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Baysan M, Broere M, Wille ME, Bergsma JE, Mik EG, Juffermans NP, Tsonaka R, van der Bom JG, Arbous SM. Description of mitochondrial oxygen tension and its variability in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300602. [PMID: 38829894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describing mitochondrial oxygenation (mitoPO2) and its within- and between-subject variability over time after 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plaster application in healthy volunteers. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Measurements were performed in Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Healthy volunteers enrolled from July to September 2020. INTERVENTIONS Two ALA plasters were placed parasternal left and right, with a 3-hour time interval, to examine the influence of the calendar time on the value of mitoPO2. We measured mitoPO2 at 4, 5, 7, 10, 28, and 31 hours after ALA plaster 1 application, and at 4, 5, 7, 25, and 28 hours after ALA plaster 2 application. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES At each time point, five mitoPO2 measurements were performed. Within-subject variability was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of the mean of five measurements per timepoint of a study participant. The between-subject variability was the SD of the mean mitoPO2 value of the study population per timepoint. RESULTS In 16 completed inclusions, median mitoPO2 values and within-subject variability were relatively similar over time at all time points for both plasters. An increase in overall between-subject variability was seen after 25 hours ALA plaster time (19.6 mm Hg vs 23.9 mm Hg after respectively 10 and 25 hours ALA plaster time). CONCLUSIONS The mitoPO2 values and within-subject variability remained relatively stable over time in healthy volunteers. An increase in between-subject variability was seen after 25 hours ALA plaster time warranting replacement of the ALA plaster one day after its application. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov with trial number NCT04626661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Baysan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin/Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Broere
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin/Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Wille
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jule E Bergsma
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert G Mik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory of Translation Intensive Care, Erasmus MC- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roula Tsonaka
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin/Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sesmu M Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Huynh GT, Tunny SS, Frith JE, Meagher L, Corrie SR. Organosilica Nanosensors for Monitoring Spatiotemporal Changes in Oxygen Levels in Bacterial Cultures. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2383-2394. [PMID: 38687178 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a central role in aerobic metabolism, and while many approaches have been developed to measure oxygen concentration in biological environments over time, monitoring spatiotemporal changes in dissolved oxygen levels remains challenging. To address this, we developed a ratiometric core-shell organosilica nanosensor for continuous, real-time optical monitoring of oxygen levels in biological environments. The nanosensors demonstrate good steady state characteristics (KpSV = 0.40 L/mg, R2 = 0.95) and respond reversibly to changes in oxygen concentration in buffered solutions and report similar oxygen level changes in response to bacterial cell growth (Escherichia coli) in comparison to a commercial bulk optode-based sensing film. We further demonstrated that the oxygen nanosensors could be distributed within a growing culture of E. coli and used to record oxygen levels over time and in different locations within a static culture, opening the possibility of spatiotemporal monitoring in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Huynh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Salma S Tunny
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Simon R Corrie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Golub AS, Song BK, Nugent WH, Pittman RN. Dynamics of PO 2 and VO 2 in resting and contracting rat spinotrapezius muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172834. [PMID: 37538372 PMCID: PMC10396398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined changes in interstitial PO2, which allowed calculation of VO2 during periods of rest, muscle contraction and recovery using an in situ rat spinotrapezius muscle preparation. The PO2 was measured using phosphorescence quenching microscopy and the muscle VO2 was calculated as the rate of O2 disappearance during brief periods of muscle compression to stop blood flow with a supra-systolic pressure. The PO2 and VO2 measurements were made during "5 s compression and 15 s recovery" (CR) cycles. With all three stimulation frequencies, 1, 2 and 4 Hz, the fall in interstitial PO2 and rise in VO2 from resting values occurred within the first 20 s of contraction. The PO2 during contraction became lower as stimulation frequency increased from 1 to 4 Hz. VO2 was higher at 2 Hz than at 1 Hz contraction. With cessation of stimulation, PO2 began increasing exponentially towards baseline values. After 1 and 2 Hz contraction, the fall in muscle VO2 was delayed by one CR cycle and then exponentially decreased towards resting values. After 4 Hz stimulation, VO2 increased for 2 cycles and then decreased. The post-contraction transients of PO2 and VO2 were not synchronous and had different time constants. With further analysis two distinct functional responses were identified across all stimulation frequencies having PO2 during contraction above or below 30 mmHg. The corresponding VO2 responses were different - for "high" PO2, muscle VO2 reached high levels, while for the "low" PO2 data set muscle VO2 remained low. Recovery patterns were similar to those described above. In summary, local microscopic PO2 and VO2 were measured in resting and contracting muscle in situ and the post-contraction transients of PO2 and VO2 were all much slower than the onset transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander S. Golub
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Song Biotechnologies LLC, Cockeysville, MD, United States
| | - Bjorn K. Song
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Song Biotechnologies LLC, Cockeysville, MD, United States
| | - William H. Nugent
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Song Biotechnologies LLC, Cockeysville, MD, United States
| | - Roland N. Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Functional photoacoustic microscopy of hemodynamics: a review. Biomed Eng Lett 2022; 12:97-124. [PMID: 35529339 PMCID: PMC9046529 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional blood imaging can reflect tissue metabolism and organ viability, which is important for life science and biomedical studies. However, conventional imaging modalities either cannot provide sufficient contrast or cannot support simultaneous multi-functional imaging for hemodynamics. Photoacoustic imaging, as a hybrid imaging modality, can provide sufficient optical contrast and high spatial resolution, making it a powerful tool for in vivo vascular imaging. By using the optical-acoustic confocal alignment, photoacoustic imaging can even provide subcellular insight, referred as optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM). Based on a multi-wavelength laser source and developed the calculation methods, OR-PAM can provide multi-functional hemodynamic microscopic imaging of the total hemoglobin concentration (CHb), oxygen saturation (sO2), blood flow (BF), partial oxygen pressure (pO2), oxygen extraction fraction, and metabolic rate of oxygen (MRO2). This concise review aims to systematically introduce the principles and methods to acquire various functional parameters for hemodynamics by photoacoustic microscopy in recent studies, with characteristics and advantages comparison, typical biomedical applications introduction, and future outlook discussion.
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Godet I, Doctorman S, Wu F, Gilkes DM. Detection of Hypoxia in Cancer Models: Significance, Challenges, and Advances. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040686. [PMID: 35203334 PMCID: PMC8869817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cancer cells combined with deficient vessels cause regions of nutrient and O2 deprivation in solid tumors. Some cancer cells can adapt to these extreme hypoxic conditions and persist to promote cancer progression. Intratumoral hypoxia has been consistently associated with a worse patient prognosis. In vitro, 3D models of spheroids or organoids can recapitulate spontaneous O2 gradients in solid tumors. Likewise, in vivo murine models of cancer reproduce the physiological levels of hypoxia that have been measured in human tumors. Given the potential clinical importance of hypoxia in cancer progression, there is an increasing need to design methods to measure O2 concentrations. O2 levels can be directly measured with needle-type probes, both optical and electrochemical. Alternatively, indirect, noninvasive approaches have been optimized, and include immunolabeling endogenous or exogenous markers. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, and luminescent reporters have also been employed experimentally to provide dynamic measurements of O2 in live cells or tumors. In medical imaging, modalities such as MRI and PET are often the method of choice. This review provides a comparative overview of the main methods utilized to detect hypoxia in cell culture and preclinical models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Godet
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Steven Doctorman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
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Al Shamsi M, Shahin A, Kamyan D, Alnaqbi A, Shaban S, Souid AK. Conserved spinal cord bioenergetics in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL6 mice, measured using phosphorescence oxygen analyzer. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08111. [PMID: 34693048 PMCID: PMC8511844 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that spinal cord respiration (cellular mitochondrial oxygen consumption) and ATP content are conserved in the studied model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), foreseeing a recovery of the diseased rats. This exemplary lesion of multiple sclerosis is used here to measure spinal cord bioenergetics in C57BL6 mice. Our hypothesis is that, despite the well-known focal axonal mitochondrial pathology, bioenergetics of the CNS is reasonably preserved in this disease. Methods EAE was induced with an immunodominant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein epitope in complete Freund's adjuvant, appended by injections of pertussis toxin. A low- and high-dose of the encephalitogen, administered into base of tail or hind-flank, were investigated. Control mice received only the incomplete adjuvant into tail. Oxygen measurements were based on quenching the phosphorescence of Pd(II) meso-tetra (sulfophenyl) tetrabenzoporphyrin by molecular oxygen. Cellular ATP was measured using the luciferin/luciferase system. Results The kinetics of spinal cord oxygen consumption was zero-order (linear with time) and inhibited by cyanide, confirming oxygen was reduced by cytochrome oxidase. The rate of respiration (in μM O2.min−1.mg−1; measured on Days 13–28) in control mice was (mean ± SD) 0.086 ± 0.024 (n = 8) and in immunized mice was 0.079 ± 0.020 (n = 15, P = 0.265, Mann-Whitney test). Consistently, cellular ATP (in μmol mg−1 dry pellet weight; measured on Days 13–28) in control mice was 0.068 ± 0.079 (n = 11) and in immunized mice was 0.063 ± 0.061 (n = 24, P = 0.887, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions In vitro measurements of spinal cord bioenergetics show conservation of the mitochondrial function in mice with EAE. These results suggest the previously documented reduced mitochondrial electrochemical potential in this disease is alterable, and likely reflects the adverse events of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al Shamsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UAE University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Allen Shahin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UAE University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Doua Kamyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UAE University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alanood Alnaqbi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UAE University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sami Shaban
- Department of Medical Education, UAE University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, UAE University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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The use of phosphorescence oxygen analyzer to measure the effects of rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium on striatal cellular respiration in C57BL6 mice. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07219. [PMID: 34159274 PMCID: PMC8203712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported on the use of the phosphorescence oxygen analyzer for measuring spinal cord cellular respiration. This analytical tool is used here to investigate the effects of two inhibitors of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, on cellular respiration in striatal tissue. Both neurotoxins can induce Parkinson's disease-like symptoms, and have been used to study this disease in animals. Our hypothesis is that striatal cellular respiration is a sensitive biomarker for the adverse effects of toxins, and the phosphorescence oxygen analyzer can be used as a screening tool for this purpose. Methods Striatal fragments were collected from C57BL6 mice and immersed in Pd phosphor solution [phosphate-buffered saline, 3.0 μM 'Pd(II)-meso-tetra (sulfophenyl) tetrabenzoporphyrin' and 0.5% fat-free albumin, with and without 5.0 mM glucose]. The sample was transferred to a glass vial containing 2-mL Pd phosphor solution. The vial was sealed from air and placed in the instrument that measures dissolved oxygen as function of time. Immunoblots of the studied tissue were positive for the dopamine neuronal cell biomarker tyrosine hydroxylase. Results Striatal oxygen consumption was linear with time, exhibiting zero-order kinetics of oxygen reduction by cytochrome oxidase. Cyanide sensitive respiration was ≥90%, confirming oxygen was reduced by cytochrome oxidase. The rate of respiration increased by ~2-fold in the presence of glucose. Striatal oxygen consumption in the presence of rotenone or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was exponential, demonstrating impaired respiration. Conclusion Striatal cellular mitochondrial oxygen consumption was impaired by the studied inhibitors of complex I of the respiratory chain. This effect is expected to deplete NAD+ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a principle driver of glycolysis. In vivo studies are required to determine if these toxin-induced metabolic derangements contribute to the development of sporadic Parkinson's disease. This analytic tool can be used to screen environmental toxins for their in vitro effects on the striatum.
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Fujitsuka M, Iohara D, Oumura S, Matsushima M, Sakuragi M, Anraku M, Ikeda T, Hirayama F, Kuroiwa K. Supramolecular Assembly of Hybrid Pt(II) Porphyrin/Tomatine Analogues with Different Nanostructures and Cytotoxic Activities. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13284-13292. [PMID: 34056476 PMCID: PMC8158828 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple strategy for synthesizing supramolecular hybrids was developed for the preparation of bioavailable nanohybrid photosensitizers by assembling visible-light-sensitive Pt(II) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinporphyrin (PtTCPP)/tomatine analogues. The hybrids were self-assembled into nanofibrous or nanosheet structures approximately 3-5 nm thick and several micrometers wide. α-Tomatine generated a unique fibrous vesicle nanostructure based on intermolecular interactions, while dehydrotomatine generated nanosheet structures. Nanoassembly of these fibrous vesicles and sheets directly affected the properties of the light-responsive photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), depending on the nanostructure of the hybrid PtTCPP/tomatine analogues. The cytotoxicity of PtTCPP to cancer cells under photoirradiation was significantly enhanced by a tomatine assembly with a fibrous vesicle nanostructure, attributable to increased incorporation of the drug into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Fujitsuka
- Department
of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Sae Oumura
- Department
of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsushima
- Department
of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Mina Sakuragi
- Department
of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keita Kuroiwa
- Department
of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- . Tel/Fax: +81-96-326-3891
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Baysan M, Arbous MS, Mik EG, Juffermans NP, van der Bom JG. Study protocol and pilot results of an observational cohort study evaluating effect of red blood cell transfusion on oxygenation and mitochondrial oxygen tension in critically ill patients with anaemia: the INsufficient Oxygenation in the Intensive Care Unit (INOX ICU-2) study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036351. [PMID: 32423938 PMCID: PMC7239524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recently developed protoporphyrin IX-triple state lifetime technique measures mitochondrial oxygenation tension (mitoPO2) in vivo at the bedside. MitoPO2might be an early indicator of oxygen disbalance in cells of critically ill patients and therefore may support clinical decisions regarding red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We aim to investigate the effect of RBC transfusion and the associated changes in haemoglobin concentration on mitoPO2 and other physiological measures of tissue oxygenation and oxygen balance in critically ill patients with anaemia. We present the protocol and pilot results for this study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We perform a prospective multicentre observational study in three mixed intensive care units in the Netherlands with critically ill patients with anaemia in whom an RBC transfusion is planned. The skin of the anterior chest wall of the patients is primed with a 5-aminolevulinic acid patch for 4 hours for induction of mitochondrial protoporphyrin-IX to enable measurements of mitoPO2, which is done with the COMET monitoring device. At multiple predefined moments, before and after RBC transfusion, we assess mitoPO2 and other physiological parameters of oxygen balance and tissue oxygenation. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the data. A linear mixed-effect model will be used to study the association between RBC transfusion and mitoPO2 and other traditional parameters of oxygenation, oxygen delivery and oxygen balance. Missing data will be imputed using multiple imputation methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The institutional ethics committee of each participating centre approved the study (reference P16.303), which will be conducted according to the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03092297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Baysan
- Department of Intensive Care, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mendi S Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert G Mik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Zhang W, Zhu T, Chen L, Luo W, Chao J. MCP-1 mediates ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via MCPIP1 and CaSR. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H59-H71. [PMID: 31774703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00308.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the detailed mechanism of MCP-1 in I/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we explored the cascade downstream of I/R-induced MCP-1 that modulates cell apoptosis and determined whether Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are involved in the process. Protein levels were detected in a cardiac muscle cell line (HL-1) and primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Released MCP-1 was detected using ELISA. Both Hoechst staining and flow cytometry methods were used to measure cell apoptosis. Specific pharmacological inhibitors of CC chemokine receptor 2 (RS-102895) and CaSR (NPS-2143) as well as a CaSR activator (evocalcet) were applied to confirm the roles of these factors in I/R-induced cell apoptosis. I/R inhibited cell viability and upregulated cell apoptosis. Moreover, I/R induced the release of MCP-1 from both HL-1 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Further research confirmed that CaSR acted as an upstream effector of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) and coordinately regulated cell apoptosis, which was verified by addition of an inhibitor or activator of CaSR. Moreover, MCPIP1 induced cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress but not autophagy induced by I/R. Based on these findings, I/R-induced MCP-1 release regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the MCPIP1 and CaSR pathways, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for I/R injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 release regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) and Ca2+-sensing receptor pathway. The functional changes mediated by MCPIP1 involve the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, but not the autophagy pathway, after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiebing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Fang L, Hu Q, Jiang K, Zhang X, Li B, Cui Y, Yang Y, Qian G. An inner light integrated metal-organic framework photodynamic therapy system for effective elimination of deep-seated tumor cells. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Chen NT, Barth ED, Lee TH, Chen CT, Epel B, Halpern HJ, Lo LW. Highly sensitive electron paramagnetic resonance nanoradicals for quantitative intracellular tumor oxymetric images. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2963-2971. [PMID: 31118615 PMCID: PMC6503311 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor oxygenation is a critical parameter influencing the efficacy of cancer therapy. Low levels of oxygen in solid tumor have been recognized as an indicator of malignant progression and metastasis, as well as poor response to chemo- and radiation therapy. Being able to measure oxygenation for an individual's tumor would provide doctors with a valuable way of identifying optimal treatments for patients. Methods: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) in combination with an oxygen-measuring paramagnetic probe was performed to measure tumor oxygenation in vivo. Triarylmethyl (trityl) radical exhibits high specificity, sensitivity, and resolution for quantitative measurement of O2 concentration. However, its in vivo applications in previous studies have been limited by the required high dosage, its short half-life, and poor intracellular permeability. To address these limitations, we developed high-capacity nanoformulated radicals that employed fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSNs) as trityl radical carriers. The high surface area nanostructure and easy surface modification of physiochemical properties of FMSNs enable efficient targeted delivery of highly concentrated, nonself-quenched trityl radicals, protected from environmental degradation and dilution. Results: We successfully designed and synthesized a tumor-targeted nanoplatform as a carrier for trityl. In addition, the nanoformulated trityl does not affect oxygen-sensing capacity by a self-relaxation or broadening effect. The FMSN-trityl exhibited high sensitivity/response to oxygen in the partial oxygen pressure range from 0 to 155 mmHg. Furthermore, MSN-trityl displayed outstanding intracellular oxygen mapping in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Conclusion: The highly sensitive nanoformulated trityl spin probe can profile intracellular oxygen distributions of tumor in a real-time and quantitative manner using in vivo EPRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Tzu Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Eugene D Barth
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tsung-Hsi Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Boris Epel
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Howard J Halpern
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
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13
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Evaluation of endoscopic visible light spectroscopy: comparison with microvascular oxygen tension measurements in a porcine model. J Transl Med 2019; 17:65. [PMID: 30819196 PMCID: PMC6396526 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light spectroscopy (VLS) is a technique used to measure the mucosal oxygen saturation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to evaluate mucosal ischemia, however in vivo validation is lacking. We aimed to compare VLS measurements with a validated quantitative microvascular oxygen tension (μPO2) measurement technique. METHODS Simultaneous VLS measurements and μPO2 measurements were performed on the small intestine of five pigs. First, simultaneous measurements were performed at different FiO2 values (18%-100%). Thereafter, the influence of bile was assessed by comparing VLS measurements in the presence of bile and without bile. Finally, simultaneous VLS and μPO2 measurements were performed from the moment a lethal dose potassium chloride intravenously was injected. RESULTS In contrast to μPO2 values that increased with increasing FiO2, VLS values decreased. Both measurements correlated poorly with R2 = 0.39, intercept 18.5, slope 0.41 and a bias of - 16%. Furthermore, the presence of bile influenced VLS values significantly (median (IQR)) before bile application 57.5% (54.8-59.0%) versus median with bile mixture of the stomach 73.5% (66.8-85.8), p = < 2.2 * 10-16; median with bile mixture of small bowel 47.6% (41.8-50.8) versus median after bile removal 57.0% (54.7-58.6%), p = < 2.2 * 10-16). Finally, the VLS mucosal oxygen saturation values did not decrease towards a value of 0 in the first 25 min of asystole in contrast to the μPO2 values. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VLS measures the mixed venous oxygen saturation rather than mucosal capillary hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Further research is needed to establish if the mixed venous compartment is optimal to assess gastrointestinal ischemia.
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14
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Long-Term In Vivo Oxygen Sensors for Peripheral Artery Disease Monitoring. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 30178370 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tracking of tissue oxygenation around chronic foot wounds may help direct therapy decisions in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Novel sensing technology to enable such monitoring was tested over 9 months in a Sinclair mini-pig model. No adverse events were observed over the entire study period. Systemic and acute hypoxia challenges were detected during each measurement period by the microsensors. The median time to locate the sensor signal was 13 s. Lumee Oxygen microsensors appear safe for long-term repeated oxygen measurements over 9 months.
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15
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Papkovsky DB, Dmitriev RI. Imaging of oxygen and hypoxia in cell and tissue samples. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2963-2980. [PMID: 29761206 PMCID: PMC11105559 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is a key player in cell mitochondrial function, redox balance and oxidative stress, normal tissue function and many common disease states. Various chemical, physical and biological methods have been proposed for measurement, real-time monitoring and imaging of O2 concentration, state of decreased O2 (hypoxia) and related parameters in cells and tissue. Here, we review the established and emerging optical microscopy techniques allowing to visualize O2 levels in cells and tissue samples, mostly under in vitro and ex vivo, but also under in vivo settings. Particular examples include fluorescent hypoxia stains, fluorescent protein reporter systems, phosphorescent probes and nanosensors of different types. These techniques allow high-resolution mapping of O2 gradients in live or post-mortem tissue, in 2D or 3D, qualitatively or quantitatively. They enable control and monitoring of oxygenation conditions and their correlation with other biomarkers of cell and tissue function. Comparison of these techniques and corresponding imaging setups, their analytical capabilities and typical applications are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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16
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Rivera KR, Pozdin VA, Young AT, Erb PD, Wisniewski NA, Magness ST, Daniele M. Integrated phosphorescence-based photonic biosensor (iPOB) for monitoring oxygen levels in 3D cell culture systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:131-140. [PMID: 30060990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological processes, such as respiration, circulation, digestion, and many pathologies alter oxygen concentration in the blood and tissue. When designing culture systems to recapitulate the in vivo oxygen environment, it is important to integrate systems for monitoring and controlling oxygen concentration. Herein, we report the design and engineering of a system to remotely monitor and control oxygen concentration inside a device for 3D cell culture. We integrate a photonic oxygen biosensor into the 3D tissue scaffold and regulate oxygen concentration via the control of purging gas flow. The integrated phosphorescence-based oxygen biosensor employs the quenching of palladium-benzoporphyrin by molecular oxygen to transduce the local oxygen concentration in the 3D tissue scaffold. The system is validated by testing the effects of normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions on healthy and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells, MCF-10A cells and BT474 cells, respectively. Under hypoxic conditions, both cell types exhibited upregulation of downstream target genes for the hypoxia marker gene, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A). Lastly, by monitoring the real-time fluctuation of oxygen concentration, we illustrated the formation of hypoxic culture conditions due to limited diffusion of oxygen through 3D tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Vladimir A Pozdin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ashlyn T Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Patrick D Erb
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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17
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Nezakati T, Seifalian A, Tan A, Seifalian AM. Conductive Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6766-6843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Nezakati
- Google Inc.., Mountain View, California 94043, United States
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Seifalian
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Tan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- NanoRegMed Ltd. (Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre), The London Innovation BioScience Centre, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
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18
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Reese AT, Cho EH, Klitzman B, Nichols SP, Wisniewski NA, Villa MM, Durand HK, Jiang S, Midani FS, Nimmagadda SN, O'Connell TM, Wright JP, Deshusses MA, David LA. Antibiotic-induced changes in the microbiota disrupt redox dynamics in the gut. eLife 2018; 7:35987. [PMID: 29916366 PMCID: PMC6008055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How host and microbial factors combine to structure gut microbial communities remains incompletely understood. Redox potential is an important environmental feature affected by both host and microbial actions. We assessed how antibiotics, which can impact host and microbial function, change redox state and how this contributes to post-antibiotic succession. We showed gut redox potential increased within hours of an antibiotic dose in mice. Host and microbial functioning changed under treatment, but shifts in redox potentials could be attributed specifically to bacterial suppression in a host-free ex vivo human gut microbiota model. Redox dynamics were linked to blooms of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae. Ecological succession to pre-treatment composition was associated with recovery of gut redox, but also required dispersal from unaffected gut communities. As bacterial competition for electron acceptors can be a key ecological factor structuring gut communities, these results support the potential for manipulating gut microbiota through managing bacterial respiration. The gut is home to a large and diverse community of bacteria and other microbes, known as the gut microbiota. The makeup of this community is important for the health of both the host and its residents. For instance, many gut bacteria help to digest food or keep disease-causing bacteria in check. In return, the host provides them with nutrients. When this balance is disturbed, the host is exposed to risks such as infections. In particular, treatments with antibiotics that kill gut bacteria can lead to side effects like diarrhea, because the gut becomes recolonized with harmful bacteria including Clostridium difficile and Salmonella. Reese et al. have now investigated what happens to the gut environment after antibiotic treatment and how the gut microbiota recovers. Mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics showed an increase in the “redox potential” of their gut environment. Redox potential captures a number of measures of the chemical makeup of an environment, and provides an estimate for how efficiently some bacteria in that environment can grow. Some of the change in redox potential came from the host’s own immune system releasing chemicals as it reacted to the effects of the treatment. However, Reese et al. found that treating gut bacteria in an artificial gut – which has no immune system – also increased the redox potential. This experiment suggests that bacteria actively shape their chemical environment in the gut. After the treatment, bacteria that thrive under high redox potentials, which include some disease-causing species, recovered first and fastest. This, in turn, helped to bring redox potential back to how it was before the treatment. Although the gut’s chemical environment recovered, some bacterial species were wiped out by the antibiotic treatment. The microbiota only returned to its previous state when the treated mice were housed together with non-treated mice. This was expected because mice that live together commonly exchange microbes, for instance by eating each other’s feces, and the treated mice received new species to replenish their microbiota. These findings are important because they show that the chemical environment shapes and is shaped by the bacterial communities in the gut. Future research may investigate if altering redox potential in the gut could help to keep the microbiota healthier in infections and diseases of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen T Reese
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Eugenia H Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Bruce Klitzman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | | | | | - Max M Villa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Heather K Durand
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Sharon Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Firas S Midani
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Sai N Nimmagadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Justin P Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Marc A Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
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19
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Xie X, Zhu T, Chen L, Ding S, Chu H, Wang J, Yao H, Chao J. MCPIP1-induced autophagy mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury in endothelial cells via HMGB1 and CaSR. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1735. [PMID: 29379093 PMCID: PMC5788920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) plays a important role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Autophagy is involved in activating endothelial cells in response to I/R. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether MCPIP1 mediates I/R injury in endothelial cells via autophagy, and its downstream mechanism remains unclear. Western blotting analyses and immunocytochemistry were applied to detect protein levels were detected in HUVECs. An in vitro scratch assay was used to detect cell migration. Cells were transfected with siRNAs to knockdown MCPIP1 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression. The pharmacological activator of autophagy rapamycin and the specific calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) inhibitor NPS-2143 were used to confirm the roles of autophagy and CaSR in I/R injury. I/R induced HMGB1 and CaSR expression, which subsequently upreguated the migration and apoptosis of HUVECs and coincided with the increase of autophagy. HMGB1 was involved in cell migration, whereas CaSR specifically participated in I/R-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Based on these findings, I/R-induced MCPIP1 expression regulates the migration and apoptosis of HUVECs via HMGB1 and CaSR, respectively, suggesting a new therapeutic targetof I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Tiebing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Han Chu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China. .,Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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20
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A Method for Combined Retinal Vascular and Tissue Oxygen Tension Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10622. [PMID: 28878307 PMCID: PMC5587610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina requires adequate oxygenation to maintain cellular metabolism and visual function. Inner retinal oxygen metabolism is directly related to retinal vascular oxygen tension (PO2) and inner retinal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), whereas outer retinal oxygen consumption (QO2) relies on oxygen availability by the choroid and is contingent upon retinal tissue oxygen tension (tPO2) gradients across the retinal depth. Thus far, these oxygenation and metabolic parameters have been measured independently by different techniques in separate animals, precluding a comprehensive and correlative assessment of retinal oxygenation and metabolism dynamics. The purpose of the current study is to report an innovative optical system for dual oxyphor phosphorescence lifetime imaging to near-simultaneously measure retinal vascular PO2 and tPO2 in rats. The use of a new oxyphor with different spectral characteristics allowed differentiation of phosphorescence signals from the retinal vasculature and tissue. Concurrent measurements of retinal arterial and venous PO2, tPO2 through the retinal depth, inner retinal OEF, and outer retinal QO2 were demonstrated, permitting a correlative assessment of retinal oxygenation and metabolism. Future application of this method can be used to investigate the relations among retinal oxygen content, extraction and metabolism under pathologic conditions and thus advance knowledge of retinal hypoxia pathophysiology.
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21
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Chien JS, Mohammed M, Eldik H, Ibrahim MM, Martinez J, Nichols SP, Wisniewski N, Klitzman B. Injectable Phosphorescence-based Oxygen Biosensors Identify Post Ischemic Reactive Hyperoxia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8255. [PMID: 28811566 PMCID: PMC5558004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel injectable biosensors were used to measure interstitial oxygenation before, during, and after transient ischemia. It is well known that reactive hyperemia occurs following a period of ischemia. However, increased blood flow does not necessarily mean increased oxygen tension in the tissue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that tissue reactive hyperoxia occurs following release of hind-limb tourniquet occlusions. Rats were injected with bilateral hind-limb biosensors and were simultaneously subjected to a unilateral femoral vessel ligation. After approximately one and three months, the rats underwent a series of oxygenation challenges, including transient hind-limb tourniquet occlusion. Along with the biosensors, near infrared spectroscopy was used to measure percent oxyhemoglobin in capillaries and laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure blood flow. Post-occlusion reactive hyperemia was observed. It was accompanied by tissue reactive hyperoxia, affirming that the post-occlusion oxygen supply must have exceeded the expected increased oxygen consumption. The measurement of the physiologic phenomenon of reactive hyperoxia could prove clinically beneficial for both diagnosis and optimizing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Chien
- Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mahmoud Mohammed
- Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hysem Eldik
- Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mohamed M Ibrahim
- Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jeremy Martinez
- Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott P Nichols
- Profusa, Inc., 345 Allerton Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Bruce Klitzman
- Kenan Plastic Surgery Research Labs and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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22
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The biological foundation of the genetic association of TOMM40 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2973-2986. [PMID: 28768149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A variable-length poly-T variant in intron 6 of the TOMM40 gene, rs10524523, is associated with risk and age-of-onset of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease. In Caucasians, the three predominant alleles at this locus are Short (S), Long (L) or Very long (VL). On an APOE ε3/3 background, the S/VL and VL/VL genotypes are more protective than S/S. The '523 poly-T has regulatory properties, in that the VL poly-T results in higher expression than the S poly-T in luciferase expression systems. The aim of the current work was to identify effects on cellular bioenergetics of increased TOM40 protein expression. MitoTracker Green fluorescence and autophagic vesicle staining was the same in control and over-expressing cells, but TOM40 over-expression was associated with increased expression of TOM20, a preprotein receptor of the TOM complex, the mitochondrial chaperone HSPA9, and PDHE1a, and increased activities of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV and of the TCA member α-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase. Consistent with the complex I findings, respiration was more sensitive to inhibition by rotenone in control cells than in the TOM40 over-expressing cells. In the absence of inhibitors, total cellular ATP, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiration were elevated in the over-expressing cells. Spare respiratory capacity was greater in the TOM40 over-expressing cells than in the controls. TOM40 over-expression blocked Ab-elicited decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular ATP levels, and cellular viability in the control cells. These data suggest elevated expression of TOM40 may be protective of mitochondrial function.
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23
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Karampatzakis A, Sankaran J, Kandaswamy K, Rice SA, Cohen Y, Wohland T. Measurement of oxygen concentrations in bacterial biofilms using transient state monitoring by single plane illumination microscopy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa6db7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Huntosova V, Gerelli E, Horvath D, Wagnieres G. Measurement of pO 2 by luminescence lifetime spectroscopy: A comparative study of the phototoxicity and sensitivity of [Ru(Phen) 3 ] 2+ and PdTCPP in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:708-717. [PMID: 27588712 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in tissue metabolism can be detected at early stages by oxygen partial pressure (pO2 ) measurement. The measurement of emission lifetimes offers very promising and non-invasive approach to estimate pO2 in vivo. This study compares two extensively used oxygen sensors and assesses their in vivo oxygen sensitivity and phototoxic effect. Luminescence lifetime of Ru-polypyridyl complex and of Pd-porphyrin is measured in the Chick's Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) model with a dedicated optical fiber-based, time-resolved spectrometer. The Pd-porphyrin luminescence lifetimes measured in the CAM model exposed to different pO2 levels are longer and have a broader dynamic range (10-100 μs) than those of Ru-polypyridyl complex (0.6-1 μs). The combined statistical analysis based on an estimate of the kurtosis and skewness, bootstrapping method and routine normality tests is performed. The indicators of the averages and signal to noise ratio stability are also calculated. The combination of several data processing allows selection of the better sensor for a given application. In particular, it is found that the advantage of Ru-polypyridyl complex over Pd-porphyrin is two-fold: i) Ru-polypyridyl complex datasets have consistently better statistical characteristics, ii) Ru-polypyridyl exhibits lower cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences at Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Jesenna 5, 04154, Kosice, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Gerelli
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Denis Horvath
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences at Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Jesenna 5, 04154, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Georges Wagnieres
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Station 6, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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25
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Oxygen imaging of living cells and tissues using luminescent molecular probes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guerci P, Ince Y, Heeman P, Faber D, Ergin B, Ince C. A LED-based phosphorimeter for measurement of microcirculatory oxygen pressure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:307-316. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00316.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of microcirculatory and tissue oxygenation are of prime importance in experimental research. The noninvasive phosphorescence quenching method has given further insight into the fundamental mechanisms of oxygen transport to healthy tissues and in models of disease. Phosphorimeters are devices dedicated to the study of phosphorescence quenching. The experimental applications of phosphorimeters range from measuring a specific oxygen partial pressure (Po2) in cellular organelles such as mitochondria, finding values of Po2 distributed over an organ or capillaries, to measuring microcirculatory Po2 changes simultaneously in several organ systems. Most of the current phosphorimeters use flash lamps as a light excitation source. However, a major drawback of flash lamps is their inherent plasma glow that persists for tens of microseconds after the primary discharge. This complex distributed excitation pattern generated by the flash lamp can lead to inaccurate Po2 readings unless a deconvolution analysis is performed. Using light-emitting diode (LED), a rectangular shaped light pulse can be generated that provides a more uniformly distributed excitation signal. This study presents the design and calibration process of an LED-based phosphorimeter (LED-P). The in vitro calibration of the LED-P using palladium(II)-meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin (Pd-TCCP) as a phosphorescent dye is presented. The pH and temperature were altered to assess whether the decay times of the Pd-TCCP measured by the LED-P were significantly influenced. An in vivo validation experiment was undertaken to measure renal cortical Po2 in a rat subjected to hypoxic ventilation conditions and ischemia/reperfusion. The benefits of using LEDs as a light excitation source are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guerci
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- INSERM U1116, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Yasin Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Heeman
- Department of Medical Technical Innovation & Development (MIO), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Dirk Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bulent Ergin
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wisniewski NA, Nichols SP, Gamsey SJ, Pullins S, Au-Yeung KY, Klitzman B, Helton KL. Tissue-Integrating Oxygen Sensors: Continuous Tracking of Tissue Hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 977:377-383. [PMID: 28685468 PMCID: PMC5657483 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple method of tracking oxygen in real-time with injectable, tissue-integrating microsensors. The sensors are small (500 μm × 500 μm × 5 mm), soft, flexible, tissue-like, biocompatible hydrogel s that have been shown to overcome the foreign body response for long-term sensing. The sensors are engineered to change luminescence in the presence of oxygen or other analytes and function for months to years in the body. A single injection followed by non-invasive monitoring with a hand-held or wearable Bluetooth optical reader enables intermittent or continuous measurements. Proof of concept for applications in high altitude, exercise physiology, vascular disease, stroke, tumors, and other disease states have been shown in mouse, rat and porcine models. Over 90 sensors have been studied to date in humans. These novel tissue-integrating sensors yield real-time insights in tissue oxygen fluctuations for research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott P Nichols
- Profusa, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Plastic Surgery Lab, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Shamirian A, Afsari HS, Hassan A, Miller LW, Snee PT. In vitro Detection of Hypoxia using a Ratiometric Quantum Dot-based Oxygen Sensor. ACS Sens 2016; 1:1244-1250. [PMID: 28503661 PMCID: PMC5423724 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A quantum-dot based ratiometric fluorescent oxygen probe for the detection of hypoxia in live cells is reported. The system is comprised of a water-soluble near-infrared emissive quantum dot conjugated to perylene dye. The response to the oxygen concentration is investigated using enzymatic oxygen scavenging in water, while in vitro studies were performed with HeLa cells incubated under varying O2 levels. In both cases a significant enhancement in dye/QD emission intensity ratio was observed in the deoxygenated environment, demonstrating the possible use of this probe for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Shamirian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Hamid Samareh Afsari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Asra Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Lawrence W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Preston T. Snee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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Al-Hammadi S, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Souid AK. Effects of molecularly targeted therapies on murine thymus: highly selective mTOR inhibitors induce reversible thymic involution. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:22. [PMID: 27478685 PMCID: PMC4966723 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking mTOR (molecular target of rapamycin) by sirolimus has been shown to suppress cellular respiration. The bearing of this impaired cellular bioenergetics on the mode-of-action of mTOR inhibitors has yet to be illustrated. METHODS This study investigated in vitro effects of several molecularly-targeted therapies on O2 consumption in thymic fragments from C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS Thymocyte respiration (µM O2 min(-1) mg(-1)) was reduced by sirolimus and everolimus (p ≤ 0.007). In contrast, the dual PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase)/mTOR inhibitors BEZ235, GDC0980 and GSK2126458, the highly-selective PI3 K-p110-δ inhibitor idelalisib and the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus had no effects on thymocyte respiration. Sirolimus was administered intraperitoneally on Days 0-3 and the thymus was then examined on Days 4 and 14. Cortex involution associated with increased cytochrome c and caspase-3 positive cells (apoptosis) were observed on Day 4; these changes were resolved on Day 14 (10 days after sirolimus treatment). On Day 4, the residual thymus (mostly medulla) had normal cellular respiration, decreased caspase activity and increased glutathione. Intraperitoneal administration of sorafenib (a multikinase inhibitor) or idelalisib had no effects on thymus size. CONCLUSION Thus, the highly-selective mTOR inhibitors imposed specific effects on the thymus, manifested by suppression of cellular respiration and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Al-Hammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, UAE University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, UAE University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alia Albawardi
- Department of Pathology, UAE University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, UAE University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17666, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Golub AS, Pittman RN. Barometric calibration of a luminescent oxygen probe. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:809-16. [PMID: 26846556 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The invention of the phosphorescence quenching method for the measurement of oxygen concentration in blood and tissue revolutionized physiological studies of oxygen transport in living organisms. Since the pioneering publication by Vanderkooi and Wilson in 1987, many researchers have contributed to the measurement of oxygen in the microcirculation, to oxygen imaging in tissues and microvessels, and to the development of new extracellular and intracellular phosphorescent probes. However, there is a problem of congruency in data from different laboratories, because of interlaboratory variability of the calibration coefficients in the Stern-Volmer equation. Published calibrations for a common oxygen probe, Pd-porphyrin + bovine serum albumin (BSA), vary because of differences in the techniques used. These methods are used for the formation of oxygen standards: chemical titration, calibrated gas mixtures, and an oxygen electrode. Each method in turn also needs calibration. We have designed a barometric method for the calibration of oxygen probes by using a regulated vacuum to set multiple PO2 standards. The method is fast and accurate and can be applied to biological fluids obtained during or after an experiment. Calibration over the full physiological PO2 range (1-120 mmHg) takes ∼15 min and requires 1-2 mg of probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander S Golub
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Roland N Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Chen ZA, Kuthati Y, Kankala RK, Chang YC, Liu CL, Weng CF, Mou CY, Lee CH. Encapsulation of palladium porphyrin photosensitizer in layered metal oxide nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy against skin melanoma. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:054205. [PMID: 27877834 PMCID: PMC5070020 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/5/054205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We designed a biodegradable nanocarrier of layered double hydroxide (LDH) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on the intercalation of a palladium porphyrin photosensitizer (PdTCPP) in the gallery of LDH for melanoma theragnosis. Physical and chemical characterizations have demonstrated the photosensitizer was stable in the layered structures. In addition, the synthesized nanocomposites rendered extremely efficacious therapy in the B16F10 melanoma cell line by improving the solubility of the hydrophobic PdTCPP photosensitizer. The detection of singlet oxygen generation under irradiation at the excitation wavelength of a 532 nm laser was indeed impressive. Furthermore, the in vivo results using a tumour xenograft model in mice indicated the apparent absence of body weight loss and relative organ weight variation to the liver and kidney demonstrated that the nanocomposites were biosafe with a significant reduction in tumour volume for the anti-cancer efficacy of PDT. This drug delivery system using the nanoparticle-photosensitizer hybrid has great potential in melanoma theragnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-An Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lun Liu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
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Montero-Baker MF, Au-Yeung KY, Wisniewski NA, Gamsey S, Morelli-Alvarez L, Mills JL, Campos M, Helton KL. The First-in-Man "Si Se Puede" Study for the use of micro-oxygen sensors (MOXYs) to determine dynamic relative oxygen indices in the feet of patients with limb-threatening ischemia during endovascular therapy. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61:1501-9.e1. [PMID: 26004327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with limb-threatening ischemia exhibit uneven patterns of perfusion in the foot, which makes it challenging to determine adequate topographic perfusion by angiography alone. This study assessed the feasibility of reporting dynamic relative oxygen indices and tissue oxygen concentration from multiple locations on the foot during endovascular therapy using a novel micro-oxygen sensor (MOXY; PROFUSA, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif) approach. METHODS A prospective, 28-day, single-arm, observational study was performed in 10 patients who underwent endovascular therapy for limb-threatening ischemia. At least 24 hours before therapy, four microsensors were injected in each patient (one in the arm, three in the treated foot). The optical signal from the microsensors corresponded to tissue oxygen concentration. A custom detector on the surface of the skin was used to continuously and noninvasively measure the signals from the microsensors. The ability to locate and read the signal from each injected microsensor was characterized. Oxygen data from the microsensors were collected throughout the revascularization procedure. The timing of therapy deployment was recorded during the procedure to assess its relationship with the microsensor oxygen data. Oxygen data collection and clinical evaluation were performed immediately postoperatively as well as postoperatively on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. RESULTS The study enrolled 10 patients (50% male) with ischemia (30% Rutherford class 4, 70% Rutherford class 5). Patients were a mean age of 70.7 years (range, 46-90 years), and all were Hispanic of varying origin. Microsensors were successfully read 206 of 212 times (97.2%) in all patients during the course of the study. Microsensors were compatible with intraoperative use in the interventional suite and postoperatively in an office setting. In nine of 10 revascularization procedures, at least one of the three MOXYs showed an immediate change in the dynamic relative oxygen index, correlating to deployed therapy. Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in the concentration of oxygen in the foot in preoperative levels compared with postoperative levels. No adverse events occurred related to the microsensor materials. CONCLUSIONS This MOXY approach appears to be safe when implanted in patients with limb-threatening ischemia undergoing endovascular recanalization and is effective in reporting local tissue oxygen concentrations over a course of 28 days. Further testing is needed to determine its potential effect on clinical decision making, both acutely on-table and chronically as a surveillance modality, which ultimately can lead to improved healing and limb salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Montero-Baker
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Pima Vascular Group, Tucson, Ariz.
| | - Kit Yee Au-Yeung
- Product Development Division, PROFUSA, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Soya Gamsey
- Research & Development Division, PROFUSA, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Luis Morelli-Alvarez
- Center of Academic Excellence in Endovascular Therapy (CEATE) Foundation, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Joseph L Mills
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Marianella Campos
- Center of Academic Excellence in Endovascular Therapy (CEATE) Foundation, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kristen L Helton
- Product Development Division, PROFUSA, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
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Balestra GM, Aalders MCG, Specht PAC, Ince C, Mik EG. Oxygenation measurement by multi-wavelength oxygen-dependent phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence: catchment depth and application in intact heart. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:615-628. [PMID: 25250821 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen delivery and metabolism represent key factors for organ function in health and disease. We describe the optical key characteristics of a technique to comprehensively measure oxygen tension (PO(2)) in myocardium, using oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of porphyrins, by means of Monte Carlo simulations and ex vivo experiments. Oxyphor G2 (microvascular PO(2)) was excited at 442 nm and 632 nm and protoporphyrin IX (mitochondrial PO(2)) at 510 nm. This resulted in catchment depths of 161 (86) µm, 350 (307) µm and 262 (255) µm respectively, as estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and ex vivo experiments (brackets). The feasibility to detect changes in oxygenation within separate anatomical compartments is demonstrated in rat heart in vivo. Schematic of ex vivo measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco M Balestra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C G Aalders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia A C Specht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert G Mik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Al-Shamsi M, Shahin A, Ibrahim MF, Tareq S, Souid AK, Mensah-Brown EPK. Bioenergetics of the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalitis of rats. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:37. [PMID: 26092157 PMCID: PMC4474435 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysregulation is important in axonal damage and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). There is however, no evidence in the literature of any study that has examined cellular bioenergetics of the central nervous system (CNS) during the early development and clinical course of EAE. EAE, a rodent model of relapsing/remitting MS, is a CD4+ T cell-mediated disease of the CNS. We hypothesize that CNS bioenergetics might predict prognosis, and that preserved bioenergetics might underlie the remission from disease. The study aims therefore, to determine whether the clinical history of EAE is influenced by cellular respiration of the CNS in susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) and resistant Albino Oxford (AO) rats. Methods Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced by myelin basic protein in complete Freud Adjuvant in the footpads of DA and AO rats. A phosphorescence analyzer that determines cellular respiration was used to monitor oxygen consumption and ATP concentration was measured using the Enliten ATP assay system. Disease pathology was demonstrated by H&E and Luxol fast blue staining of sections of the lumbar regions of the spinal cord. Mitochondrial size in relation to axonal size was determined by electron microscopy. Apoptosis was studied by HPLC measurement of intracellular caspase-3 activity and caspase immunohistochemistry. Role and source of caspase 1 was studied by double immunofluorescence with antibodies for caspase-1, microglia (anti-Iba1) and astrocytes (anti-GFAP). Results The cellular respiration of the CNS did not vary between diseased and normal rats. We also demonstrate here, that at the peak of disease, inflammation as shown by caspase-1, produced by activated microglia and infiltrating cells, was significant in susceptible DA rats. The mitochondrial:axonal size ratio did not vary in the different groups although mitochondria were smaller in spinal cords of diseased DA rats. Demyelination, observed only in areas of mononuclear infiltration of the spinal cord of diseased DA rats, was demonstrated by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Conclusion We conclude that EAE at this early stage does not significantly affect CNS cellular respiration and this might underlie the reason for the recovery of diseased rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al-Shamsi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Allen Shahin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Marwa F Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Saeed Tareq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Eric P K Mensah-Brown
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Wang XD, Wolfbeis OS. Optical methods for sensing and imaging oxygen: materials, spectroscopies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3666-761. [PMID: 24638858 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the current state of optical methods for sensing oxygen. These have become powerful alternatives to electrochemical detection and in the process of replacing the Clark electrode in many fields. The article (with 694 references) is divided into main sections on direct spectroscopic sensing of oxygen, on absorptiometric and luminescent probes, on polymeric matrices and supports, on additives and related materials, on spectroscopic schemes for read-out and imaging, and on sensing formats (such as waveguide sensing, sensor arrays, multiple sensors and nanosensors). We finally discuss future trends and applications and summarize the properties of the most often used indicator probes and polymers. The ESI† (with 385 references) gives a selection of specific applications of such sensors in medicine, biology, marine and geosciences, intracellular sensing, aerodynamics, industry and biotechnology, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-dong Wang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Al-Hammadi S, Marzouqi F, Al-Mansouri A, Shahin A, Al-Shamsi M, Mensah-Brown E, Souid AK. The cytotoxicity of aflatoxin b1 in human lymphocytes. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2014; 14:e65-71. [PMID: 24516756 PMCID: PMC3916279 DOI: 10.12816/0003338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a naturally occurring carcinogenic and immunosuppressive compound. This study was designed to measure its toxic effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS The study recruited 7 healthy volunteers. PBMC were isolated and cellular respiration was monitored using a phosphorescence oxygen analyser. The intracellular caspase activity was measured by the caspase-3 substrate N-acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. Phosphatidylserine exposure and membrane permeability to propidium iodide (PI) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Cellular oxygen consumption was inhibited by 2.5 μM and 25 μM of AFB1. Intracellular caspase activity was noted after two hours of incubation with 100 μM of AFB1. The number of Annexin V-positive cells increased as a function of AFB1 concentration and incubation time. At 50 μM, a significant number of cells became necrotic after 24 hours (Annexin V-positive and PI-positive). CONCLUSION The results show AFB1 is toxic to human lymphocytes and that its cytotoxicity is mediated by apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Al-Hammadi
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farida Marzouqi
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Al-Mansouri
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Allen Shahin
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Al-Shamsi
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric Mensah-Brown
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Nie L, Chen X. Structural and functional photoacoustic molecular tomography aided by emerging contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7132-70. [PMID: 24967718 PMCID: PMC4569000 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can offer structural, functional and molecular contrasts at scalable observation level. By ultrasonically overcoming the strong optical scattering, this imaging technology can reach centimeters penetration depth while retaining high spatial resolution in biological tissue. Recent extensive research has been focused on developing new contrast agents to improve the imaging sensitivity, specificity and efficiency. These emerging materials have substantially accelerated PAT applications in signal sensing, functional imaging, biomarker labeling and therapy monitoring etc. Here, the potentials of different optical probes as PAT contrast agents were elucidated. We first describe the instrumental embodiments and the measured functional parameters, then focus on emerging contrast agent-based PAT applications, and finally discuss the challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Aburawi EH, Souid AK. Inhibition of murine cardiomyocyte respiration by amine local anesthetics. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 39:293-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-013-0159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alsamri MT, Pramathan T, Souid AK. In vitro study on the pulmonary cytotoxicity of amiodarone. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:610-6. [PMID: 23738705 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.812170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Amiodarone (an iodinated benzofuran) is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug that produces significant pulmonary disease. Proposed mechanisms of this cytotoxicity include necrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and glutathione depletion. OBJECTIVE This study was designed primarily to explore whether amiodarone impairs lung tissue cellular bioenergetics in BALB/c and Taylor Outbred mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular respiration (mitochondrial O2 consumption), ATP, caspase activity and glutathione were measured in lung fragments incubated in vitro with 22 µM amiodarone for several hours. RESULTS Without amiodarone, lung tissue cellular mitochondrial O2 consumption decayed exponentially with time, showing two distinct phases sharply separated at t ≥ 150 min. The rate of cellular respiration was 6-10-fold higher in the late phase compared to the early phase (p<0.0001). Lung tissue ATP also decayed exponentially with time, suggesting "uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation" was the responsible mechanism (low cellular ATP with high mitochondrial O2 consumption, resulting in rapid depletion of cellular metabolic fuels). Although intracellular caspase activity increased exponentially with time, the uncoupling was not prevented by the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk (N-benzyloxycarbonyl-val-ala-asp (O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone). The same profiles were noted in the presence of amiodarone; but cellular ATP decayed 50% faster. Cellular glutathione for untreated tissue was 560 ± 287 pmol mg(-1) (n=12) and for treated tissue was 490 ± 226 pmol mg(-1) (n=12, p=0.5106). CONCLUSION Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation was demonstrated in untreated mouse lung tissues. Amiodarone lowered cellular ATP. Further studies are needed to explore the susceptibility of the lung to these deleterious insults and their relevance to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Alsamri
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain , UAE
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Al-Jasmi F, Pramathan T, Swid A, Sahari B, Penefsky HS, Souid AK. Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption by the Foreskin and its Fibroblast-rich Culture. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2013; 13:411-6. [PMID: 23984027 DOI: 10.12816/0003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the feasibility of using a phosphorescence oxygen analyser to measure cellular respiration (mitochondrial O2 consumption) in foreskin samples and their fibroblast-rich cultures. METHODS Foreskin specimens from normal infants were collected immediately after circumcision and processed for measuring cellular respiration and for culture. Cellular mitochondrial O2 consumption was determined as a function of time from the phosphorescence decay of the Pd (II) meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-tetrabenzoporphyrin. RESULTS In sealed vials containing a foreskin specimen and glucose, O2 concentration decreased linearly with time, confirming the zero-order kinetics of O2 consumption by cytochrome oxidase. Cyanide inhibited O2 consumption, confirming that the oxidation occurred mainly in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The rate of foreskin respiration (mean ± SD) was 0.074 ± 0.02 μM O2 min(-1) mg(-1) (n = 23). The corresponding rate for fibroblast-rich cultures was 9.84 ± 2.43 μM O2 min(-1) per 10(7) cells (n = 15). Fibroblast respiration was significantly lower in a male infant with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene mutations, but normalised with the addition of thiamine or carnitine. CONCLUSION The foreskin and its fibroblast-rich culture are suitable for assessment of cellular respiration. However, the clinical utility of foreskin specimens to detect disorders of impaired cellular bioenergetics requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Alsuwaidi AR, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Benedict S, Kochiyil J, Mustafa F, Hartwig SM, Varga SM, Souid AK. Cellular bioenergetics, caspase activity and glutathione in murine lungs infected with influenza A virus. Virology 2013; 446:180-8. [PMID: 24074580 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cellular respiration, oxidation of glutathione and induction of apoptosis have been reported in epithelial cells infected in vitro with influenza A virus (IAV). Here, the same biomarkers were investigated in vivo by assessing the lungs of BALB/c mice infected with IAV. Cellular respiration declined on day 3 and recovered on day 7 post-infection. For days 3-5, the rate (mean±SD) of respiration (µMO2min(-1)mg(-1)) in uninfected lungs was 0.103±0.021 (n=4) and in infected lungs was 0.076±0.025 (n=4, p=0.026). Relative cellular ATP (infected/uninfected) was 4.7 on day 2 and 1.07 on day 7. Intracellular caspase activity peaked on day 7. Cellular glutathione decreased by ≥10% on days 3-7. Lung pathology was prominent on day 3 and caspase-3 labeling was prominent on day 5. IAV infection was associated with suppression of cellular respiration, diminished glutathione, and induction of apoptosis. These functional biomarkers were associated with structural changes noted in infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Mazouchi A, Bahram A, Gradinaru CC. Sub-diffusion decays in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: dye photophysics or protein dynamics? J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11100-11. [PMID: 23675915 DOI: 10.1021/jp4010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transitions between bright and dark fluorescent states of several rhodamine dyes were investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We resolved two sub-diffusion exponential decays for free rhodamines in aqueous solutions, of which the slower component scales linearly with the viscosity of the solution. Correlation data for proteins and DNA labeled with tetramethylrhodamine were fitted with three to four exponential decays describing flickering dynamics on a time scale between 0.5 and 100 μs. We investigated the nature of these processes by performing experiments under different experimental conditions and for different samples. On the basis of how their population and lifetime change with viscosity, the oxygen content of the solution, the laser irradiance, and the detection geometry, we assigned these states, in the order of increasing lifetimes, to a triplet state, a hybrid between twisted-intramolecular-charge-transfer state and a ground state lactonic state, a lactonic state, and a photoionized state, respectively. Our data suggests that none of the observed sub-diffusion correlation decays can be directly assigned to the intramolecular dynamics of the labeled biomolecules. However, we found evidence that the intrinsic conformational dynamics of the biomolecule appears in the correlation curves as a modulation of the photophysics of the dye label. This shows the importance of accurate control measurements and appropriate modeling of the dye photophysics in fluorescence correlation studies, and it cautions against direct assignments of dark-state relaxation times to folding kinetics in proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mazouchi
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , and Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Al Samri MT, Silva R, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Othman ARD, Al Hanjeri RSMS, Al Dawaar SK, Tariq S, Souid AK, Asefa T. Lung toxicities of core-shell nanoparticles composed of carbon, cobalt, and silica. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1223-44. [PMID: 23658487 PMCID: PMC3610446 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here comparative assessments of murine lung toxicity (biocompatibility) after in vitro and in vivo exposures to carbon (C–SiO2-etched), carbon–silica (C–SiO2), carbon–cobalt–silica (C–Co–SiO2), and carbon–cobalt oxide–silica (C–Co3O4–SiO2) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have potential applications in clinical medicine and bioimaging, and thus their possible adverse events require thorough investigation. The primary aim of this work was to explore whether the nanoparticles are biocompatible with pneumatocyte bioenergetics (cellular respiration and adenosine triphosphate content). Other objectives included assessments of caspase activity, lung structure, and cellular organelles. Pneumatocyte bioenergetics of murine lung remained preserved after treatment with C–SiO2-etched or C–SiO2 nanoparticles. C–SiO2-etched nanoparticles, however, increased caspase activity and altered lung structure more than C–SiO2 did. Consistent with the known mitochondrial toxicity of cobalt, both C–Co–SiO2 and C–Co3O4–SiO2 impaired lung tissue bioenergetics. C–Co–SiO2, however, increased caspase activity and altered lung structure more than C–Co3O4–SiO2. The results indicate that silica shell is essential for biocompatibility. Furthermore, cobalt oxide is the preferred phase over the zerovalent Co(0) phase to impart biocompatibility to cobalt-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Al Samri
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Yin B, Kuranov RV, McElroy AB, Kazmi S, Dunn AK, Duong TQ, Milner TE. Dual-wavelength photothermal optical coherence tomography for imaging microvasculature blood oxygen saturation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:56005. [PMID: 23640076 PMCID: PMC3642243 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.5.056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A swept-source dual-wavelength photothermal (DWP) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is demonstrated for quantitative imaging of microvasculature oxygen saturation. DWP-OCT is capable of recording three-dimensional images of tissue and depth-resolved phase variation in response to photothermal excitation. A 1,064-nm OCT probe and 770-nm and 800-nm photothermal excitation beams are combined in a single-mode optical fiber to measure microvasculature hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO(2)) levels in phantom blood vessels with a range of blood flow speeds (0 to 17 mm/s). A 50-μm-diameter blood vessel phantom is imaged, and SO(2) levels are measured using DWP-OCT and compared with values provided by a commercial oximeter at various blood oxygen concentrations. The influences of blood flow speed and mechanisms of SNR phase degradation on the accuracy of SO(2) measurement are identified and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Yin
- University of Texas at Austin, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1 University Station C0803, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Roman V. Kuranov
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Ophthalmology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229
- Address all correspondence to: Roman V. Kuranov, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Ophthalmology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229. Tel: 210-567-8402; Fax: 210-567-8413; E-mail:
| | - Austin B. McElroy
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Shams Kazmi
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Timothy Q. Duong
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Ophthalmology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Thomas E. Milner
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
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Alfazari AS, Al-Dabbagh B, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Souid AK. Bioenergetic study of murine hepatic tissue treated in vitro with atorvastatin. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:15. [PMID: 23448291 PMCID: PMC3602108 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor) is a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, which is recognized for its potential hepatotoxicity. This study investigated in vitro effects of this agent on hepatic tissue respiration, ATP content, caspase activity, urea synthesis and histology. Liver fragments from Taylor Outbred and C57Bl/6 mice were incubated at 37°C in Krebs-Henseleit buffer continuously gassed with 95% O2: 5% CO2 in the presence and absence of atorvastatin. Phosphorescence O2 analyzer that measured dissolved [O2] as a function of time was used to monitor cellular mitochondrial O2 consumption. The caspase-3 substrate N-acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin was used to monitor caspase activity. The rates of hepatocyte respiration (μM O2 min-1 mg-1) in untreated samples were 0.15 ± 0.07 (n = 31). The corresponding rates for samples treated with 50 nM (therapeutic concentration), 150 nM or 1.0 μM atorvastatin for ≤13 h were 0.13 ± 0.05 (n = 19), p = 0.521. The contents of hepatocyte ATP (pmol-1 mg-1) in untreated samples were 40.3 ± 14.0 and in samples treated with 1.0 μM atorvastatin for ≤4.5 h were 48.7 ± 23.9 (p = 0.7754). The concentrations of urea (mg/dL mg-1, produced over 50 min) for untreated samples were 0.061 ± 0.020 (n = 6) and for samples treated with 1.0 μM atorvastatin for ≤6 h were 0.072 ± 0.022 (n = 6), p = 0.3866. Steadily, hepatocyte caspase activity and histology were unaffected by treatments with up to 1.0 μM atorvastatin for ≤6 h. Thus, the studied murine model showed preserved hepatocyte function and structure in the presence of high concentrations of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alfazari
- Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Alfazari AS, Al-Dabbagh B, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Souid AK. A preparation of murine liver fragments for in vitro studies: liver preparation for toxicological studies. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:70. [PMID: 23442607 PMCID: PMC3598918 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to develop liver tissue preparation suitable for investigating toxins. Hepatocyte respiration, ATP content, urea synthesis, caspase activity and morphology were measured as a function of in vitro incubation time. Mice were anesthetized by sevoflurane inhalation. Small liver fragments were then rapidly excised and incubated at 37°C in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (continuously gassed with 95% O2: 5% CO2) for up to 6 h. Phosphorescence O2 analyzer was used to determine the rate of cellular mitochondrial O2 consumption (kc, μM O2 min-1 mg-1). Cellular ATP was measured using the luciferin/luciferase system. The caspase-3 substrate N-acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Ac-DEVD-AMC) was used to monitor intracellular caspase activity; cleaved AMC moieties (reflecting caspase activity) were separated on HPLC and detected by fluorescence. Findings Respiration was inhibited by cyanide, confirming the oxidation occurred in the respiratory chain. The values of kc (mean ± SD) for 0≤ t ≤6 h were 0.15 ± 0.02 μM O2 min-1 mg-1 (n = 18, coefficient of variation, CV = 13%), ATP content 131 ± 69 pmol mg-1 (1≤ t ≤6 h, n = 16, CV = 53%), synthesized urea 0.134 ± 0.017 mg/dL mg-1 in 50 min (0≤ t ≤6 h, n = 14, CV = 13%), and AMC peak area 62,540 ± 26,227 arbitrary units mg-1 (1≤ t ≤6 h, n = 3, CV = 42%). Hepatocyte morphology and organelles were reasonably persevered. Conclusions The described liver tissue preparation demonstrates stable hepatocyte structure, ultrastructure and biomarkers for up to 6 h, permitting in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alfazari
- Departments of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
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Alsuwaidi AR, Benedict S, Kochiyil J, Mustafa F, Hartwig SM, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Rizvi TA, Varga SM, Souid AK. Bioenergetics of murine lungs infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Virol J 2013; 10:22. [PMID: 23320837 PMCID: PMC3616819 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular bioenergetics (cellular respiration and accompanying ATP synthesis) is a highly sensitive biomarker of tissue injury and may be altered following infection. The status of cellular mitochondrial O(2) consumption of the lung in pulmonary RSV infection is unknown. METHODS In this study, lung fragments from RSV-infected BALB/c mice were evaluated for cellular O(2) consumption, ATP content and caspase activity. The disease was induced by intranasal inoculation with the RSV strain A2 and lung specimens were analyzed on days 2-15 after inoculation. A phosphorescence O(2) analyzer that measured dissolved O(2) concentration as a function of time was used to monitor respiration. The caspase-3 substrate analogue N-acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Ac-DEVD-AMC) was used to monitor intracellular caspases. RESULTS O(2) concentration declined linearly with time when measured in a sealed vial containing lung fragment and glucose as a respiratory substrate, revealing its zero-order kinetics. O(2) consumption was inhibited by cyanide, confirming the oxidation occurred in the respiratory chain. Cellular respiration increased by 1.6-fold (p<0.010) and ATP content increased by 3-fold in the first week of RSV infection. Both parameters returned to levels found in uninfected lungs in the second week of RSV infection. Intracellular caspase activity in infected lungs was similar to uninfected lungs throughout the course of disease. CONCLUSIONS Lung tissue bioenergetics is transiently enhanced in RSV infection. This energy burst, triggered by the virus or virus-induced inflammation, is an early biomarker of the disease and may be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P,O, Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Al-Shamsi M, Shahin A, Mensah-Brown EPK, Souid AK. Derangements of liver tissue bioenergetics in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:6. [PMID: 23311450 PMCID: PMC3571906 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel in vitro system was employed to investigate liver tissue respiration (mitochondrial O2 consumption) in mice treated with concanavalin A (Con A). This study aimed to investigate hepatocyte bioenergetics in this well-studied hepatitis model. Methods C57Bl/6 and C57Bl/6 IFN-γ−/− mice were injected intravenously with 12 mg ConA/kg. Liver specimens were collected at various timepoints after injection and analyzed for cellular respiration and caspase activation. Serum was analyzed for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and aminotransferases. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis was used to determine the phenotype of infiltrating cells, and light and electron microscopy were used to monitor morphological changes. Phosphorescence analyzer that measured dissolved O2 as function of time was used to evaluate respiration. Results In sealed vials, O2 concentrations in solutions containing liver specimen and glucose declined linearly with time, confirming zero-order kinetics of hepatocyte respiration. O2 consumption was inhibited by cyanide, confirming the oxidation occurred in the respiratory chain. Enhanced liver respiration (by ≈68%, p<0.02) was noted 3 hr after ConA treatment, and occurred in conjunction with limited cellular infiltrations around the blood vessels. Diminished respiration (by ≈30%, p=0.005) was noted 12 hr after ConA treatment, and occurred in conjunction with deranged mitochondria, areas of necrosis, and prominent infiltrations with immune cells, most significantly, CD3+NKT+ cells. Increases in intracellular caspase activity and serum IFN-γ and aminotransferase levels were noted 3 hr after ConA treatment and progressed with time. The above-noted changes were less pronounced in C57Bl/6 IFN-γ−/− mice treated with ConA. Conclusions Based on these results, liver tissue bioenergetics is increased 3 hr after ConA exposure. This effect is driven by the pathogenesis of the disease, in which IFN-γ and other cytokines contribute to. Subsequent declines in liver bioenergetics appear to be a result of necrosis and active caspases targeting the mitochondria within hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al-Shamsi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Alsuwaidi AR, Alsamri MT, Alfazari AS, Almarzooqi S, Albawardi A, Othman AR, Pramathan T, Hartwig SM, Varga SM, Souid AK. Lung tissue bioenergetics and caspase activity in rodents. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:12. [PMID: 23311890 PMCID: PMC3557141 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish a suitable in vitro system for investigating effects of respiratory pathogens and toxins on lung tissue bioenergetics (cellular respiration and ATP content) and caspase activity. Wistar rats and C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized by sevoflurane inhalation. Lung fragments were then collected and incubated at 37°C in a continuously gassed (with 95% O2:5% CO2) Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) or Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Phosphorescence O2 analyzer that measured dissolved O2 concentration as a function of time was used to monitor the rate of cellular mitochondrial O2 consumption. Cellular ATP content was measured using the luciferin/luciferase system. The caspase-3 substrate N-acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Ac-DEVD-AMC) was used to monitor intracellular caspase activity; cleaved AMC moieties (reflecting caspase activity) were separated on HPLC and detected by fluorescence. Lung histology and immunostaining with anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody were also performed. RESULTS For Wistar rats, the values of kc and ATP for 0 < t ≤ 7 h (mean ± SD) were 0.15 ± 0.02 μM O2 min-1 mg-1 (n = 18, coefficient of variation, Cv = 13%) and 131 ± 69 pmol mg-1 (n = 16, Cv = 53%), respectively. The AMC peak areas remained relatively small despite a ~5-fold rise over 6 h. Good tissue preservation was evident despite time-dependent increases in apoptotic cells. Lung tissue bioenergetics, caspase activity and structure were deleterious in unoxygenated or intermittently oxygenated solutions. Incubating lung tissue in O2 depleted MEM for 30 min or anesthesia by urethane had no effect on lung bioenergetics, but produced higher caspase activity. CONCLUSIONS Lung tissue bioenergetics and structure could be maintained in vitro in oxygenated buffer for several hours and, thus, used as biomarkers for investigating respiratory pathogens or toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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