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Jiang H, Liu M, Qin Y, Zhang H. miR-9 promotes canine endothelial-like cell migration by targeting COL15A1. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1339. [PMID: 38109263 PMCID: PMC10766037 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell migration is the initial stage of angiogenesis. In previous studies, miR-9 has been found to regulate angiogenesis and cell migration in human medicine. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal the regulatory effect of miR-9 on canine endothelial cell migration. METHODS Embryonic canine ventricle myocardium tissues were collected and induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells (ELCs). A transwell and invasion assay were used to evaluate the impact of miR-9 on the migration capacity of ELCs, after which a luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism. RESULTS Our results showed that we successfully induced the primary cells derived from canine cardiac embryo tissues into ELCs. MiR-9 also promoted the migration and invasion of canine ELCs, and inhibited the expression of collagen XV, an angiogenic inhibitor, at the translational level by targeting the 3' untranslated region of COL15A1 gene. Furthermore, RNA sequencing showed that overexpression of miR-9 impacted several signalling pathways and eight genes involved in angiogenesis and cell migration in canine ELCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-9 enhances the migration of canine ELCs and may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for canine diseases involved in endothelial cells migration and angiogenesis, but more further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan UniversityHainanPR China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan UniversityHainanPR China
- One Health InstituteHainan UniversityHainanPR China
| | - Yao Qin
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan UniversityHainanPR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan UniversityHainanPR China
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2
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Eckersley A, Yamamura T, Lennon R. Matrikines in kidney ageing and age-related disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:551-558. [PMID: 37584348 PMCID: PMC10552846 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Matrikines are cell-signalling extracellular matrix fragments and they have attracted recent attention from basic and translational scientists, due to their diverse roles in age-related disease and their potential as therapeutic agents. In kidney, the matrix undergoes remodelling by proteolytic fragmentation, so matrikines are likely to play a substantial, yet understudied, role in ageing and pathogenesis of age-related diseases. RECENT FINDINGS This review presents an up-to-date description of known matrikines with either a confirmed or highly anticipated role in kidney ageing and disease, including their point of origin, mechanism of cleavage, a summary of known biological actions and the current knowledge which links them to kidney health. We also highlight areas of interest, such as the prospect of matrikine cross-tissue communication, and gaps in knowledge, such as the unexplored signalling potential of many kidney disease-specific matrix fragments. SUMMARY We anticipate that knowledge of specific matrikines, and their roles in controlling processes of kidney pathology, could be leveraged for the development of exciting new future therapies through inhibition or even with their supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Science
| | - Tomohiko Yamamura
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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3
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McCabe MC, Okamura DM, Erickson CB, Perry BW, Brewer CM, Nguyen ED, Saviola AJ, Majesky MW, Hansen KC. ECM-Focused Proteomic Analysis of Ear Punch Regeneration in Acomys Cahirinus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561940. [PMID: 37873317 PMCID: PMC10592745 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, significant injury is generally followed by the formation of a fibrotic scar which provides structural integrity but fails to functionally restore damaged tissue. Spiny mice of the genus Acomys represent the first example of full skin autotomy in mammals. Acomys cahirinus has evolved extremely weak skin as a strategy to avoid predation and is able to repeatedly regenerate healthy tissue without scar after severe skin injury or full-thickness ear punches. Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition is a critical regulator of wound repair and scar formation and previous studies have suggested that alterations in its expression may be responsible for the differences in regenerative capacity observed between Mus musculus and A. cahirinus , yet analysis of this critical tissue component has been limited in previous studies by its insolubility and resistance to extraction. Here, we utilize a 2-step ECM-optimized extraction to perform proteomic analysis of tissue composition during wound repair after full-thickness ear punches in A. cahirinus and M. musculus from weeks 1 to 4 post-injury. We observe changes in a wide range of ECM proteins which have been previously implicated in wound regeneration and scar formation, including collagens, coagulation and provisional matrix proteins, and matricryptic signaling peptides. We additionally report differences in crosslinking enzyme activity and ECM protein solubility between Mus and Acomys. Furthermore, we observed rapid and sustained increases in CD206, a marker of pro-regenerative M2 macrophages, in Acomys, whereas little or no increase in CD206 was detected in Mus. Together, these findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of tissue cues which drive the regenerative capacity of Acomys and identify a number of potential targets for future pro-regenerative therapies.
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Yang Y, Zhong J, Cui D, Jensen LD. Up-to-date molecular medicine strategies for management of ocular surface neovascularization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115084. [PMID: 37689278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface neovascularization and its resulting pathological changes significantly alter corneal refraction and obstruct the light path to the retina, and hence is a major cause of vision loss. Various factors such as infection, irritation, trauma, dry eye, and ocular surface surgery trigger neovascularization via angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis dependent on VEGF-related and alternative mechanisms. Recent advances in antiangiogenic drugs, nanotechnology, gene therapy, surgical equipment and techniques, animal models, and drug delivery strategies have provided a range of novel therapeutic options for the treatment of ocular surface neovascularization. In this review article, we comprehensively discuss the etiology and mechanisms of corneal neovascularization and other types of ocular surface neovascularization, as well as emerging animal models and drug delivery strategies that facilitate its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junmu Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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5
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Shi L, Song H, Zhou B, Morrow BE. Crk/Crkl regulates early angiogenesis in mouse embryos by accelerating endothelial cell maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548782. [PMID: 37503032 PMCID: PMC10369973 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic adaptors CRK and CRKL mediate multiple signaling pathways in mammalian embryogenesis. They are also associated with cardiovascular defects occurring in Miller-Dieker syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, respectively. The embryonic mesoderm contributes to the formation of the cardiovascular system, yet the roles that Crk and Crkl play there are not understood on a single cell level. Objectives To determine functions of Crk and Crkl in the embryonic mesoderm during early mouse vascular development. Secondly, we will examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for early embryonic endothelial cell (EC) defects by performing single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and in vivo validation experiments. Methods and Results Inactivation of both Crk and Crkl together using Mesp1 Cre resulted embryonic lethality with severe vascular defects. Although vasculogenesis appeared normal, angiogenesis was disrupted both in the yolk sac and embryo proper, leading to disorganized vascular networks. We performed scRNA-seq of the Mesp1 Cre mesodermal lineage and found that there was upregulation of a great number of angiogenesis and cell migration related genes in ECs in the mutants, including NOTCH signaling genes such as Dll4 and Hey1 . Further bioinformatic analysis of EC subpopulations identified a relative increase in the number of more differentiated angiogenic ECs and decrease in EC progenitors. Consistent with this, we identified an expansion of Dll4 expressing cells within abnormal arteries, in vivo . Also, our bioinformatic data indicates that there is dysregulated expression of lineage genes that promote EC differentiation causing accelerated cell fate progression during EC differentiation. Conclusions Our results show that Crk and Crkl are crucial for regulating early embryonic angiogenesis. Combined inactivation of Crk/Crkl caused precocious EC maturation with an increase of atypical differentiated angiogenic ECs and failed vascular remodeling. This is in part due to increased NOTCH signaling and altered expression of cell migration genes.
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Itoh Y. Proteolytic modulation of tumor microenvironment signals during cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935231. [PMID: 36132127 PMCID: PMC9483212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the cellular microenvironment is optimized for the proper functioning of the tissues and organs. Cells recognize and communicate with the surrounding cells and extracellular matrix to maintain homeostasis. When cancer arises, the cellular microenvironment is modified to optimize its malignant growth, evading the host immune system and finding ways to invade and metastasize to other organs. One means is a proteolytic modification of the microenvironment and the signaling molecules. It is now well accepted that cancer progression relies on not only the performance of cancer cells but also the surrounding microenvironment. This mini-review discusses the current understanding of the proteolytic modification of the microenvironment signals during cancer progression.
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Pach E, Kümper M, Fromme JE, Zamek J, Metzen F, Koch M, Mauch C, Zigrino P. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling by Fibroblast-MMP14 Regulates Melanoma Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12276. [PMID: 34830157 PMCID: PMC8625044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a balanced state in remodeling the extracellular matrix is crucial for tissue homeostasis, and this process is altered during skin cancer progression. In melanoma, several proteolytic enzymes are expressed in a time and compartmentalized manner to support tumor progression by generating a permissive environment. One of these proteases is the matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). We could previously show that deletion of MMP14 in dermal fibroblasts results in the generation of a fibrotic-like skin in which melanoma growth is impaired. That was primarily due to collagen I accumulation due to lack of the collagenolytic activity of MMP14. However, as well as collagen I processing, MMP14 can also process several extracellular matrices. We investigated extracellular matrix alterations occurring in the MMP14-deleted fibroblasts that can contribute to the modulation of melanoma growth. The matrix deposited by cultured MMP14-deleted fibroblast displayed an antiproliferative and anti-migratory effect on melanoma cells in vitro. Analysis of the secreted and deposited-decellularized fibroblast's matrix identified a few altered proteins, among which the most significantly changed was collagen XIV. This collagen was increased because of post-translational events, while de novo synthesis was unchanged. Collagen XIV as a substrate was not pro-proliferative, pro-migratory, or adhesive, suggesting a negative regulatory role on melanoma cells. Consistent with that, increasing collagen XIV concentration in wild-type fibroblast-matrix led to reduced melanoma proliferation, migration, and adhesion. In support of its anti-tumor activity, enhanced accumulation of collagen XIV was detected in peritumoral areas of melanoma grown in mice with the fibroblast's deletion of MMP14. In advanced human melanoma samples, we detected reduced expression of collagen XIV compared to benign nevi, which showed a robust expression of this molecule around melanocytic nests. This study shows that loss of fibroblast-MMP14 affects melanoma growth through altering the peritumoral extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, with collagen XIV being a modulator of melanoma progression and a new proteolytic substrate to MMP14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Pach
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (J.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Maike Kümper
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (J.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Julia E. Fromme
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (J.Z.); (C.M.)
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Zamek
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (J.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabian Metzen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology and Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Manuel Koch
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology and Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (J.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (E.P.); (M.K.); (J.E.F.); (J.Z.); (C.M.)
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8
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Martínez-Nieto G, Heljasvaara R, Heikkinen A, Kaski HK, Devarajan R, Rinne O, Henriksson C, Thomson E, von Hertzen C, Miinalainen I, Ruotsalainen H, Pihlajaniemi T, Karppinen SM. Deletion of Col15a1 Modulates the Tumour Extracellular Matrix and Leads to Increased Tumour Growth in the MMTV-PyMT Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9978. [PMID: 34576139 PMCID: PMC8467152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) zone-associated collagen XV (ColXV) has been shown to suppress the malignancy of tumour cells, and its restin domain can inhibit angiogenesis. In human breast cancer, as well as in many other human carcinomas, ColXV is lost from the epithelial BM zone prior to tumour invasion. Here, we addressed the roles of ColXV in breast carcinogenesis using the transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse mammary carcinoma model. We show here for the first time that the inactivation of Col15a1 in mice leads to changes in the fibrillar tumour matrix and to increased mammary tumour growth. ColXV is expressed by myoepithelial and endothelial cells in mammary tumours and is lost from the ductal BM along with the loss of the myoepithelial layer during cancer progression while persisting in blood vessels and capillaries, even in invasive tumours. However, despite the absence of anti-angiogenic restin domain, neovascularisation was reduced rather than increased in the ColXV-deficient mammary tumours compared to controls. We also show that, in robust tumour cell transplantation models or in a chemical-induced fibrosarcoma model, the inactivation of Col15a1 does not affect tumour growth or angiogenesis. In conclusion, our results support the proposed tumour suppressor function of ColXV in mammary carcinogenesis and reveal diverse roles of this collagen in different cancer types.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Collagen/deficiency
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/ultrastructure
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/physiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Stromal Cells/ultrastructure
- Survival Analysis
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martínez-Nieto
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Hanne-Kaisa Kaski
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Raman Devarajan
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Otto Rinne
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Charlotta Henriksson
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Emmi Thomson
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Camilla von Hertzen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | | | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Sanna-Maria Karppinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
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9
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Onursal C, Dick E, Angelidis I, Schiller HB, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Collagen Biosynthesis, Processing, and Maturation in Lung Ageing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:593874. [PMID: 34095157 PMCID: PMC8172798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.593874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing a macromolecular scaffold, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of cell function by virtue of specific physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. Collagen is the main ECM component and hence plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lung disease. It is well-established that many chronic lung diseases, e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) primarily manifest in the elderly, suggesting increased susceptibility of the aged lung or accumulated alterations in lung structure over time that favour disease. Here, we review the main steps of collagen biosynthesis, processing, and turnover and summarise what is currently known about alterations upon lung ageing, including changes in collagen composition, modification, and crosslinking. Recent proteomic data on mouse lung ageing indicates that, while the ER-resident machinery of collagen biosynthesis, modification and triple helix formation appears largely unchanged, there are specific changes in levels of type IV and type VI as well as the two fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACIT), namely type XIV and type XVI collagens. In addition, levels of the extracellular collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase are decreased, indicating less enzymatically mediated collagen crosslinking upon ageing. The latter contrasts with the ageing-associated increase in collagen crosslinking by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), a result of spontaneous reactions of protein amino groups with reactive carbonyls, e.g., from monosaccharides or reactive dicarbonyls like methylglyoxal. Given the slow turnover of extracellular collagen such modifications accumulate even more in ageing tissues. In summary, the collective evidence points mainly toward age-induced alterations in collagen composition and drastic changes in the molecular nature of collagen crosslinks. Future work addressing the consequences of these changes may provide important clues for prevention of lung disease and for lung bioengineering and ultimately pave the way to novel targeted approaches in lung regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Onursal
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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10
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Relapse of pathological angiogenesis: functional role of the basement membrane and potential treatment strategies. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:189-201. [PMID: 33589713 PMCID: PMC8080572 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Blinding eye diseases such as corneal neovascularization, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration are driven by pathological angiogenesis. In cancer, angiogenesis is key for tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic treatments applied clinically interfere with the VEGF signaling pathway-the main angiogenic pathway-to inhibit angiogenesis. These treatments are, however, only partially effective in regressing new pathologic vessels, and the disease relapses following cessation of treatment. Moreover, the relapse of pathological angiogenesis can be rapid, aggressive and more difficult to treat than angiogenesis in the initial phase. The manner in which relapse occurs is poorly understood; however, recent studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the revascularization process. Hypotheses have been generated to explain the rapid angiogenic relapse and increased resistance of relapsed disease to treatment. In this context, the present review summarizes knowledge of the various mechanisms of disease relapse gained from different experimental models of pathological angiogenesis. In addition, the basement membrane-a remnant of regressed vessels-is examined in detail to discuss its potential role in disease relapse. Finally, approaches for gaining a better understanding of the relapse process are discussed, including prospects for the management of relapse in the context of disease.
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11
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Martins Cavaco AC, Dâmaso S, Casimiro S, Costa L. Collagen biology making inroads into prognosis and treatment of cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:603-623. [PMID: 32447477 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression through dissemination to tumor-surrounding tissues and metastasis development is a hallmark of cancer that requires continuous cell-to-cell interactions and tissue remodeling. In fact, metastization can be regarded as a tissue disease orchestrated by cancer cells, leading to neoplastic colonization of new organs. Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and increasing evidence suggests that it has an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. Desmoplasia and collagen biomarkers have been associated with relapse and death in cancer patients. Despite the increasing interest in ECM and in the desmoplastic process in tumor microenvironment as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in cancer, further research is required for a better understanding of these aspects of cancer biology. In this review, published evidence correlating collagen with cancer prognosis is retrieved and analyzed, and the role of collagen and its fragments in cancer pathophysiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Martins Cavaco
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Dâmaso
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Luis Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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12
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Zakarya R, Chan YL, Rutting S, Reddy K, Bozier J, Woldhuis RR, Xenaki D, Van Ly D, Chen H, Brandsma CA, Adcock IM, Oliver BG. BET proteins are associated with the induction of small airway fibrosis in COPD. Thorax 2021; 76:647-655. [PMID: 33504568 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In COPD, small airway fibrosis occurs due to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in and around the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Studies of immune cells and peripheral lung tissue have shown that epigenetic changes occur in COPD but it is unknown whether airway mesenchymal cells are reprogrammed. OBJECTIVES Determine if COPD ASM cells have a unique epigenetic response to profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). METHODS Primary human ASM cells from COPD and non-COPD smoking patients were stimulated with TGF-β1. Gene array analysis performed to identify differences in ECM expression. Airway accumulation of collagen 15α1 and tenascin-C proteins was assessed. Aforementioned ASM cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 ± epigenetic inhibitors with qPCR quantification of COL15A1 and TNC. Global histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity were assessed. chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR for histone H3 and H4 acetylation at COL15A1 and TNC promoters was carried out. Effects of bromoterminal and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1(+) on expression and acetylation of ECM target genes were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS COPD ASM show significantly higher COL15A1 and TNC expression in vitro and the same trend for higher levels of collagen 15α1 and tenascin-c deposited in COPD airways in vivo. Epigenetic screening indicated differential response to HDAC inhibition. ChIP-qPCR revealed histone H4 acetylation at COL15A1 and TNC promoters in COPD ASM only. ChIP-qPCR found JQ1(+) pretreatment significantly abrogated TGF-β1 induced histone H4 acetylation at COL15A1 and TNC. CONCLUSIONS BET protein binding to acetylated histones is important in TGF-β1 induced expression of COL15A1 and TNC and maintenance of TGF-β1 induced histone H4 acetylation in cell progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Zakarya
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia .,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Rutting
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karosham Reddy
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jack Bozier
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy R Woldhuis
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Van Ly
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, Respiratory Cell & Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Chronic Liver Disease. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2021; 2:41-52. [PMID: 34337431 PMCID: PMC8300084 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-021-00030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the extracellular matrix remodeling during hepatic fibrosis. We discuss the diverse interactions of the extracellular matrix with hepatic cells and the surrounding matrix in liver fibrosis, with the focus on the molecular pathways and the mechanisms that regulate extracellular matrix remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS The extracellular matrix not only provides structure and support for the cells, but also controls cell behavior by providing adhesion signals and by acting as a reservoir of growth factors and cytokines. SUMMARY Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. During fibrogenesis, the natural remodeling process of the extracellular matrix varies, resulting in the excessive accumulation of its components, mainly collagens. Signals released by the extracellular matrix induce the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which are the major source of extracellular matrix and most abundant myofibroblasts in the liver. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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14
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Karsdal MA, Kraus VB, Shevell D, Bay-Jensen AC, Schattenberg J, Rambabu Surabattula R, Schuppan D. Profiling and targeting connective tissue remodeling in autoimmunity - A novel paradigm for diagnosing and treating chronic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102706. [PMID: 33188918 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue (ConT) remodeling is an essential process in tissue regeneration, where a balanced replacement of old tissue by new tissue occurs. This balance is disturbed in chronic diseases, often autoimmune diseases, usually resulting in the buld up of fibrosis and a gradual loss of organ function. During progression of liver, lung, skin, heart, joint, skeletal and kidney diseasesboth ConT formation and degradation are elevated, which is tightly linked to immune cell activation and a loss of specific cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that are required for normal organ function. Here, we address the balance of key general and organ specific components of the ECM during homeostasis and in disease, with a focus on collagens, which are emerging as both structural and signaling molecules harbouring neoepitopes and autoantigens that are released during ConT remodeling. Specific collagen molecular signatures of ConT remodeling are linked to disease activity and stage, and to prognosis across different organs. These signatures accompany and further drive disease progression, and often become detectable before clinical disease manifestation (illness). Recent advances allow to quantify and define the nature of ConT remodeling via blood-based assays that measure the levels of well-defined collagen fragments, reflecting different facets of ConT formation and degradation, and associated immunological processes. These novel serum assays are becoming important tools of precision medicine, to detect various chronic and autoimmune diseases before their clinical manifestation, and to non-invasively monitor the efficacy of a broad range of pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Asser Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Metabolic Liver Research Program, Denmark
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diane Shevell
- Clinical Biomarkers and Immunology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Westfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - R Rambabu Surabattula
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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16
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Villesen IF, Daniels SJ, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Nielsen MJ. Review article: the signalling and functional role of the extracellular matrix in the development of liver fibrosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:85-97. [PMID: 32419162 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with liver fibrosis show a large heterogeneity, and for that reason effective treatments are still lacking. Emerging data suggest that there is more to fibrosis than previously understood. Opposed to earlier belief of being a passive scaffold for cells to reside in, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is now known to hold both signalling and functional properties important for the development of fibrosis. The interaction between the ECM and the collagen-producing cells determines the course of the disease but is still poorly understood. Exploring the dynamics of this interplay will aid in the development of effective treatments. AIM To summarise and discuss the latest advances in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis as well as key mediators of early disease progression. METHODS Through literature search using databases including PubMed and Google Scholar, manuscripts published between 1961 and 2019 were included to assess both well-established and recent theories of fibrosis development. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies were included. RESULTS Fibrosis alters the structure of the ECM releasing signalling fragments with the potential to escalate disease severity. In a diseased liver, hepatic stellate cells and other fibroblasts, together with hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells, produce an excessive amount of collagens. The cell-to-collagen interactions are unique in the different liver aetiologies, generating ECM profiles with considerable patient-monitoring potential. CONCLUSIONS The local milieu in the injured area affects the course of fibrosis development in a site-specific manner. Future research should focus on the dissimilarities in the ECM profile between different aetiologies of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Falk Villesen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Han X, Caron JM, Brooks PC. Cryptic collagen elements as signaling hubs in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9005-9020. [PMID: 32400053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix is a well-established process associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor and stromal cells that compose the tumor mass function cooperatively to promote the malignant phenotype in part by physically interacting with intact and structurally altered matrix proteins. To this end, collagen represents the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix and is known to control the behavior of histologically distinct tumor types as well as a diversity of stromal cells. Although a significant molecular understanding has been established concerning how cellular interactions with intact collagen govern signaling pathways that control tumor progression, considerably less is known concerning how interactions with cryptic or hidden regions within remodeled collagen may selectively alter signaling cascades, or whether inhibition of these cryptic signaling pathways may represent clinically effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the emerging evidence concerning the possible mechanisms for the selective generation of cryptic or hidden elements within collagen and their potential cell surface receptors that may facilitate signal transduction. We discuss the concept that cellular communication links between cell surface receptors and these cryptic collagen elements may serve as functional signaling hubs that coordinate multiple signaling pathways operating within both tumor and stromal cells. Finally, we provide examples to help illustrate the possibility that direct targeting of these unique cryptic signaling hubs may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to control tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangHua Han
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Jennifer M Caron
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
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18
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Brassart-Pasco S, Brézillon S, Brassart B, Ramont L, Oudart JB, Monboisse JC. Tumor Microenvironment: Extracellular Matrix Alterations Influence Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:397. [PMID: 32351878 PMCID: PMC7174611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of various cell types embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM not only serves as a support for tumor cell but also regulates cell-cell or cell-matrix cross-talks. Alterations in ECM may be induced by hypoxia and acidosis, by oxygen free radicals generated by infiltrating inflammatory cells or by tumor- or stromal cell-secreted proteases. A poorer diagnosis for patients is often associated with ECM alterations. Tumor ECM proteome, also named cancer matrisome, is strongly altered, and different ECM protein signatures may be defined to serve as prognostic biomarkers. Collagen network reorganization facilitates tumor cell invasion. Proteoglycan expression and location are modified in the TME and affect cell invasion and metastatic dissemination. ECM macromolecule degradation by proteases may induce the release of angiogenic growth factors but also the release of proteoglycan-derived or ECM protein fragments, named matrikines or matricryptins. This review will focus on current knowledge and new insights in ECM alterations, degradation, and reticulation through cross-linking enzymes and on the role of ECM fragments in the control of cancer progression and their potential use as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Bertrand Brassart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean Claude Monboisse
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
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19
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Karsdal MA, Daniels SJ, Holm Nielsen S, Bager C, Rasmussen DGK, Loomba R, Surabattula R, Villesen IF, Luo Y, Shevell D, Gudmann NS, Nielsen MJ, George J, Christian R, Leeming DJ, Schuppan D. Collagen biology and non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2020; 40:736-750. [PMID: 31997561 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for high-quality liquid biomarkers that can safely and reproducibly predict the stage of fibrosis and the outcomes of chronic liver disease (CLD). The requirement for such markers has intensified because of the high global prevalence of diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In particular, there is a need for diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as predictive biomarkers that reflect the efficacy of interventions, as described by the BEST criteria (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools Resource). This review covers the various liver collagens, their functional role in tissue homeostasis and delineates the common nomenclature for biomarkers based on BEST criteria. It addresses the common confounders affecting serological biomarkers, and describes defined collagen epitope biomarkers that originate from the dynamic processes of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling during liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Samuel J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Cecilie Bager
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Epidemiology, NAFLD Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rambabu Surabattula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Epidemiology, NAFLD Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ida Falk Villesen
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Luo
- Innovative Medicine, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Diane Shevell
- Innovative Medicine, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Natasja S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mette J Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rose Christian
- Innovative Medicine, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Diana J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Bretaud S, Guillon E, Karppinen SM, Pihlajaniemi T, Ruggiero F. Collagen XV, a multifaceted multiplexin present across tissues and species. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100023. [PMID: 33543021 PMCID: PMC7852327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type XV collagen is a non-fibrillar collagen that is associated with basement membranes and belongs to the multiplexin subset of the collagen superfamily. Collagen XV was initially studied because of its sequence homology with collagen XVIII/endostatin whose anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic properties were subjects of wide interest in the past years. But during the last fifteen years, collagen XV has gained growing attention with increasing number of studies that have attributed new functions to this widely distributed collagen/proteoglycan hybrid molecule. Despite the cumulative evidence of its functional pleiotropy and its evolutionary conserved function, no review compiling the current state of the art about collagen XV is currently available. Here, we thus provide the first comprehensive view of the knowledge gathered so far on the molecular structure, tissue distribution and functions of collagen XV in development, tissue homeostasis and disease with an evolutionary perspective. We hope that our review will open new roads for promising research on collagen XV in the coming years. Type XV collagen belongs to the multiplexin subset of the collagen superfamily. It is evolutionarily conserved collagen and associated with basement membranes. This collagen/proteoglycan hybrid molecule contains an anti-angiogenic restin domain. It has important functions in the cardiovascular and the neuromuscular systems. Its expression is dysregulated in various diseases including cancers.
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Key Words
- Animal models
- BM, basement membrane
- BMZ, basement membrane zone
- COL, collagenous domain
- CS, chondroitin sulfate
- CSPG, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
- Collagen-related disease
- Collagens
- Development
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Evolution
- Extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HFD, High fat diet
- HS, heparan sulfate
- HSPG, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- Multiplexin
- NC, non-collagenous domain
- TD, trimerization domain
- TSPN, Thrombospondin-1 N-terminal like domain
- dpf, day post-fertilization
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bretaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, University of Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Emilie Guillon
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, University of Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Sanna-Maria Karppinen
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7C, FI-90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7C, FI-90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, University of Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
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21
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Exploring the roles of MACIT and multiplexin collagens in stem cells and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:134-148. [PMID: 31479735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is ubiquitously involved in neoplastic transformation, tumour growth and metastatic dissemination, and the interplay between tumour and stromal cells and the ECM is now considered crucial for the formation of a tumour-supporting microenvironment. The 28 different collagens (Col) form a major ECM protein family and display extraordinary functional diversity in tissue homeostasis as well as in pathological conditions, with functions ranging from structural support for tissues to regulatory binding activities and storage of biologically active cryptic domains releasable through ECM proteolysis. Two subfamilies of collagens, namely the plasma membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple-helices (MACITs, including ColXIII, ColXXIII and ColXXV) and the basement membrane-associated collagens with multiple triple-helix domains with interruptions (multiplexins, including ColXV and ColXVIII), have highly interesting regulatory functions in tissue and organ development, as well as in various diseases, including cancer. An increasing, albeit yet sparse, data suggest that these collagens play crucial roles in conveying regulatory signals from the extracellular space to cells. We summarize here the current knowledge about MACITs and multiplexins as regulators of stemness and oncogenic processes, as well as their roles in influencing cell fate decisions in healthy and cancerous tissues. In addition, we present a bioinformatic analysis of the impacts of MACITs and multiplexins transcript levels on the prognosis of patients representing a wide array of malignant diseases, to aid future diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.
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22
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Mendoza-Posada DA, Ramos C, Garcia-Hernandez AA, Falfan-Valencia R. Matrix metalloproteinases participation in the metastatic process and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:57-83. [PMID: 31014516 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate from the initial phases of cancer onset to the settlement of a metastatic niche in a second organ. Their role in cancer progression is related to their involvement in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and in the regulation and processing of adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins, growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. MMPs participation in cancer progression makes them an attractive target for cancer therapy. MMPs have also been used for theranostic purposes in the detection of primary tumor and metastatic tissue in which a particular MMP is overexpressed, to follow up on therapy responses, and in the activation of cancer cytotoxic pro-drugs as part of nano-delivery-systems that increase drug concentration in a specific tumor target. Herein, we review MMPs molecular characteristics, their synthesis regulation and enzymatic activity, their participation in the metastatic process, and how their functions have been used to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Armando Garcia-Hernandez
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramces Falfan-Valencia
- Laboratorio de HLA, Departamento de Inmunogenética y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Burgess JK, Weckmann M, Karsdal MA. The message from the matrix-should we listen more closely? J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S230-S233. [PMID: 30997184 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.01.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Centrum Lübeck, Member of Airway Research Center North (ARCN) of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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24
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The in-silico characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans matrisome and proposal of a novel collagen classification. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100001. [PMID: 33543001 PMCID: PMC7852208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the building blocks of life. While proteins and their localization within cells and sub-cellular compartments are well defined, the proteins predicted to be secreted to form the extracellular matrix - or matrisome - remain elusive in the model organism C. elegans. Here, we used a bioinformatic approach combining gene orthology and protein structure analysis and an extensive curation of the literature to define the C. elegans matrisome. Similar to the human genome, we found that 719 out of ~20,000 genes (~4%) of the C. elegans genome encodes matrisome proteins, including 181 collagens, 35 glycoproteins, 10 proteoglycans, and 493 matrisome-associated proteins. We report that 173 out of the 181 collagen genes are unique to nematodes and are predicted to encode cuticular collagens, which we are proposing to group into five clusters. To facilitate the use of our lists and classification by the scientific community, we developed an automated annotation tool to identify ECM components in large datasets. We also established a novel database of all C. elegans collagens (CeColDB). Last, we provide examples of how the newly defined C. elegans matrisome can be used for annotations and gene ontology analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, and RNAi screening data. Because C. elegans is a widely used model organism for high throughput genetic and drug screens, and to study biological and pathological processes, the conserved matrisome genes may aid in identifying potential drug targets. In addition, the nematode-specific matrisome may be exploited for targeting parasitic infection of man and crops. Pipeline combining gene- and protein-sequence analysis to predict the C. elegans matrisome The in-silicoC. elegans matrisome comprises 719 genes. The 185 C. elegans collagen-domain-containing proteins are classified into 4 groups. The 173 cuticular collagens are further classified into 5 clusters based on their domain organization. The C. elegans Matrisome Annotator is an online tool to identify matrisome genes and proteins in large datasets.
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25
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Sivaraman K, Shanthi C. Matrikines for therapeutic and biomedical applications. Life Sci 2018; 214:22-33. [PMID: 30449450 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrikines, peptides originating from the fragmentation of extracellular matrix proteins are identified to play important role in both health and disease. They possess biological activities, much different from their parent protein. Identification of such bioactive cryptic regions in the extracellular matrix proteins has attracted the researchers all over the world in the recent decade. These bioactive peptides could find use in preparation of biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. Matrikines identified in major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin are being extensively studied for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They are identified to modulate cellular activity like cell growth, proliferation, migration and may induce apoptosis. RGD, a well-known peptide identified in fibronectin with cell adhesive property is being investigated in designing biomaterials. Collagen hexapeptide GFOGER was found to promote cell adhesion and differentiation. Laminin also possesses regions with strong cell adhesion property. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides from elastin are used as a targeted delivery system for therapeutic drugs. The continued search for cryptic sequences in the extracellular matrix proteins along with advanced peptide coupling chemistries would lead to biomaterials with improved surface properties. This review article outlines the peptides derived from extracellular matrix and some of the possible applications of these peptides in therapeutics and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivaraman
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C Shanthi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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26
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Torrecilla J, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Vicente-Pascual M, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A. Targeting corneal inflammation by gene therapy: Emerging strategies for keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:130-140. [PMID: 29981344 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the underlying process of several diseases within the eye, specifically in the cornea. Current treatment options for corneal inflammation or keratitis, and related neovascularization, are restricted by limited efficacy, adverse effects, and short duration of action. Gene therapy has shown great potential for the treatment of diseases affecting the ocular surface, and major efforts are being targeted to inflammatory mediators and neovascularization, in order to develop potential treatments for corneal inflammation. Gene therapy to treat ocular disorders is still starting, and current therapies are primarily experimental, with most human clinical trials still in research state, although some of them have already shown encouraging results. In this review, we focus on the progress and challenges of gene therapy to treat corneal inflammation. After introducing the inflammation process, we present the main nucleic acid delivery systems, including viral and non-viral vectors, and the most studied strategies to address the therapy: control of neovascularization and regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Torrecilla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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27
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Cutting to the Chase: How Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity Controls Breast-Cancer-to-Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060185. [PMID: 29874869 PMCID: PMC6025260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic breast cancer is currently incurable and will be evident in more than 70% of patients that succumb to the disease. Understanding the factors that contribute to the progression and metastasis of breast cancer can reveal therapeutic opportunities. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes whose role in cancer has been widely documented. They are capable of contributing to every step of the metastatic cascade, but enthusiasm for the use of MMP inhibition as a therapeutic approach has been dampened by the disappointing results of clinical trials conducted more than 20 years ago. Since the trials, our knowledge of MMP biology has expanded greatly. Combined with advances in the selective targeting of individual MMPs and the specific delivery of therapeutics to the tumor microenvironment, we may be on the verge of finally realizing the promise of MMP inhibition as a treatment strategy. Here, as a case in point, we focus specifically on MMP-2 as an example to show how it can contribute to each stage of breast-cancer-to-bone metastasis and also discuss novel approaches for the selective targeting of MMP-2 in the setting of the bone-cancer microenvironment.
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28
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Cirri L, Donnini S, Morbidelli L, Chiarugi P, Ziche M, Ledda F. Endostatin: A Promising Drug for Antiangiogenic Therapy. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 14:263-7. [PMID: 10669957 DOI: 10.1177/172460089901400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing capillaries, is critical for tumors to grow beyond a few in size. Tumor cells produce one or more angiogenic factors including fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Surprisingly, antiangiogenic factors or angiogenesis inhibitors have been isolated from tumors. Some angiogenesis inhibitors, such as angiostatin, are associated with tumors while others, such as platelet-factor 4 and interferon-alpha are not. Endostatin, a C-terminal product of collagen XVIII, is a specific inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. The mechanism by which endostatin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration is unknown. Endostatin was originally expressed in a prokaryotic system and, late, in a yeast system, thanks to which it is possible to obtain a sufficient quantity of the protein in a soluble and refolded form to be used in preclincial and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cirri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Firenze, Italy
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29
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Lin X, Chen J, Qiu P, Zhang Q, Wang S, Su M, Chen Y, Jin K, Qin A, Fan S, Chen P, Zhao X. Biphasic hierarchical extracellular matrix scaffold for osteochondral defect regeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:433-444. [PMID: 29233641 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of decellularized osteochondral extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold for osteochondral defect regeneration. DESIGN We compared the histological features and microstructure of degenerated cartilage to normal articular cartilage. We also generated and evaluated osteochondral ECM scaffolds through decellularization technology. Then scaffolds were implanted to osteochondral defect in rabbit model. After 12 weeks surgery, regeneration tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry evaluation. And possible mechanisms of angiogenesis and cell migration were explored. RESULTS We demonstrated decreased cell numbers, formation of fibrous cartilage, lost microstructure and worse permeability in degenerated cartilage compared to normal cartilage. We also generated an osteochondral ECM scaffold with a hierarchical structure that exhibited low immunogenicity, high bioactivity, and well biocompatibility. We found that the ECM scaffold promoted tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects, which was dependent on the scaffold constituents and stratified three-dimensional microstructure as well as on its ability to inhibit angiogenesis and stimulate cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that the biphasic hierarchical ECM scaffold represents a novel and effective biomaterial that can be used in the treatment of osteochondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - K Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - A Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - P Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Karppinen SM, Honkanen HK, Heljasvaara R, Riihilä P, Autio-Harmainen H, Sormunen R, Harjunen V, Väisänen MR, Väisänen T, Hurskainen T, Tasanen K, Kähäri VM, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagens XV and XVIII show different expression and localisation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: type XV appears in tumor stroma, while XVIII becomes upregulated in tumor cells and lost from microvessels. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:348-54. [PMID: 26660139 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the second most common skin malignancy, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an increasing health concern, while its pathogenesis at molecular level remains largely unknown. We studied the expression and localisation of two homologous basement membrane (BM) collagens, types XV and XVIII, at different stages of cSCC. These collagens are involved in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, but their role in cancer development is incompletely understood. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed upregulation of collagen XVIII, but not collagen XV, in primary cSCC cells in comparison with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, the Ha-ras-transformed invasive cell line II-4 expressed high levels of collagen XVIII mRNA, indicating upregulation in the course of malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical analyses of a large human tissue microarray material showed that collagen XVIII is expressed by tumor cells from grade 1 onwards, while keratinocytes in normal skin and in premalignant lesions showed negative staining for it. Collagen XV appeared instead as deposits in the tumor stroma. Our findings in human cSCCs and in mouse cSCCs from the DMBA-TPA skin carcinogenesis model showed that collagen XVIII, but not collagen XV or the BM markers collagen IV or laminin, was selectively reduced in the tumor vasculature, and this decrease associated significantly with cancer progression. Our results demonstrate that collagens XV and XVIII are expressed in different sites of cSCC and may contribute in a distinct manner to processes related to cSCC tumorigenesis, identifying these collagens as potential biomarkers in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Maria Karppinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanne-Kaisa Honkanen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Raija Sormunen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vanessa Harjunen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Timo Väisänen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Hurskainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, University of Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, University of Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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31
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:170-189. [PMID: 29133183 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by several protease families releases a number of bioactive fragments, which regulate numerous biological processes such as autophagy, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastasis and wound healing. We review here the proteases which generate bioactive ECM fragments, their ECM substrates, the major bioactive ECM fragments, together with their biological properties and their receptors. The translation of ECM fragments into drugs is challenging and would take advantage of an integrative approach to optimize the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies. This could be done by building the contextualized interaction network of the ECM fragment repertoire including their parent proteins, remodeling proteinases, and their receptors, and by using mathematical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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32
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Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Proteoglycans remodeling in cancer: Underlying molecular mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:220-259. [PMID: 29128506 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic macromolecular network. Proteoglycans are major components of extracellular matrix playing key roles in its structural organization and cell signaling contributing to the control of numerous normal and pathological processes. As multifunctional molecules, proteoglycans participate in various cell functions during morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Their interactions with matrix effectors, cell surface receptors and enzymes enable them with unique properties. In malignancy, extensive remodeling of tumor stroma is associated with marked alterations in proteoglycans' expression and structural variability. Proteoglycans exert diverse functions in tumor stroma in a cell-specific and context-specific manner and they mainly contribute to the formation of a permissive provisional matrix for tumor growth affecting tissue organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and tumor cell signaling. Proteoglycans also modulate cancer cell phenotype and properties, the development of drug resistance and tumor stroma angiogenesis. This review summarizes the proteoglycans remodeling and their novel biological roles in malignancies with particular emphasis to the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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33
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Karsdal MA, Nielsen SH, Leeming DJ, Langholm LL, Nielsen MJ, Manon-Jensen T, Siebuhr A, Gudmann NS, Rønnow S, Sand JM, Daniels SJ, Mortensen JH, Schuppan D. The good and the bad collagens of fibrosis - Their role in signaling and organ function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:43-56. [PMID: 28736303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Usually the dense extracellular structure in fibrotic tissues is described as extracellular matrix (ECM) or simply as collagen. However, fibrosis is not just fibrosis, which is already exemplified by the variant morphological characteristics of fibrosis due to viral versus cholestatic, autoimmune or toxic liver injury, with reticular, chicken wire and bridging fibrosis. Importantly, the overall composition of the ECM, especially the relative amounts of the many types of collagens, which represent the most abundant ECM molecules and which centrally modulate cellular functions and physiological processes, changes dramatically during fibrosis progression. We hypothesize that there are good and bad collagens in fibrosis and that a change of location alone may change the function from good to bad. Whereas basement membrane collagen type IV anchors epithelial and other cells in a polarized manner, the interstitial fibroblast collagens type I and III do not provide directional information. In addition, feedback loops from biologically active degradation products of some collagens are examples of the importance of having the right collagen at the right place and at the right time controlling cell function, proliferation, matrix production and fate. Examples are the interstitial collagen type VI and basement membrane collagen type XVIII. Their carboxyterminal propeptides serve as an adipose tissue hormone, endotrophin, and as a regulator of angiogenesis, endostatin, respectively. We provide an overview of the 28 known collagen types and propose that the molecular composition of the ECM in fibrosis needs careful attention to assess its impact on organ function and its potential to progress or reverse. Consequently, to adequately assess fibrosis and to design optimal antifibrotic therapies, we need to dissect the molecular entity of fibrosis for the molecular composition and spatial distribution of collagens and the associated ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - S H Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L L Langholm
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M J Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Siebuhr
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Rønnow
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J M Sand
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J H Mortensen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Colon S, Page-McCaw P, Bhave G. Role of Hypohalous Acids in Basement Membrane Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:839-854. [PMID: 28657332 PMCID: PMC5647493 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like structures of specialized extracellular matrix that underlie nearly all tissue cell layers including epithelial, endothelial, and muscle cells. BMs not only provide structural support but are also critical for the development, maintenance, and repair of organs. Animal heme peroxidases generate highly reactive hypohalous acids extracellularly and, therefore, target BMs for oxidative modification. Given the importance of BMs in tissue structure and function, hypohalous acid-mediated oxidative modifications of BM proteins represent a key mechanism in normal development and pathogenesis of disease. Recent Advances: Peroxidasin (PXDN), a BM-associated animal heme peroxidase, generates hypobromous acid (HOBr) to form sulfilimine cross-links within the collagen IV network of BM. These cross-links stabilize BM and are critical for animal tissue development. These findings highlight a paradoxical anabolic role for HOBr, which typically damages protein structure leading to dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular mechanism whereby PXDN uses HOBr as a reactive intermediate to cross-link collagen IV, yet avoid collateral damage to nearby BM proteins, remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The exact identification and functional impact of specific hypohalous acid-mediated modifications of BM proteins need to be addressed to connect these modifications to tissue development and pathogenesis of disease. As seen with the sulfilimine cross-link of collagen IV, hypohalous acid oxidative events may be beneficial in select situations rather than uniformly deleterious. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 839-854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Colon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patrick Page-McCaw
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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35
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The brain interstitial system: Anatomy, modeling, in vivo measurement, and applications. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:230-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Lisignoli G, Lambertini E, Manferdini C, Gabusi E, Penolazzi L, Paolella F, Angelozzi M, Casagranda V, Piva R. Collagen type XV and the 'osteogenic status'. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2236-2244. [PMID: 28332281 PMCID: PMC5571525 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that collagen type XV (ColXV) is a novel bone extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. It is well known that the complex mixture of multiple components present in ECM can help both to maintain stemness or to promote differentiation of stromal cells following change in qualitative characteristics or concentrations. We investigated the possible correlation between ColXV expression and mineral matrix deposition by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different osteogenic potential and by osteoblasts (hOBs) that are able to grow in culture medium with or without calcium. Analysing the osteogenic process, we have shown that ColXV basal levels are lower in cells less prone to osteo‐induction such as hMSCs from Wharton Jelly (hWJMSCs), compared to hMSCs that are prone to osteo‐induction such as those from the bone marrow (hBMMSCs). In the group of samples identified as ‘mineralized MSCs’, during successful osteogenic induction, ColXV protein continued to be detected at substantial levels until early stage of differentiation, but it significantly decreased and then disappeared at the end of culture when the matrix formed was completely calcified. The possibility to grow hOBs in culture medium without calcium corroborated the results obtained with hMSCs demonstrating that calcium deposits organized in a calcified matrix, and not calcium ‘per se’, negatively affected ColXV expression. As a whole, our data suggest that ColXV may participate in ECM organization in the early‐phases of the osteogenic process and that this is a prerequisite to promote the subsequent deposition of mineral matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolella
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Casagranda
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Durgin BG, Cherepanova OA, Gomez D, Karaoli T, Alencar GF, Butcher JT, Zhou YQ, Bendeck MP, Isakson BE, Owens GK, Connelly JJ. Smooth muscle cell-specific deletion of Col15a1 unexpectedly leads to impaired development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H943-H958. [PMID: 28283548 PMCID: PMC5451587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture with subsequent embolic events is a major cause of sudden death from myocardial infarction or stroke. Although smooth muscle cells (SMCs) produce and respond to collagens in vitro, there is no direct evidence in vivo that SMCs are a crucial source of collagens and that this impacts lesion development or fibrous cap formation. We sought to determine how conditional SMC-specific knockout of collagen type XV (COL15A1) in SMC lineage tracing mice affects advanced lesion formation given that 1) we have previously identified a Col15a1 sequence variant associated with age-related atherosclerosis, 2) COL15A1 is a matrix organizer enhancing tissue structural integrity, and 3) small interfering RNA-mediated Col15a1 knockdown increased migration and decreased proliferation of cultured human SMCs. We hypothesized that SMC-derived COL15A1 is critical in advanced lesions, specifically in fibrous cap formation. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SMC-specific Col15a1 knockout mice fed a Western diet for 18 wk failed to form advanced lesions. SMC-specific Col15a1 knockout resulted in lesions reduced in size by 78%, with marked reductions in numbers and proliferating SMCs, and lacked a SMC and extracellular matrix-rich lesion or fibrous cap. In vivo RNA-seq analyses on SMC Col15a1 knockout and wild-type lesions suggested that a mechanism for these effects is through global repression of multiple proatherogenic inflammatory pathways involved in lesion development. These results provide the first direct evidence that a SMC-derived collagen, COL15A1, is critical during lesion pathogenesis, but, contrary to expectations, its loss resulted in marked attenuation rather than exacerbation of lesion pathogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report the first direct in vivo evidence that a smooth muscle cell (SMC)-produced collagen, collagen type XV (COL15A1), is critical for atherosclerotic lesion development. SMC Col15a1 knockout markedly attenuated advanced lesion formation, likely through reducing SMC proliferation and impairing multiple proatherogenic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany G Durgin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Themistoclis Karaoli
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Michelle P Bendeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jessica J Connelly
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; .,Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Hegde S, Srivastava O. Different gene knockout/transgenic mouse models manifesting persistent fetal vasculature: Are integrins to blame for this pathological condition? Life Sci 2016; 171:30-38. [PMID: 28039002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) occurs as a result of a failure of fetal vasculature to undergo normal programmed involution. During development, before the formation of retinal vessels, the lens and the inner retina are nourished by the hyaloid vasculature. Hyaloid vessels extend from the optic nerve and run through the vitreous to encapsulate the lens. As fetal retinal vessels develop, hyaloid vasculature naturally regresses. Failure of regression of the hyaloid artery has been shown to lead to severe congenital pathologies. Studies on childhood blindness and visual impairment in the United States have shown that PFV accounts for 4.8% of total blindness. Although PFV is a serious developmental disease affecting the normal visual development pathway, the exact regulatory mechanism responsible for the regression of the hyaloid artery is still unknown. In this review, we have summarized the cellular defects associated with different knockout models that manifest features of persistent fetal vasculature. Based on similar cellular defects observed in different knockouts (KO)s such as altered migration, increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis and, the known role of integrins in the regulation of these cellular behaviors, we propose here that integrins may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of persistent fetal vasculature disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shylaja Hegde
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Om Srivastava
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Extracellular Matrix, a Hard Player in Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111822. [PMID: 27809279 PMCID: PMC5133823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides. Through multiple interactions with each other and the cell surface receptors, not only the ECM determines the physical and mechanical properties of the tissues, but also profoundly influences cell behavior and many physiological and pathological processes. One of the functions that have been extensively explored is its impingement on angiogenesis. The strong impact of the ECM in this context is both direct and indirect by virtue of its ability to interact and/or store several growth factors and cytokines. The aim of this review is to provide some examples of the complex molecular mechanisms that are elicited by these molecules in promoting or weakening the angiogenic processes. The scenario is intricate, since matrix remodeling often generates fragments displaying opposite effects compared to those exerted by the whole molecules. Thus, the balance will tilt towards angiogenesis or angiostasis depending on the relative expression of pro- or anti-angiogenetic molecules/fragments composing the matrix of a given tissue. One of the vital aspects of this field of research is that, for its endogenous nature, the ECM can be viewed as a reservoir to draw from for the development of new more efficacious therapies to treat angiogenesis-dependent pathologies.
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40
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Genovese F, Karsdal MA. Protein degradation fragments as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of connective tissue diseases: understanding the extracellular matrix message and implication for current and future serological biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:213-25. [PMID: 26689914 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1134327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss the potential usefulness of novel biochemical markers of connective tissues: neo-epitopes of extracellular matrix proteins generated by post-translational modifications by tissue proteinases. As each modification results from a specific local physiological or pathobiological process, the identification of specific proteinase-mediated cleavage products of tissue-specific proteins may produce a unique disease-specific biochemical marker. The authors present a novel interpretation of the process of tissue degradation described by neo-epitope fragments of the interstitial and basement membrane matrix in fibrotic disease, and the diagnostic and prognostic potential of such markers. Moreover, the authors highlight the importance of matrix protein fragments not only as markers of tissue remodeling, but also as players in tissue remodeling, due to their signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Genovese
- a Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
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41
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da Silva Meirelles L, de Deus Wagatsuma VM, Malta TM, Bonini Palma PV, Araújo AG, Panepucci RA, Silva WA, Kashima S, Covas DT. The gene expression profile of non-cultured, highly purified human adipose tissue pericytes: Transcriptomic evidence that pericytes are stem cells in human adipose tissue. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:239-254. [PMID: 27789253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a subset of perivascular cells that can give rise to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) when culture-expanded, and are postulated to give rise to MSC-like cells during tissue repair in vivo. PCs have been suggested to behave as stem cells (SCs) in situ in animal models, although evidence for this role in humans is lacking. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of highly purified, non-cultured adipose tissue (AT)-derived PCs (ATPCs) to detect gene expression changes that occur as they acquire MSC characteristics in vitro, and evaluated the hypothesis that human ATPCs exhibit a gene expression profile compatible with an AT SC phenotype. The results showed ATPCs are non-proliferative and express genes characteristic not only of PCs, but also of AT stem/progenitor cells. Additional analyses defined a gene expression signature for ATPCs, and revealed putative novel ATPC markers. Almost all AT stem/progenitor cell genes differentially expressed by ATPCs were not expressed by ATMSCs or culture-expanded ATPCs. Genes expressed by ATMSCs but not by ATPCs were also identified. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that PCs are SCs in vascularized tissues, highlight gene expression changes they undergo as they assume an MSC phenotype, and provide new insights into PC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Virgínia Mara de Deus Wagatsuma
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Viana Bonini Palma
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia Goes Araújo
- Laboratory of Large-Scale Functional Biology (LLSFBio), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Laboratory of Large-Scale Functional Biology (LLSFBio), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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42
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Gutiérrez JM, Escalante T, Rucavado A, Herrera C, Fox JW. A Comprehensive View of the Structural and Functional Alterations of Extracellular Matrix by Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs): Novel Perspectives on the Pathophysiology of Envenoming. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100304. [PMID: 27782073 PMCID: PMC5086664 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) affect the extracellular matrix (ECM) in multiple and complex ways. Previously, the combination of various methodological platforms, including electron microscopy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, has allowed a partial understanding of such complex pathology. In recent years, the proteomics analysis of exudates collected in the vicinity of tissues affected by SVMPs has provided novel and exciting information on SVMP-induced ECM alterations. The presence of fragments of an array of ECM proteins, including those of the basement membrane, has revealed a complex pathological scenario caused by the direct action of SVMPs. In addition, the time-course analysis of these changes has underscored that degradation of some fibrillar collagens is likely to depend on the action of endogenous proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), synthesized as a consequence of the inflammatory process. The action of SVMPs on the ECM also results in the release of ECM-derived biologically-active peptides that exert diverse actions in the tissue, some of which might be associated with reparative events or with further tissue damage. The study of the effects of SVMP on the ECM is an open field of research which may bring a renewed understanding of snake venom-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Alexandra Rucavado
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Cristina Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Jay W Fox
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22959, USA.
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Heljasvaara R, Aikio M, Ruotsalainen H, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XVIII in tissue homeostasis and dysregulation - Lessons learned from model organisms and human patients. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:55-75. [PMID: 27746220 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XVIII is a ubiquitous basement membrane (BM) proteoglycan produced in three tissue-specific isoforms that differ in their N-terminal non-collagenous sequences, but share collagenous and C-terminal non-collagenous domains. The collagenous domain provides flexibility to the large collagen XVIII molecules on account of multiple interruptions in collagenous sequences. Each isoform has a complex multi-domain structure that endows it with an ability to perform various biological functions. The long isoform contains a frizzled-like (Fz) domain with Wnt-inhibiting activity and a unique domain of unknown function (DUF959), which is also present in the medium isoform. All three isoforms share an N-terminal laminin-G-like/thrombospondin-1 sequence whose specific functions still remain unconfirmed. The proteoglycan nature of the isoforms further increases the functional diversity of collagen XVIII. An anti-angiogenic domain termed endostatin resides in the C-terminus of collagen XVIII and is proteolytically cleaved from the parental molecule during the BM breakdown for example in the process of tumour progression. Recombinant endostatin can efficiently reduce tumour angiogenesis and growth in experimental models by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and proliferation or by inducing their death, but its efficacy against human cancers is still a subject of debate. Mutations in the COL18A1 gene result in Knobloch syndrome, a genetic disorder characterised mainly by severe eye defects and encephalocele and, occasionally, other symptoms. Studies with gene-modified mice have elucidated some aspects of this rare disease, highlighting in particular the importance of collagen XVIII in the development of the eye. Research with model organisms have also helped in determining other structural and biological functions of collagen XVIII, such as its requirement in the maintenance of BM integrity and its emerging roles in regulating cell survival, stem or progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation and inflammation. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on the properties and endogenous functions of collagen XVIII in normal situations and tissue dysregulation. When data is available, we discuss the functions of the distinct isoforms and their specific domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mari Aikio
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Type XIX collagen: A new partner in the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:169-177. [PMID: 27491275 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type XIX collagen is a minor collagen that is associated with the basement membrane zone that belongs to the FACIT family (Fibril-Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple helices). The FACIT family is composed of type IX, XII, XIV, XVI, XX, XXI, XXII and XIX collagens, which share many highly conserved structural motifs: a short NC1 domain, a thrombospondin-like N-terminal domain (TSPN), and numerous cysteine residues. The main role of FACITs is to ensure the integrity and stability of the extracellular matrix and its fibrillar collagen network by regulating the formation and size of the collagen fibrils. Type XIX collagen was discovered in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. The collagen α1(XIX) chain is composed of 5 triple-helical domains (COL) interrupted by 6 non-triple-helical (NC) domains with a short, C-terminal, 19 amino acid non-collagenous domain (NC1). This collagen is involved in the differentiation of muscle cells, central nervous system development, and formation of the esophagus. Type XIX collagen is associated with the basement membrane zone, like type XVIII and XV collagens. Its short NC1(XIX) C-terminal domain inhibits the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. It also exerts a strong anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting MMP-14 and VEGF expression. NC1(XIX) binding to αvβ3 integrin decreases the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase)/PI3K (PhosphoInositide 3-Kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B)/mTOR (Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin) pathway. On the other hand, NC1(XIX) induces an increase in GSK3β activity by decreasing its level of phosphorylation. The inhibition of this pathway could explain the anti-tumor properties of the NC1(XIX) domain.
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Abstract
Collagens mediate essential hemostasis by maintaining the integrity and stability of the vascular wall. Imbalanced turnover of collagens by uncontrolled formation and/or degradation may result in pathologic conditions such as fibrosis. Thickening of the vessel wall because of accumulation of collagens may lead to arterial occlusion or thrombosis. Thinning of the wall because of collagen degradation or deficiency may lead to rupture of the vessel wall or aneurysm. Preventing excessive hemorrhage or thrombosis relies on collagen-mediated actions. Von Willebrand factor, integrins and glycoprotein VI, as well as clotting factors, can bind collagen to restore normal hemostasis after trauma. This review outlines the essential roles of collagens in mediating hemostasis, with a focus on collagens types I, III, IV, VI, XV, and XVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N G Kjeld
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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Poluzzi C, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Endostatin and endorepellin: A common route of action for similar angiostatic cancer avengers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:156-73. [PMID: 26518982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy typically targets the tumor proper. However, newly-formed vasculature exerts a major role in cancer development and progression. Autophagy, as a biological mechanism for clearing damaged proteins and oxidative stress products released in the tumor milieu, could help in tumor resolution by rescuing cells undergoing modifications or inducing autophagic-cell death of tumor blood vessels. Cleaved fragments of extracellular matrix proteoglycans are emerging as key players in the modulation of angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. An essential characteristic of cancer progression is the remodeling of the basement membrane and the release of processed forms of its constituents. Endostatin, generated from collagen XVIII, and endorepellin, the C-terminal segment of the large proteoglycan perlecan, possess a dual activity as modifiers of both angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. Manipulation of these endogenously-processed forms, located in the basement membrane within tumors, could represent new therapeutic approaches for cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Poluzzi
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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47
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Walia A, Yang JF, Huang YH, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Endostatin's emerging roles in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, disease, and clinical applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1850:2422-38. [PMID: 26367079 PMCID: PMC4624607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is the process of neovascularization from pre-existing vasculature and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Inhibitors of angiogenesis, administered either as individual drugs or in combination with other chemotherapy, have been shown to benefit patients with various cancers. Endostatin, a 20-kDa C-terminal fragment of type XVIII collagen, is one of the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss the biology behind endostatin in the context of its endogenous production, the various receptors to which it binds, and the mechanisms by which it acts. We focus on its inhibitory role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. We also present emerging clinical applications for endostatin and its potential as a therapeutic agent in the form a short peptide. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The delicate balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors can be modulated to result in physiological wound healing or pathological tumor metastasis. Research in the last decade has emphasized an emerging clinical potential for endostatin as a biomarker and as a therapeutic short peptide. Moreover, elevated or depressed endostatin levels in diseased states may help explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of the particular disease. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Endostatin was once sought after as the 'be all and end all' for cancer treatment; however, research throughout the last decade has made it apparent that endostatin's effects are complex and involve multiple mechanisms. A better understanding of newly discovered mechanisms and clinical applications still has the potential to lead to future advances in the use of endostatin in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Walia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica F Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Porter LF, Galli GG, Williamson S, Selley J, Knight D, Elcioglu N, Aydin A, Elcioglu M, Venselaar H, Lund AH, Bonshek R, Black GC, Manson FD. A role for repressive complexes and H3K9 di-methylation in PRDM5-associated brittle cornea syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6565-79. [PMID: 26395458 PMCID: PMC4634368 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 brittle cornea syndrome (BCS2) is an inherited connective tissue disease with a devastating ocular phenotype caused by mutations in the transcription factor PR domain containing 5 (PRDM5) hypothesized to exert epigenetic effects through histone and DNA methylation. Here we investigate clinical samples, including skin fibroblasts and retinal tissue from BCS2 patients, to elucidate the epigenetic role of PRDM5 and mechanisms of its dysregulation in disease. First we report abnormal retinal vascular morphology in the eyes of two cousins with BCS2 (PRDM5 Δ exons 9-14) using immunohistochemistry, and mine data from skin fibroblast expression microarrays from patients with PRDM5 mutations p.Arg590* and Δ exons 9-14, as well as from a PRDM5 ChIP-sequencing experiment. Gene ontology analysis of dysregulated PRDM5-target genes reveals enrichment for extracellular matrix (ECM) genes supporting vascular integrity and development. Q-PCR and ChIP-qPCR confirm upregulation of critical mediators of ECM stability in vascular structures (COL13A1, COL15A1, NTN1, CDH5) in patient fibroblasts. We identify H3K9 di-methylation (H3K9me2) at these PRDM5-target genes in fibroblasts, and demonstrate that the BCS2 mutation p.Arg83Cys diminishes interaction of PRDM5 with repressive complexes, including NuRD complex protein CHD4, and the repressive chromatin interactor HP1BP3, by co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry. We observe reduced heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3) staining in the retinas of two cousins lacking exons 9-14 by immunohistochemistry, and dysregulated H3K9me2 in skin fibroblasts of three patients (p.Arg590*, p.Glu134* and Δ exons 9-14) by western blotting. These findings suggest that defective interaction of PRDM5 with repressive complexes, and dysregulation of H3K9me2, play a role in PRDM5-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Porter
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Giorgio G Galli
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Williamson
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Julian Selley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Nursel Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medipol Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Elcioglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre of Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Bonshek
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, National Ophthalmic Pathology Service Laboratory, Department of Histopathology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Graeme C Black
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Forbes D Manson
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
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Karsdal MA, Manon-Jensen T, Genovese F, Kristensen JH, Nielsen MJ, Sand JMB, Hansen NUB, Bay-Jensen AC, Bager CL, Krag A, Blanchard A, Krarup H, Leeming DJ, Schuppan D. Novel insights into the function and dynamics of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G807-30. [PMID: 25767261 PMCID: PMC4437019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00447.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that altered components and posttranslational modifications of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) may both initiate and drive disease progression. The ECM is a complex grid consisting of multiple proteins, most of which play a vital role in containing the essential information needed for maintenance of a sophisticated structure anchoring the cells and sustaining normal function of tissues. Therefore, the matrix itself may be considered as a paracrine/endocrine entity, with more complex functions than previously appreciated. The aims of this review are to 1) explore key structural and functional components of the ECM as exemplified by monogenetic disorders leading to severe pathologies, 2) discuss selected pathological posttranslational modifications of ECM proteins resulting in altered functional (signaling) properties from the original structural proteins, and 3) discuss how these findings support the novel concept that an increasing number of components of the ECM harbor signaling functions that can modulate fibrotic liver disease. The ECM entails functions in addition to anchoring cells and modulating their migratory behavior. Key ECM components and their posttranslational modifications often harbor multiple domains with different signaling potential, in particular when modified during inflammation or wound healing. This signaling by the ECM should be considered a paracrine/endocrine function, as it affects cell phenotype, function, fate, and finally tissue homeostasis. These properties should be exploited to establish novel biochemical markers and antifibrotic treatment strategies for liver fibrosis as well as other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A. Karsdal
- 1Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade, Herlev, Denmark; ,2University of Southern Denmark, SDU, Odense, Denmark;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksander Krag
- 3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
| | - Andy Blanchard
- 4GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom;
| | - Henrik Krarup
- 5Section of Molecular Biology, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | | | - Detlef Schuppan
- 6Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; ,7Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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50
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Zaferani A, Talsma DT, Yazdani S, Celie JWAM, Aikio M, Heljasvaara R, Navis GJ, Pihlajaniemi T, van den Born J. Basement membrane zone collagens XV and XVIII/proteoglycans mediate leukocyte influx in renal ischemia/reperfusion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106732. [PMID: 25188209 PMCID: PMC4154753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen type XV and XVIII are proteoglycans found in the basement membrane zones of endothelial and epithelial cells, and known for their cryptic anti-angiogenic domains named restin and endostatin, respectively. Mutations or deletions of these collagens are associated with eye, muscle and microvessel phenotypes. We now describe a novel role for these collagens, namely a supportive role in leukocyte recruitment. We subjected mice deficient in collagen XV or collagen XVIII, and their compound mutant, as well as the wild-type control mice to bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion, and evaluated renal function, tubular injury, and neutrophil and macrophage influx at different time points after ischemia/reperfusion. Five days after ischemia/reperfusion, the collagen XV, collagen XVIII and the compound mutant mice showed diminished serum urea levels compared to wild-type mice (all p<0.05). Histology showed reduced tubular damage, and decreased inflammatory cell influx in all mutant mice, which were more pronounced in the compound mutant despite increased expression of MCP-1 and TNF-α in double mutant mice compared to wildtype mice. Both type XV and type XVIII collagen bear glycosaminoglycan side chains and an in vitro approach with recombinant collagen XVIII fragments with variable glycanation indicated a role for these side chains in leukocyte migration. Thus, basement membrane zone collagen/proteoglycan hybrids facilitate leukocyte influx and tubular damage after renal ischemia/reperfusion and might be potential intervention targets for the reduction of inflammation in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Zaferani
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ditmer T. Talsma
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. A. M. Celie
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mari Aikio
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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