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Murugan N, Krishnamoorthy R, Khan JM, Gatasheh MK, Malathi J, Madhavan HNR, Ramalingam G, Jayaramana S. Unveiling the ocular battlefield: Insights into Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors and their implications for multidrug resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131677. [PMID: 38641280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The research investigates the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a pathogen known for its ability to cause human infections by releasing various exoenzymes and virulence factors. Particularly relevant in ocular infections, where tissue degeneration can occur, even after bacterial growth has ceased due to the potential role of secreted proteins/enzymes. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, both ocular (146) and non-ocular (54), were examined to determine the frequency and mechanism of virulence factors. Phenotypic characterization revealed the production of alginate, biofilm, phospholipase C, and alkaline protease, while genotypic testing using internal uniplex PCR identified the presence of Exo U, S, T, Y, and LasB genes. Results showed a significant prevalence of Exo U and Y genes in ocular isolates, a finding unique to Indian studies. Additionally, the study noted that ocular isolates often contained all four secretomes, suggesting a potential link between these factors and ocular infections. These findings contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections, particularly in ocular contexts, and highlights the importance of comprehensive virulence factor analysis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandagopal Murugan
- Department of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai-6000 06, India; Valluvar Rosalind Diagnostic & Research Lab, Tiruvotriyur, Chennai-600019, India
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jambulingam Malathi
- Department of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai-6000 06, India; Valluvar Rosalind Diagnostic & Research Lab, Tiruvotriyur, Chennai-600019, India
| | - Hajib Narahari Rao Madhavan
- Department of Microbiology, L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai-6000 06, India; Valluvar Rosalind Diagnostic & Research Lab, Tiruvotriyur, Chennai-600019, India
| | - Gopinath Ramalingam
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College and Hospital, Theni, Tamil Nadu-625512, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaramana
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India.
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Dilsat Nigar Colak. Alkaline Protease Producing Bacterium Isolated from Gut Waste of Salmo trutta: Purification and Characterization. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Achouri F, Said MB, Wahab MA, Bousselmi L, Corbel S, Schneider R, Ghrabi A. Effect of photocatalysis (TiO 2/UV A) on the inactivation and inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:4237-4246. [PMID: 32241229 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1751729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water disinfection using visible light-active photocatalyst has recently attracted more attention due to its potential to inactivate microbes. In this study, we have investigated the efficiency of photocatalysis (TiO2/UVA) on the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the attenuation of its virulence factors. For this aim, the photocatalytic effects of TiO2/UVA on the cultivability and viability of P. aeruginosa were investigated. Furthermore, during the photocatalysis, the morphology of the bacterial cells was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while the virulence factors were assessed by protease and lipase activities in addition to the mobility and communication of cells. The results revealed that during the photocatalysis the bacterial cells lost their cultivability and viability on agar under the action of the reactive oxygen species generated by the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, AFM observations have shown a damage of the bacterial membrane and a total disruption of the bacterial cells. Moreover, the major virulence factors such as biofilm, lipase and protease expression have been markedly inhibited by TiO2/UVA treatment. In addition, the bacteria lost their ability of communication 'quorum sensing' and mobility with twitching and swarming types after 60 min of photocatalytic treatment. Accordingly, TiO2/UVA is an effective method to reduce P. aeruginosa virulence and to prevent biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Achouri
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisia
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy Cedex, France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Wahab
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire de Traitement et Valorisation des Rejets Hydriques, Université de Carthage, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Bousselmi
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Serge Corbel
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Ghrabi
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisia
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Zhu Y, Ge X, Xie D, Wang S, Chen F, Pan S. Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Secrete LasB Elastase to Induce Hemorrhagic Diffuse Alveolar Damage in Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3767-3780. [PMID: 34393497 PMCID: PMC8354736 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are most often caused by bacterial pneumonia and characterized by severe dyspnea and high mortality. Knowledge about the lung injury effects of current clinical bacterial strains is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of representative pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients to cause ALI/ARDS in mice and identify the major virulence factor. Methods Seven major bacterial species were isolated from clinical sputum and unilaterally instilled into the mouse airway. A histology study was performed to determine the lung injury effect. Virulence genes were examined by PCR. Sequence types of P. aeruginosa strains were identified by MLST. LC-MS/MS was used to analysis the bacterial exoproducts proteome. LasB was purified through a DEAE-cellulose column, and its toxicity was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Results Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were randomly separated and tested 3 times. Among them, gram-negative bacteria have much more potential to cause acute lung injury than gram-positive bacteria. However, P. aeruginosa is the only pathogen that induces diffuse alveolar damage, hemorrhage and hyaline membranes in the lungs of mice. The lung injury effect is associated with the excreted LasB elastase. Purified LasB recapitulated lung injury similar to P. aeruginosa infection in vivo. We found that this was due to the powerful degradation effect of LasB on the extracellular matrix of the lung and key proteins in the coagulation cascade without inducing obvious cellular apoptosis. We also report for the first time that LasB could induce DIC-like coagulopathy in vitro. Conclusion P. aeruginosa strains are most capable of inducing ALI/ARDS in mice among major clinical pathogenic bacteria tested, and this ability is specifically attributed to their LasB production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ge
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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5
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Keskin ZB, Kahraman H. Effect of calcium on Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Bacillus cereus metabolites. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243189. [PMID: 34133571 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Calcium (Ca+2) on virulence and some parameters should be analyzed in this study. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram (-) and Bacillus cereus Gram (+) were used. Both bacteria are soil bacteria. In this study; the effect of Ca+2 on protease, amylase, LasB elastolytic assay, H2O2, pyorubin and biofilm on metabolites of these bacteria were investigated during 24 hour time. In this study, the effect of Ca+2 on the production of some secondary metabolites on P. aeruginosa and B. cereus was investigated and presented for the first time by us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Keskin
- Inonu University, Institute of Science, Department of Biology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - H Kahraman
- Inonu University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Malatya, Turkey
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Andrejko M, Mak P, Siemińska-Kuczer A, Iwański B, Wojda I, Suder P, Kuleta P, Regucka K, Cytryńska M. A comparison of the production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins by Galleria mellonella larvae in response to infection with two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains differing in the profile of secreted proteases. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 131:104239. [PMID: 33845095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The work presents identification of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (ATCC 27,853 and PA18), differing in the profile of secreted proteases. The insects were immunized with bacteria cultivated in rich (LB) and minimal (M9) media, which resulted in appearance of a similar broad set of AMPs in the hemolymph. Among them, 13 peptides and proteins were identified, i.e. proline-rich peptides 1 and 2, lebocin-like anionic peptide 1 and anionic peptide 2, defensin/galiomicin, cecropin, cecropin D-like peptide, apolipophoricin, gallerimycin, moricin-like peptide B, lysozyme, apolipophorin III, and superoxide dismutase. Bacterial strain- and/or medium-dependent changes in the level of proline-rich peptide 1, anionic peptide 1 and 2, moricin-like peptide B, cecropin D-like and gallerimycin were observed. The analysis of the expression of genes encoding cecropin, gallerimycin, and galiomicin indicated that they were differently affected by the bacterial strain but mainly by the medium used for bacterial culture. The highest expression was found for the LB medium. In addition to the antibacterial and antifungal activity, proteolytic activity was detected in the hemolymph of the P. aeruginosa-infected insects. Based on these results and those presented in our previous reports, it can be postulated that the appearance of AMPs in G. mellonella hemolymph can be triggered not only by P. aeruginosa pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) but also by bacterial extracellular proteases secreted during infection. However, although there were no qualitative differences in the set of AMPs depending on the P. aeruginosa strain and medium, differences in the level of particular AMPs synthesized in response to the bacteria used were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Andrejko
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Mak
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Siemińska-Kuczer
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Iwański
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Wojda
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Kuleta
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Regucka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cytryńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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7
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Hassan WH, Ibrahim AMK, Shany SAS, Salam HSH. Virulence and resistance determinants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from pericarditis in diseased broiler chickens in Egypt. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:452-463. [PMID: 33005671 PMCID: PMC7521822 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was performed to probe the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes profiling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from the cases of pericarditis in broiler chickens. Materials and methods: The samples (n = 250) collected from the cases of pericarditis in broiler chickens were bacteriologically examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion technique. The isolates were genotypically studied for the presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene traits. Finally, the nucleotide sequence of representative resistance gene (mexR gene) and virulence genes (toxA and lasI genes) was analyzed. Results: P. aeruginosa was isolated from 45 samples (18%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed multidrug resistance in most of the recovered P. aeruginosa isolates, whereas colistin and imipenem were the furthermost in vitro-sensitive antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance genes, such as blaCTX, fox, and mexR, were prevalent in 100%, 80%, and 100% of the isolates, respectively. PCR confirmed virulence genes such as toxA, exoY, lasB, and lasI in 100%, 60%, 80%, and 80% of the isolates, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis of representative resistance gene (mexR gene) and virulence genes (toxA and lasI genes) revealed a high correlation between P. aeruginosa recovered from pericarditis in broiler chickens in the present study with PAO1 (reference strain) and with other sequences published on the GenBank representing different localities worldwide. Conclusion: It could be concluded that P. aeruginosa recovered from pericarditis in broiler chickens in the current study is highly virulent bacteria, resisting most of the therapeutic agents which not only bear hazards for poultry industry but also represent a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala Sayed Hassan Salam
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Milk fat influences proteolytic enzyme activity of dairy Pseudomonas species. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 320:108543. [PMID: 32028204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of growth conditions on proteolytic activity of six Pseudomonas strains, (Pseudomonas fragi DZ1, Pseudomonas koreensis DZ138, Pseudomonas rhodesiae DZ351, Pseudomonas fluorescens DZ390, Pseudomonas synxantha DZ832 and Pseudomonas lundensis DZ845), isolated from raw milk. The proteolytic activity of all Pseudomonas strains in dairy media (skim milk and whole milk) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in non-dairy media (TSB), with most activity from Pseudomonas grown in whole milk. The proteolytic activity from P. lundensis DZ845 grown in TSB with the addition of 5% (w/v) butter was higher than other dairy ingredients added to TSB and the amount of proteolytic activity increased with increasing concentrations of butter (from 5 to 15%). P. rhodesiae DZ351 showed little proteolytic activity in all TSB supplemented with dairy ingredients. Only four of the six strains produced one protease of 47 kDa when grown in TSB. However, all six strains were able to produce at least one type of proteases in milk medium. For P. lundensis DZ845, a 12% casein zymography gel revealed that the presence of butter could induce proteolytic activity. This is the first study showing the effect of milk fat (butter) on the proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas. This highlights the greater vulnerability of whole milk compared to skim milk to proteolytic activity.
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Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Gonzales J, Gorshkov B, Bodmer T, Berthiaume Y, Moehrlen U, Lode H, Huwer H, Hudel M, Mraheil MA, Toque HAF, Chakraborty T, Hamacher J. Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040223. [PMID: 32252376 PMCID: PMC7232160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung's innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Boris Gorshkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Thomas Bodmer
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Waldeggstr. 37 CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürch, Switzerland;
| | - Hartmut Lode
- Insitut für klinische Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Reichsstrasse 2, D-14052 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Center, 66333 Voelklingen/Saar, Germany;
| | - Martina Hudel
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Haroldo Alfredo Flores Toque
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
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10
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Sörensen M, Kantorek J, Byrnes L, Boutin S, Mall MA, Lasitschka F, Zabeck H, Nguyen D, Dalpke AH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Modulates the Antiviral Response of Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:96. [PMID: 32117250 PMCID: PMC7025480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients frequently acquire Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections that have been associated with a bad prognosis and an increased rate of pulmonary exacerbations. Respiratory viruses can cause exacerbations in chronic pulmonary diseases including COPD or asthma and have been suggested to contribute to exacerbations also in CF. In this study we investigated a possible link between P. aeruginosa infection and susceptibility to respiratory viruses. We show that P. aeruginosa is able to block the antiviral response of airway epithelial cells thereby promoting virus infection and spread. Mechanistically, P. aeruginosa secretes the protease AprA in a LasR dependent manner, which is able of directly degrading epithelial-derived IFNλ resulting in inhibition of IFN signaling. In addition, we correlate the virus infection status of CF patients with the ability of patients' P. aeruginosa isolates to degrade IFNλ. In line with this, the infection status of CF patients correlated significantly with the amount of respiratory viruses in sputum. Our data suggest that the interplay between P. aeruginosa and respiratory virus infections might partially explain the association of increased rates of pulmonary exacerbations and P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sörensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory Enders and Partners, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Kantorek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lauren Byrnes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,TI Biobanking, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Zabeck
- Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Prateeksha, Bajpai R, Yusuf MA, Upreti DK, Gupta VK, Singh BN. Endolichenic fungus, Aspergillus quandricinctus of Usnea longissima inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103933. [PMID: 31862392 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are composite organisms, comprising of a fungus (mycobiont) and a blue-green alga (photobiont). Along with the mycobiont, numerous non-obligate microfungi live in lichen thalli. These microfungi are called endolichenic fungi (ELF). In recent years, the ELF are emerging as promising natural sources because of their capability to exert unique drug molecules. The current study aimed to isolate the ELF from the lichen, Usnea longissima Ach., to control of biofilm formation and quorum sensing phenomenon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic multidrug resistance pathogen that uses quorum sensing network to produce an array of pathogenic agents. Therefore, inhibiting quorum sensing to manage the infection caused by PAO1 could be the paramount alternative approach to conventional antibiotics. The isolated ELF was identified by amplifying the long subunit region of the fungal genome. The extracted metabolites of ELF (MELE) using the acetone solvent was further investigated for anti-quorum sensing activity using the biomarker strain Chromobacterium violaceum 12472 which exerts violacein pigment via the AHL mediated quorum sensing signalling. Moreover, the effect of MELE was also evaluated on the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The molecular identification revealed that ELF (accession number MN171299) exhibited 100% similarity with Aspergillus quandricinctus strain CBS 135.52. The MELE showed significant anti-quorum sensing activity at the concentration of 4 mg/mL without affecting the bacterial cell viability of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The MELE diminished the production of virulence factors, including pyocyanin, protease, elastase, rhamnolipids, and extracellular polysaccharides of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in a concentration-dependent manner. The MELE also disturbed biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The 3-D analysis of biofilm architecture showed that the thickness and surface area covered by microcolonies was decreased as the concentration of MELE was increased. The GC-MS analysis of MELE exhibited that organic acids and fatty acids are major constituents of the MELE. The present study reports first time that the ELF, A. quandricinctus possesses potential to inhibit quorum sensing and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and can be further exploited for hospital and healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- Lichenology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dalip Kumar Upreti
- Lichenology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Brahma Nand Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Luciardi MC, Blázquez MA, Alberto MR, Cartagena E, Arena ME. Grapefruit essential oils inhibit quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2019; 26:231-241. [PMID: 31684768 DOI: 10.1177/1082013219883465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Citrus essential oils are used in food to confer flavor and aromas. The citrus essential oils have been granted as GRAS and could be used as antimicrobial additives to control bacterial quorum sensing from potential food bacterial pathogens. The chemical composition and inhibitory activity of Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) essential oils obtained by cold-pressed method (EOP) and cold-pressed method followed by steam distillation, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined. The GC-MS analyses of the oil indicated the amount of the essential oil components was highest with D-limonene in both cases. However, the extraction method modified the chemical composition. EOP had higher amount of coumarins and flavonoid as well as less oxygenated terpenoids. At 0.1 mg/mL essential oils were not able to modify the bacterial development but inhibited the P. aeruginosa biofilm production between 52% and 55%, sessile viability between 45% and 48%, autoinducer production and elastase activity between 30% and 56%. Limonene was less effective at inhibiting P. aeruginosa than the essential oils, suggesting a synergistic effect of the minor components. According to our results, grapefruit essential oils could be used as a food preservative to control P. aeruginosa virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Luciardi
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M Amparo Blázquez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María R Alberto
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Elena Cartagena
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario E Arena
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
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13
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Loarca D, Díaz D, Quezada H, Guzmán-Ortiz AL, Rebollar-Ruiz A, Presas AMF, Ramírez-Peris J, Franco-Cendejas R, Maeda T, Wood TK, García-Contreras R. Seeding Public Goods Is Essential for Maintaining Cooperation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2322. [PMID: 31649653 PMCID: PMC6794470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls the production of costly public goods such as exoproteases. This cooperative behavior is susceptible to social cheating by mutants that do not invest in the exoprotease production but assimilate the amino acids and peptides derived by the hydrolysis of proteins in the extracellular media. In sequential cultures with protein as the sole carbon source, these social cheaters are readily selected and often reach equilibrium with the exoprotease producers. Nevertheless, an excess of cheaters causes the collapse of population growth. In this work, using the reference strain PA14 and a clinical isolate from a burn patient, we demonstrate that the initial amount of public goods (exoprotease) that comes with the inoculum in each sequential culture is essential for maintaining population growth and that eliminating the exoprotease in the inoculum leads to rapid population collapse. Therefore, our results suggest that sequential washes should be combined with public good inhibitors to more effectively combat P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Loarca
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dánae Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Guzmán-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Rebollar-Ruiz
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jimena Ramírez-Peris
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Franco-Cendejas
- División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Sciences and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis: Protease IV and PASP as Corneal Virulence Mediators. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090281. [PMID: 31443433 PMCID: PMC6780138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of bacterial keratitis, especially in users of contact lenses. These infections are characterized by extensive degradation of the corneal tissue mediated by Pseudomonas protease activities, including both Pseudomonas protease IV (PIV) and the P. aeruginosa small protease (PASP). The virulence role of PIV was determined by the reduced virulence of a PIV-deficient mutant relative to its parent strain and the mutant after genetic complementation (rescue). Additionally, the non-ocular pathogen Pseudomonas putida acquired corneal virulence when it produced active PIV from a plasmid-borne piv gene. The virulence of PIV is not limited to the mammalian cornea, as evidenced by its destruction of respiratory surfactant proteins and the cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), the key inducer of anti-bacterial peptides. Furthermore, PIV contributes to the P. aeruginosa infection of both insects and plants. A possible limitation of PIV is its inefficient digestion of collagens; however, PASP, in addition to cleaving multiple soluble proteins, is able to efficiently cleave collagens. A PASP-deficient mutant lacks the corneal virulence of its parent or rescue strain evidencing its contribution to corneal damage, especially epithelial erosion. Pseudomonas-secreted proteases contribute importantly to infections of the cornea, mammalian lung, insects, and plants.
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15
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Massai F, Saleeb M, Doruk T, Elofsson M, Forsberg Å. Development, Optimization, and Validation of a High Throughput Screening Assay for Identification of Tat and Type II Secretion Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:250. [PMID: 31355152 PMCID: PMC6635566 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are becoming less effective in treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial therapies based on the inhibition of specific virulence-related traits, as opposed to growth inhibitors, constitute an innovative and appealing approach to tackle the threat of P. aeruginosa infections. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa, and constitutes a promising target for the development of anti-pseudomonal drugs. In this study we developed and optimized a whole-cell, one-well assay, based on native phospholipase C activity, to identify compounds active against the Tat system. Statistical robustness, sensitivity and consequently suitability for high-throughput screening (HTS) were confirmed by a dry run/pre-screening test scoring a Z′ of 0.82 and a signal-to-noise ratio of 49. Using this assay, we evaluated ca. 40,000 molecules and identified 59 initial hits as possible Tat inhibitors. Since phospholipase C is exported into the periplasm by Tat, and subsequently translocated across the outer membrane by the type II secretion system (T2SS), our assay could also identify T2SS inhibitors. To validate our hits and discriminate between compounds that inhibited either Tat or T2SS, two separate counter assays were developed and optimized. Finally, three Tat inhibitors and one T2SS inhibitor were confirmed by means of dose-response analysis and additional counter and confirming assays. Although none of the identified inhibitors was suitable as a lead compound for drug development, this study validates our assay as a simple, efficient, and HTS compatible method for the identification of Tat and T2SS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Massai
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Saleeb
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tugrul Doruk
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Elofsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åke Forsberg
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Zhang C, Bijl E, Svensson B, Hettinga K. The Extracellular Protease AprX fromPseudomonasand its Spoilage Potential for UHT Milk: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:834-852. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Zhang
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Etske Bijl
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Svensson
- Tetra Pak Processing Systems ABRuben Rausings gata 221 86 Lund Sweden
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
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17
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Anaerobiosis influences virulence properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates and the interaction with Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6748. [PMID: 31043640 PMCID: PMC6494883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are abundantly colonised by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Co-infecting hypoxic regions of static mucus within CF airways, together with decreases in pulmonary function, mucus plugging and oxygen consumption by host neutrophils gives rise to regions of anoxia. This study determined the impact of anaerobiosis upon S. aureus-P. aeruginosa interactions in planktonic co-culture and mixed species biofilms in vitro. Whilst anoxia reduced the ability for P. aeruginosa CF isolates to dominate over S. aureus, this occurred in an isolate dependent manner. Investigations into the underlying mechanisms suggest that the anti-staphylococcal compound facilitating P. aeruginosa dominance under normoxia and anoxia is greater than 3 kDa in size and is heat-stable. Not all interspecies interactions studied were antagonistic, as S. aureus exoproducts were shown to restore and enhance P. aeruginosa motility under normoxia and anoxia in an isolate dependent manner. Collectively, this study suggests changes in oxygen availability within regions of the CF lung is likely to influence interspecies interactions and in turn, potentially influence disease progression.
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18
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Heterogeneous production of proteases from Brazilian clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 35:630-637. [PMID: 27480954 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen that causes severe infections in a wide range of immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we evaluated the proteolytic profiles of 96 Brazilian clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa recovered from diverse anatomical sites. METHODS Cell-associated and extracellular proteases were evidenced by gelatin-SDS-PAGE and by the cleavage of soluble gelatin. Elastase was measured by using the peptide substrate N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide. The prevalence of elastase genes (lasA and lasB) was evaluated by PCR. RESULTS Bacterial extracts were initially applied on gelatin-SDS-PAGE and the results revealed four distinct zymographic profiles as follows: profile I (composed by bands of 145, 118 and 50kDa), profile II (118 and 50kDa), profile III (145kDa) and profile IV (118kDa). All the proteolytic enzymes were inhibited by EDTA, identifying them as metalloproteases. The profile I was the most detected in both cellular (79.2%) and extracellular (84.4%) extracts. Overall, gelatinase and elastase activities measured in the spent culture media were significantly higher (around 2-fold) compared to the cellular extracts and the production level varied according to the site of bacterial isolation. For instance, tracheal secretion isolates produced elevated amount of gelatinase and elastase measured in both cellular and extracellular extracts. The prevalence of elastase genes revealed that 100% isolates were lasB-positive and 85.42% lasA-positive. Some positive/negative correlations were showed concerning the production of gelatinase, elastase, isolation site and antimicrobial susceptibility. CONCLUSION The protease production was highly heterogeneous in Brazilian clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, which corroborates the genomic/metabolic versatility of this pathogen.
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19
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Wilkinson HN, Iveson S, Catherall P, Hardman MJ. A Novel Silver Bioactive Glass Elicits Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in an ex Vivo Skin Wound Biofilm Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1450. [PMID: 30018606 PMCID: PMC6037725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infection is now understood to be a potent contributor to the recalcitrant nature of chronic wounds. Bacterial biofilms evade the host immune response and show increased resistance to antibiotics. Along with improvements in antibiotic stewardship, effective new anti-biofilm therapies are urgently needed for effective wound management. Previous studies have shown that bioactive glass (Bg) is able to promote healing with moderate bactericidal activity. Here we tested the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel BG incorporating silver (BgAg), against both planktonic and biofilm forms of the wound-relevant bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. BgAg was stable, long lasting, and potently effective against planktonic bacteria in time-kill assays (6-log reduction in bacterial viability within 2 h) and in agar diffusion assays. BgAg reduced bacterial load in a physiologically relevant ex vivo porcine wound biofilm model; P. aeruginosa (2-log reduction) and S. aureus (3-log reduction). BgAg also conferred strong effects against P. aeruginosa biofilm virulence, reducing both protease activity and virulence gene expression. Co-culture biofilms appeared more resistant to BgAg, where a selective reduction in S. aureus was observed. Finally, BgAg was shown to benefit the host response to biofilm infection, directly reducing host tissue cell death. Taken together, the findings provide evidence that BgAg elicits potent antimicrobial effects against planktonic and single-species biofilms, with beneficial effects on the host tissue response. Further investigations are required to elucidate the specific consequences of BG administration on polymicrobial biofilms, and further explore the effects on host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sammi Iveson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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20
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Bradshaw JL, Caballero AR, Bierdeman MA, Adams KV, Pipkins HR, Tang A, O'Callaghan RJ, McDaniel LS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Protease IV Exacerbates Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Systemic Disease. mSphere 2018; 3:e00212-18. [PMID: 29720526 PMCID: PMC5932373 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00212-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a pulmonary disease affecting people of all ages and is consistently a leading cause of childhood mortality and adult hospitalizations. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major lung pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Additionally, mixed lung infections involving these bacterial pathogens are increasing in prevalence and are frequently more severe than single infections. The cooperative interactions of these two pathogens that impact pulmonary disease severity are understudied. A major secreted virulence factor of P. aeruginosa, protease IV (PIV), cleaves interleukin 22 (IL-22), a cytokine essential for maintaining innate mucosal defenses against extracellular pathogens. Here, we investigate the ability of PIV to augment the virulence of a pneumococcal strain with limited virulence, S. pneumoniae EF3030, in a C57BL/6 murine model of pneumonia. We demonstrate that pulmonary coinfection involving P. aeruginosa 103-29 and S. pneumoniae EF3030 results in pneumococcal bacteremia that is abrogated during pneumococcal coinfection with a PIV-deficient strain. Furthermore, intratracheal administration of exogenous PIV and EF3030 resulted in abundant immune cell infiltration into the lung with large abscess formation, as well as severe bacteremia leading to 100% mortality. Heat-inactivated PIV did not worsen pneumonia or reliably induce bacteremia, suggesting that the specific activity of PIV is required. Our studies also show that PIV depletes IL-22 in vivo Moreover, PIV-mediated enhancement of pneumonia and disease severity was dependent on the expression of pneumolysin (Ply), a prominent virulence factor of S. pneumoniae Altogether, we reveal that PIV and Ply additively potentiate pneumonia in a murine model of lung infection.IMPORTANCES. pneumoniae remains the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia despite widespread use of pneumococcal vaccines, forcing the necessity for appropriate treatment to control pneumococcal infections. Coinfections involving S. pneumoniae with other bacterial pathogens threaten antibiotic treatment strategies and disease outcomes. Currently, there is not an effective treatment for alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction that precedes bacteremia. An understanding of the dynamics of host-pathogen interactions during single and mixed pulmonary infections could elucidate proper treatment strategies needed to prevent or reduce invasive disease. Antibiotic treatment decreases bacterial burden in the lung but also increases acute pathology due to cytotoxins released via antibiotic-induced bacterial lysis. Therefore, targeted therapeutics that inhibit or counteract the effects of bacterial proteases and toxins are needed in order to limit pathology and disease progression. This study identifies the cooperative effect of PIV and Ply, products of separate lung pathogens that additively alter the lung environment and facilitate invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Armando R Caballero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael A Bierdeman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kristen V Adams
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Haley R Pipkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Aihua Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Richard J O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Larry S McDaniel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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21
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Haripriyan J, Omanakuttan A, Menon ND, Vanuopadath M, Nair SS, Corriden R, Nair BG, Nizet V, Kumar GB. Clove Bud Oil Modulates Pathogenicity Phenotypes of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3437. [PMID: 29467483 PMCID: PMC5821892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that clove bud oil (CBO) attenuates expression of certain virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Here, we probe more deeply into the effect of CBO on four pseudomonal proteases - elastase A, elastase B, protease IV and alkaline protease - each known to play key roles in disease pathogenesis. CBO inhibited the activity of these proteases present in the bacterial culture supernatant. Zymography studies indicated that these proteases can activate host matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) to establish infection, through conversion of pro-MMP-2 to active MMP-2. PAO1 is a predominant pathogen in burn wound infections and we show the modulatory effect of CBO on MMPs in an in vitro model of burn injury. Furthermore, CBO induced dose-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation in human neutrophils. CBO also increased the survival of C. elegans infected with PAO1, establishing an anti-infective role in a whole animal model of pathogenesis. LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that CBO treatment elicited a significant reduction of signalling molecules (Acyl-Homoserine-Lactone) involved in quorum sensing regulation. Our observations demonstrate that CBO attenuates key virulence mechanisms of this important human pathogen, while concomitantly enhancing host innate immunomodulatory functions, with potential implications for topical therapy against antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalekshmi Haripriyan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Athira Omanakuttan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Nitasha D Menon
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Muralidharan Vanuopadath
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Sudarslal Sadasivan Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Ross Corriden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Victor Nizet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 920093, USA
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
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22
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Mastropasqua MC, D'Orazio M, Cerasi M, Pacello F, Gismondi A, Canini A, Canuti L, Consalvo A, Ciavardelli D, Chirullo B, Pasquali P, Battistoni A. Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in zinc poor environments is promoted by a nicotianamine-related metallophore. Mol Microbiol 2017; 106:543-561. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melania D'Orazio
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Cerasi
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | | | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Lorena Canuti
- Department of Biology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT; Chieti Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT; Chieti Italy
- School of Human and Social Science; “Kore” University of Enna; Enna Italy
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
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23
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Guillon A, Brea D, Morello E, Tang A, Jouan Y, Ramphal R, Korkmaz B, Perez-Cruz M, Trottein F, O'Callaghan RJ, Gosset P, Si-Tahar M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteolytically alters the interleukin 22-dependent lung mucosal defense. Virulence 2017; 8:810-820. [PMID: 27792459 PMCID: PMC5626239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1253658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-22 signaling pathway is critical for regulating mucosal defense and limiting bacterial dissemination. IL-22 is unusual among interleukins because it does not directly regulate the function of conventional immune cells, but instead targets cells at outer body barriers, such as respiratory epithelial cells. Consequently, IL-22 signaling participates in the maintenance of the lung mucosal barrier by controlling cell proliferation and tissue repair, and enhancing the production of specific chemokines and anti-microbial peptides. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen of ventilator-associated pneumonia and causes considerable lung tissue damage. A feature underlying the pathogenicity of this bacterium is its capacity to persist and develop in the host, particularly in the clinical context of nosocomial lung infections. We aimed to investigate the ability of P. auruginosa to disrupt immune-epithelial cells cross-talk. We found that P. aeruginosa escapes the host mucosal defenses by degrading IL-22, leading to severe inhibition of IL-22-mediated immune responses. We demonstrated in vitro that, protease IV, a type 2 secretion system-dependent serine protease, is responsible for the degradation of IL-22 by P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the major anti-proteases molecules present in the lungs were unable to inhibit protease IV enzymatic activity. In addition, tracheal aspirates of patients infected by P. aeruginosa contain protease IV activity which further results in IL-22 degradation. This so far undescribed cleavage of IL-22 by a bacterial protease is likely to be an immune-evasion strategy that contributes to P. aeruginosa-triggered respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guillon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Tours, France
| | - Deborah Brea
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eric Morello
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Aihua Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Youenn Jouan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Tours, France
| | - Reuben Ramphal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
| | - Magdiel Perez-Cruz
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Francois Trottein
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Richard J. O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), INSERM UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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24
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Fila G, Kawiak A, Grinholc MS. Blue light treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Strong bactericidal activity, synergism with antibiotics and inactivation of virulence factors. Virulence 2017; 8:938-958. [PMID: 27763824 PMCID: PMC5626244 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1250995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most common pathogens responsible for both acute and chronic infections of high incidence and severity. Additionally, P. aeruginosa resistance to conventional antimicrobials has increased rapidly over the past decade. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic options, particularly options that specifically target the pathogenic mechanisms of this microbe. The ability of a pathogenic bacterium to cause disease is dependent upon the production of agents termed 'virulence factors', and approaches to mitigate these agents have gained increasing attention as new antibacterial strategies. Although blue light irradiation is a promising alternative approach, only limited and preliminary studies have described its effect on virulence factors. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of lethal and sub-lethal doses of blue light treatment (BLT) on P. aeruginosa virulence factors. We analyzed the inhibitory effects of blue light irradiation on the production/activity of several virulence factors. Lethal BLT inhibited the activity of pyocyanin, staphylolysin, pseudolysin and other proteases, but sub-lethal BLT did not affect the production/expression of proteases, phospholipases, and flagella- or type IV pili-associated motility. Moreover, a eukaryotic cytotoxicity test confirmed the decreased toxicity of blue light-treated extracellular P. aeruginosa fractions. Finally, the increased antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa treated with sequential doses of sub-lethal BLT was demonstrated with a checkerboard test. Thus, this work provides evidence-based proof of the susceptibility of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa to BLT-mediated killing, accompanied by virulence factor reduction, and describes the synergy between antibiotics and sub-lethal BLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Fila
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Division of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Stanislaw Grinholc
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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25
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Comparison of seven structurally related coumarins on the inhibition of Quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. Bioorg Chem 2017; 73:37-42. [PMID: 28599132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell signaling communication system that controls the virulence behavior of a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens, participating also in the development of biofilms, responsible of the antibiotic ineffectiveness in many infections. Therefore, QS system is an attractive target for antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we compare the effect of seven structurally related coumarins against bacterial growth, biofilm formation and elastase activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the anti-pathogenic capacity of the seven coumarins was evaluated on the wild type and the biosensor strain of Chromobacterium violaceum. The comparative study of coumarins showed that molecules with hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring displayed higher activity on the inhibition of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa over coumarins with substituents in positions 3 and 4 or without the double 3,4-bond. These 3 or 4-hydroxylated positions caused a decrease in the anti-biofilm activity obtained for coumarin. However, the hydroxyl group in position 3 of the pyrone ring was important for the inhibition of C. violaceum QS and elastolytic activity of P. aeruginosa. The effects observed were active independently of any effect on growth. According to our results, coumarin and its hydroxylated derivatives represent an interesting group of compounds to use as anti-virulence agents against the human pathogen P. aeruginosa.
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26
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Prateeksha, Singh BR, Shoeb M, Sharma S, Naqvi AH, Gupta VK, Singh BN. Scaffold of Selenium Nanovectors and Honey Phytochemicals for Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:93. [PMID: 28386534 PMCID: PMC5362927 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is an excellent source of polyphenolic compounds that are effective in attenuating quorum sensing (QS), a chemical process of cell-to-cell communication system used by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to regulate virulence and biofilm formation. However, lower water solubility and inadequate bioavailability remains major concerns of these therapeutic polyphenols. Its therapeutic index can be improved by using nano-carrier systems to target QS signaling potently. In the present study, we fabricated a unique drug delivery system comprising selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs; non-viral vectors) and polyphenols of honey (HP) for enhancement of anti-QS activity of HP against P. aeruginosa PAO1. The developed selenium nano-scaffold showed superior anti-QS activity, anti-biofilm efficacy, and anti-virulence potential in both in-vitro and in-vivo over its individual components, SeNPs and HP. LasR is inhibited by selenium nano-scaffold in-vitro. Using computational molecular docking studies, we have also demonstrated that the anti-virulence activity of selenium nano-scaffold is reliant on molecular binding that occurs between HP and the QS receptor LasR through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Our preliminary investigations with selenium-based nano-carriers hold significant promise to improve anti-virulence effectiveness of phytochemicals by enhancing effective intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Braj R. Singh
- Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - M. Shoeb
- Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - S. Sharma
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - A. H. Naqvi
- Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Molecular Glyco-Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, NUI GalwayGalway, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, School of Science, Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinn, Estonia
| | - Brahma N. Singh
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
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27
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Ganesh PS, Rai RV. Inhibition of quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Murraya koenigii essential oil: a study in a Caenorhabditis elegans infectious model. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1528-1535. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sankar Ganesh
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravishankar Vittal Rai
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
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28
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Tettmann B, Niewerth C, Kirschhöfer F, Neidig A, Dötsch A, Brenner-Weiss G, Fetzner S, Overhage J. Enzyme-Mediated Quenching of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) Promotes Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Increasing Iron Availability. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1978. [PMID: 28018312 PMCID: PMC5145850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone 2,4-dioxygenase HodC was previously described to cleave the Pseudomonas quinolone signal, PQS, which is exclusively used in the complex quorum sensing (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen employing QS to regulate virulence and biofilm development. Degradation of PQS by exogenous addition of HodC to planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa attenuated production of virulence factors, and reduced virulence in planta. However, proteolytic cleavage reduced the efficacy of HodC. Here, we identified the secreted protease LasB of P. aeruginosa to be responsible for HodC degradation. In static biofilms of the P. aeruginosa PA14 lasB::Tn mutant, the catalytic activity of HodC led to an increase in viable biomass in newly formed but also in established biofilms, and reduced the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism and siderophore production, such as pvdS, pvdL, pvdA, and pvdQ. This is likely due to an increase in the levels of bioavailable iron by degradation of PQS, which is able to sequester iron from the surrounding environment. Thus, HodC, despite its ability to quench the production of virulence factors, is contraindicated for combating P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Tettmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christine Niewerth
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anke Neidig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster Münster, Germany
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Jack AA, Nordli HR, Powell LC, Powell KA, Kishnani H, Johnsen PO, Pukstad B, Thomas DW, Chinga-Carrasco G, Hill KE. The interaction of wood nanocellulose dressings and the wound pathogen P. aeruginosa. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1955-1962. [PMID: 27987916 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds pose an increasingly significant worldwide economic burden (over £1 billion per annum in the UK alone). With the escalation in global obesity and diabetes, chronic wounds will increasingly be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are highly versatile and can be tailored with specific physical properties to produce an assortment of three-dimensional structures (hydrogels, aerogels or films), for subsequent utilization as wound dressing materials. Growth curves using CNF (diameter <20nm) in suspension demonstrated an interesting dose-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth. In addition, analysis of biofilm formation (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1) on nanocellulose aerogels (20g/m2) revealed significantly less biofilm biomass with decreasing aerogel porosity and surface roughness. Importantly, virulence factor production by P. aeruginosa in the presence of nanocellulose materials, quantified for the first time, was unaffected (p>0.05) over 24h. These data demonstrate the potential of nanocellulose materials in the development of novel dressings that may afford significant clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Jack
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
| | - Henriette R Nordli
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Kate A Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Himanshu Kishnani
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | | | - Brita Pukstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | | | - Katja E Hill
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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Reboud E, Elsen S, Bouillot S, Golovkine G, Basso P, Jeannot K, Attrée I, Huber P. Phenotype and toxicity of the recently discovered exlA-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected worldwide. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3425-3439. [PMID: 26914644 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified a hypervirulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, differing significantly from the classical strains in that it lacks the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), a major determinant of P. aeruginosa virulence. This new strain secretes a novel toxin, called ExlA, which induces plasma membrane rupture in host cells. For this study, we collected 18 other exlA-positive T3SS-negative strains, analyzed their main virulence factors and tested their toxicity in various models. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups. The strains were isolated on five continents from patients with various pathologies or in the environment. Their proteolytic activity and their motion abilities were highly different, as well as their capacity to infect epithelial, endothelial, fibroblastic and immune cells, which correlated directly with ExlA secretion levels. In contrast, their toxicity towards human erythrocytes was limited. Some strains were hypervirulent in a mouse pneumonia model and others on chicory leaves. We conclude that (i) exlA-positive strains can colonize different habitats and may induce various infection types, (ii) the strains secreting significant amounts of ExlA are cytotoxic for most cell types but are poorly hemolytic, (iii) toxicity in planta does not correlate with ExlA secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Bouillot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Golovkine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pauline Basso
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Hôpital Universitaire de Besançon, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- CNRS, ERL5261, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- CEA, iRTSV-BCI, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- INSERM, U1036, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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31
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Colmer-Hamood JA, Dzvova N, Kruczek C, Hamood AN. In Vitro Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Using Conditions That Mimic the Environment at Specific Infection Sites. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 142:151-91. [PMID: 27571695 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and acute systemic infections in severely burned patients and immunocompromised patients including cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and HIV infected individuals. In response to the environmental conditions at specific infection sites, P. aeruginosa expresses certain sets of cell-associated and extracellular virulence factors that produce tissue damage. Analyzing the mechanisms that govern the production of these virulence factors in vitro requires media that closely mimic the environmental conditions within the infection sites. In this chapter, we review studies based on media that closely resemble three in vivo conditions, the thick mucus accumulated within the lung alveoli of CF patients, the serum-rich wound bed and the bloodstream. Media resembling the CF alveolar mucus include standard laboratory media supplemented with sputum obtained from CF patients as well as prepared synthetic mucus media formulated to contain the individual components of CF sputum. Media supplemented with serum or individual serum components have served as surrogates for the soluble host components of wound infections, while whole blood has been used to investigate the adaptation of pathogens to the bloodstream. Studies using these media have provided valuable information regarding P. aeruginosa gene expression in different host environments as varying sets of genes were differentially regulated during growth in each medium. The unique effects observed indicate the essential role of these in vitro media that closely mimic the in vivo conditions in providing accurate information regarding the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Colmer-Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| | - N Dzvova
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - C Kruczek
- Honors College, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - A N Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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32
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Role of Iron Uptake Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence and Airway Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2324-2335. [PMID: 27271740 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00098-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Iron is essential for bacterial growth, and P. aeruginosa expresses multiple iron uptake systems, whose role in lung infection deserves further investigation. P. aeruginosa Fe(3+) uptake systems include the pyoverdine and pyochelin siderophores and two systems for heme uptake, all of which are dependent on the TonB energy transducer. P. aeruginosa also has the FeoB transporter for Fe(2+) acquisition. To assess the roles of individual iron uptake systems in P. aeruginosa lung infection, single and double deletion mutants were generated in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and characterized in vitro, using iron-poor media and human serum, and in vivo, using a mouse model of lung infection. The iron uptake-null mutant (tonB1 feoB) and the Fe(3+) transport mutant (tonB1) did not grow aerobically under low-iron conditions and were avirulent in the mouse model. Conversely, the wild type and the feoB, hasR phuR (heme uptake), and pchD (pyochelin) mutants grew in vitro and caused 60 to 90% mortality in mice. The pyoverdine mutant (pvdA) and the siderophore-null mutant (pvdA pchD) grew aerobically in iron-poor media but not in human serum, and they caused low mortality in mice (10 to 20%). To differentiate the roles of pyoverdine in iron uptake and virulence regulation, a pvdA fpvR double mutant defective in pyoverdine production but expressing wild-type levels of pyoverdine-regulated virulence factors was generated. Deletion of fpvR in the pvdA background partially restored the lethal phenotype, indicating that pyoverdine contributes to the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa lung infection by combining iron transport and virulence-inducing capabilities.
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Improvement of in vivo antimicrobial activity of HBcARD peptides by D-arginine replacement. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9125-9132. [PMID: 27241023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel antimicrobial peptide with a broad spectrum bactericidal activity from human hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) arginine-rich domain (ARD). We compared the antimicrobial activities of HBcARD peptides from different hepadnaviruses which share similar amino acid sequences. In general, mammalian HBcARD peptides exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than avian peptides. Using the strategy of D-amino acid substitutions, we improved the antimicrobial efficacy of human HBcARD peptide. This D-HBcARD peptide was much more resistant than L-HBcARD peptide to proteolytic degradation in vitro. Moreover, this D-HBcARD peptide maintained similar minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) against tested bacteria, and showed very low hemolytic activity. In the Staphylococcus aureus-infected mouse model, this D-HBcARD peptide was more protective than the L-HBcARD peptide. Repeated treatments with either L- or D-HBcARD peptides induced no significant immunogenicity. New derivatives of HBcARD peptides could serve as alternatives to the conventional antibiotics in clinical medicine in the future.
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Luciardi MC, Pérez Hernández MV, Muruaga N, Bardón A, Arena ME, Cartagena E. Volatiles from Subtropical Convolvulaceae That Interfere with Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Communication as Potential Antipathogenic Drugs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:7890260. [PMID: 27313653 PMCID: PMC4893445 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7890260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing chronic bacterial infections create an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents or strategies for their control. Targeting virulence is one of the alternative approaches to find new medicines to treat persistent infections due to bacteria with biofilm-phenotype which are more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts having an extreme capacity for evading the host defences. A bioguided study of sixteen extracts from flowers and leaves of four subtropical Convolvulaceae species provided evidence of the occurrence of antipathogenic natural products active against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Particularly, volatile metabolites from Merremia dissecta creeper, a food and medicinal plant, were able to interfere with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing system by a strong decrease of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) biosynthesis (63-75%), which attenuated the virulence factor expression like biofilm (55%) and elastase activity (up to 27%), key factors that enable the colonization and dissemination of the infection in the host. Control of the P. aeruginosa biofilm and the QS process by phytochemicals, such as (+) spathulenol, isolated from a bioactive extract of M. dissecta leaves would be a good strategy for the development of new and effective antipathogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Luciardi
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María V. Pérez Hernández
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nora Muruaga
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alicia Bardón
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
- INQUINOA-CONICET, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario E. Arena
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
- INQUINOA-CONICET, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Elena Cartagena
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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Luciardi MC, Blázquez MA, Cartagena E, Bardón A, Arena ME. Mandarin essential oils inhibit quorum sensing and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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D'Orazio M, Mastropasqua MC, Cerasi M, Pacello F, Consalvo A, Chirullo B, Mortensen B, Skaar EP, Ciavardelli D, Pasquali P, Battistoni A. The capability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to recruit zinc under conditions of limited metal availability is affected by inactivation of the ZnuABC transporter. Metallomics 2016; 7:1023-35. [PMID: 25751674 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a large number of bacterial pathogens to multiply in the infected host and cause disease is dependent on their ability to express high affinity zinc importers. In many bacteria, ZnuABC, a transporter of the ABC family, plays a central role in the process of zinc uptake in zinc poor environments, including the tissues of the infected host. To initiate an investigation into the relevance of the zinc uptake apparatus for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity, we have generated a znuA mutant in the PA14 strain. We have found that this mutant strain displays a limited growth defect in zinc depleted media. The znuA mutant strain is more sensitive than the wild type strain to calprotectin-mediated growth inhibition, but both the strains are highly resistant to this zinc sequestering antimicrobial protein. Moreover, intracellular zinc content is not evidently affected by inactivation of the ZnuABC transporter. These findings suggest that P. aeruginosa is equipped with redundant mechanisms for the acquisition of zinc that might favor P. aeruginosa colonization of environments containing low levels of this metal. Nonetheless, deletion of znuA affects alginate production, reduces the activity of extracellular zinc-containing proteases, including LasA, LasB and protease IV, and decreases the ability of P. aeruginosa to disseminate during systemic infections. These results indicate that efficient zinc acquisition is critical for the expression of various virulence features typical of P. aeruginosa and that ZnuABC also plays an important role in zinc homeostasis in this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania D'Orazio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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Aybey A, Demirkan E. Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human serum paraoxonase. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:105-113. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Aybey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Elif Demirkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
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Kida Y, Taira J, Kuwano K. EprS, an autotransporter serine protease, plays an important role in various pathogenic phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 162:318-329. [PMID: 26678838 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses an arsenal of both cell-associated (flagella, pili, alginate, etc.) and extracellular (exotoxin A, proteases, type III secretion effectors, etc.) virulence factors. Among them, secreted proteases that damage host tissues are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections. We previously reported that EprS, an autotransporter protease of P. aeruginosa, induces host inflammatory responses through protease-activated receptors. However, little is known about the role of EprS as a virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. In this study, to investigate whether EprS participates in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, we characterized various pathogenic phenotypes of the wild-type PAO1 strain and its eprS-disrupted mutant. The growth assays demonstrated that the growth of the eprS mutant was somewhat lower than that of the wild-type strain in a minimal medium containing BSA as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. Thus, these results indicate that eprS would have a role in the growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of limited nutrients, such as a medium containing proteinaceous materials as a sole nutrient source. Furthermore, disruption of eprS resulted in a decreased production of elastase, pigments, autoinducers and surfactants, and a reduction of swimming and swarming motilities. In addition, the eprS mutant exhibited a reduction in the ability to associate with A549 cells and an attenuation of virulence in leucopenic mice as compared with the wild-type strain. Collectively, these results suggest that EprS exerts pleiotropic effects on various pathogenic phenotypes of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kida
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine,Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011,Japan
| | - J Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics,Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502,Japan
| | - K Kuwano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine,Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011,Japan
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Visaggio D, Pasqua M, Bonchi C, Kaever V, Visca P, Imperi F. Cell aggregation promotes pyoverdine-dependent iron uptake and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:902. [PMID: 26379660 PMCID: PMC4552172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa the Gac signaling system and the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) participate in the control of the switch between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles, by regulating the production of the two exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl. The Gac and c-di-GMP regulatory networks also coordinately promote the production of the pyoverdine siderophore, and the extracellular polysaccharides Pel and Psl have recently been found to mediate c-di-GMP-dependent regulation of pyoverdine genes. Here we demonstrate that Pel and Psl are also essential for Gac–mediated activation of pyoverdine production. A pel psl double mutant produces very low levels of pyoverdine and shows a marked reduction in the expression of the pyoverdine-dependent virulence factors exotoxin A and PrpL protease. While the exopolysaccharide-proficient parent strain forms multicellular planktonic aggregates in liquid cultures, the Pel and Psl-deficient mutant mainly grows as dispersed cells. Notably, artificially induced cell aggregation is able to restore pyoverdine-dependent gene expression in the pel psl mutant, in a way that appears to be independent of iron diffusion or siderophore signaling, as well as of recently described contact-dependent mechanosensitive systems. This study demonstrates that cell aggregation represents an important cue triggering the expression of pyoverdine-related genes in P. aeruginosa, suggesting a novel link between virulence gene expression, cell–cell interaction and the multicellular community lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Department of Sciences, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pasqua
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Bonchi
- Department of Sciences, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre Rome, Italy
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Sciences, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
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Evidence for Autoinduction and Quorum Sensing in White Band Disease-Causing Microbes on Acropora cervicornis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11134. [PMID: 26047488 PMCID: PMC4457150 DOI: 10.1038/srep11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs have entered a state of global decline party due to an increasing incidence of coral disease. However, the diversity and complexity of coral-associated bacterial communities has made identifying the mechanisms underlying disease transmission and progression extremely difficult. This study explores the effects of coral cell-free culture fluid (CFCF) and autoinducer (a quorum sensing signaling molecule) on coral-associated bacterial growth and on coral tissue loss respectively. All experiments were conducted using the endangered Caribbean coral Acropora cervicornis. Coral-associated microbes were grown on selective media infused with CFCF derived from healthy and white band disease-infected A. cervicornis. Exposure to diseased CFCF increased proliferation of Cytophaga-Flavobacterium spp. while exposure to healthy CFCF inhibited growth of this group. Exposure to either CFCF did not significantly affect Vibrio spp. growth. In order to test whether disease symptoms can be induced in healthy corals, A. cervicornis was exposed to bacterial assemblages supplemented with exogenous, purified autoinducer. Incubation with autoinducer resulted in complete tissue loss in all corals tested in less than one week. These findings indicate that white band disease in A. cervicornis may be caused by opportunistic pathogenesis of resident microbes.
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Gilabert M, Marcinkevicius K, Andujar S, Schiavone M, Arena ME, Bardón A. Sesqui- and triterpenoids from the liverwort Lepidozia chordulifera inhibitors of bacterial biofilm and elastase activity of human pathogenic bacteria. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:77-85. [PMID: 25636875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five dammarane-type triterpenoids, five pentacyclic triterpenoids (three of them carrying a carboxylic acid group), and two aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from an Argentinian collection of the liverwort Lepidozia chordulifera. Compounds were characterized by comparison of their spectral data with those previously reported and tested in their ability to control bacterial growth, biofilm formation, bacterial Quorum Sensing process (QS), and elastase activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as bacterial growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. The key role played by biofilm and elastase activity in bacterial virulence make them a potential target for the development of antibacterial agents. The aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoid viridiflorol was the most potent biofilm formation inhibitor, producing 60% inhibition in P. aeruginosa and 40% in S. aureus at 50µg/ml. Ursolic and betulinic acids (two of the pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated) were able to reduce 96 and 92% the elastase activity of P. aeruginosa at 50µg/ml, respectively. Among the analyzed triterpenoids, those that carry a dammarane skeleton were the most potent inhibitors of the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and were active against both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Subsequently, a computer-assisted study of the triterpenoid compounds was carried out for a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilabert
- INQUINOA-CONICET, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina.
| | | | - S Andujar
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luís (UNSL), Ejército de Los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - M Schiavone
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - M E Arena
- INQUINOA-CONICET, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - A Bardón
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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42
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Mep72, a metzincin protease that is preferentially secreted by biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2014; 197:762-73. [PMID: 25488299 PMCID: PMC4334185 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02404-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we compared the profile of proteins secreted by planktonic and biofilm cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DiGE). This revealed that a novel metzincin protease, Mep72, was secreted during biofilm growth. Subsequent Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that Mep72 was expressed only during biofilm growth. Mep72 has a tridomain structure comprised of a metzincin protease-like domain and two tandem carbohydrate-binding domains. Unlike the only other metzincin (alkaline protease; AprA) in P. aeruginosa, Mep72 is secreted through the type II pathway and undergoes processing during export. During this processing, the metzincin domain is liberated from the carbohydrate-binding domains. This processing may be self-catalyzed, since purified Mep72 autodegraded in vitro. This autodegradation was retarded in the presence of alginate (an extracellular matrix component of many P. aeruginosa biofilms). The expression of full-length mep72 in Escherichia coli was toxic. However, this toxicity could be alleviated by coexpression of mep72 with the adjacent gene, bamI. Mep72 and BamI were found to form a protein-protein complex in vitro. 2D-DiGE revealed that the electrophoretic mobility of several discrete protein spots was altered in the biofilm secretome of an mep72 mutant, including type III secretion proteins (PopD, PcrV, and ExoS) and a flagellum-associated protein (FliD). Mep72 was found to bind directly to ExoS and PcrV and to affect the processing of these proteins in the biofilm secretome. We conclude that Mep72 is a secreted biofilm-specific regulator that affects the processing of a very specific subset of virulence factors.
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43
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Simard M, Hill LA, Underhill CM, Keller BO, Villanueva I, Hancock REW, Hammond GL. Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase disrupts the cortisol-binding activity of corticosteroid-binding globulin. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2900-8. [PMID: 24848868 PMCID: PMC4098004 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) family member corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is the main carrier of glucocorticoids in plasma. Human CBG mediates the targeted release of cortisol at sites of inflammation through cleavage of its reactive center loop (RCL) by neutrophil elastase. The RCLs of SERPIN family members are targeted by diverse endogenous and exogenous proteases, including several bacterial proteases. We tested different bacteria for their ability to secrete proteases that disrupt CBG cortisol-binding activity, and characterized the responsible protease and site of CBG cleavage. Serum CBG integrity was assessed by Western blotting and cortisol-binding capacity assay. Effects of time, pH, temperature, and protease inhibitors were tested. Proteolytically active proteins from bacterial media were purified by fast protein liquid chromatography, and the active protease and CBG cleavage sites were identified by mass spectrometry. Among the bacteria tested, medium from Pseudomonas aeruginosa actively disrupted the cortisol-binding activity of CBG. This proteolytic activity was inhibited by zinc chelators and occurred most efficiently at pH 7 and elevated physiological temperature (ie, 41°C). Mass spectrometric analysis of a semi-purified fraction of P. aeruginosa media identified the virulence factor LasB as the responsible protease, and this was confirmed by assaying media from LasB-deficient P. aeruginosa. This metalloprotease cleaves the CBG RCL at a major site, distinct from that targeted by neutrophil elastase. Our results suggest that humoral responses to P. aeruginosa infection are influenced by this pathogen's ability to secrete a protease that promotes the release of the anti-inflammatory steroid, cortisol, from its plasma transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Simard
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences (M.S., L.A.H., C.M.U., G.L.H.), University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (B.O.K.), University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (I.V.), University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.E.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Jeong SJ, Yoon SS, Bae IK, Jeong SH, Kim JM, Lee K. Risk factors for mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: clinical impact of bacterial virulence and strains on outcome. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 80:130-5. [PMID: 25112900 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) bacteremia has increased in recent years, and infections caused by CRPA result in higher mortality than those caused by susceptible strains. This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for mortality and to study the impact of virulence factors and bacterial strains on clinical outcomes in patients with CRPA bacteremia. Data on 63 episodes of CRPA bacteremia that have occurred between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009, in a teaching hospital (2000 beds) in Seoul, Korea, were analyzed. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score at the time of CRPA bacteremia and the capacity of CRPA to form biofilm were independent predictive factors for mortality in patients with CRPA bacteremia. In addition, the biofilm-forming ability and elastase activity of strains were correlated with APACHE II scores to measure the severity of disease and estimate predicted mortality in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Kwon Bae
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - June Myung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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45
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Jeukens J, Boyle B, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Ouellet MM, Aaron SD, Charette SJ, Fothergill JL, Tucker NP, Winstanley C, Levesque RC. Comparative genomics of isolates of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic strain associated with chronic lung infections of cystic fibrosis patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87611. [PMID: 24505294 PMCID: PMC3914812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of fatal chronic lung infections among individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). During the past 15 years, particularly aggressive strains transmitted among CF patients have been identified, initially in Europe and more recently in Canada. The aim of this study was to generate high-quality genome sequences for 7 isolates of the Liverpool epidemic strain (LES) from the United Kingdom and Canada representing different virulence characteristics in order to: (1) associate comparative genomics results with virulence factor variability and (2) identify genomic and/or phenotypic divergence between the two geographical locations. We performed phenotypic characterization of pyoverdine, pyocyanin, motility, biofilm formation, and proteolytic activity. We also assessed the degree of virulence using the Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba model. Comparative genomics analysis revealed at least one large deletion (40-50 kb) in 6 out of the 7 isolates compared to the reference genome of LESB58. These deletions correspond to prophages, which are known to increase the competitiveness of LESB58 in chronic lung infection. We also identified 308 non-synonymous polymorphisms, of which 28 were associated with virulence determinants and 52 with regulatory proteins. At the phenotypic level, isolates showed extensive variability in production of pyocyanin, pyoverdine, proteases and biofilm as well as in swimming motility, while being predominantly avirulent in the amoeba model. Isolates from the two continents were phylogenetically and phenotypically undistinguishable. Most regulatory mutations were isolate-specific and 29% of them were predicted to have high functional impact. Therefore, polymorphism in regulatory genes is likely to be an important basis for phenotypic diversity among LES isolates, which in turn might contribute to this strain's adaptability to varying conditions in the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jeukens
- Institute for integrative and systems biology (IBIS), University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian Boyle
- Institute for integrative and systems biology (IBIS), University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj
- Institute for integrative and systems biology (IBIS), University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam M. Ouellet
- Institute for integrative and systems biology (IBIS), University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shawn D. Aaron
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve J. Charette
- Institute for integrative and systems biology (IBIS), University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joanne L. Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Tucker
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Winstanley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roger C. Levesque
- Institute for integrative and systems biology (IBIS), University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Carmona G, Rodriguez A, Juarez D, Corzo G, Villegas E. Improved protease stability of the antimicrobial peptide Pin2 substituted with D-amino acids. Protein J 2014; 32:456-66. [PMID: 23925670 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted a great interest as novel class of antibiotics that might help in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. However, some AMPs with high antimicrobial activities are also highly hemolytic and subject to proteolytic degradation from human and bacterial proteases that limit their pharmaceutical uses. In this work a D-diastereomer of Pandinin 2, D-Pin2, was constructed to observe if it maintained antimicrobial activity in the same range as the parental one, but with the purpose of reducing its hemolytic activity to human erythrocytes and improving its ability to resist proteolytic cleavage. Although, the hydrophobic and secondary structure characteristics of L- and D-Pin2 were to some extent similar, an important reduction in D-Pin2 hemolytic activity (30-40 %) was achieved compared to that of L-Pin2 over human erythrocytes. Furthermore, D-Pin2 had an antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 12.5 μM towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar diffusion assays, but it was half less potent than that of L-Pin2. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial activity of D-Pin2 was equally effective as that of L-Pin2 in microdilution assays. Yet, when D- and L-Pin2 were incubated with trypsin, elastase and whole human serum, only D-Pin2 kept its antimicrobial activity towards all bacteria, but in diluted human serum, L- and D-Pin2 maintained similar peptide stability. Finally, when L- and D-Pin2 were incubated with proteases from P. aeruginosa DFU3 culture, a clinical isolated strain, D-Pin2 kept its antibiotic activity while L-Pin2 was not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carmona
- Laboratorio de Estructura-Funcion e Ingenieria de Proteinas, Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 2001, 62609, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes into its environment at least seven extracellular proteases: pseudolysin (LasB protease; elastase), aeruginolysin (alkaline proteinase), staphylolysin (staphylolytic endopeptidase; LasA protease), lysyl endopeptidase (protease IV; PrpL), PASP (P. aeruginosa small protease), LepA (Large ExoProtease A), and an aminopeptidase. Their action on host proteins, both individually and synergistically, plays important roles in pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections. Methods to measure/detect their activities are fundamental for understanding their physiological functions, roles in pathogenesis, mechanisms of action, regulation, and secretion. Most assays for determination/detection of proteolytic activity employ modified/non-modified casein or gelatin as substrates. In the quantitative assay, fragments generated from azocasein are separated from undigested substrate by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and their absorbance is measured. In non-quantitative assays, proteolytic activity is detected as clearing zones around bacterial growth or samples of culture supernatants on casein containing solid media formed due to local casein degradation. In zymography, individual proteases are detected as clear bands in gelatin/casein containing gels after SDS-PAGE separation, renaturation and protein staining. The elastinolytic capacity of P. aeruginosa is reflected by clearing zones on nutrient agar plates containing insoluble elastin instead of casein. Mueller-Hinton agar plates on which S. aureus cells are grown as a lawn are used to assess the susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to staphylolysin. A clear zone around a staphylolysin-containing sample indicates inhibition of S. aureus growth. Methods for measuring the activity of individual proteases are based on their cleavage specificity. These include assays of elastinolytic activity of pseudolysin and/or staphylolysin using elastin-Congo red as a substrate, a method for determination of staphylolytic activity in which the rate of S. aureus cell lysis is determined spectrophotometrically, and methods for determination of peptidase activity of pseudolysin, staphylolysin, lysyl endopeptidase, and the aminopeptidase. The latter methods employ chromogenic or fluorogenic peptide derivatives comprising a short amino acid sequence matching the preferred cleavage site of the protease as substrates. As only one peptide bond is cleaved in each substrate, these assays permit kinetic studies.
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Andrejko M, Zdybicka-Barabas A, Cytryńska M. Diverse effects of Galleria mellonella infection with entomopathogenic and clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 115:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Beaufort N, Corvazier E, Mlanaoindrou S, de Bentzmann S, Pidard D. Disruption of the endothelial barrier by proteases from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implication of matrilysis and receptor cleavage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75708. [PMID: 24069438 PMCID: PMC3777978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the vasculature, uncontrolled pericellular proteolysis can lead to disruption of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and subsequent detachment-induced cell apoptosis, or anoikis, contributing to inflammatory vascular diseases, with the endothelium as the major target. Most studies so far have focused on endogenous proteinases. However, during bloodstream infections, bacterial proteinases may also trigger endothelial anoikis. We thus investigated the potential apoptotic activity of the proteinases secreted by the haematotropic opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and particularly its predominant metalloproteinase, LasB. For this, we used the secretome of the LasB-expressing pseudomonal strain, PAO1, and compared it with that from the isogenic, LasB-deficient strain (PAO1∆lasB), as well as with purified LasB. Secretomes were tested for apoptotic activity on cultured human endothelial cells derived from the umbilical vein or from the cerebral microvasculature. We found that the PAO1 secretome readily induced endothelial cell anoikis, as did secretomes of LasB-positive clinical pseudomonal isolates, while the PAO1∆lasB secretome had only a limited impact on endothelial adherence and viability. Notably, purified LasB reproduced most of the effects of the LasB-containing secretomes, and these were drastically reduced in the presence of the LasB-selective inhibitor, phosphoramidon. A precocious and extensive LasB-dependent degradation of several proteins associated with the endothelial extracellular matrix, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor, was observed by immunofluorescence and/or immunoblotting analysis of cell cultures. Moreover, the PAO1 secretome, but not that from PAO1∆lasB, specifically induced rapid endoproteolysis of two major interendothelial junction components, VE-cadherin and occludin, as well as of the anti-anoikis, integrin-associated urokinase receptor, uPAR. Taken as a prototype for exogenous haemorrhagic proteinases, pseudomonal LasB thus appears to induce endothelial anoikis not only via matrilysis, as observed for many pro-apoptotic proteinases, but also via cleavage of some essential cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion receptors implicated in the maintenance of the endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Beaufort
- Inserm, U698, Paris, France
- Université Denis Diderot, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Corvazier
- Inserm, U698, Paris, France
- Université Denis Diderot, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Saouda Mlanaoindrou
- Inserm, U698, Paris, France
- Université Denis Diderot, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Sophie de Bentzmann
- CNRS, UMR 7255-LISM, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Pidard
- Inserm, U698, Paris, France
- Université Denis Diderot, UMR-S698, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Andrejko M, Zdybicka-Barabas A, Wawrzoszek M, Cytryńska M. Diverse susceptibility of Galleria mellonella humoral immune response factors to the exoproteinase activity of entomopathogenic and clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zoolog Sci 2013; 30:345-51. [PMID: 23646938 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of extracellular proteinases of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates on the essential humoral immune response parameters in hemolymph of the insect model organism Galleria mellonella in vitro. Two culture media, rich LB and minimal M9, known to induce synthesis of different sets of proteinases secreted by P. aeruginosa were used. Changes in lysozyme, antibacterial and antifungal activities, as well as protein and peptide patterns in hemolymph treated with proteolytic fractions were evaluated. The effect of the proteolytic fractions on the apoLp-III level in hemolymph was determined by immunoblotting with antibodies against G. mellonella apolipophorin III (apoLp-III). We found that apoLp-III is hardly degraded by the proteinases of the proteolytic fractions of both clinical P. aeruginosa strains, in contrast to the high susceptibility of the protein to the proteinases of the entomopathogenic strain. The detected differences, together with the changes in the hemolymph protein and peptide patterns caused by the studied fractions, reflected the distinct composition of secreted proteinases of the entomopathogenic P. aeruginosa strain and the clinical strains tested. Our results also suggest the involvement of alkaline protease, the main proteinase of proteolytic fractions of P. aeruginosa grown in minimal medium, in the degradation of G. mellonella antimicrobial factors, such as lysozyme, antibacterial polypeptides, and proteins with antifungal activity. The diverse effects of the P. aeruginosa proteolytic fractions studied on the parameters of G. mellonella immune response indicate that this model insect may be useful in the analysis of the virulence factors of different P. aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Andrejko
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., Lublin 20-033, Poland.
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