Adeyi OE, Metibemu DS, Okonji RE. Inhibition of Echis ocellatus venom metalloprotease by flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate sub-fraction of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaves: in vitro and in silico approaches. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1893334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olubisi Esther Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Raphael Emuebie Okonji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shedding Lights on Crude Venom from Solitary Foraging Predatory Ant Ectatomma opaciventre: Initial Toxinological Investigation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010037. [PMID: 35051015 PMCID: PMC8781531 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Some species of primitive predatory ants, despite living in a colony, exercise their hunting collection strategy individually; their venom is painful, paralyzing, digestive, and lethal for their prey, yet the toxins responsible for these effects are poorly known. Ectatomma opaciventre is a previously unrecorded solitary hunting ant from the Brazilian Cerrado. To overcome this hindrance, the present study performed the in vitro enzymatic, biochemical, and biological activities of E. opaciventre to better understand the properties of this venom. Its venom showed several proteins with masses ranging from 1-116 kDa, highlighting the complexity of this venom. Compounds with high enzymatic activity were described, elucidating different enzyme classes present in the venom, with the presence of the first L-amino acid oxidase in Hymenoptera venoms being reported. Its crude venom contributes to a state of blood incoagulability, acting on primary hemostasis, inhibiting collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and operating on the fibrinolysis of loose red clots. Furthermore, the E. opaciventre venom preferentially induced cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cell lines and three different species of Leishmania. These data shed a comprehensive portrait of enzymatic components, biochemical and biological effects in vitro, opening perspectives for bio-pharmacological application of E. opaciventre venom molecules.
Collapse
|
7
|
Moraes JDN, Francisco AF, Dill LM, Diniz RS, Oliveira CSD, Silva TMRD, Caldeira CADS, Corrêa EDA, Coutinho-Neto A, Zanchi FB, Fontes MRDM, Soares AM, Calderon LDA. New multienzymatic complex formed between human cathepsin D and snake venom phospholipase A2. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20220002. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleff Ferreira Francisco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Souza Diniz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Berton Zanchi
- Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
| | | | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; São Lucas University Center (UniSL), Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil; Aparicio Carvalho University Center (FIMCA), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Metabolites from Induratia spp. modulating key enzymes in human hemostasis. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Zychar BC, Clissa PB, Carvalho E, Alves AS, Baldo C, Faquim-Mauro EL, Gonçalves LRC. Modulation of Adhesion Molecules Expression by Different Metalloproteases Isolated from Bothrops Snakes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:803. [PMID: 34822587 PMCID: PMC8624849 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) are involved in local inflammatory reactions observed after snakebites. Based on domain composition, they are classified as PI (pro-domain + proteolytic domain), PII (PI + disintegrin-like domains), or PIII (PII + cysteine-rich domains). Here, we studied the role of different SVMPs domains in inducing the expression of adhesion molecules at the microcirculation of the cremaster muscle of mice. We used Jararhagin (Jar)-a PIII SVMP with intense hemorrhagic activity, and Jar-C-a Jar devoid of the catalytic domain, with no hemorrhagic activity, both isolated from B. jararaca venom and BnP-1-a weakly hemorrhagic P1 SVMP from B. neuwiedi venom. Toxins (0.5 µg) or PBS (100 µL) were injected into the scrotum of mice, and 2, 4, or 24 h later, the protein and gene expression of CD54 and CD31 in the endothelium, and integrins (CD11a and CD11b), expressed in leukocytes were evaluated. Toxins induced significant increases in CD54, CD11a, and CD11b at the initial time and a time-related increase in CD31 expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that, despite differences in hemorrhagic activities and domain composition of the SVMPs used in this study, they behave similarly to the induction of expression of adhesion molecules that promote leukocyte recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C. Zychar
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B. Clissa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.B.C.); (E.L.F.-M.)
| | - Eneas Carvalho
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Adilson S. Alves
- Department. of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Cristiani Baldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil;
| | - Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.B.C.); (E.L.F.-M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pinheiro-Junior EL, Boldrini-França J, Takeda AAS, Costa TR, Peigneur S, Cardoso IA, Oliveira ISD, Sampaio SV, de Mattos Fontes MR, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Towards toxin PEGylation: The example of rCollinein-1, a snake venom thrombin-like enzyme, as a PEGylated biopharmaceutical prototype. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:564-573. [PMID: 34506860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PEGylation was firstly described around 50 years ago and has been used for more than 30 years as a strategy to improve the drugability of biopharmaceuticals. However, it remains poorly employed in toxinology, even though it may be a promising strategy to empower these compounds in therapeutics. This work reports the PEGylation of rCollinein-1, a recombinant snake venom serine protease (SVSP), able to degrade fibrinogen and inhibit the hEAG1 potassium channel. We compared the functional, structural, and immunogenic properties of the non-PEGylated (rCollinein-1) and PEGylated (PEG-rCollinein-1) forms. PEG-rCollinein-1 shares similar kinetic parameters with rCollinein-1, maintaining its capability of degrading fibrinogen, but with reduced activity on hEAG1 channel. CD analysis revealed the maintenance of protein conformation after PEGylation, and thermal shift assays demonstrated similar thermostability. Both forms of the enzyme showed to be non-toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In silico epitope prediction indicated three putative immunogenic peptides. However, immune response on mice showed PEG-rCollinein-1 was devoid of immunogenicity. PEGylation directed rCollinein-1 activity towards hemostasis control, broadening its possibilities to be employed as a defibrinogenant agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Junior
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - PO box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- University of Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista II, 29102-920 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Tássia Rafaella Costa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - PO box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iara Aimê Cardoso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - PO box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biochemical, pharmacological and structural characterization of BmooMP-I, a new P–I metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni venom. Biochimie 2020; 179:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Simizo A, Kitano ES, Sant'Anna SS, Grego KF, Tanaka-Azevedo AM, Tashima AK. Comparative gender peptidomics of Bothrops atrox venoms: are there differences between them? J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200055. [PMID: 33088286 PMCID: PMC7546584 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bothrops atrox is known to be the pit viper responsible for
most snakebites and human fatalities in the Amazon region. It can be found
in a wide geographical area including northern South America, the east of
Andes and the Amazon basin. Possibly, due to its wide distribution and
generalist feeding, intraspecific venom variation was reported by previous
proteomics studies. Sex-based and ontogenetic variations on venom
compositions of Bothrops snakes were also subject of
proteomic and peptidomic analysis. However, the venom peptidome of
B. atrox remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a mass spectrometry-based analysis of the venom peptides of
individual male and female specimens combining bottom-up and top-down
approaches. Results: We identified in B. atrox a total of 105 native peptides in
the mass range of 0.4 to 13.9 kDa. Quantitative analysis showed that
phospholipase A2 and bradykinin potentiating peptides were the
most abundant peptide families in both genders, whereas disintegrin levels
were significantly increased in the venoms of females. Known peptides
processed at non-canonical sites and new peptides as the Ba1a, which
contains the SVMP BATXSVMPII1 catalytic site, were also revealed in this
work. Conclusion: The venom peptidomes of male and female specimens of B.
atrox were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based approaches in
this work. The study points to differences in disintegrin levels in the
venoms of females that may result in distinct pathophysiology of
envenomation. Further research is required to explore the potential
biological implications of this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Simizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Kitano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sávio S Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Special Laboratory for Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cesar PHS, Trento MVC, Konig IFM, Marcussi S. Catechin and epicatechin as an adjuvant in the therapy of hemostasis disorders induced by snake venoms. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22604. [PMID: 32830399 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Snake toxins, such as phospholipases A2 and proteases, are used as research tools to evaluate biological activities and to understand physiopathological processes of natural compounds better. In the present study, the phenolic compounds catechin and epicatechin were incubated with snake venoms to evaluate their inhibition against different substrates. Catechin and epicatechin exerted inhibitions between 20% and 95% on the activity of phospholipases A2 present in the venom of Bothrops alternatus. In the hemolytic activity, catechin exerted inhibitions between 20% and 25% in all proportions evaluated on the B. jararacussu venom, whereas epicatechin inhibited 20% of the venom activity. Coagulation induced by B. atrox and B. jararacussu venoms was significantly inhibited by catechin and epicatechin, where the time for coagulation was two to three times higher after previous incubation of the venoms with the compounds. The most significant inhibitions for the proteolytic activity on casein were 17% and 27%, respectively, by both compounds. Catechin inhibited serine protease activity induced by B. atrox venom by 64% and epicatechin by 65%. Regarding B. atrox-induced thrombolysis, catechin exerted 40% inhibition and epicatechin around 30%. The fibrinogen proteolysis was completely inhibited by catechin acting on the B. atrox venom in the proportion of 1:1 and by epicatechin on B. jararacussu venom. Catechin and epicatechin showed promising inhibitory action on proteases and phospholipases A2 . Therefore, these compounds can be explored as an adjuvant for serum therapy or pharmaceutical purposes, once they act on homologous enzymes that are present in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H S Cesar
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Marcus V C Trento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Isaac F M Konig
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
S Cesar PH, Trento MV, Sales TA, A Simão A, C Ramalho T, Marcussi S. Vanillic acid as phospholipase A 2 and proteases inhibitor: In vitro and computational analyses. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:486-496. [PMID: 32420666 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic inhibition by natural compounds may represent a valuable adjuvant in snakebite serum therapy. The objective in this work was to evaluate possible in vitro interactions between vanillic acid and enzymes from Bothrops spp. and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms, and also suggest a theory as how they interact based on molecular docking. Vanillic acid inhibited the phospholipase activity induced by Bothrops alternatus (∼25% inhibition); the caseinolytic activity induced by Bothrops atrox (∼30%), Bothrops jararacussu (∼44%), and C. d. terrificus (∼33%); the fibrinogenolysis induced by B. jararacussu, B. atrox, and C. d. terrificus (100%); the serine protease activity induced by Bothrops moojeni (∼45%) and Bothrops jararaca (∼66%); the hemolytic activity induced by B. moojeni (∼26%); the thrombolysis activity induced by B. atrox (∼30%) and B. jararacussu (∼20%); and the thrombotic activity induced by C. d. terrificus (∼8%). The compound was also capable of delaying the coagulation time in citrated plasma by 60, 35, and 75 Sec, when incubated with B. moojeni, B. atrox, and B. jararaca, respectively. The results obtained expand the possibilities for future pharmaceutical use of vanillic acid, considering the high homology degree among human and snake venom phospholipases A2 and proteases (involved in chronic inflammatory diseases). Also, this compound can be used as adjuvant to improve currently available treatments for ophidism victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H S Cesar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Trento
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Thais A Sales
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Anderson A Simão
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Souza JB, Cardoso R, Almeida-Souza HO, Carvalho CP, Correia LIV, Faria PCB, Araujo GR, Mendes MM, Rodrigues RS, Rodrigues VM, Dandekar AM, Goulart LR, Nascimento R. Generation and In-planta expression of a recombinant single chain antibody with broad neutralization activity on Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1241-1251. [PMID: 32035152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The main systemic alterations present in bothropic envenomation are hemostasis disorders, for which the conventional treatment is based on animal-produced antiophidic sera. We have developed a neutralizing antibody against Bothrops pauloensis (B. pauloensis) venom, which is member of the genus most predominant in snakebite accidents in Brazil. Subsequently, we expressed this antibody in plants to evaluate its enzymatic and biological activities. The ability of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) molecules to inhibit fibrinogenolytic, azocaseinolytic, coagulant and hemorrhagic actions of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) contained in B. pauloensis venom was verified through proteolytic assays. The antibody neutralized the toxic effects of envenomation, particularly those related to systemic processes, by interacting with one of the predominant classes of metalloproteinases. This novel molecule is a potential tool with great antivenom potential and provides a biotechnological antidote to snake venom due to its broad neutralizing activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Souza
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rone Cardoso
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Hebréia O Almeida-Souza
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila P Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias 11, 13418-310 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ian Veloso Correia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina B Faria
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Galber R Araujo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirian M Mendes
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos Rodrigues
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M Rodrigues
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Nascimento
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chinnasamy S, Selvaraj G, Selvaraj C, Kaushik AC, Kaliamurthi S, Khan A, Singh SK, Wei DQ. Combining in silico and in vitro approaches to identification of potent inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:53-66. [PMID: 31838071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the main constituent of snake venom. PLA2 enzymes catalyze the Ca2+ dependent hydrolysis of 2-acyl ester bonds of 3-sn-phospholipids, releasing fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Inside the body of the victim, PLA2 from snake venom induces either direct or indirect pathophysiological effects, including anticoagulant, inflammatory, neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, edematogenic, and myotoxic activities. Therefore, there is a need to find the potential inhibitors against PLA2 responsible for snakebite. In this study, we employed in silico and in vitro methods to identify the potential inhibitor against PLA2. Virtual screening and molecular docking studies were performed to find potent inhibitor against PLA2 using Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCM). Based on these studies, Scutellarin (TCM3290) was selected and calculated by density functional theory calculation at B3LYP/6-31G**++ level to explore the stereo-electronic features of the molecule. Further, molecular docking and DFT of Minocycline was carried out. Quantum polarized ligand docking was performed to optimize the geometry of the protein-ligand complexes. The protein-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations. The residence time of a protein-ligand complex is a critical parameter affecting natural influences in vitro. It is nonetheless a challenging errand to expect, regardless of the accessibility of incredible PC assets and a large variety of computing procedures. In this metadynamics situation, we used the conformational flooding technique to deal with rank inhibitors constructions. The systematic free energy perturbation (FEP) protocol and calculate the energy of both complexes. Finally, the selected compound of TCM3290 was studied in vitro analysis such as inhibition of PLA2 activity, hyaluronidase activity and fibrinogenolytic activity. The TCM3290 had a more binding affinity compare to Minocycline, and interacted with the key residues of TYR63 and GLY31. DFT represented the highest HOMO and LUMO energy of 0.15146 eV. MD simulation with 100 ns proved that an inhibitor binding mode is more stable inside the binding site of PLA2. In vitro analysis shows that TCM3290 significantly neutralized by PLA2. The above observations confirmed that Scutellarin (TCM3290) had a potent snake venom neutralizing capacity and could hypothetically be used for therapeutic drives of snakebite envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Chinnasamy
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikkudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aman Chandra Kaushik
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Satyavani Kaliamurthi
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikkudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China; Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abdel-Aty AM, Salama WH, Ali AA, Mohamed SA. A hemorrhagic metalloprotease of Egyptian Cerastes vipera venom: Biochemical and immunological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Cesar PHS, Cardoso Trento MV, Sales TA, Marques TR, Braga MA, Ramalho TC, Marcussi S. Molecular interactions between p-coumaric acid and snake venom toxins. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14594-14603. [PMID: 31016790 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A large number of natural compounds, such as phenolic compounds, have been scientifically evaluated in the search for enzyme inhibitors. The interactions between the phenolic compound p-coumaric acid and the enzymes present in snake venoms (used as research tools) were evaluated in vitro and in silico. The p-coumaric acid was able to inhibit 31% of the phospholipase activity induced by Bothrops alternatus venom, 27% of the hemolytic activity induced by B. moojeni, 62.5% of the thrombolytic activity induced by B. jararacussu, and approximately 27% of the activity thrombosis induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus. Previous incubation of p-coumaric acid with the venoms of B. atrox and B. jararacussu increased the coagulation time by 2.18 and 2.16-fold, respectively. The activity of serine proteases in B. atrox and B. jararacussu venoms was reduced by 60% and 66.34%, respectively. Computational chemistry analyses suggests the specific binding of p-coumaric acid to the active site of proteases through hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. The phenolic compound evaluated in this work has great potential in therapeutic use to both prevent and treat hemostatic alterations, because the venom proteins inhibited by the p-coumaric acid have high homology with human proteins that have a fundamental role in several pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H S Cesar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Thais A Sales
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Tamara R Marques
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Braga
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Identification of a peptide derived from a Bothrops moojeni metalloprotease with in vitro inhibitory action on the Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme (PfPNP). Biochimie 2019; 162:97-106. [PMID: 30978375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need for research on new antimalarial agents against Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially in regards to planning molecular architecture for specific molecular targets of the parasite. Thus, a metalloprotease from Bothrops moojeni, known as BmooMPα-I, was explored in this study, through in silico assays, aiming at the development of a peptide generated from this molecule with potential inhibitory action on PfPNP, an enzyme necessary for the survival of the parasite. In order to isolate BmooMPα-I, cation exchange and reverse phase chromatographies were performed, followed by in vitro assays of antiparasitic activity against the W2 strain of P. falciparum. The interactions between BmooMPα-I and PfPNP were evaluated via docking, and the resulting peptide, described as Pep1 BM, was selected according to the BmooMPα-I region demonstrating the best interaction score with the target of interest. The values for the specific activities of the PfPNP reaction were measured using the inorganic phosphate substrate and MESG. The fraction corresponding to BmooMPα-I was identified as fraction 4 in the cation exchange chromatography step, due to proteolytic activity on casein and the presence of a major band at ≅ 23 kDa. BmooMPα-I was able to inhibit in vitro growth of W2 P. falciparum, with an IC50 value of 16.14 μg/mL. Virtual screening with Pep1 BM demonstrated two PfPNP target binding regions, with ΔG values at the interaction interface of -10.75 kcal/mol and -11.74 kcal/mol. A significant reduction in the enzymatic activity of PfPNP was observed in the presence of Pep 1 BM when compared to the assay in the absence of this possible inhibitor. BmooMPα-I showed activity in vitro against W2 P. falciparum. By means of in silico techniques, the Pep 1 BM was identified as having potential binding affinity to the catalytic site of PfPNP and of inhibiting its catalytic activity in vitro.
Collapse
|
20
|
Aparecida Braga M, Silva de Abreu T, Cardoso Trento MV, Henrique Andrade Machado G, Lopes Silva Pereira L, Assaid Simão A, Marcussi S. Prospection of Enzyme Modulators in Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Lippia sidoides Leaves: Genotoxicity, Digestion, Inflammation, and Hemostasis. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800558. [PMID: 30600918 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lippia sidoides Cham. were chemically characterized and tested for their action on enzymes involved in processes such as inflammation, blood coagulation, and digestion. Both extracts potentiated the activity of phospholipases A2 present in the venom of Bothrops atrox in 12 % and completely inhibited the hemolysis induced by B. jararacussu and B. moojeni venoms in the proportions between 1 : 0.5 and 1 : 5 (venom/extracts (w/w)). They inhibited the thrombolysis induced by B. moojeni (10 to 25 %), potentiated the thrombolysis induced by the Lachesis muta muta venom (30 to 80 %), prolonged the coagulation time induced by B. moojeni and L. muta muta venoms, and presented antigenotoxic action. Both extracts reduced the activity of α-glycosidases, the aqueous extract inhibited lipases, and the ethanolic extract inhibited α-amylases. The results demonstrate the modulatory action of the extracts on proteases, phospholipases, and digestive enzymes. In addition, the rich phenolic composition of these extracts highlights their potential for nutraceutical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aparecida Braga
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Silva de Abreu
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Andrade Machado
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Lopes Silva Pereira
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Assaid Simão
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitario, CEP: 3037, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
MARQUES TAMARAR, BRAGA MARIANAA, CESAR PEDROH, MARCUSSI SILVANA, CORRÊA ANGELITAD. Jabuticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) skin extracts as inhibitors of phospholipases A2 and proteases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20180248. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Xiong Y, Li B, Huang D, He Q, Yu X. Anti-Deinagkistrodon acutus venom properties of ethanolic root extract from Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) kitag and its GC-MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:189-197. [PMID: 30033377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag known as a popular Chinese herbal medicine has been used for a long time to treat a wide variety of diseases including snakebites. However, there is scarce information on the antiophidian potential of this plant. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this work was to evaluate the inhibition effects of the ethanol extract of C. paniculatum on the enzymatic and biological activities induced by Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV). The phytochemical components in the extract were also determined for understanding the mechanism of antivenom activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh root of C. paniculatum was shed-dried and smashed into powder. The powder was then extracted in 75% ethanol by refluxing method. Inhibition of proteolytic, phospholipase A2, fibrinogenolytic and hyaluronidase activities of DAV by the extract were determined in vitro. Neutralization of lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic and edematogenic activities induced by the venom were also performed in vivo. Phytochemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The ethanolic root extract of C. paniculatum (CPER) was able to completely (100%) inhibit protease and hyaluronidase activities induced by DAV when preincubated at a ratio of 1:100 and 1:50 (venom/extract, W/W), respectively. PLA2 and fibrinogenolytic enzyme activities were actually neutralized at the concentration tested. In-vivo studies the inhibition of venom hemorrhagic and myotoxic action reached 100% when the venom was previously incubated with the extract (1:100) before injection. The edematogenic effect was also inhibited in a dose-response manner. CPER completely inhibited DAV-induced lethality in mice when the venom was preincubated with the extract at a ratio of 1:100. GC-MS analysis indicated that a total of 58 compounds were discovered in CPER. Among them, 5 bioactive constituents including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, γ-sitosterol and stigmasterol exhibit antivenom activity according to previous reports. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this work validate for the first time CPER as a traditional antiophidic herb, especially inhibitory effect on local damage induced by DAV, suggesting it could be used as a potential source of bioactive components against snakebites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dachun Huang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiyi He
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marques TR, Cesar PHS, Braga MA, Marcussi S, Corrêa AD. Fruit Bagasse Phytochemicals from Malpighia Emarginata Rich in Enzymatic Inhibitor with Modulatory Action on Hemostatic Processes. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2840-2849. [PMID: 30334251 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes are promising sources of phytochemicals for the development of products to be used in health promotion and maintenance. In this study, extracts from acerola bagasse (AB) were characterized by HPLC, and evaluated according to its modulatory action on phospholipases A2 and proteases involved in processes such as inflammation and blood clotting. Snake venoms were used as biological tools once they have high functional and structural homology between their enzymes and human enzymes. Two types of extracts were prepared from AB: aqueous and methanolic. These extracts, evaluated at different proportions (venom:extract, w:w), significantly inhibited the phospholipase activity induced by the venoms of Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops atrox (11% to 31%), and Crotalus durissus terrificus (C. d. t.) (11% to 19%). The hemolytic activity induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and C. d. t. was better inhibited by the methanolic extract (inhibition between 23% and 48%). Thrombolysis induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and C. d. t. was inhibited by both extracts, with inhibition ranging from 13% to 63% for the aqueous extract, and from 12% to 92% for the methanolic one. Both extracts increased the time of coagulation induced by the venoms of B. moojeni and Lachesis muta muta in 26 and up to 68 s. These inhibitory actions were related to the following phenolic compounds present in the extract of AB: gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. Additional studies are needed to confirm their potential use for nutraceutical purposes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Agro-industrial wastes are promising sources of phytochemicals for the development of products that can be used by pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. Studies report the use of the acerola bagasse extract in health improvement. However, its toxic-pharmacological characterization is still scarce. In this study, the extracts of acerola bagasse presented phenolic compounds that can modulate the activity of enzymes such as phospholipases A2 and proteases that act on the coagulant/anticoagulant and thrombotic/thrombolytic activities and the break of phospholipids, decreasing the inflammation and platelet aggregation. Although the in vivo effects of the extracts are not fully understood, this study shed light upon the possibilities of their usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R Marques
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique S Cesar
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Braga
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelita D Corrêa
- Chemistry Dept., Univ. Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Campus Universitário. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oliveira CS, Caldeira CAS, Diniz-Sousa R, Romero DL, Marcussi S, Moura LA, Fuly AL, de Carvalho C, Cavalcante WLG, Gallacci M, Pai MD, Zuliani JP, Calderon LA, Soares AM. Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:22. [PMID: 30181737 PMCID: PMC6114500 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cnidarians produce toxins, which are composed of different polypeptides that induce pharmacological effects of biotechnological interest, such as antitumor, antiophidic and anti-clotting activities. This study aimed to evaluate toxicological activities and potential as antitumor and antiophidic agents contained in total extracts from five cnidarians: Millepora alcicornis, Stichodactyla helianthus, Plexaura homomalla, Bartholomea annulata and Condylactis gigantea (total and body wall). METHODS The cnidarian extracts were evaluated by electrophoresis and for their phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, neuromuscular blocking, muscle-damaging, edema-inducing and cytotoxic activities. RESULTS All cnidarian extracts showed indirect hemolytic activity, but only S. helianthus induced direct hemolysis and neurotoxic effect. However, the hydrolysis of NBD-PC, a PLA2 substrate, was presented only by the C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus. The extracts from P. homomalla and S. helianthus induced edema, while only C. gigantea and S. helianthus showed intensified myotoxic activity. The proteolytic activity upon casein and fibrinogen was presented mainly by B. annulata extract and all were unable to induce hemorrhage or fibrinogen coagulation. Cnidarian extracts were able to neutralize clotting induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, except M. alcicornis. All cnidarian extracts were able to inhibit hemorrhagic activity induced by Bothrops moojeni venom. Only the C. gigantea (body wall) inhibited thrombin-induced coagulation. All cnidarian extracts showed antitumor effect against Jurkat cells, of which C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus were the most active; however, only C. gigantea (body wall) and M. alcicornis were active against B16F10 cells. CONCLUSION The cnidarian extracts analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms; these results may contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between cnidarian extracts and snake venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Rafaela Diniz-Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Dolores L. Romero
- Centro de Estudios de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG Brazil
| | - Laura A. Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular (GCM), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - André L. Fuly
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular (GCM), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Cicília de Carvalho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Walter L. G. Cavalcante
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Márcia Gallacci
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal Pai
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Brazilian Marine Biotechnology Network (BioTecMar Network), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Lucas (UniSL), Porto Velho, RO Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carregari VC, Rosa-Fernandes L, Baldasso P, Bydlowski SP, Marangoni S, Larsen MR, Palmisano G. Snake Venom Extracellular vesicles (SVEVs) reveal wide molecular and functional proteome diversity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12067. [PMID: 30104604 PMCID: PMC6089973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins constitute almost 95% of snake venom's dry weight and are produced and released by venom glands in a solubilized form during a snake bite. These proteins are responsible for inducing several pharmacological effects aiming to immobilize and initiate the pre-digestion of the prey. This study shows that proteins can be secreted and confined in snake venom extracellular vesicles (SVEVs) presenting a size distribution between 50 nm and 500 nm. SVEVs isolated from lyophilized venoms collected from four different species of snakes (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix, Crotalus atrox, Crotalus viridis and Crotalus cerberus oreganus) were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic, which allowed the identification of proteins belonging to eight main functional protein classes such as SVMPs, serine proteinases, PLA2, LAAO, 5'nucleotidase, C-type lectin, CRISP and Disintegrin. Biochemical assays indicated that SVEVs are functionally active, showing high metalloproteinase and fibrinogenolytic activity besides being cytotoxic against HUVEC cells. Overall, this study comprehensively depicts the protein composition of SVEVs for the first time. In addition, the molecular function of some of the described proteins suggests a central role for SVEVs in the cytotoxicity of the snake venom and sheds new light in the envenomation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Corassolla Carregari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, ICB, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, ICB, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paulo Baldasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, ICB, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A New Platelet-Aggregation-Inhibiting Factor Isolated from Bothrops moojeni Snake Venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4315832. [PMID: 29226136 PMCID: PMC5687129 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4315832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the purification and functional characterization of BmooPAi, a platelet-aggregation-inhibiting factor from Bothrops moojeni snake venom. The toxin was purified by a combination of three chromatographic steps (ion-exchange on DEAE-Sephacel, molecular exclusion on Sephadex G-75, and affinity chromatography on HiTrap™ Heparin HP). BmooPAi was found to be a single-chain protein with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa on 14% SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions. Sequencing of BmooPAi by Edman degradation revealed the amino acid sequence LGPDIVPPNELLEVM. The toxin was devoid of proteolytic, haemorrhagic, defibrinating, or coagulant activities and induced no significant oedema or hyperalgesia. BmooPAi showed a rather specific inhibitory effect on ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma, whereas it had little or no effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine diphosphate. The results presented in this work suggest that BmooPAi is a toxin comprised of disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains, originating from autolysis/proteolysis of PIII SVMPs from B. moojeni snake venom. This toxin may be of medical interest because it is a platelet aggregation inhibitor, which could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic agent to prevent and/or treat patients with thrombotic disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bae SK, Lee H, Heo Y, Pyo MJ, Choudhary I, Han CH, Yoon WD, Kang C, Kim E. In vitro characterization of jellyfish venom fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes from Nemopilema nomurai. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:35. [PMID: 28814953 PMCID: PMC5517827 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because jellyfish are capable of provoking envenomation in humans, they are considered hazardous organisms. Although the effects of their toxins are a matter of concern, information on the venom components, biological activity and pathological mechanisms are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate a serine protease component of Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) and unveil its characteristics. Methods To determine the relationship between fibrinolytic activity of NnV and the serine protease, fibrin zymography was performed using metalloprotease and serine protease inhibitors. The biochemical characterization of serine proteases of NnV were determined by the amidolytic assay. Fractions with fibrinolytic activity were obtained by DEAE cation exchange column. Results NnV displayed fibrinolytic activities with molecular masses of approximately 70, 35, 30, and 28 kDa. The fibrinolytic activity of NnV was completely obliterated by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a prototype serine protease inhibitor. Based on amidolytic assays using chromogenic substrates specific for various kinds of serine proteases, NnV predominantly manifested a chymotrypsin-like feature. Its activity was completely eliminated at low pH (< 6) and high temperatures (> 37 °C). Some metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+) strongly suppressed its fibrinolytic activity, while others (Ca2+ and Mg2+) failed to do so. Isolation of a serine protease with fibrionolytic activity from NnV revealed that only p3 showed the fibrinolytic activity, which was completely inhibited by PMSF. Conclusion The present study showed that N. nomurai jellyfish venom has a chymotrypsin-like serine protease with fibrinolytic activity. Such information might be useful for developing clinical management of jellyfish envenomation and pharmacological agents with therapeutic potential for thrombotic diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyeong Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam 52834, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yunwi Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam 52834, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Jung Pyo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Indu Choudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Han
- Headquarters for Marine Environment, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Shiran-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705 Korea
| | - Won Duk Yoon
- Headquarters for Marine Environment, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Shiran-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705 Korea
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Korea.,Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam 52834, Jinju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou B, Liu G, He Q, Li B, Yu X. Dacin, one metalloproteinase from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom inhibiting contraction of mouse ileum muscle. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 18:11. [PMID: 28701157 PMCID: PMC5508760 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Mice were bitten by five-pace vipers (Deinagkistrodon acutus), and then envenomed. It was well-known that the snake venom mainly disturbed the blood homeostasis of the envenomed victims. Ocassionally, we found that the venom of D. acutus could inhibit the contraction tension of mouse ileum, so in this study we aimed to identify the active component inhibiting the contraction tension of mouse ileum in the snake venom. Results The active component inhibiting the contraction tension of mouse ileum, designated as Dacin, was isolated from D. acutus venom, purified to protein homogeneity and composed of a single peptide chain, about 23 kDa analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and 22, 947. 9 Da measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. Not only the results of its PMF blasted by Mascot indicated that Dacin may be one snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), but also the results of the biochemical and in-vivo assays as follow demonstrated that it was one SVMP: it cleaved Aα and Bβ chains, not Cγ of bovine fibrinogen within 1 h, and also hydrolyzed fibrin polymer; besides its fibrino(geno)lytic activities were strongly inhibited by β- mercaptoethanol, EDTA and EGTA; and it could induce a hemorrhagic reaction under the dorsal skin of mouse. In the isolated tissue assays, Dacin caused the concentration-dependent and time-dependent inhibitory actions on the spontaneous contraction tension of the ileum smooth muscle of mouse, and the inhibitory effects were irreversible. Conclusions Taken together, for the first time one active component (Dacin, a SVMP) that irreversibly inhibited the spontaneous contraction tension of mouse ileum has been isolated and identified from D. acutus venom. The findings may provide not only a new insight for toxicological researches on SVMPs and venoms of the vipers, but also a reference for clinicians to treat the snake-bitten victims. However, Dacin’s inhibitory molecular mechanism will be further studied in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Breeding and Deep Processing of Venomous Snakes, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.,Library, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Breeding and Deep Processing of Venomous Snakes, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiyi He
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Breeding and Deep Processing of Venomous Snakes, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Bo Li
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Breeding and Deep Processing of Venomous Snakes, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Breeding and Deep Processing of Venomous Snakes, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Influence of phospholipasic inhibition on neuromuscular activity of Bothrops fonsecai snake venom. Toxicon 2017; 130:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
de Queiroz MR, de Sousa BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, Mamede CCN, Matias MS, de Morais NCG, de Oliveira Costa J, de Oliveira F. The role of platelets in hemostasis and the effects of snake venom toxins on platelet function. Toxicon 2017; 133:33-47. [PMID: 28435120 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The human body has a set of physiological processes, known as hemostasis, which keeps the blood fluid and free of clots in normal vessels; in the case of vascular injury, this process induces the local formation of a hemostatic plug, preventing hemorrhage. The hemostatic system in humans presents complex physiological interactions that involve platelets, plasma proteins, endothelial and subendothelial structures. Disequilibrium in the regulatory mechanisms that control the growth and the size of the thrombus is one of the factors that favors the development of diseases related to vascular disorders such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which are among the leading causes of death in the western world. Interfering with platelet function is a strategy for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. Antiplatelet drugs are used mainly in cases related to arterial thrombosis and interfere in the formation of the platelet plug by different mechanisms. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the oldest and most widely used antithrombotic drug. Although highly effective in most cases, aspirin has limitations compared to other drugs used in the treatment of homeostatic disorders. For this reason, research related to molecules that interfere with platelet aggregation are of great relevance. In this regard, snake venoms are known to contain a number of molecules that interfere with hemostasis, including platelet function. The mechanisms by which snake venom components inhibit or activate platelet aggregation are varied and can be used as tools for the diagnosis and the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. The aim of this review is to present the role of platelets in hemostasis and the mechanisms by which snake venom toxins interfere with platelet function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ribeiro de Queiroz
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barbosa de Sousa
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristine Neves Mamede
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Matias
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Júnia de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Isolation and characterization of a novel metalloprotease inhibitor from Bothrops alternatus snake serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:436-446. [PMID: 28163123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of snakes and some other animals to snake envenomation has been attributed to soluble factors present in their tissues. Here we report the isolation of a novel metalloprotease inhibitor from Bothrops alternatus snake serum (named BaltMPI) with high purity, using a four-step chromatographic method. BaltMPI has molecular weights of 60.5 and 42.4kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, respectively, and pI=5.27. The first 60 amino acids from the N-terminal region of BaltMPI, determined by Edman's degradation, showed high homology (97%) with the snake venom metalloprotease inhibitor (SVMPI) BJ46a and other SVMPIs (78-82%). The chromatographic fractions and purified BaltMPI exhibited anti-hemorrhagic activity against Batroxase and BjussuMP-I. BaltMPI was stable over wide ranges of pH (1, 5, 8, and 9) and temperature (-80, -20, 4, 60, and 100°C), and suppressed the fibrinogenolytic, fibrinolytic, and azocaseinolytic activities of Batroxase. BaltMPI specifically inhibited the activity of metalloproteases, without affecting the activity of serine proteases. Together, our results suggest that BaltMPI and other SVMPIs are promising molecules for the treatment of snake envenomation, in particular that caused by Bothrops sp.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gutiérrez JM, Escalante T, Rucavado A, Herrera C, Fox JW. A Comprehensive View of the Structural and Functional Alterations of Extracellular Matrix by Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs): Novel Perspectives on the Pathophysiology of Envenoming. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100304. [PMID: 27782073 PMCID: PMC5086664 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) affect the extracellular matrix (ECM) in multiple and complex ways. Previously, the combination of various methodological platforms, including electron microscopy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, has allowed a partial understanding of such complex pathology. In recent years, the proteomics analysis of exudates collected in the vicinity of tissues affected by SVMPs has provided novel and exciting information on SVMP-induced ECM alterations. The presence of fragments of an array of ECM proteins, including those of the basement membrane, has revealed a complex pathological scenario caused by the direct action of SVMPs. In addition, the time-course analysis of these changes has underscored that degradation of some fibrillar collagens is likely to depend on the action of endogenous proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), synthesized as a consequence of the inflammatory process. The action of SVMPs on the ECM also results in the release of ECM-derived biologically-active peptides that exert diverse actions in the tissue, some of which might be associated with reparative events or with further tissue damage. The study of the effects of SVMP on the ECM is an open field of research which may bring a renewed understanding of snake venom-induced pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Alexandra Rucavado
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Cristina Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Jay W Fox
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22959, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Expression and partial biochemical characterization of a recombinant serine protease from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Toxicon 2016; 115:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
34
|
Gutiérrez JM, Escalante T, Rucavado A, Herrera C. Hemorrhage Caused by Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: A Journey of Discovery and Understanding. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:93. [PMID: 27023608 PMCID: PMC4848620 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical development of discoveries and conceptual frames for understanding the hemorrhagic activity induced by viperid snake venoms and by hemorrhagic metalloproteinases (SVMPs) present in these venoms is reviewed. Histological and ultrastructural tools allowed the identification of the capillary network as the main site of action of SVMPs. After years of debate, biochemical developments demonstrated that all hemorrhagic toxins in viperid venoms are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases. Hemorrhagic SVMPs act by initially hydrolyzing key substrates at the basement membrane (BM) of capillaries. This degradation results in the weakening of the mechanical stability of the capillary wall, which becomes distended owing of the action of the hemodynamic biophysical forces operating in the circulation. As a consequence, the capillary wall is disrupted and extravasation occurs. SVMPs do not induce rapid toxicity to endothelial cells, and the pathological effects described in these cells in vivo result from the mechanical action of these hemodynamic forces. Experimental evidence suggests that degradation of type IV collagen, and perhaps also perlecan, is the key event in the onset of microvessel damage. It is necessary to study this phenomenon from a holistic, systemic perspective in which the action of other venom components is also taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Alexandra Rucavado
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Cristina Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Suntravat M, Uzcategui NL, Atphaisit C, Helmke TJ, Lucena SE, Sánchez EE, Acosta AR. Gene expression profiling of the venom gland from the Venezuelan mapanare (Bothrops colombiensis) using expressed sequence tags (ESTs). BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:7. [PMID: 26944950 PMCID: PMC4779267 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bothrops colombiensis is a highly dangerous pit viper and responsible for over 70% of snakebites in Venezuela. Although the composition in B. colombiensis venom has been identified using a proteome analysis, the venom gland transcriptome is currently lacking. RESULTS We constructed a cDNA library from the venom gland of B. colombiensis, and a set of 729 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was identified. A total number of 344 ESTs (47.2% of total ESTs) was related to toxins. The most abundant toxin transcripts were metalloproteinases (37.5%), phospholipases A2s (PLA2, 29.7%), and serine proteinases (11.9%). Minor toxin transcripts were linked to waprins (5.5%), C-type lectins (4.1%), ATPases (2.9%), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP, 2.3%), snake venom vascular endothelium growth factors (svVEGF, 2.3%), L-amino acid oxidases (2%), and other putative toxins (1.7%). While 160 ESTs (22% of total ESTs) coded for translation proteins, regulatory proteins, ribosomal proteins, elongation factors, release factors, metabolic proteins, and immune response proteins. Other proteins detected in the transcriptome (87 ESTs, 11.9% of total ESTs) were undescribed proteins with unknown functions. The remaining 138 (18.9%) cDNAs had no match with known GenBank accessions. CONCLUSION This study represents the analysis of transcript expressions and provides a physical resource of unique genes for further study of gene function and the development of novel molecules for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
| | - Néstor L Uzcategui
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Chairat Atphaisit
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
| | - Thomas J Helmke
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
| | - Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
| | - Alexis Rodríguez Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Snake Venomics and Antivenomics of Bothrops diporus, a Medically Important Pitviper in Northeastern Argentina. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 8:toxins8010009. [PMID: 26712790 PMCID: PMC4728531 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake species within genus Bothrops are responsible for more than 80% of the snakebites occurring in South America. The species that cause most envenomings in Argentina, B. diporus, is widely distributed throughout the country, but principally found in the Northeast, the region with the highest rates of snakebites. The venom proteome of this medically relevant snake was unveiled using a venomic approach. It comprises toxins belonging to fourteen protein families, being dominated by PI- and PIII-SVMPs, PLA2 molecules, BPP-like peptides, L-amino acid oxidase and serine proteinases. This toxin profile largely explains the characteristic pathophysiological effects of bothropic snakebites observed in patients envenomed by B. diporus. Antivenomic analysis of the SAB antivenom (Instituto Vital Brazil) against the venom of B. diporus showed that this pentabothropic antivenom efficiently recognized all the venom proteins and exhibited poor affinity towards the small peptide (BPPs and tripeptide inhibitors of PIII-SVMPs) components of the venom.
Collapse
|
37
|
Baraldi PT, Magro AJ, Matioli FF, Marcussi S, Lemke N, Calderon LA, Stábeli RG, Soares AM, Correa AG, Fontes MRM. A novel synthetic quinolinone inhibitor presents proteolytic and hemorrhagic inhibitory activities against snake venom metalloproteases. Biochimie 2015; 121:179-88. [PMID: 26700145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteases play a fundamental role in snake venom envenomation inducing hemorrhagic, fibrigen(ogen)olytic and myotoxic effects in their victims. Several snake venoms, such as those from the Bothrops genus, present important local effects which are not efficiently neutralized by conventional serum therapy. Consequently, these accidents may result in permanent sequelae and disability, creating economic and social problems, especially in developing countries, leading the attention of the World Health Organization that considered ophidic envenomations a neglected tropical disease. Aiming to produce an efficient inhibitor against bothropic venoms, we synthesized different molecules classified as quinolinones - a group of low-toxic chemical compounds widely used as antibacterial and antimycobacterial drugs - and tested their inhibitory properties against hemorrhage caused by bothropic venoms. The results from this initial screening indicated the molecule 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-quinolinone (Q8) was the most effective antihemorrhagic compound among all of the assayed synthetic quinolinones. Other in vitro and in vivo experiments showed this novel compound was able to inhibit significantly the hemorrhagic and/or proteolytic activities of bothropic crude venoms and isolated snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs) even at lower concentrations. Docking and molecular dynamic simulations were also performed to get insights into the structural basis of Q8 inhibitory mechanism against proteolytic and hemorrhagic SVMPs. These structural studies demonstrated that Q8 may form a stable complex with SVMPs, impairing the access of substrates to the active sites of these toxins. Therefore, both experimental and structural data indicate that Q8 compound is an interesting candidate for antiophidic therapy, particularly for the treatment of the hemorrhagic and necrotic effects induced by bothropic venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia T Baraldi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelo J Magro
- Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio F Matioli
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Ney Lemke
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), unidade Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Stábeli
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), unidade Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), unidade Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Arlene G Correa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R M Fontes
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kayano AM, Simões-Silva R, Medeiros PS, Maltarollo VG, Honorio KM, Oliveira E, Albericio F, da Silva SL, Aguiar ACC, Krettli AU, Fernandes CF, Zuliani JP, Calderon LA, Stábeli RG, Soares AM. BbMP-1, a new metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops brazili snake venom with in vitro antiplasmodial properties. Toxicon 2015; 106:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Oliveira CHDM, Assaid Simão A, Marcussi S. Inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin B-complex on the biological activities induced by Bothrops venom. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:845-852. [PMID: 26452622 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1087038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Natural compounds have been widely studied with the aim of complementing antiophidic serum therapy. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the inhibitory potential of ascorbic acid and a vitamin complex, composed of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and all the B-complex vitamins, on the biological activities induced by snake venoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of vitamins was evaluated on the phospholipase, proteolytic, coagulant, and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by Bothrops moojeni (Viperidae), B. jararacussu, and B. alternatus snake venoms, and the hemagglutinating activity induced by B. jararacussu venom. RESULTS The vitamin complex (1:5 and 1:10 ratios) totally inhibited the fibrinogenolytic activity and partially the phospholipase activity and proteolytic activity on azocasein induced by the evaluated venoms. Significant inhibition was observed in the coagulation of human plasma induced by venoms from B. alternatus (1:2.5 and 1:5, to vitamin complex and ascorbic acid) and B. moojeni (1:2.5 and 1:5, to vitamin complex and ascorbic acid). Ascorbic acid inhibited 100% of the proteolytic activities of B. moojeni and B. alternatus on azocasein, at 1:10 ratio, the effects of all the venoms on fibrinogen, the hemagglutinating activity of B. jararacussu venom, and also extended the plasma coagulation time induced by all venoms analyzed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The vitamins analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms, suggesting their interaction with toxins belonging to the phospholipase A2, protease, and lectin classes. The results can aid further research in clarifying the possible mechanisms of interaction between vitamins and snake enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique de Moura Oliveira
- a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal De Lavras (UFLA) , Campus UFLA , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Anderson Assaid Simão
- a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal De Lavras (UFLA) , Campus UFLA , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal De Lavras (UFLA) , Campus UFLA , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Menaldo DL, Jacob-Ferreira AL, Bernardes CP, Cintra ACO, Sampaio SV. Purification procedure for the isolation of a P-I metalloprotease and an acidic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops atrox snake venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:28. [PMID: 26273288 PMCID: PMC4535780 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snake venoms are complex mixtures of inorganic and organic components, mainly proteins and peptides. Standardization of methods for isolating bioactive molecules from snake venoms is extremely difficult due to the complex and highly variable composition of venoms, which can be influenced by factors such as age and geographic location of the specimen. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize a simple purification methodology for obtaining a P-I class metalloprotease (MP) and an acidic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Bothrops atrox venom, and biochemically characterize these molecules to enable future functional studies. Methods To obtain the toxins of interest, a method has been standardized using consecutive isolation steps. The purity level of the molecules was confirmed by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The enzymes were characterized by determining their molecular masses, isoelectric points, specific functional activity and partial amino acid sequencing. Results The metalloprotease presented molecular mass of 22.9 kDa and pI 7.4, with hemorrhagic and fibrin(ogen)olytic activities, and its partial amino acid sequence revealed high similarity with other P-I class metalloproteases. These results suggest that the isolated metalloprotease is Batroxase, a P-I metalloprotease previously described by our research group. The phospholipase A2 showed molecular mass of 13.7 kDa and pI 6.5, with high phospholipase activity and similarity to other acidic PLA2s from snake venoms. These data suggest that the acidic PLA2 is a novel enzyme from B. atrox venom, being denominated BatroxPLA2. Conclusions The present study successfully standardized a simple methodology to isolate the metalloprotease Batroxase and the acidic PLA2 BatroxPLA2 from the venom of B. atrox, consisting mainly of classical chromatographic processes. These two enzymes will be used in future studies to evaluate their effects on the complement system and the inflammatory process, in addition to the thrombolytic potential of the metalloprotease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo L Menaldo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Anna L Jacob-Ferreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Carolina P Bernardes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Boldrini-França J, Santos Rodrigues R, Santos-Silva LK, de Souza DLN, Gomes MSR, Cologna CT, de Pauw E, Quinton L, Henrique-Silva F, de Melo Rodrigues V, Arantes EC. Expression of a new serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom in Pichia pastoris and functional comparison with the native enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9971-86. [PMID: 26227411 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs) act primarily on plasma proteins related to blood clotting and are considered promising for the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. We report the heterologous expression of a serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus, named collinein-1, in Pichia pastoris, as well as the enzymatic comparative characterization of the toxin in native and recombinant forms. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding collinein-1 was amplified from cDNA library of C. d. collilineatus venom gland and cloned into the pPICZαA vector. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform cells of KM71H P. pastoris. Heterologous expression was induced by methanol and yielded 56 mg of recombinant collinein-1 (rCollinein-1) per liter of culture. The native collinein-1 was purified from C. d. collilineatus venom, and its identity was confirmed by amino acid sequencing. The native and recombinant enzymes showed similar effects upon bovine fibrinogen by releasing preferentially fibrinopeptide A. Although both enzymes have induced plasma coagulation, native Colinein-1 has shown higher coagulant activity. The serine proteases were able to hydrolyze the chromogenic substrates S-2222, S-2238, and S2302. Both enzymes showed high stability on different pH and temperature, and their esterase activities were inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+. The serine proteases showed similar k cat/K m values in enzyme kinetics assays, suggesting no significant differences in efficiency of these proteins to hydrolyze the substrate. These results demonstrated that rCollinein-1 was expressed with functional integrity on the evaluated parameters. The success in producing a functionally active recombinant SVSP may generate perspectives to their future therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johara Boldrini-França
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Lorena Naves de Souza
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Rocha Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Edwin de Pauw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Achê DC, Gomes MSR, de Souza DLN, Silva MA, Brandeburgo MIH, Yoneyama KAG, Rodrigues RS, Borges MH, Lopes DS, Rodrigues VDM. Biochemical properties of a new PI SVMP from Bothrops pauloensis: Inhibition of cell adhesion and angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:445-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
43
|
Félix-Silva J, Souza T, Camara RBBG, Cabral B, Silva-Júnior AA, Rebecchi IMM, Zucolotto SM, Rocha HAO, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:405. [PMID: 25328027 PMCID: PMC4210492 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant largely used in folk medicine. Teas from the leaves are popularly used as an antithrombotic agent and the branches are frequently employed as a "thick blood" agent. Considering that the anticoagulant activity associated with antioxidant properties could be beneficial for various cardiovascular diseases, this study's aim is the evaluation of anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of J. gossypiifolia leaves, seeking new therapeutic purposes for this plant. METHODS The aqueous leaf crude extract (CE) was prepared by decoction and was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition with solvents of increasing polarity. The phytochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by the spectrophotometric quantification of sugars, proteins and phenolic compounds. The anticoagulant activity was evaluated by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. The capacity to act in the fibrinolytic system (fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities) was also assessed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, copper chelating activity, iron chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The potential toxicity was evaluated using hemolytic assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay on HEK-293 cells. RESULTS CE showed significant anticoagulant activity in aPTT test, while no action was observed in PT test, suggesting a preferential action toward the intrinsic and/or common pathway of coagulation. No effect was observed in the fibrinolytic system. Using the aPTT test, it was observed that the residual aqueous (RA) fraction was the most active, being two times more active than CE. RA presented very significant antioxidant activity in all models tested comparable to or even higher than CE. Regarding the safety, CE and RA did not produce significant cytotoxicity in both tests employed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, steroids and/or terpenoids and sugars. CONCLUSIONS CE and RA possessed significant anticoagulant and antioxidant activity and absence of cytotoxic effect in vitro, thus showing the potential of the plant, especially RA fraction, as a new source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes, with particular emphasis on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
44
|
Gomes MSR, Naves de Souza DL, Guimarães DO, Lopes DS, Mamede CCN, Gimenes SNC, Achê DC, Rodrigues RS, Yoneyama KAG, Borges MH, de Oliveira F, Rodrigues VM. Biochemical and functional characterization of Bothropoidin: the first haemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. J Biochem 2014; 157:137-49. [PMID: 25261583 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the biochemical and functional characterization of Bothropoidin, the first haemorrhagic metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. This protein was purified after three chromatographic steps on cation exchange CM-Sepharose fast flow, size-exclusion column Sephacryl S-300 and anion exchange Capto Q. Bothropoidin was homogeneous by SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing conditions, and comprised a single chain of 49,558 Da according to MALDI TOF analysis. The protein presented an isoelectric point of 3.76, and the sequence of six fragments obtained by MS (MALDI TOF\TOF) showed a significant score when compared with other PIII Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). Bothropoidin showed proteolytic activity on azocasein, Aα-chain of fibrinogen, fibrin, collagen and fibronectin. The enzyme was stable at pH 6-9 and at lower temperatures when assayed on azocasein. Moreover, its activity was inhibited by EDTA, 1.10-phenanthroline and β-mercaptoethanol. Bothropoidin induced haemorrhage [minimum haemorrhagic dose (MHD) = 0.75 µg], inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP, and interfered with viability and cell adhesion when incubated with endothelial cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Our results showed that Bothropoidin is a haemorrhagic metalloproteinase that can play an important role in the toxicity of B. pauloensis envenomation and might be used as a tool for studying the effects of SVMPs on haemostatic disorders and tumour metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sérgio R Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Dayane L Naves de Souza
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Denise O Guimarães
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Daiana S Lopes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Carla C N Mamede
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Sarah Natalie C Gimenes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - David C Achê
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Renata S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Kelly A G Yoneyama
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia H Borges
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Félix-Silva J, Souza T, Menezes YAS, Cabral B, Câmara RBG, Silva-Junior AA, Rocha HAO, Rebecchi IMM, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) inhibits enzymatic and biological actions of Bothrops jararaca snake venom. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104952. [PMID: 25126759 PMCID: PMC4134247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are a serious public health problem due their high morbi-mortality. The main available specific treatment is the antivenom serum therapy, which has some disadvantages, such as poor neutralization of local effects, risk of immunological reactions, high cost and difficult access in some regions. In this context, the search for alternative therapies is relevant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiophidic properties of Jatropha gossypiifolia, a medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat snakebites. The aqueous leaf extract of the plant was prepared by decoction and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes and/or steroids and proteins. The extract was able to inhibit enzymatic and biologic activities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom in vitro and in vivo. The blood incoagulability was efficiently inhibited by the extract by oral route. The hemorrhagic and edematogenic local effects were also inhibited, the former by up to 56% and the latter by 100%, in animals treated with extract by oral and intraperitoneal routes, respectively. The inhibition of myotoxic action of B. jararaca reached almost 100%. According to enzymatic tests performed, it is possible to suggest that the antiophidic activity may be due an inhibitory action upon snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and/or serine proteinases (SVSPs), including fibrinogenolytic enzymes, clotting factors activators and thrombin like enzymes (SVTLEs), as well upon catalytically inactive phospholipases A2 (Lys49 PLA2). Anti-inflammatory activity, at least partially, could also be related to the inhibition of local effects. Additionally, protein precipitating and antioxidant activities may also be important features contributing to the activity presented. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the potential antiophidic activity of J. gossypiifolia extract, including its significant action upon local effects, suggesting that it may be used as a new source of bioactive molecules against bothropic venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Yamara A. S. Menezes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cabral
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. G. Câmara
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A. Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hugo A. O. Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ivanise M. M. Rebecchi
- Laboratório de Hematologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Silvana M. Zucolotto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee EH, Park JE, Park JW, Lee JS. Purification and biochemical characterization of a fibrin(ogen)olytic metalloprotease from Macrovipera mauritanica snake venom which induces vascular permeability. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1180-90. [PMID: 25069477 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel fibrin(ogen)olytic metalloprotease from Macrovipera mauritanica snake venom was purified and characterized in terms of enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity. The purified enzyme [termed snake venom metalloprotease-Macrovipera mauritanica (SVMP‑MM)] was composed of a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 27 kDa, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminus of the enzyme was composed of NH(2)-QRFAPRYIEL-COOH, as determined by N-terminal sequencing. The Aα- and the Bβ-chains of fibrinogen were completely cleaved by SVMP-MM within 20 and 480 min, respectively. However, the γ-chain was much more resistant to digestion by the enzyme. The enzyme also exhibited proteolytic activity, cleaving the α-α polymer of cross-linked fibrin, but did not effectively digest the γ-γ polymer. To determine the kinetic parameters for SVMP-MM, a fluorescence-quenching peptide (termed o-aminobenzoic acid-HTEKLVTS-2,4-dinitrophenyl‑NH(2)) containing a K-L sequence for SVMP-MM cleavage was designed and synthesized. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were found to be 5.5 and 37˚C, respectively, when the fluorogenic substrate was synthesized and used as a substrate. Among the various divalent cations tested, Ni(2+) and Cu(2+) showed strong inhibitory effects on enzyme activity, with an average of 69.6% inhibition. The enzyme activity was also inhibited by treatment with 1,10-phenanthroline, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and glycol-bis-(2‑aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid, but not with aprotinin, tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone and tosyl-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, suggesting that SVMP-MM is a metalloprotease and not a serine protease. The enzymatic parameters, including the K(M), k(cat), and k(cat)/K(M) values were estimated to be 0.015 mM, 0.031 sec(-1), and 20.67 mM(-1)sec(-1), respectively. SVMP-MM induced vascular permeability by digesting type IV collagen. The results obtained in our study demonstrate that SVMP-MM is a fibrin(ogen)olytic P-I class metalloprotease, which can induce a hemorrhagic reaction in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rapid purification of a new P-I class metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni venom with antiplatelet activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:352420. [PMID: 24982866 PMCID: PMC4058653 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the proteolytic and biological activities of a new metalloproteinase from B. moojeni venom. The purification of BmooMPα-II was carried out through two chromatographic steps (ion-exchange and affinity). BmooMPα-II is a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular mass of 22.5 kDa on SDS-PAGE 14% under nonreducing conditions. The N-terminal sequence (FSPRYIELVVVADHGMFTKYKSNLN) revealed homology with other snake venom metalloproteinases, mainly among P-I class. BmooMPα-II cleaves Aα-chain of fibrinogen followed by Bβ-chain, and does not show any effect on the γ-chain. Its optimum temperature and pH for the fibrinogenolytic activity were 30–50°C and pH 8, respectively. The inhibitory effects of EDTA and 1,10-phenantroline on the fibrinogenolytic activity suggest that BmooMPα-II is a metalloproteinase. This proteinase was devoid of haemorrhagic, coagulant, or anticoagulant activities. BmooMPα-II caused morphological alterations in liver, lung, kidney, and muscle of Swiss mice. The enzymatically active protein yet inhibited collagen, ADP, and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that BmooMPα-II contributes to the toxic effect of the envenomation and that more investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition of platelet aggregation may contribute to the studies of snake venom on thrombotic disorders.
Collapse
|
48
|
Understanding structural and functional aspects of PII snake venom metalloproteinases: Characterization of BlatH1, a hemorrhagic dimeric enzyme from the venom of Bothriechis lateralis. Biochimie 2014; 101:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:656-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt 44519
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Biochemical and functional characterization of Parawixia bistriata spider venom with potential proteolytic and larvicidal activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:950538. [PMID: 24895632 PMCID: PMC4033418 DOI: 10.1155/2014/950538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Toxins purified from the venom of spiders have high potential to be studied pharmacologically and biochemically. These biomolecules may have biotechnological and therapeutic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the protein content of Parawixia bistriata venom and functionally characterize its proteins that have potential for biotechnological applications. The crude venom showed no phospholipase, hemorrhagic, or anti-Leishmania activities attesting to low genotoxicity and discrete antifungal activity for C. albicans. However the following activities were observed: anticoagulation, edema, myotoxicity and proteolysis on casein, azo-collagen, and fibrinogen. The chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles of the proteins revealed a predominance of acidic, neutral, and polar proteins, highlighting the presence of proteins with high molecular masses. Five fractions were collected using cation exchange chromatography, with the P4 fraction standing out as that of the highest purity. All fractions showed proteolytic activity. The crude venom and fractions P1, P2, and P3 showed larvicidal effects on A. aegypti. Fraction P4 showed the presence of a possible metalloprotease (60 kDa) that has high proteolytic activity on azo-collagen and was inhibited by EDTA. The results presented in this study demonstrate the presence of proteins in the venom of P. bistriata with potential for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|