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Frohnmeyer E, Frisch F, Falke S, Betzel C, Fischer M. Highly affine and selective aptamers against cholera toxin as capture elements in magnetic bead-based sandwich ELAA. J Biotechnol 2018; 269:35-42. [PMID: 29408200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, which have been emerging as recognition elements in disease diagnostics and food control, including the detection of bacterial toxins. In this study, we employed the semi-automated just in time-selection to identify aptamers that bind to cholera toxin (CT) with high affinity and specificity. CT is the main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae and the causative agent of the eponymous disease. For the selected aptamers, dissociation constants in the low nanomolar range (23-56 nM) were determined by fluorescence-based affinity chromatography and cross-reactivity against related proteins was evaluated by direct enzyme-linked aptamer assay (ELAA). Aptamer CT916 has a dissociation constant of 48.5 ± 0.5 nM and shows negligible binding to Shiga-like toxin 1B, protein A and BSA. This aptamer was chosen to develop a sandwich ELAA for the detection of CT from binding buffer and local tap water. Amine-C6- or biotin-modified CT916 was coupled to magnetic beads to serve as the capture element. Using an anti-CT polyclonal antibody as the reporter, detection limits of 2.1 ng/ml in buffer and 2.4 ng/ml in tap water, with a wide log-linear dynamic range from 1 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml, respectively, were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Frohnmeyer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Farina Frisch
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sven Falke
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Betzel
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Jeong D, Ahn KS, Lee WY. Label-free impedimetric glycosensor based on β-galactose-functionalized gold electrode for the determination of cholera toxin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Ahn KS, Lim KR, Jeong D, Lee BY, Kim KS, Lee WY. Fluorescence energy transfer inhibition bioassay for cholera toxin based on galactose-stabilized gold nanoparticles and amine-terminated quantum dots. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Ngundi MM, Kulagina NV, Anderson GP, Taitt CR. Nonantibody-based recognition: alternative molecules for detection of pathogens. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 3:511-24. [PMID: 17078765 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.3.5.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays have been well established for many years as the cornerstone of detection technologies. These assays are sensitive, selective and, in general, highly resistant to interference from complex sample matrices when compared with nucleic acid-based tests. However, both antibody- and nucleic acid-based detection systems require a priori knowledge of the target and development of specific reagents; multiplexed assays can become increasingly problematic when attempting to detect a plethora of different targets, the identities of which are unknown. In an effort to circumvent many of the limitations inherent in these conventional assays, other recognition reagents are being explored as alternatives, or indeed as adjuncts, to antibodies for pathogen and toxin detection. This article will review a number of different recognition systems ranging in complexity from small molecules, such as nucleic-acid aptamers, carbohydrates and peptides, to systems as highly complicated as whole cells and organisms. All of these alternative systems have tremendous potential to achieve superior sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, but are also subject to their own limitations, which are also discussed. In short, while in its infancy, this field holds great promise for the development of rapid, fieldable assays that are highly complementary to existing antibody- and nucleic acid-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Ngundi
- US Food and Drug Administration, N29 RM418 HFM-434 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Yin HQ, Jia MX, Shi LJ, Liu J, Wang R, Lv MM, Ma YY, Zhao X, Zhang JG. Evaluation of a novel ultra-sensitive nanoparticle probe-based assay for ricin detection. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:291-5. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.847994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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6
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Yang X, Kirsch J, Simonian A. Campylobacter spp. detection in the 21st century: a review of the recent achievements in biosensor development. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:48-56. [PMID: 23830967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are an important cause of acute bacterial diseases in humans worldwide. Many bacterial species in the Campylobacter genus are considered harmful and may cause several infectious diseases. Currently, there are no commercial biosensors available to detect Campylobacter spp. in food matrices, and little to no testing has been done in research laboratories with actual food matrices. Biosensors potentially provide a powerful means to detect Campylobacter spp. with the advantages of high sensitivity (low limits of detection with a high signal to noise ratio), high specificity (able to selectively detect the target among several similar targets), real time sensing, and in-site monitoring. This review summarizes the latest research in biosensing technologies for detection of Campylobacter spp. based on a variety of transducers and recognition elements. Finally, a comparison is made among all recently reported biosensors for the detection of Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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7
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Nagatsuka T, Uzawa H, Sato K, Kondo S, Izumi M, Yokoyama K, Ohsawa I, Seto Y, Neri P, Mori H, Nishida Y, Saito M, Tamiya E. Localized surface plasmon resonance detection of biological toxins using cell surface oligosaccharides on glyco chips. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4173-80. [PMID: 23668627 DOI: 10.1021/am4002937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have detected biological toxins using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and synthetic glycosyl ceramides (β-lactoside, globosyl trisaccharide (Gb3), or GM1 pentasaccharide) attached to gold (Au) nanoparticles. The particle diameters ranged from 5-100 nm. The detection sensitivity for three toxins (ricin, Shiga toxin, and cholera toxin) was found to depend not only on the attached glycoside but also on the diameter of the Au nanoparticles. For the detection of ricin, the 20-nm β-lactoside-coated Au nanoparticle exhibited the highest LSPR response, whereas 40-nm Gb3- and GM1-coated Au nanoparticles gave the best results for Shiga toxin and cholera toxin, respectively. In addition, a blocking process on the nanoparticle surface greatly improved the detection sensitivity for cholera toxin. The LSPR system enabled us to detect ricin at 30 ng/mL, Shiga toxin at 10 ng/mL, and the cholera toxin at 20 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Nagatsuka
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Japan
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8
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Kirsch J, Siltanen C, Zhou Q, Revzin A, Simonian A. Biosensor technology: recent advances in threat agent detection and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8733-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Schmit VL, Martoglio R, Carron KT. Lab-on-a-Bubble Surface Enhanced Raman Indirect Immunoassay for Cholera. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4233-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. L. Schmit
- University of Wyoming, Chemistry Department, 1000 East University
Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming
82071, United States
| | - R. Martoglio
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, DePauw University, 602 South
College Avenue, Greencastle, Indiana 46135, United States
| | - K. T. Carron
- University of Wyoming, Chemistry Department, 1000 East University
Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming
82071, United States
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10
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Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Anderson GP, Ligler FS. Surface modification and biomolecule immobilization on polymer spheres for biosensing applications. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 726:77-94. [PMID: 21424444 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Microspheres and nanospheres are being used in many of today's biosensing applications for automated sample processing, flow cytometry, signal amplification in microarrays, and labeling in multiplexed analyses. The surfaces of the spheres/particles need to be modified with proteins and other biomolecules to be used in these sensing applications. This chapter contains protocols to modify carboxyl- and amine-coated polymer spheres with proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Kuramitz H, Miyagaki S, Ueno E, Hata N, Taguchi S, Sugawara K. Binding assay for cholera toxin based on sequestration electrochemistry using lactose labeled with an electroactive compound. Analyst 2011; 136:2373-8. [PMID: 21491033 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15100b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple electrochemical binding assay for cholera toxin (CT) was developed using lactose labeled with daunomycin as an electroactive compound. The labeled lactose (LL) was determined with high sensitivity by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV). The electrochemical behaviors of LL at glassy carbon (GC), plastic formed carbon (PFC) and carbon nanotubes paste (CNTP) electrode were investigated. The CNTP electrode showed the greatest accumulation capacity for LL. The assay for CT based on the sequestration electrochemistry was demonstrated. The binding event of the LL to CT was detected by the decrease in the electrochemical response of daunomycin as an electroactive label without a separation process to remove the free LL from the one bound with CT before any measurements can be made. The detection limit of the CT assay using the CNTP electrode was 0.5 nM (42 ng mL(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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12
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Chiriacò MS, Primiceri E, D'Amone E, Ionescu RE, Rinaldi R, Maruccio G. EIS microfluidic chips for flow immunoassay and ultrasensitive cholera toxin detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:658-663. [PMID: 21127822 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A flow-injection impedimetric immunosensor for the sensitive, direct and label-free detection of cholera toxin is reported. A limit of detection smaller than 10 pM was achieved, a value thousands of times lower than the lethal dose. The developed chips fulfil the requirement of low cost and quick reply of the assay and are expected to enable field screening, prompt diagnosis and medical intervention without the need of specialized personnel and expensive equipment, a perspective of special relevance for use in developing countries. Since the chip layout includes two sensing areas each one with a 2 × 2 sensor array, our biochips can allow statistical or (alternatively) multiplex analysis of biorecognition events between antibodies immobilized on each working electrode and different antigens flowing into the chamber.
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13
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Kaittanis C, Banerjee T, Santra S, Santiesteban OJ, Teter K, Perez JM. Identification of molecular-mimicry-based ligands for cholera diagnostics using magnetic relaxation. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:307-14. [PMID: 21226491 DOI: 10.1021/bc100442q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When covalently bound to an appropriate ligand, iron oxide nanoparticles can bind to a specific target of interest. This interaction can be detected through changes in the solution's spin-spin relaxation times (T2) via magnetic relaxation measurements. In this report, a strategy of molecular mimicry was used in order to identify targeting ligands that bind to the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). The cellular CTB-receptor, ganglioside GM1, contains a pentasaccharide moiety consisting in part of galactose and glucose units. We therefore predicted that CTB would recognize carbohydrate-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles as GM1 mimics, thus producing a detectable change in the T2 relaxation times. Magnetic relaxation experiments demonstrated that CTB interacted with the galactose-conjugated nanoparticles. This interaction was confirmed via surface plasmon resonance studies using either the free or nanoparticle-conjugated galactose molecule. The galactose-conjugated nanoparticles were then used as CTB sensors achieving a detection limit of 40 pM. Via magnetic relaxation studies, we found that CTB also interacted with dextran-coated nanoparticles, and surface plasmon resonance studies also confirmed this interaction. Additional experiments demonstrated that the dextran-coated nanoparticle can also be used as CTB sensors and that dextran can prevent the internalization of CTB into GM1-expressing cells. Our work indicates that magnetic nanoparticle conjugates and magnetic relaxation detection can be used as a simple and fast method to identify targeting ligands via molecular mimicry. Furthermore, our results show that the dextran-coated nanoparticles represent a low-cost approach for CTB detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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14
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A capacitive immunosensor for detection of cholera toxin. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Golden JP, Sapsford KE. Fluoroimmunoassays using the NRL array biosensor. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 503:273-292. [PMID: 19151947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-567-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Array-based biosensor technology offers the user the ability to detect and quantify multiple targets in multiple samples simultaneously (Analytical Sciences 23:5-10, 2007). The NRL Array Biosensor has been developed with the aim of creating a system for sensitive, rapid, on-site screening for multiple targets of interest. This system is fluorescence-based, using evanescent illumination of a waveguide, and has demonstrated the use of both sandwich and competitive immunoassays for the detection of both high and low molecular weight targets, respectively. The current portable, automated system has demonstrated detection of a wide variety of analytes ranging from simple chemical compounds to entire bacterial cells, with applications in food safety, disease diagnosis, homeland security and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel P Golden
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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Protein Microarrays for the Detection of Biothreats. MICROARRAYS 2009. [PMCID: PMC7122912 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72719-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although protein microarrays have proven to be an important tool in proteomics research, the technology is emerging as useful for public health and defense applications. Recent progress in the measurement and characterization of biothreat agents is reviewed in this chapter. Details concerning validation of various protein microarray formats, from contact-printed sandwich assays to supported lipid bilayers, are presented. The reviewed technologies have important implications for in vitro characterization of toxin–ligand interactions, serotyping of bacteria, screening of potential biothreat inhibitors, and as core components of biosensors, among others, research and engineering applications.
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17
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Shriver-Lake LC, Charles PT, Taitt CR. Immobilization of biomolecules onto silica and silica-based surfaces for use in planar array biosensors. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 504:419-440. [PMID: 19159109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-569-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Several methods are described in which a biological recognition molecule--a critical element in any biosensor--is immobilized onto a silica or silica-based sensing substrate. Although several variations are described, the methods for covalent immobilization share a common theme and are generally composed of three steps: modification of the surface to add specific functional groups (using appropriate silanes or an amine or carboxyl-containing hydrogel), covalent attachment of a crosslinker through one of its reactive moieties, and finally, covalent linking of the biomolecule (recognition element) to the remaining reactive moiety of the crosslinker. One final method is presented in which the surface is modified with a highly hydrophobic silane and a glycolipid recognition element immobilized, essentially irreversibly, by hydrophobic interactions. All of the methods described have been successfully used to immobilize biological recognition molecules onto sensing surfaces, with full functionality in biosensor-binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Shriver-Lake
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ngundi MM, Ligler FS. Array Biosensor for Toxin Detection: Continued Advances. SENSORS 2008; 8:8361-8377. [PMID: 27873991 PMCID: PMC3791022 DOI: 10.3390/s8128361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The following review focuses on progress made in the last five years with the NRL Array Biosensor, a portable instrument for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Since 2003, the Array Biosensor has been automated and miniaturized for operation at the point-of-use. The Array Biosensor has also been used to demonstrate (1) quantitative immunoassays against an expanded number of toxins and toxin indicators in food and clinical fluids, and (2) the efficacy of semi-selective molecules as alternative recognition moieties. Blind trials, with unknown samples in a variety of matrices, have demonstrated the versatility, sensitivity, and reliability of the automated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
| | - Lisa C Shriver-Lake
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
| | - Miriam M Ngundi
- Food and Drug Administration, N29 RM418 HFM-434, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
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19
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Chen H, Zheng Y, Jiang JH, Wu HL, Shen GL, Yu RQ. An ultrasensitive chemiluminescence biosensor for cholera toxin based on ganglioside-functionalized supported lipid membrane and liposome. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:684-9. [PMID: 18672355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescence biosensor based on a supported lipid layer incorporated with ganglioside GM1 was developed for the detection of cholera toxin. The planar supported lipid membrane was prepared as biosensing interface via spontaneous spread of ganglioside-incorporated phospholipid vesicles on the octadecanethiol-coated gold surface. The specific interaction of multivalent CT by ganglioside GM1 molecules enables the biosensor to be implemented via a sandwiched format using a liposome probe functionalized with GM1 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Then, the presence of the target CT could be determined via the HRP-catalyzed enhanced chemiluminescence reaction. The developed strategy offers several unique advantages over conventional biosensors in that it allows for an easy construction and renewal of the sensing interface, a small background signal due to low non-specific adsorption of serum constituents on the lipid membrane, and effective immobilization of multiple biocatalytic amplifiers and recognition components via common phospholipid reagents. The developed biosensor was shown to give chemiluminescence signal in linear correlation to CT concentration within the range from 1pgmL(-1) to 1ngmL(-1) with readily achievable detection limit of 0.8pgmL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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20
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Ricci F, Volpe G, Micheli L, Palleschi G. A review on novel developments and applications of immunosensors in food analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 605:111-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Ligler FS, Sapsford KE, Golden JP, Shriver-Lake LC, Taitt CR, Dyer MA, Barone S, Myatt CJ. The array biosensor: portable, automated systems. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:5-10. [PMID: 17213615 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in surface chemistry, microfluidics, and data analysis, there are ever increasing reports of array-based methods for detecting and quantifying multiple targets. However, only a few systems have been described that require minimal preparation of complex samples and possess a means of quantitatively assessing matrix effects. The NRL Array Biosensor has been developed with the goal of rapid and sensitive detection of multiple targets from multiple samples analyzed simultaneously. A key characteristic of this system is its two-dimensional configuration, which allows controls and standards to be analyzed in parallel with unknowns. Although the majority of our work has focused on instrument automation and immunoassay development, we have recently initiated efforts to utilize alternative recognition molecules, such as peptides and sugars, for detection of a wider variety of targets. The array biosensor has demonstrated utility for a variety of applications, including food safety, disease diagnosis, monitoring immune response, and homeland security, and is presently being transitioned to the commercial sector for manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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22
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Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked into food matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 584:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Kulagina NV, Shaffer KM, Anderson GP, Ligler FS, Taitt CR. Antimicrobial peptide-based array for Escherichia coli and Salmonella screening. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:9-15. [PMID: 17723565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bacteria, plants, and higher organisms produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of their innate immune system, providing a chemical defense mechanism against microbial invasion. Many AMPs exert their antimicrobial activity by binding to components of the microbe's surface and disrupting the membrane. The goal of this study was to incorporate AMPs into screening assays for detection of pathogenic species. Surface-immobilized AMPs such as polymyxins B and E could be used to detect Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in two assay formats: direct and sandwich. Both types of assay confirmed that the peptides were immobilized in active form and could bind cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell binding to the AMPs was peptide-density dependent. This method for monitoring pathogen binding was extended to include other cationic AMPs such as cecropin A, magainin I and parasin. Detection limits (LODs) for E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium obtained with AMPs during sandwich assays were in the ranges of 5x10(4) to 5x10(5) and 1x10(5) to 5x10(6)cells mL(-1), respectively. The different AMPs showed significantly different affinities for the two bacterial species; the potential for classification of pathogens based on different binding patterns to AMPs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Kulagina
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Code 6900, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
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24
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Gooding JJ. Biosensor technology for detecting biological warfare agents: Recent progress and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Ngundi MM, Taitt CR, Ligler FS. Simultaneous determination of kinetic parameters for the binding of cholera toxin to immobilized sialic acid and monoclonal antibody using an array biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:124-30. [PMID: 16431098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 11/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between protein toxins and carbohydrate receptors are often semi-selective processes and the kinetic parameters that define the binding of a receptor to different toxins may vary with each interaction. In this study, we have determined the affinity constants for binding of cholera toxin (CT) to immobilized sialic acid and to anti-CT antibody (as a simultaneous reference) by measuring real-time binding processes using an array biosensor. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a member of the sialic acid family, was covalently immobilized onto maleimide-activated planar waveguides via a thiol-terminated linker attached to the anomeric carbon of the sugar. Control antibodies were immobilized using two different approaches: covalent attachment onto maleimide-activated slides via the thiol on cysteine residues and non-covalent attachment using a biotin-NeutrAvidin linkage. Cy5-labeled CT was flowed over the immobilized receptors and the fluorescent intensity of the bound CT-receptor complex was recorded as a function of time. The association constants for CT binding to covalently attached Neu5Ac, to covalently attached anti-CT monoclonal antibody, and to antibody tethered by biotin-NeutrAvidin interactions were determined to be 1.3 x 10(8), 2.1 x 10(8) and 5.7 x 10(8)M(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Ngundi
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Rucker VC, Havenstrite KL, Herr AE. Antibody microarrays for native toxin detection. Anal Biochem 2005; 339:262-70. [PMID: 15797567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed antibody-based microarray techniques for the multiplexed detection of cholera toxin beta-subunit, diphtheria toxin, anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, and tetanus toxin C fragment in spiked samples. Two detection schemes were investigated: (i) a direct assay in which fluorescently labeled toxins were captured directly by the antibody array and (ii) a competition assay that employed unlabeled toxins as reporters for the quantification of native toxin in solution. In the direct assay, fluorescence measured at each array element is correlated with labeled toxin concentration to yield baseline binding information (Langmuir isotherms and affinity constants). Extending from the direct assay, the competition assay yields information on the presence, identity, and concentration of toxins. A significant advantage of the competition assay over reported profiling assays is the minimal sample preparation required prior to analysis because the competition assay obviates the need to fluorescently label native proteins in the sample of interest. Sigmoidal calibration curves and detection limits were established for both assay formats. Although the sensitivity of the direct assay is superior to that of the competition assay, detection limits for unmodified toxins in the competition assay are comparable to values reported previously for sandwich-format immunoassays of antibodies arrayed on planar substrates. As a demonstration of the potential of the competition assay for unlabeled toxin detection, we conclude with a straightforward multiplexed assay for the differentiation and identification of both native S. aureus enterotoxin B and tetanus toxin C fragment in spiked dilute serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Rucker
- Biosystems Research Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry and Staedler Minerva Center for Mesoscopic Macromolecular Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel.
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Ngundi MM, Taitt CR, McMurry SA, Kahne D, Ligler FS. Detection of bacterial toxins with monosaccharide arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:1195-201. [PMID: 15946840 PMCID: PMC1550354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A large number of bacterial toxins, viruses and bacteria target carbohydrate derivatives on the cell surface to attach and gain entry into the cell. We report here the use of a monosaccharide-based array to detect protein toxins. The array-based technique provides the capability to perform simultaneous multianalyte analyses. Arrays of N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) derivatives were immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide and were used as receptors for protein toxins. These arrays were probed with fluorescently labeled bacterial cells and protein toxins. While Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) did not bind to either of the monosaccharides, both cholera toxin and tetanus toxin bound to GalNAc and Neu5Ac. The results show that the binding of the toxins to the carbohydrates is density dependent and semi-selective. Both toxins were detectable at 100 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Ngundi
- Center of Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Chris R. Taitt
- Center of Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott A. McMurry
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniel Kahne
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Center of Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- * Corresponding author: Tel.: +1-202-404-6002; Fax: +1-202-404-8897; e-mail:
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Taitt CR, Anderson GP, Ligler FS. Evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2470-87. [PMID: 15854820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 10/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since discovery and first use in the mid-1970s, evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors have developed into a diverse range of instruments, each designed to meet a particular detection need. In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of what evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors are, how they work, and how they are used. In addition, we have summarized the important patents that have impacted the evolution from laboratory curiosities to fully automated commercial products. Finally, we address the critical issues that evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors will face in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
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Chou SF. Production and purification of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against cholera toxin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 23:258-61. [PMID: 15319074 DOI: 10.1089/1536859041651376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against cholera toxin (CT). Hyperimmune ICR mice produced polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) after injection with 0.5 mL of pristane and were injected with NS-1 myeloma cells 2 weeks later. Hyperimmune Balb/c mice were used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). After these mice were immunized four times and given a final boost, their spleen cells were collected and fused with NS-1 myeloma cells under the presence of PEG 1500. The fused cells were then selected in the hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine (HAT)-RPMIX medium. Anti-CT antibody-secreting hybridoma cell lines with high titer were cloned by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and then subcloned by limiting dilution in 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) HT-RPMIX medium. Eleven murine hybridoma producing anti-CT MAbs were obtained and designated CT-A2, CT-B4, CT-B11, CT-C7, CT-D7, CT-E8, CT-F4, CT-F2, CT-F8, CT-E3, CT-E6. Isotypes of MAbs were identified as IgM heavy chain and all were lambda light chain. Hitrap rProtein A and Hitrap IgM purification columns were used for the purification of PAbs and MAbs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Sapsford KE, Shubin YS, Delehanty JB, Golden JP, Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ligler FS. Fluorescence-based array biosensors for detection of biohazards. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:47-58. [PMID: 14678158 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Sapsford
- Center for Bioresource Development, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Taitt CR, Shubin YS, Angel R, Ligler FS. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by using a rapid, array-based immunosensor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:152-8. [PMID: 14711637 PMCID: PMC321280 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.1.152-158.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multianalyte array biosensor (MAAB) is a rapid analysis instrument capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. Rapid (15-min), single-analyte sandwich immunoassays were developed for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, with a detection limit of 8 x 10(4) CFU/ml; the limit of detection was improved 10-fold by lengthening the assay protocol to 1 h. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was also detected in the following spiked foodstuffs, with minimal sample preparation: sausage, cantaloupe, whole liquid egg, alfalfa sprouts, and chicken carcass rinse. Cross-reactivity tests were performed with Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni. To determine whether the MAAB has potential as a screening tool for the diagnosis of asymptomatic Salmonella infection of poultry, chicken excretal samples from a private, noncommercial farm and from university poultry facilities were tested. While the private farm excreta gave rise to signals significantly above the buffer blanks, none of the university samples tested positive for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium without spiking; dose-response curves of spiked excretal samples from university-raised poultry gave limits of detection of 8 x 10(3) CFU/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
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