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Nakanoh S, Sham K, Ghimire S, Mohorianu I, Rayon T, Vallier L. Human surface ectoderm and amniotic ectoderm are sequentially specified according to cellular density. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh7748. [PMID: 38427729 PMCID: PMC10906920 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mechanisms specifying amniotic ectoderm and surface ectoderm are unresolved in humans due to their close similarities in expression patterns and signal requirements. This lack of knowledge hinders the development of protocols to accurately model human embryogenesis. Here, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell model to investigate the divergence between amniotic and surface ectoderms. In the established culture system, cells differentiated into functional amnioblast-like cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of amnioblast differentiation revealed an intermediate cell state with enhanced surface ectoderm gene expression. Furthermore, when the differentiation started at the confluent condition, cells retained the expression profile of surface ectoderm. Collectively, we propose that human amniotic ectoderm and surface ectoderm are specified along a common nonneural ectoderm trajectory based on cell density. Our culture system also generated extraembryonic mesoderm-like cells from the primed pluripotent state. Together, this study provides an integrative understanding of the human nonneural ectoderm development and a model for embryonic and extraembryonic human development around gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakanoh
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sabitri Ghimire
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Teresa Rayon
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
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2
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Gao F, Wu Q, Lu D. MicroRNA-10a-5p-mediated downregulation of GATA6 inhibits tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Hum Cell 2024; 37:271-284. [PMID: 37768544 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the common cause of cancer-related death in women and is considered the most deadly gynecological cancer. It has been established that GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6) is abnormally expressed in several types of malignant tumors and acts as an oncogenic protein or a tumor suppressor. However, the underlying mechanism of GATA6 in ovarian cancer progression has not been elucidated. Data in the present study revealed that GATA6 expression was negatively correlated to microRNA-10a-5p (miR-10a-5p) in ovarian cancer tissue and cells and that GATA6 is directly targeted by miR-10a-5p. Notably, upregulated miR-10a-5p dramatically inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, tumorigenic ability, migration, and invasion by targeting GATA6. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that miR-10a-5p-mediated downregulation of GATA6 suppressed Akt pathway activation. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-10a-5p could be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer, and targeting the miR-10a-5p/GATA6/Akt axis could improve outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiying Gao
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics Control of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Yangzhou Jiangdu Binjiang City People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225211, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics Control of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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3
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Wang W, Shi W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li P, Zeng Z, Hu W, Chen Y, Tang D, Dai Y. Systematic proteomics profiling of lysine crotonylation of the lung at Pseudoglandular and Canalicular phases in human fetus. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:22. [PMID: 38041078 PMCID: PMC10691156 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue is an important organ of the fetus, and genomic research on its development has improved our understanding of the biology of this tissue. However, the proteomic research of developing fetal lung tissue is still very scarce. We conducted comprehensive analysis of two developmental stages of fetal lung tissue of proteomics. It showed the developmental characteristics of lung tissue, such as the down-regulation of metabolism-related protein expression, the up-regulation of cell cycle-related proteins, and the regulation in proteins and pathways related to lung development. In addition, we also discovered some key core proteins related to lung development, and provided some key crotonylation modification sites that regulation during lung tissue development. Our comprehensive analysis of lung proteomics can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental status of lung tissue, and provide a certain reference for future research and epigenetics of lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern, University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern, University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yane Yang
- Shenzhen Far East Women & Children Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shenzhen Far East Women & Children Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Hu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China.
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Rao J, Djeffal Y, Chal J, Marchianò F, Wang CH, Al Tanoury Z, Gapon S, Mayeuf-Louchart A, Glass I, Sefton EM, Habermann B, Kardon G, Watt FM, Tseng YH, Pourquié O. Reconstructing human brown fat developmental trajectory in vitro. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2359-2375.e8. [PMID: 37647896 PMCID: PMC10873093 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes (BAs) represent a specialized cell type that is able to uncouple nutrient catabolism from ATP generation to dissipate energy as heat. In humans, the brown fat tissue is composed of discrete depots found throughout the neck and trunk region. BAs originate from a precursor common to skeletal muscle, but their developmental trajectory remains poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the development of interscapular brown fat in mice. Our analysis identified a transient stage of BA differentiation characterized by the expression of the transcription factor GATA6. We show that recapitulating the sequence of signaling cues identified in mice can lead to efficient differentiation of BAs in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells. These precursors can in turn be efficiently converted into functional BAs that can respond to signals mimicking adrenergic stimuli by increasing their metabolism, resulting in heat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yannis Djeffal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jerome Chal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fabio Marchianò
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, The Turing Center for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Svetlana Gapon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Sefton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, The Turing Center for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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5
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Suthon S, Lin J, Perkins RS, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. Regulation and Function of FOXC1 in Osteoblasts. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 37754840 PMCID: PMC10531946 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, which bind to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), are important for proper bone mineral density. When women go through menopause, estrogen levels decrease, and there is a decrease in bone quality, along with an increased risk for fractures. We previously identified an enhancer near FOXC1 as the most significantly enriched binding site for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteoblasts. FOXC1 is a transcription factor belonging to a large group of proteins known as forkhead box genes and is an important regulator of bone formation. Here, we demonstrate that 17β-estradiol (E2) increases the mRNA and protein levels of FOXC1 in primary mouse and human osteoblasts. GATA4 is a pioneer factor for ERα and it is also recruited to enhancers near Foxc1. Knockdown of Gata4 in mouse osteoblasts in vitro decreases Foxc1 expression as does knockout of Gata4 in vivo. Functionally, GATA4 and FOXC1 interact and regulate osteoblast proteins such as RUNX2, as demonstrated by ChIP-reChIP and luciferase assays. The most enriched motif in GATA4 binding sites from ChIP-seq is for FOXC1, supporting the notion that GATA4 and FOXC1 cooperate in regulating osteoblast differentiation. Together, these data demonstrate the interactions of the transcription factors ERα, GATA4, and FOXC1 to regulate each other's expression and other osteoblast differentiation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jianjian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rachel S. Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Underhill EJ, Toettcher JE. Control of gastruloid patterning and morphogenesis by the Erk and Akt signaling pathways. Development 2023; 150:dev201663. [PMID: 37590131 PMCID: PMC11106667 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Many developmental processes rely on the localized activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and their canonical downstream effectors Erk and Akt, yet the specific roles played by each of these signals is still poorly understood. Gastruloids, 3D cell culture models of mammalian gastrulation and axial elongation, enable quantitative dissection of signaling patterns and cell responses in a simplified, experimentally accessible context. We find that mouse gastruloids contain posterior-to-anterior gradients of Erk and Akt phosphorylation induced by distinct receptor tyrosine kinases, with features of the Erk pattern and expression of its downstream target Snail exhibiting hallmarks of size-invariant scaling. Both Erk and Akt signaling contribute to cell proliferation, whereas Erk activation is also sufficient to induce Snail expression and precipitate profound tissue shape changes. We further uncover that Erk signaling is sufficient to convert the entire gastruloid to one of two mesodermal fates depending on position along the anteroposterior axis. In all, these data demonstrate functional roles for two core signaling gradients in mammalian development and suggest how these modules might be harnessed to engineer user-defined tissues with predictable shapes and cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J. Underhill
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jared E. Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Abe H, Kamimura K, Okuda S, Watanabe Y, Inoue J, Aoyagi Y, Wakai T, Kominami R, Terai S. BCL11B expression in hepatocellular carcinoma relates to chemosensitivity and clinical prognosis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15650-15663. [PMID: 37293953 PMCID: PMC10417273 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B (BCL11B) is a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes and functions in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis upon DNA replication stress and damages via transcription. Many malignancies were reported to exhibit changes in BCL11B gene expression; however, no study has focused on the relationship between BCL11B and hepatocellular carcinoma, which potentially exhibits DNA replication stress and damages upon its oncogenesis. Thus, in this study, we examined the molecular characterization of BCL11B expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS The cumulative progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly longer in the clinical cases of BCL11B-negative hepatocellular carcinoma than BCL11B-positve cases. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines indicated a correlation between BCL11B and GATA6, a gene reported to be correlated with oncogenic activities and resistance to anthracycline, which is often used for hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy. Consequently, BCL11B-overexpressing cell lines exhibited resistance to anthracycline in cell growth assays and the resistance has been evidenced by the increased expression of BCL-xL in cell lines. The results were supported by the analyses of human HCC samples showing the correlation between BCL11B and GATA6 expressions. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION Our results indicated that overexpression of BCL11B amplifies GATA6 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo that leads to anti-apoptotic signal activation, and induces resistance to chemotherapy, which influenced the postoperative prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
- Department of General MedicineNiigata University School of MedicineNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied BiosciencesTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | - Yutaka Aoyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNiigata Medical CenterNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataNiigataJapan
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Toyooka Y, Aoki K, Usami FM, Oka S, Kato A, Fujimori T. Generation of pulsatile ERK activity in mouse embryonic stem cells is regulated by Raf activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9465. [PMID: 37301878 PMCID: PMC10257726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a serine/threonine kinase that is known to regulate cellular events such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The ERK signaling pathway is activated by fibroblast growth factors, and is considered to be indispensable for the differentiation of primitive endoderm cells, not only in mouse preimplantation embryos, but also in embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture. To monitor ERK activity in living undifferentiated and differentiating ESCs, we established EKAREV-NLS-EB5 ESC lines that stably express EKAREV-NLS, a biosensor based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Using EKAREV-NLS-EB5, we found that ERK activity exhibited pulsatile dynamics. ESCs were classified into two groups: active cells showing high-frequency ERK pulses, and inactive cells demonstrating no detectable ERK pulses during live imaging. Pharmacological inhibition of major components in the ERK signaling pathway revealed that Raf plays an important role in determining the pattern of ERK pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Toyooka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsukawa Usami
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sanae Oka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Azusa Kato
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Li C, Dong X, Lin Y, Sun X, Cai L, Yang X, Cui Y, Qin L, Wang J. Establishing a human embryonic stem cell line (SKLRMe005-A) from a blastocyst with congenital heart disease (CHD). Stem Cell Res 2023; 68:103049. [PMID: 36805323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) is an important transcription factor of cardiovascular endothelial cells, has the potential to regulate the process of cardiac development. Consequently, its abnormal expression is related to congenital heart disease.Human GATA6 gene clones were on chromosome 18 q11.1- q 11.2, consists of 7 exons and 6 intron.Now, a human embryonic stem cell line with GATA6 c.620_647del (p.S208Afs*77) mutation was generated. Interestingly, the ESC line displayed a normal karyotype, pluripotency and morphology of stem cells.This cell line has the ability to undergo differentiation into three germ layers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianju Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Fang S, You M, Wei J, Chen P. Caveolin-1 is involved in fatty infiltration and bone-tendon healing of rotator cuff tear. Mol Med 2023; 29:33. [PMID: 36918760 PMCID: PMC10015686 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 has been predicted, based on RNA transcriptome sequencing, as a key gene in rotator cuff tear (RCT) and it is related to fatty infiltration. This study aims to elucidate the upstream and downstream mechanism of Caveolin-1 in fatty infiltration and bone-tendon healing after RCT in rat models. METHODS Differentially expressed genes related to RCT were screened, followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. GATA6 was overexpressed and Caveolin-1 was knocked down in tendon stem cells (TSCs) to evaluate their effects on the adipogenic differentiation of TSCs. In addition, a RCT rat model was constructed and injected with lentivirus carrying oe-GATA6, oe-Caveolin-1 alone or in combination to assess their roles in fatty infiltration and bone-tendon healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Caveolin-1 was identified as a key gene involved in the RCT process. In vitro results demonstrated that Caveolin-1 knockdown inhibited adipogenic differentiation of TSCs by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. GATA6 inhibited the transcription of Caveolin-1 and inhibited its expression, thus suppressing the adipogenic differentiation of TSCs. In vivo data confirmed that GATA6 overexpression activated the cAMP/PKA pathway by downregulating Caveolin-1 and consequently repressed fatty infiltration, promoted bone-tendon healing, improved biomechanical properties and reduced the rupture risk of injured tendon in rats after RCT. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mechanistic action of Caveolin-1 in the fatty infiltration and bone-tendon healing after RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Fang
- Department of Sports Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fujian Province, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengqiang You
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fujian Province, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fujian Province, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fujian Province, 350005, Fuzhou, China.
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11
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The Relationship between the Expression of GATA4 and GATA6 with the Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020252. [PMID: 36830789 PMCID: PMC9953151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA4 and GATA6 are transcription factors involved in the differentiation and development of PDAC. GATA6 expression is related to the classic molecular subtype, while its absence is related to the basal-like molecular subtype. The aim was to determine the clinical utility of IHC determination of GATA4 and GATA6 in a series of patients with resected PDAC. GATA4 and GATA6 expression was studied by IHC in TMA samples of normal tissue, PanIN, tumor tissue and lymph node metastases from a series of 89 patients with resected PDAC. Its relationship with clinicopathologic variables and the outcome was investigated. Seventy-two (81%) tumors were GATA6+ and 37 (42%) were GATA4+. While GATA4 expression was reduced during tumor progression, GATA6 expression remained highly conserved, except in lymph node metastases. All patients with early stages and well-differentiated tumors were GATA6+. The absence of GATA4 expression was related to smoking. Patients with GATA4+ or GATA6+ tumors had significantly lower Ca 19.9 levels. The expression of GATA4 and GATA6 was related to DFS, being more favorable in the GATA4+/GATA6+ group. The determination of the expression of GATA4 and GATA6 by IHC is feasible and provides complementary clinical and prognostic information that can help improve the stratification of patients with PDAC.
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12
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Moauro A, Kruger RE, O'Hagan D, Ralston A. Fluorescent Reporters Distinguish Stem Cell Colony Subtypes During Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:353-362. [PMID: 36342671 PMCID: PMC9805857 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming was first developed to create induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Since that time, the highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the reprogramming process has come to be appreciated. Remarkably, a distinct type of stem cell, called induced extraembryonic endoderm (iXEN) stem cell, is also formed during reprogramming of mouse somatic cells by ectopic expression of the transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM). The mechanisms leading somatic cells to adopt differing stem cell fates are challenging to resolve given that formation of either stem cell type is slow, stochastic, and rare. For these reasons, fluorescent gene expression reporters have provided an invaluable tool for revealing the path from the somatic state to pluripotency. However, no such reporters have been established for comparable studies of iXEN cell formation. In this study, we examined the expression of multiple fluorescent reporters, including Nanog, Oct4, and the endodermal genes, Gata4 and Gata6-alone and in combination, during reprogramming. We show that only simultaneous evaluation of Nanog and Gata4 reliably distinguishes iPS and iXEN cell colonies during reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moauro
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- D.O.-Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin E. Kruger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel O'Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy Ralston
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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Alajbegovic A, Daoud F, Ali N, Kawka K, Holmberg J, Albinsson S. Transcription factor GATA6 promotes migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1054819. [PMID: 36523548 PMCID: PMC9744938 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1054819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell plasticity plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Despite compelling evidence demonstrating the importance of transcription factor GATA6 in vascular smooth muscle, the functional role of GATA6 remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of GATA6 on cell migration and to gain insight into GATA6-sensitive genes in smooth muscle. We found that overexpression of GATA6 promotes migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro, and that silencing of GATA6 in smooth muscle cells resulted in reduced cellular motility. Furthermore, a complete microarray screen of GATA6-sensitive gene transcription resulted in 739 upregulated and 248 downregulated genes. Pathways enrichment analysis showed involvement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling which was validated by measuring mRNA expression level of several members. Furthermore, master regulators prediction based on microarray data revealed several members of (mitogen activated protein kinase) MAPK pathway as a master regulators, reflecting involvement of MAPK pathway also. Our findings provide further insights into the functional role of GATA6 in vascular smooth muscle and suggest that targeting GATA6 may constitute as a new approach to inhibit vascular smooth muscle migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Alajbegovic
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fatima Daoud
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Neserin Ali
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Kawka
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Khazamipour A, Gholampour-Faroji N, Zeraati T, Vakilian F, Haddad-Mashadrizeh A, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Pasdar A. A novel causative functional mutation in GATA6 gene is responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy as supported by in silico functional analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13752. [PMID: 35962153 PMCID: PMC9374661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the most common types of cardiomyopathies has a heterogeneous nature and can be seen in Mendelian forms. Next Generation Sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying novel variants in monogenic disorders. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing techniques to identify the causative mutation of DCM in an Iranian pedigree. We found a novel variant in the GATA6 gene, leading to substituting Histidine by Tyrosine at position 329, observed in all affected family members in the pedigree, whereas it was not established in any of the unaffected ones. We hypothesized that the H329Y mutation may be causative for the familial pattern of DCM in this family. The predicted models of GATA6 and H329Y showed the high quality according to PROCHECK and ERRAT. Nonetheless, simulation results revealed that the protein stability decreased after mutation, while the flexibility may have been increased. Hence, the mutation led to the increased compactness of GATA6. Overall, these data indicated that the mutation could affect the protein structure, which may be related to the functional impairment of GATA6 upon H329Y mutation, likewise their involvement in pathologies. Further functional investigations would help elucidating the exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Khazamipour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nazanin Gholampour-Faroji
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Zeraati
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farveh Vakilian
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haddad-Mashadrizeh
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. .,Bioinformatics Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Kurz J, Weiss AC, Lüdtke THW, Deuper L, Trowe MO, Thiesler H, Hildebrandt H, Heineke J, Duncan SA, Kispert A. GATA6 is a crucial factor for Myocd expression in the visceral smooth muscle cell differentiation program of the murine ureter. Development 2022; 149:dev200522. [PMID: 35905011 PMCID: PMC10656427 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are a crucial component of the mesenchymal wall of the ureter, as they account for the efficient removal of the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder by means of their contractile activity. Here, we show that the zinc-finger transcription factor gene Gata6 is expressed in mesenchymal precursors of ureteric SMCs under the control of BMP4 signaling. Mice with a conditional loss of Gata6 in these precursors exhibit a delayed onset and reduced level of SMC differentiation and peristaltic activity, as well as dilatation of the ureter and renal pelvis (hydroureternephrosis) at birth and at postnatal stages. Molecular profiling revealed a delayed and reduced expression of the myogenic driver gene Myocd, but the activation of signaling pathways and transcription factors previously implicated in activation of the visceral SMC program in the ureter was unchanged. Additional gain-of-function experiments suggest that GATA6 cooperates with FOXF1 in Myocd activation and SMC differentiation, possibly as pioneer and lineage-determining factors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kurz
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H.-W. Lüdtke
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Deuper
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institut für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institut für Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Abteilung für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, European Center for Angioscience, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephen A. Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Rao KS, Kameswaran V, Bruneau BG. Modeling congenital heart disease: lessons from mice, hPSC-based models, and organoids. Genes Dev 2022; 36:652-663. [PMID: 35835508 PMCID: PMC9296004 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349678.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Rao et al. contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. They also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common birth defects, but their etiology has long been mysterious. In recent decades, the development of a variety of experimental models has led to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of CHDs. In this review, we contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. We also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha S Rao
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Vasumathi Kameswaran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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17
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Okwuofu EO, Hui AYC, Woei JLC, Stanslas J. Molecular and Immunomodulatory Actions of New Antiasthmatic Agents: Exploring the Diversity of Biologics in Th2 Endotype Asthma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106280. [PMID: 35661709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a major respiratory disorder characterised by chronic inflammation and airway remodelling. It affects about 1-8% of the global population and is responsible for over 461,000 deaths annually. Until recently, the pharmacotherapy of severe asthma involved high doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with β-agonist for prolonged action, including theophylline, leukotriene antagonist or anticholinergic yielding limited benefit. Although the use of newer agents to target Th2 asthma endotypes has improved therapeutic outcomes in severe asthmatic conditions, there seems to be a paucity of understanding the diverse mechanisms through which these classes of drugs act. This article delineates the molecular and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of new antiasthmatic agents currently being trialled in preclinical and clinical studies to remit asthmatic conditions. The ultimate goal in developing antiasthmatic agents is based on two types of approaches: either anti-inflammatory or bronchodilators. Biologic and most small molecules have been shown to modulate specific asthma endotypes, targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tryptase, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Janus kinase, PD-L1/PD-L2, GATA-3, and CD38 for the treatment and management of Th2 endotype asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oshiogwe Okwuofu
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Jonathan Lim Chee Woei
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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Mubeen H, Farooq M, Rehman AU, Zubair M, Haque A. Gene expression and transcriptional regulation driven by transcription factors involved in congenital heart defects. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:595-604. [PMID: 35441975 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important birth defects caused by more than one mutated gene. Mutations in the genes could cause different types of congenital heart defects including atrial septal defect (ASD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). OBJECTIVES Cardiac transcription factors are key players for heart development and are actively involved in controlling stress regulation of the heart. Transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that control the process of transcription and work in a synergistic manner. We aim to characterize core cardiac transcription factors including NKX2-5, TBX, SRF, GATA4, and MEF2, which encode homeobox and MADS domain and play a crucial role in heart development. METHODS In this study, we have explored the important transcription factors involved in cardiac development and genes controlling the expression and regulation process by using the bioinformatics approach. RESULTS We have predicted the orthologs and homologs based on their evolutionary history, conserved protein domains, functional sites, and 3D structures for better understanding and presentation of factors responsible for causing CHD. Results showed the importance of these transcription factors for normal heart functioning and development. CONCLUSION Understanding the molecular pathways and genetic basis of CHD will help to open a new door for the treatment of patients with cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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19
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Implication of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020289. [PMID: 35203499 PMCID: PMC8869546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, is widely recognized as a critical player in gut homeostasis maintenance as it ensures the complex crosstalk between gut microbes (both commensals and pathogens) and the host immune system. Highly specialized epithelial cells constantly cope with several protective and harmful agents to maintain the multiple physiological functions of the barrier as well as its integrity. However, both genetic defects and environmental factors can break such equilibrium, thus promoting gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, and even the development of chronic pathological conditions. Here, we review and discuss the molecular and cellular pathways underlying intestinal barrier structural and functional homeostasis, focusing on potential alterations that may undermine this fine balance.
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20
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Dexamethasone Induces Apoptosis of Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells Through the GATA-6/Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/p38 MAPK Pathway. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:1335-1340. [PMID: 34991115 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) causes cleft palate at high rates. Our previous studies proved that GATA binding protein 6 (GATA-6)/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) mediated apoptosis is related to DEX-induced cleft palate, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. The goal of this research was to understand the mechanism of apoptosis in cleft palate formation induced by DEX. Palatal mesenchymal cells from mouse embryos on embryonic day 13 were isolated as the experimental group, GATA-6 was silenced by GATA-6 small interfering Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and Western Blot were applied to detect cell proliferation ability, cell cycle, the proportion of apoptotic cells, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins of GATA-6 knockdown palatal mesenchymal cells. Further proteins on the BMP-2/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were detected using Western Blot. T results showed that knockdown of GATA-6 by siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Bone morphogenetic protein-2/P38 mitogen Activated protein kinase (P38 MARK) pathway proteins decreased significantly among the GATA-6 knockdown group, DEX-cleft palate group and control +DEX groups. The results indicated that the GATA-6/BMP-2/P38 MAPK athway was involved in the apoptosis caused by GATA-6 silencing, which may be the possible mechanism of DEX inducing cleft palate.
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21
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Filimonow K, de la Fuente R. Specification and role of extraembryonic endoderm lineages in the periimplantation mouse embryo. Theriogenology 2021; 180:189-206. [PMID: 34998083 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian embryo development, the correct formation of the first extraembryonic endoderm lineages is fundamental for successful development. In the periimplantation blastocyst, the primitive endoderm (PrE) is formed, which gives rise to the parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE) during further developmental stages. These PrE-derived lineages show significant differences in both their formation and roles. Whereas differentiation of the PE as a migratory lineage has been suggested to represent the first epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in development, organisation of the epithelial VE is of utmost importance for the correct axis definition and patterning of the embryo. Despite sharing a common origin, the striking differences between the VE and PE are indicative of their distinct roles in early development. However, there is a significant disparity in the current knowledge of each lineage, which reflects the need for a deeper understanding of their respective specification processes. In this review, we will discuss the origin and maturation of the PrE, PE, and VE during the periimplantation period using the mouse model as an example. Additionally, we consider the latest findings regarding the role of the PrE-derived lineages and early embryo morphogenesis, as obtained from the most recent in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Filimonow
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Roberto de la Fuente
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
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22
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Huang GJ, Xie XL, Zou Y. MiR-23b targets GATA6 to down-regulate IGF-1 and promote the development of congenital heart disease. Acta Cardiol 2021; 77:375-384. [PMID: 34582317 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1948207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most universal congenital defect disease. This study explores the interrelationship between miR-23b and GTAT6 in the development of CHD. METHODS We collected clinical samples and constructed in vitro cell models to evaluate the expression of miR-23b, GATA6, and IGF-1. CHD cell models were constructed by hypoxia in H9C2 cells. The expression levels of GATA6 and IGF-1 in H9C2 cells were determined by western blot and qPCR. MiR-23b was knocked down by transfection miR-23b inhibitor. GATA6 knockdown or overexpression vectors were established by the lentiviral approach and cell transfection, respectively. According to the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, the proliferation and apoptosis of H9C2 cells were detected. The binding relationship between GATA6 and miR-23b was detected by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The expression level of miR-23b was escalated abnormally, while the expression levels of GATA6 and IGF-1 were decreased in the serum of CHD clinical patients and cell models. miR-23b knockdown in H9C2 cells could up-regulate the expression of GATA6, thus improved the proliferation and decreased apoptosis of H9C2 cells. Overexpression of GATA6 could up-regulate IGF-1 to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in H9C2 cells. MiR-23b could target GATA6 and regulated IGF-1, thus affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The expression level of miR-23b was remarkably up-regulated in serum of CHD patients and H9C2 cells in vitro, while the expression of GATA6 and IGF-1 was significantly decreased. MiR-23b could influence the proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by targeting the down-regulation of the GATA6/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jin Huang
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xue-Liang Xie
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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23
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Thomas S, Manivannan S, Sawant D, Kodigepalli KM, Garg V, Conway SJ, Lilly B. miR-145 transgenic mice develop cardiopulmonary complications leading to postnatal death. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15013. [PMID: 34523259 PMCID: PMC8440944 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both downregulation and elevation of microRNA miR-145 has been linked to an array of cardiopulmonary phenotypes, and a host of studies suggest that it is an important contributor in governing the differentiation of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cell types. METHODS AND RESULTS To better understand the role of elevated miR-145 in utero within the cardiopulmonary system, we utilized a transgene to overexpress miR-145 embryonically in mice and examined the consequences of this lineage-restricted enhanced expression. Overexpression of miR-145 has detrimental effects that manifest after birth as overexpressor mice are unable to survive beyond postnatal day 18. The miR-145 expressing mice exhibit respiratory distress and fail to thrive. Gross analysis revealed an enlarged right ventricle, and pulmonary dysplasia with vascular hypertrophy. Single cell sequencing of RNA derived from lungs of control and miR-145 transgenic mice demonstrated that miR-145 overexpression had global effects on the lung with an increase in immune cells and evidence of leukocyte extravasation associated with vascular inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These data provide novel findings that demonstrate a pathological role for miR-145 in the cardiopulmonary system that extends beyond its normal function in governing smooth muscle differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Heart Arrest/genetics
- Heart Arrest/metabolism
- Heart Arrest/mortality
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Mortality, Premature
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Thomas
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart CenterNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Dwitiya Sawant
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart CenterNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Karthik M. Kodigepalli
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart CenterNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart CenterNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Simon J. Conway
- HB Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Brenda Lilly
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart CenterNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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24
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Tuysuz EC, Ozbey U, Gulluoglu S, Kuskucu A, Sahin F, Bayrak OF. miRNAs as cell fate determinants of lateral and paraxial mesoderm differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Dev Biol 2021; 478:212-221. [PMID: 34245726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, the role of miRNAs on pluripotency and differentiation of ESCs into specific lineages has been studied extensively. However, the specific role of miRNAs during lateral and paraxial mesoderm cell fate decision is still unclear. To address this, we firstly determined miRNA profile of mouse ESCs differentiating towards lateral and paraxial lineages which were detected using Flk1 and PDGFαR antibodies, and of myogenic and hematopoietic differentiation potential of purified paraxial and lateral mesodermal cells within these populations. miRNAs associated with lateral and paraxial mesoderm, and their targets were identified using bioinformatics tools. The targets of the corresponding miRNAs were validated after transfection into mouse ESCs. The roles of the selected miRNAs in lateral, and paraxial mesoderm formation were assessed along with hematopoietic and myogenic differentiation capacity. Among the miRNAs, mmu-miR-126a-3p, mmu-miR-335-5p and mmu-miR-672-5p, upregulated in lateral mesoderm cells, and mmu-miR-10b-5p, mmu-miR-196a-5p and mmu-miR-615-3p, upregulated in paraxial mesoderm cells. While transient co-transfection of mmu-miR-126a-3p, mmu-miR-335-5p and mmu-miR-672-5p increased the number of lateral mesodermal cells, co-transfection of mmu-miR-10b-5p, mmu-miR-196a-5p and mmu-miR-615-3p increased the number of paraxial mesodermal cells. Moreover, differentiation potential of the lateral mesodermal cells into hematopoietic cell lineage increased upon co-transfection of mmu-miR-126a-3p, mmu-miR-335-5p and mmu-miR-672-5p and differentiation potential of the paraxial mesodermal cells into skeletal muscle lineage were increased upon co-transfection of mmu-miR-10b-5p, mmu-miR-196a-5p and mmu-miR-615-3p. In conclusion, we determined the miRNA profile of lateral and paraxial mesodermal cells and co-transfection of miRNAs increased differentiation potential of both lateral and paraxial mesodermal cells transiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Ozbey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Gulluoglu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kuskucu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Alajem A, Roth H, Ratgauzer S, Bavli D, Motzik A, Lahav S, Peled I, Ram O. DNA methylation patterns expose variations in enhancer-chromatin modifications during embryonic stem cell differentiation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009498. [PMID: 33844685 PMCID: PMC8062104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, cellular identity is defined through strict regulation of chromatin modifications and DNA methylation that control gene expression. Methylation of cytosines at CpG sites in the genome is mainly associated with suppression; however, the reason for enhancer-specific methylation is not fully understood. We used sequential ChIP-bisulfite-sequencing for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac histone marks. By collecting data from the same genomic region, we identified enhancers differentially methylated between these two marks. We observed a global gain of CpG methylation primarily in H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. This gain occurred largely in enhancer regions that regulate genes critical for differentiation. The higher levels of DNA methylation in H3K4me1- versus H3K27ac-marked enhancers, despite it being the same genomic region, indicates cellular heterogeneity of enhancer states. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq profiles demonstrated that this heterogeneity correlates with gene expression during differentiation. Furthermore, heterogeneity of enhancer methylation correlates with transcription start site methylation. Our results provide insights into enhancer-based functional variation in complex biological systems. Cellular dynamics are underlined by numerous regulatory layers. The regulatory mechanism of interest in this work are enhancers. Enhancers are regulatory regions responsible, mainly, for increasing the possibility of transcription of a certain gene. Enhancers are marked by two distinct chemical groups-H3K4me1 and H3K27ac on the tail of histones. Histones are the proteins responsible for DNA packaging into condensed chromatin structure. In contrast, DNA methylation is a chemical modification often found on enhancers, and is traditionally associated with repression. A long-debated question revolves around the functional relevance of DNA methylation in the context of enhancers. Here, we combined the two regulatory layers, histone marks and DNA methylation, to a single measurement that can highlight DNA methylation separately on each histone mark but at the same genomic region. When isolated with H3K4me1, enhancers showed higher levels of methylation compared to H3K27ac. As we measured the same genomic locations, we show that differences of DNA methylation between these marks can only be explained by cellular heterogeneity. We also demonstrated that these enhancers tend to play roles in stem cell differentiation and expression levels of the genes they control correlate with cell-to-cell variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Alajem
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hava Roth
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sofia Ratgauzer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danny Bavli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Motzik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomtzion Lahav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itay Peled
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Ram
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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26
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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27
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Cao Y, Tian Y, Liu Y, Su Z. Reg3β: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Tissue Injury and Inflammation-Associated Disorders. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:160-170. [PMID: 33426979 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1869731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since regenerating islet-derived 3β (Reg3β) was first reported, various studies have been conducted to explore the involvement of Reg3β in a gamut of maladies, such as diabetes, pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and extrapancreatic maladies such as inflammatory bowel disease, acute liver failure, and myocardial infarction. Surprisingly, there is currently no systematic review of Reg3β. Therefore, we summarize the structural characteristics, transcriptional regulation, putative receptors, and signaling pathways of Reg3β. The exact functional roles in various diseases, especially gastrointestinal and liver diseases, are also discussed. Reg3β plays multiple roles in promoting proliferation, inducing differentiation, preventing apoptosis, and resisting bacteria. The present review may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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28
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Fan Y, Gu X, Zhang J, Sinn K, Klepetko W, Wu N, Foris V, Solymosi P, Kwapiszewska G, Kuebler WM. TWIST1 Drives Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Hypertension via Loss of GATA-6 and BMPR2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1283-1296. [PMID: 32692930 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201909-1884oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor TWIST1 (Twist-related protein 1) controls cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue development and disease processes. Recently, endothelial TWIST1 has been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, yet the role of TWIST1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remains so far unclear.Objectives: To define the role of TWIST1 in SMCs in the pathogenesis of PH.Methods: SMC-specific TWIST1-deficient mice, SMC-specific TWIST1 silencing in rats, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to delineate the role of SMC TWIST1 in PH.Measurements and Main Results: In pulmonary vessels from patients with PH and rodent PH models, TWIST1 expression was markedly increased and predominantly localized to SMCs. SMC-specific TWIST1 deficiency or silencing attenuated the development of PH and distal vessel muscularization in chronically hypoxic mice and in monocrotaline-treated rats. In vitro, TWIST1 inhibition or silencing prevented pulmonary artery SMC proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, the observed effects were mediated, at least in part, by TWIST1-dependent degradation of GATA-6 (GATA-binding protein 6). BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2) was identified as a novel downstream target of GATA-6, which directly binds to its promoter. Inhibition of TWIST1 promoted the recruitment of GATA-6 to the BMPR2 promoter and restored BMPR2 functional expression.Conclusions: Our findings identify a key role for SMC TWIST1 in the pathogenesis of lung vascular remodeling and in PH that is partially mediated via reduced GATA-6-dependent BMPR2 expression. Inhibition of SMC TWIST1 may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, and
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, and
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip Solymosi
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | | | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
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29
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Sharma A, Wasson LK, Willcox JA, Morton SU, Gorham JM, DeLaughter DM, Neyazi M, Schmid M, Agarwal R, Jang MY, Toepfer CN, Ward T, Kim Y, Pereira AC, DePalma SR, Tai A, Kim S, Conner D, Bernstein D, Gelb BD, Chung WK, Goldmuntz E, Porter G, Tristani-Firouzi M, Srivastava D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. GATA6 mutations in hiPSCs inform mechanisms for maldevelopment of the heart, pancreas, and diaphragm. eLife 2020; 9:53278. [PMID: 33054971 PMCID: PMC7593088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaging GATA6 variants cause cardiac outflow tract defects, sometimes with pancreatic and diaphragmic malformations. To define molecular mechanisms for these diverse developmental defects, we studied transcriptional and epigenetic responses to GATA6 loss of function (LoF) and missense variants during cardiomyocyte differentiation of isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells. We show that GATA6 is a pioneer factor in cardiac development, regulating SMYD1 that activates HAND2, and KDR that with HAND2 orchestrates outflow tract formation. LoF variants perturbed cardiac genes and also endoderm lineage genes that direct PDX1 expression and pancreatic development. Remarkably, an exon 4 GATA6 missense variant, highly associated with extra-cardiac malformations, caused ectopic pioneer activities, profoundly diminishing GATA4, FOXA1/2, and PDX1 expression and increasing normal retinoic acid signaling that promotes diaphragm development. These aberrant epigenetic and transcriptional signatures illuminate the molecular mechanisms for cardiovascular malformations, pancreas and diaphragm dysgenesis that arise in patients with distinct GATA6 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jon Al Willcox
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - Meraj Neyazi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmid
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Radhika Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Min Young Jang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tarsha Ward
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven R DePalma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Angela Tai
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Seongwon Kim
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - George Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | | | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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30
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Lee J, Choi JH. Deciphering Macrophage Phenotypes upon Lipid Uptake and Atherosclerosis. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e22. [PMID: 32655970 PMCID: PMC7327152 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the progression of atherosclerosis, macrophages are the key immune cells for foam cell formation. During hyperlipidemic condition, phagocytic cells such as monocytes and macrophages uptake oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) accumulated in subintimal space, and lipid droplets are accumulated in their cytosols. In this review, we discussed the characteristics and phenotypic changes of macrophages in atherosclerosis and the effect of cytosolic lipid accumulation on macrophage phenotype. Due to macrophage plasticity, the inflammatory phenotypes triggered by oxLDL can be re-programmed by cytosolic lipid accumulation, showing downregulation of NF-κB activation followed by activation of anti-inflammatory genes, leading to tissue repair and homeostasis. We also discuss about various in vivo and in vitro models for atherosclerosis research and next generation sequencing technologies for foam cell gene expression profiling. Analysis of the phenotypic changes of macrophages during the progression of atherosclerosis with adequate approach may lead to exact understandings of the cellular mechanisms and hint therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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31
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Chia CY, Madrigal P, Denil SLIJ, Martinez I, Garcia-Bernardo J, El-Khairi R, Chhatriwala M, Shepherd MH, Hattersley AT, Dunn NR, Vallier L. GATA6 Cooperates with EOMES/SMAD2/3 to Deploy the Gene Regulatory Network Governing Human Definitive Endoderm and Pancreas Formation. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:57-70. [PMID: 30629940 PMCID: PMC6335596 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous de novo mutations in GATA6 are the most frequent cause of pancreatic agenesis in humans. In mice, however, a similar phenotype requires the biallelic loss of Gata6 and its paralog Gata4. To elaborate the human-specific requirements for GATA6, we chose to model GATA6 loss in vitro by combining both gene-edited and patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and directed differentiation toward β-like cells. We find that GATA6 heterozygous hPSCs show a modest reduction in definitive endoderm (DE) formation, while GATA6-null hPSCs fail to enter the DE lineage. Consistent with these results, genome-wide studies show that GATA6 binds and cooperates with EOMES/SMAD2/3 to regulate the expression of cardinal endoderm genes. The early deficit in DE is accompanied by a significant reduction in PDX1+ pancreatic progenitors and C-PEPTIDE+ β-like cells. Taken together, our data position GATA6 as a gatekeeper to early human, but not murine, pancreatic ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y Chia
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon L I J Denil
- Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Iker Martinez
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maggie H Shepherd
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Level 3 RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX25DW, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Level 3 RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX25DW, UK
| | - N Ray Dunn
- Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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32
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Fan Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Yang F, Hu Y, Zhang L, Zeng C, Xu Q. Protective Role of RNA Helicase DEAD-Box Protein 5 in Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Vascular Remodeling. Circ Res 2020; 124:e84-e100. [PMID: 30879402 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE RNA helicases, highly conserved enzymes, are currently believed to be not only involved in RNA modulation, but also in other biological processes. We recently reported that RNA helicase DDX (DEAD-box protein)-5 is required for maintaining the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, the expression and function of RNA helicase in vascular physiology and disease is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of RNA helicase in vascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS We showed here that DDX-5 was the most abundant DEAD-box protein expressed in human and rodent artery, which mainly located in SMCs. It was demonstrated that DDX-5 levels were reduced in cytokine-stimulated SMCs and vascular lesions. DDX-5 knocking down or deficiency increased SMC proliferation and migration, whereas overexpression of DDX-5 prevented aberrant proliferation and migration of SMCs. Mechanistic studies revealed transcription factor GATA (GATA-binding protein)-6 as a novel downstream target of DDX-5, which directly interacted with GATA-6 and protected it from MDM (mouse double minute)-2-mediated degradation. Our ChIP assay identified a previously unreported binding of p27Kip1 promoter to GATA-6. DDX-5 increased the recruitment of GATA-6 to p27Kip1 promoter, which enhanced p27Kip1 expression and maintained SMC quiescence. Finally, we showed exacerbated neointima formation in DDX-5 SMC-deficient mice after femoral artery injury, whereas overexpression of DDX-5 potently inhibited vascular remodeling in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence for a role of RNA helicase DDX-5 in the protection against SMC proliferation, migration, and neointimal hyperplasia. Our data extend the fundamental role of RNA helicase beyond RNA modulation, which provides the basic information for new therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- From the Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital (Y.F., J.Z.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yikuan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China (Y.C.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital (Y.F., J.Z.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., L.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., L.Z., Q.X.)
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital (C.Z.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., L.Z., Q.X.).,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Y.H., Q.X.)
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33
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Kaneda-Ikeda E, Iwata T, Mizuno N, Nagahara T, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Hirata R, Ishida S, Yoshioka M, Fujita T, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H. Periodontal ligament cells regulate osteogenesis via miR-299-5p in mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2020; 112:47-57. [PMID: 31951879 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periodontal ligament contains periodontal ligament cells, which is a heterogeneous cell population, and includes progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various cells and can be used for periodontal regenerative therapy. Therefore, transplanted MSCs can be affected by humoral factors from periodontal ligament cells via the transcription factors or microRNAs (miRNAs) of MSCs. In addition, periostin (POSTN) is secreted from HPL cells and can regulate periodontal regeneration and homeostasis. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of humoral factors from periodontal ligament cells, we attempted to identify key genes, specifically microRNAs, involved in this process. METHODS Human MSCs (hMSCs) were indirectly co-cultured with human periodontal ligament cells (HPL cells) and then evaluated for osteogenesis, undifferentiated MSCs markers, and miRNA profiles. Furthermore, hMSCs were indirectly co-cultured with HPL cells in the presence of anti-POSTN monoclonal antibody (anti-POSTN Ab) to block the effect of POSTN from HPL cells, and then evaluated for osteogenesis or undifferentiated MSC markers. Moreover, hMSCs showed alterations in miRNA expression or cultured with HPL were challenged with POSTN during osteogenesis, and cells were evaluated for osteogenesis or undifferentiated MSC markers. RESULTS hMSCs co-cultured with HPL cells showed suppressed osteogenesis and characteristic expression of SOX11, an undifferentiated MSC marker, as well as miR-299-5p. Overexpression of miR-299-5p regulated osteogenesis and SOX11 expression as observed with indirect co-culture with HPL cells. Furthermore, MSCs co-cultured with HPL cells were recovered from the suppression of osteogenesis and SOX11 mRNA expression by anti-POSTN Ab. However, POSTN induced miR-299-5p and SOX11 expression, and enhanced osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Humoral factors from HPL cells suppressed osteogenesis in hMSCs. The suppressive effect was mediated by miR-299-5p and SOX11 in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kaneda-Ikeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Biological Endodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Reika Hirata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shu Ishida
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Minami Yoshioka
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Sun Z, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Genetic and Functional Variants Analysis of the GATA6 Gene Promoter in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Genet 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 31781165 PMCID: PMC6851265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which is a specific type of coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by the combination of genetic factors and acquired environment. Although some common genetic variations have been recorded to contribute to the development of CAD and AMI, more genetic factors and potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The GATA6 gene is expressed in the heart during embryogenesis and is also detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), different human primary endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular ECs in mice. To date, no studies have directly linked GATA6 gene with regulation of the CAD. Methods: In this study, we used a case-control study to investigate and analyze the genetic variations and functional variations of the GATA6 gene promoter region in AMI patients and controls. A variety of statistical analysis methods were utilized to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AMI. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants (DSVs) was performed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. In vitro, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was selected to examine DNA-protein interactions. Results: A total of 705 subjects were enrolled in the study. Ten DSVs were found in AMI patients (n = 352) and controls (n = 353), including seven SNPs. One novel heterozygous DSV, (g.22168409 A > G), and two SNPs, [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760) and g.22168521 G > T(rs1445501474)], were reported in three AMI patients, which were not found in controls. The relevant statistical analysis, including allele and genotype frequencies between AMI patients and controls, five genetic models, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis, and SNP–SNP interactions, suggested no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The transcriptional activity of GATA6 gene promoter was significantly increased by the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)]. The EMSA revealed that the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] evidently influenced the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] may increase GATA6 levels in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. Whether the two variants identified in the GATA6 gene promoter can promote the development and progression of human AMI by altering GATA6 levels still requires further studies to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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35
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Padula SL, Anand D, Hoang TV, Chaffee BR, Liu L, Liang C, Lachke SA, Robinson ML. High-throughput transcriptome analysis reveals that the loss of Pten activates a novel NKX6-1/RASGRP1 regulatory module to rescue microphthalmia caused by Fgfr2-deficient lenses. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1391-1407. [PMID: 31691004 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
FGFR signaling is critical to development and disease pathogenesis, initiating phosphorylation-driven signaling cascades, notably the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3 K-AKT cascades. PTEN antagonizes FGFR signaling by reducing AKT and ERK activation. Mouse lenses lacking FGFR2 exhibit microphakia and reduced ERK and AKT phosphorylation, widespread apoptosis, and defective lens fiber cell differentiation. In contrast, simultaneous deletion of both Fgfr2 and Pten restores ERK and AKT activation levels as well as lens size, cell survival and aspects of fiber cell differentiation; however, the molecular basis of this "rescue" remains undefined. We performed transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of mouse lenses with conditional deletion of Fgfr2, Pten or both Fgfr2 and Pten, which reveal new molecular mechanisms that uncover how FGFR2 and PTEN signaling interact during development. The FGFR2-deficient lens transcriptome demonstrates overall loss of fiber cell identity with deregulated expression of 1448 genes. We find that ~ 60% of deregulated genes return to normal expression levels in lenses lacking both Fgfr2 and Pten. Further, application of customized filtering parameters to these RNA-seq data sets identified 68 high-priority candidate genes. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the cis-binding motif of a high-priority homeodomain transcription factor, NKX6-1, was present in the putative promoters of ~ 78% of these candidates. Finally, biochemical reporter assays demonstrate that NKX6-1 activated the expression of the high-priority candidate Rasgrp1, a RAS-activating protein. Together, these data define a novel regulatory module in which NKX6-1 directly activates Rasgrp1 expression to restore the balance of ERK and AKT activation, thus providing new insights into alternate regulation of FGFR downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Thanh V Hoang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Blake R Chaffee
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Välimäki MJ, Ruskoaho HJ. Targeting GATA4 for cardiac repair. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:68-79. [PMID: 31419020 PMCID: PMC6973159 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies have been applied to replace the loss of cardiomyocytes in order to restore reduced cardiac function and prevent the progression of heart disease. Intensive research efforts in the field of cellular reprogramming and cell transplantation may eventually lead to efficient in vivo applications for the treatment of cardiac injuries, representing a novel treatment strategy for regenerative medicine. Modulation of cardiac transcription factor (TF) networks by chemical entities represents another viable option for therapeutic interventions. Comprehensive screening projects have revealed a number of molecular entities acting on molecular pathways highly critical for cellular lineage commitment and differentiation, including compounds targeting Wnt- and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-signaling. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that GATA4 and NKX2-5 are essential TFs in gene regulation of cardiac development and hypertrophy. For example, both of these TFs are required to fully activate mechanical stretch-responsive genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). We have previously reported that the compound 3i-1000 efficiently inhibited the synergy of the GATA4-NKX2-5 interaction. Cellular effects of 3i-1000 have been further characterized in a number of confirmatory in vitro bioassays, including rat cardiac myocytes and animal models of ischemic injury and angiotensin II-induced pressure overload, suggesting the potential for small molecule-induced cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Santos Rizzo Zuttion MS, Dias Câmara DA, Dariolli R, Takimura C, Wenceslau C, Kerkis I. In vitro heterogeneity of porcine adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:51-60. [PMID: 31133246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific adult stem cells (ASC) are heterogeneous and characterized by a mix of progenitor cells that produce cells at various stages of differentiation, and ultimately different terminally differentiated cells. Understanding the heterogeneity of ASCs may lead to the development of improved protocols of cell isolation and optimized cell therapy clinical protocols. Using a combination of enzymatic and explant culture protocols, we obtained pADSC population, which is composed by two distinct morphologies: fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) and endothelial-like cells (ELCs). Both cell sub-types efficiently formed colonies, expressed CD90+/CD105+/CD44+, and differentially expressed such markers such as Nestin, Vimentin, Fibronectin, Cytokeratin, Connexin 43, CD31, CD34 and CD146 as well as the pluripotent stem cell markers Oct-4, Nanog and Sox2. Mixed populations of pADSCs did not lose their multipotentiality and the cells were able to undergo osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the mixed population spontaneously formed capillary tube structures. Our findings suggest that different subpopulations can be isolated from adipose tissue and that the ADSCs need to be better evaluated using a wide panel of different markers related to cell differentiation, which is important for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine, particularly for advanced stem cells therapies - products that are currently under investigation or even use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Sanches Santos Rizzo Zuttion
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo, R. Sena Madureira, 1500 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil.
| | - Diana Aparecida Dias Câmara
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo, R. Sena Madureira, 1500 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil: Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil.
| | - Celso Takimura
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil: Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Wenceslau
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Irina Kerkis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo, R. Sena Madureira, 1500 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil.
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38
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Thangavel C, Gomes CM, Zderic SA, Javed E, Addya S, Singh J, Das S, Birbe R, Den RB, Rattan S, Deshpande DA, Penn RB, Chacko S, Boopathi E. NF-κB and GATA-Binding Factor 6 Repress Transcription of Caveolins in Bladder Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:847-867. [PMID: 30707892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caveolins (CAVs) are structural proteins of caveolae that function as signaling platforms to regulate smooth muscle contraction. Loss of CAV protein expression is associated with impaired contraction in obstruction-induced bladder smooth muscle (BSM) hypertrophy. In this study, microarray analysis of bladder RNA revealed down-regulation of CAV1, CAV2, and CAV3 gene transcription in BSM from models of obstructive bladder disease in mice and humans. We identified and characterized regulatory regions responsible for CAV1, CAV2, and CAV3 gene expression in mice with obstruction-induced BSM hypertrophy, and in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. DNA affinity chromatography and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a greater increase in binding of GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA-6) and NF-κB to their cognate binding motifs on CAV1, CAV2, and CAV3 promoters in obstructed BSM relative to that observed in control BSM. Knockout of NF-κB subunits, shRNA-mediated knockdown of GATA-6, or pharmacologic inhibition of GATA-6 and NF-κB in BSM increased CAV1, CAV2, and CAV3 transcription and promoter activity. Conversely, overexpression of GATA-6 decreased CAV2 and CAV3 transcription and promoter activity. Collectively, these data provide new insight into the mechanisms by which CAV gene expression is repressed in hypertrophied BSM in obstructive bladder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiano M Gomes
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen A Zderic
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elham Javed
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sankar Addya
- Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sreya Das
- Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satish Rattan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Chacko
- Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ettickan Boopathi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Minato Y, Kuwahara-Otani S, Maeda S, Yagi H. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α gene is regulated by multiple first exons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:489-494. [PMID: 30654933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA/Pdgfra) gene is considered to be precisely regulated. We have previously reported that the PDGFRA/Pdgfra gene is regulated by a dual promoter system in human and mouse, in which a novel PDGFRA/Pdgfra transcript has a first exon (exon 1β) different from that of the canonical PDGFRA/Pdgfra transcript (exon 1α). To elucidate the function of each transcript, we first investigated the contribution of different PDGFRA transcripts to final protein levels. Notably, knockdown experiments suggested the existence of other PDGFRA transcripts, and we identified five additional first exons (exons 1γ, 1δ, 1ε, 1ζ, and 1η) in intron 1 in both the human and mouse genes. The first exons of the mouse Pdgfra gene showed unique expression patterns: exon 1α was broadly expressed; exon 1β was highly expressed in embryos; exon 1γ was observed at relatively high levels in the adult central nervous system (CNS); and exon 1δ was expressed at relatively high levels in the developing CNS. Furthermore, in silico analysis of common putative transcription factor binding sites in the upstream regions of the first exons of both human and mouse PDGFRA/Pdgfra genes predicted common (such as Sry, Mzf1, and Cdx) and unique (such as Sox5, Lmo2, and GATA) transcription factors. Our findings show the diversity of the transcriptional regulation of the PDGFRA/Pdgfra gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Minato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Sachi Kuwahara-Otani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Seishi Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hideshi Yagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Shen W, Niu N, Lawson B, Qi L, Zhang J, Li T, Zhang H, Liu J. GATA6: a new predictor for prognosis in ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol 2019; 86:163-169. [PMID: 30633927 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the main cause of gynecological cancer-associated mortality. Improving the diagnosis is important for guiding clinical treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between expression of GATA6, a stem cell factor, and its prognosis in OC. In total, 521 OC cases were included. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that GATA6 was expressed in both high-grade serous carcinoma as well as non-serous tumors. High grade serous carcinoma showed a higher percentage of GATA6 positive staining. Positive staining of GATA6 showed worse overall survival (OS) in all ovarian cancers or serous and non-serous carcinoma individually. GATA6 was revealed as an independent risk factor for prognosis by multivariate Cox analysis. In all, GATA6 may present as a novel marker for poor prognosis in OC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/mortality
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/mortality
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Female
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710038; Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Barrett Lawson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030; Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300060
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030; Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710038; Department of Statistics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Helong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710038.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030.
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Moore-Morris T, van Vliet PP, Andelfinger G, Puceat M. Role of Epigenetics in Cardiac Development and Congenital Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2453-2475. [PMID: 30156497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to be functional in the fetus. Heart formation is a complex morphogenetic process regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most prominent congenital diseases. Genetics is not sufficient to explain these diseases or the impact of them on patients. Epigenetics is more and more emerging as a basis for cardiac malformations. This review brings the essential knowledge on cardiac biology of development. It further provides a broad background on epigenetics with a focus on three-dimensional conformation of chromatin. Then, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of epigenetics on cardiac cell fate decision. We further provide an update on the epigenetic anomalies in the genesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moore-Morris
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Puceat
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
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Simon CS, Zhang L, Wu T, Cai W, Saiz N, Nowotschin S, Cai CL, Hadjantonakis AK. A Gata4 nuclear GFP transcriptional reporter to study endoderm and cardiac development in the mouse. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.036517. [PMID: 30530745 PMCID: PMC6310872 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The GATA zinc-finger transcription factor GATA4 is expressed in a variety of tissues during mouse embryonic development and in adult organs. These include the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst, visceral endoderm of the early post-implantation embryo, as well as lateral plate mesoderm, developing heart, liver, lung and gonads. Here, we generate a novel Gata4 targeted allele used to generate both a Gata4H2B-GFP transcriptional reporter and a Gata4FLAG fusion protein to analyse dynamic expression domains. We demonstrate that the Gata4H2B-GFP transcriptional reporter faithfully recapitulates known sites of Gata4 mRNA expression and correlates with endogenous GATA4 protein levels. This reporter labels nuclei of Gata4 expressing cells and is suitable for time-lapse imaging and single cell analyses. As such, this Gata4H2B-GFP allele will be a useful tool for studying Gata4 expression and transcriptional regulation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Simon
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nestor Saiz
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sonja Nowotschin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Khalid AB, Slayden AV, Kumpati J, Perry CD, Berryhill SB, Crawford JA, Fatima I, Morselli M, Pellegrini M, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. GATA4 represses RANKL in osteoblasts via multiple long-range enhancers to regulate osteoclast differentiation. Bone 2018; 116:78-86. [PMID: 30031905 PMCID: PMC6158087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is a transcription factor that is responsible for tissue-specific gene regulation in many tissues, and more recent studies showed that it is necessary for osteoblast differentiation. Previously, we showed that in vivo deletion of Gata4 using Cre-recombinase under the control of the Col1a1 2.3 kb promoter, showed significantly reduced trabecular bone properties. To understand the role of GATA4 in more differentiated cells, GATA4fl/fl mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. MicroCT analysis of trabecular bone properties of the femur and tibia from 14-week-old female osteocalcin-Cre/GATA4fl/fl (OCN-cKO) mice showed a significant reduction in percentage bone volume, a decrease in trabecular number and an increase in trabecular spacing. In vivo, histomorphometric analysis revealed a decrease in the number of osteoblasts and an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the tibiae of OCN-cKO mice. In vivo and in vitro systems correlated a decrease in Gata4 mRNA with increased RANKL gene expression. To determine if RANKL is a direct target of GATA4, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing was performed, and it demonstrated that GATA4 is recruited to seven enhancers near RANKL. Furthermore, when Gata4 is knocked down, the chromatin at the RANKL region is further opened, as detected by a reduction in histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and an increase in histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) in the RANKL locus. In vitro, TRAP staining of cells from bone marrow cultures from Gata4 knockout cells show that the increased levels of RANKL are sufficient for osteoclast formation. Together, the data suggest that GATA4 directly represses RANKL expression via seven cis-regulatory regions and plays an important role in maintaining proper bone development and osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexandria V Slayden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jerusha Kumpati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chanel D Perry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stuart B Berryhill
- Bone Histology and Imaging Core, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Julie A Crawford
- Bone Histology and Imaging Core, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Iram Fatima
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Bacterial respiratory tract inflammation in neonatal rat model is attenuated by benzofuran through inhibition of GATA3. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:313-317. [PMID: 30278208 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of benzofuran on asthma neonatal rat model. Twenty-five neonatal rats were assigned into five groups; Normal control, untreated, 1 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg treatment groups. Methacholine was administered orally to the rats of untreated and treatment groups. Animals in the normal control group were given PBS as a vehicle. FlexiVent system employing a computer-controlled mouse ventilator along with respiratory mechanics was used for the analysis of airway resistance in the rats. Cytokine level and IFN-γ in the rat serum samples was performed by ELISA in accordance with the instructions of manufacturer. Methacholine administration into the rats caused a marked increase in lung airway resistance. However, treatment with 8 and 10 mg/kg doses of benzofuran led to marked decrease in the airway resistance. Benzofuran treatment prevented accumulation of macrophages and inflammatory cells in the lung airways. Inhibition of inflammation in methacholine administered rats by benzofuran was also confirmed by hematoxylin & eosin-staining. Examination of the rat serum showed significantly higher level of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, -5 and -13) in the untreated rats. However, treatment of methacholine administered rats with benzofuran significantly inhibited Th2 cytokine expression. The level of IFN-γ was increased by benzofuran treatment in methacholine administered rats. In methacholine administered rats the level of IgE was markedly higher however treatment of asthma rats with benzofuran inhibited up-regulation of IgE significantly. The expression of T-bet is decreased and that of GATA-3 is increased by methacholine administration in the rat lungs. Benzofuran treatment of methacholine administered rats prevented reduction in T-bet and up-regulation of GATA-3 expression in the rat lungs. The effect of benzofuran was significant at the doses of 8 and 10 mg/kg and non-significant at 1 mg/kg. These finding suggest that benzofuran inhibits expression of dominant T-helper 2 cytokines through targeting GATA-binding protein 3 transcription factor. Thus benzofuran can be of therapeutic importance for the treatment of asthma.
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STAT3-Inducible Mouse ESCs: A Model to Study the Role of STAT3 in ESC Maintenance and Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8632950. [PMID: 30254684 PMCID: PMC6142778 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8632950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that STAT3 is essential in maintaining self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and modulates ESC differentiation. However, there is still lack of direct evidence on STAT3 functions in ESCs and embryogenesis because constitutive STAT3 knockout (KO) mouse is embryonic lethal at E6.5-E7.5, prior to potential functional role in early development can be assessed. Therefore, in this study, two inducible STAT3 ESC lines were established, including the STAT3 knockout (InSTAT3 KO) and pSTAT3 overexpressed (InSTAT3 CA) using Tet-on inducible system in which STAT3 expression can be strictly controlled by doxycycline (Dox) stimulation. Through genotyping, deletion of STAT3 alleles was detected in InSTAT3 KO ESCs following 24 hours Dox stimulation. Western blot also showed that pSTAT3 and STAT3 protein levels were significantly reduced in InSTAT3 KO ESCs while dominantly elevated in InSTAT3 CA ECSs upon Dox stimulation. Likewise, it was found that STAT3-null ESCs would affect the differentiation of ESCs into mesoderm and cardiac lineage. Taken together, the findings of this study indicated that InSTAT3 KO and InSTAT3 CA ESCs could provide a new tool to clarify the direct targets of STAT3 and its role in ESC maintenance, which will facilitate the elaboration of the mechanisms whereby STAT3 maintains ESC pluripotency and regulates ESC differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis.
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Long Y, Wang G, Li K, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Zhang J, Zhang X, Bao Y, Yang X, Wang P. Oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced pulmonary dysplasia in chick embryos. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1757-1771. [PMID: 30010471 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation or dysbacteriosis-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) adversely influence the embryonic development of respiratory system. However, the precise pathological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS exposure caused lung maldevelopment in chick embryos, including higher embryo mortality, increased thickness of alveolar gas exchange zone, and accumulation of PAS+ immature pulmonary cells, accompanied with reduced expression of alveolar epithelial cell markers and lamellar body count. Upon LPS exposure, pulmonary cell proliferation was significantly altered and cell apoptosis was inhibited as well, indicating a delayed progress of pulmonary development. LPS treatment also resulted in reduced CAV-1 expression and up-regulation of Collagen I, suggesting increased lung fibrosis, which was verified by Masson staining. Moreover, LPS induced enhanced Nrf2 expression in E18 lungs, and the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was confirmed in MLE-12 cells in vitro. Antioxidant vitamin C restored the LPS induced down-regulation of ABCA3, SP-C and GATA-6 in MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, LPS induced activation of NF-κB signaling in MLE-12 cells, and the LPS-induced decrease in SP-C expression was partially abrogated by blocking NF-κB signaling with Bay-11-7082. Bay-11-7082 also inhibited LPS-induced increases of ROS and Nrf2 expression. Taken together, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced disruption of pulmonary cell development in chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Long
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guang Wang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ke Li
- b Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zongyi Zhang
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Zhang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaotan Zhang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yongping Bao
- c Norwich Medical School , University of East Anglia , Norwich , Norfolk , UK
| | - Xuesong Yang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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Soini T, Pihlajoki M, Andersson N, Lohi J, Huppert KA, Rudnick DA, Huppert SS, Wilson DB, Pakarinen MP, Heikinheimo M. Transcription factor GATA6: a novel marker and putative inducer of ductal metaplasia in biliary atresia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G547-G558. [PMID: 29388792 PMCID: PMC6008062 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00362.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA), a neonatal liver disease, is characterized by obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts with subsequent cholestasis, inflammation, and progressive liver fibrosis. To gain insights into the pathophysiology of BA, we focused attention on GATA6, a transcription factor implicated in biliary development. Early in fetal development GATA6 expression is evident in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes, but by late gestation it is extinguished in hepatocytes. Utilizing a unique set of BA liver samples collected before and after successful portoenterostomy (PE), we found that GATA6 expression is markedly upregulated in hepatocytes of patients with BA compared with healthy and cholestatic disease controls. This upregulation is recapitulated in two murine models simulating bile duct obstruction and intrahepatic bile ductule expansion. GATA6 expression in BA livers correlates with two established negative prognostic indicators (age at PE, degree of intrahepatic bile ductule expansion) and decreases after normalization of serum bilirubin by PE. GATA6 expression in BA livers correlates with expression of known regulators of cholangiocyte differentiation ( JAGGED1, HNF1β, and HNF6). These same genes are upregulated after enforced expression of GATA6 in human hepatocyte cell models. In conclusion, GATA6 is a novel marker and a putative driver of hepatocyte-cholangiocyte metaplasia in BA, and its expression in hepatocytes is downregulated after successful PE. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A pathological hallmark in the liver of patients with biliary atresia is ductular reaction, an expansion of new bile ductules that are thought to arise from conversion of mature hepatocytes. Here, we show that transcription factor GATA6 is a marker and potential driver of hepatocyte ductal metaplasia in biliary atresia. Hepatocyte GATA6 expression is elevated in biliary atresia, correlates with bile duct expansion, and decreases after successful portoenterostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Soini
- 1Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- 1Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,2Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Noora Andersson
- 1Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- 3Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari A. Huppert
- 4Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David A. Rudnick
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri,5Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stacey S. Huppert
- 4Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,5Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David B. Wilson
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri,6Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- 1Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,7Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- 1Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,2Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Nakajima N, Yoshizawa A, Nakajima T, Hirata M, Furuhata A, Sumiyoshi S, Rokutan-Kurata M, Sonobe M, Menju T, Miyamoto E, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Haga H. GATA6-positive lung adenocarcinomas are associated with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma morphology, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression, and KRAS mutations. Histopathology 2018; 73:38-48. [PMID: 29469192 DOI: 10.1111/his.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS GATA6 is known to play a role in lung development. However, its role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer is not well studied. The aim of this study was to analyse GATA6 expression in lung adenocarcinomas (LAs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to define its association with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS IHC analysis of GATA6 was performed with tissue microarray slides containing 348 LAs. The association between GATA6 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. GATA6 expression in epithelial tumours other than lung cancer was also evaluated. GATA6 expression was found in 47 LAs (13.5%). This occurred more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.005), and was associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis (P =0.024), well-differentiated to moderately differentiated tumours (P < 0.001), the absence of lymphatic invasion (P = 0.020), and the absence of vascular invasion (P = 0.011). GATA6 expression was associated with mucin production (P < 0.001), the invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma subtype (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P = 0.026), expression of MUC2 (P < 0.001), CDX2 (P = 0.049), and MUC5AC (P < 0.001), and absence of expression of TTF-1 (P = 0.002). GATA6 expression was also associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) expression (P < 0.001). GATA6 expression tended to indicate better prognoses, whereas patients with HNF4α expression had significantly worse prognoses (P = 0.033). Of 270 tumours other than lung cancer, 110 expressed GATA6. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GATA6 might interact with HNF4α and contribute to the development of mucinous-type LAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Furuhata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Sumiyoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ei Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Mistri TK, Arindrarto W, Ng WP, Wang C, Lim LH, Sun L, Chambers I, Wohland T, Robson P. Dynamic changes in Sox2 spatio-temporal expression promote the second cell fate decision through Fgf4/ Fgfr2 signaling in preimplantation mouse embryos. Biochem J 2018; 475:1075-1089. [PMID: 29487166 PMCID: PMC5896025 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oct4 and Sox2 regulate the expression of target genes such as Nanog, Fgf4, and Utf1, by binding to their respective regulatory motifs. Their functional cooperation is reflected in their ability to heterodimerize on adjacent cis regulatory motifs, the composite Sox/Oct motif. Given that Oct4 and Sox2 regulate many developmental genes, a quantitative analysis of their synergistic action on different Sox/Oct motifs would yield valuable insights into the mechanisms of early embryonic development. In the present study, we measured binding affinities of Oct4 and Sox2 to different Sox/Oct motifs using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We found that the synergistic binding interaction is driven mainly by the level of Sox2 in the case of the Fgf4 Sox/Oct motif. Taking into account Sox2 expression levels fluctuate more than Oct4, our finding provides an explanation on how Sox2 controls the segregation of the epiblast and primitive endoderm populations within the inner cell mass of the developing rodent blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mistri
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, U.K
| | - Wibowo Arindrarto
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ping Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choayang Wang
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leng Hiong Lim
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lili Sun
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian Chambers
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, U.K.
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Robson
- Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, U.S.A
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50
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Morgani SM, Metzger JJ, Nichols J, Siggia ED, Hadjantonakis AK. Micropattern differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells recapitulates embryo regionalized cell fate patterning. eLife 2018; 7:e32839. [PMID: 29412136 PMCID: PMC5807051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation epiblast cells exit pluripotency as they specify and spatially arrange the three germ layers of the embryo. Similarly, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) undergo spatially organized fate specification on micropatterned surfaces. Since in vivo validation is not possible for the human, we developed a mouse PSC micropattern system and, with direct comparisons to mouse embryos, reveal the robust specification of distinct regional identities. BMP, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF directed mouse epiblast-like cells to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and radially pattern posterior mesoderm fates. Conversely, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF patterned anterior identities, including definitive endoderm. By contrast, epiblast stem cells, a developmentally advanced state, only specified anterior identities, but without patterning. The mouse micropattern system offers a robust scalable method to generate regionalized cell types present in vivo, resolve how signals promote distinct identities and generate patterns, and compare mechanisms operating in vivo and in vitro and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Morgani
- Developmental Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jakob J Metzger
- Center for Studies in Physics and BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric D Siggia
- Center for Studies in Physics and BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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