1
|
Kavčič L, Ilc G, Wang B, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K, Jerić I, Plavec J. α-Hydrazino Acid Insertion Governs Peptide Organization in Solution by Local Structure Ordering. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22175-22185. [PMID: 38799301 PMCID: PMC11112695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we have applied the concept of α-hydrazino acid insertion in a peptide sequence as a means of structurally organizing a potential protein-protein interactions (PPI) inhibitor. Hydrazino peptides characterized by the incorporation of an α-hydrazino acid at specific positions introduce an additional nitrogen atom into their backbone. This modification leads to a change in the electrostatic properties of the peptide and induces the restructuring of its hydrogen bonding network, resulting in conformational changes toward more stable structural motifs. Despite the successful use of synthetic hydrazino oligomers in binding to nucleic acids, the structural changes due to the incorporation of α-hydrazino acid into short natural peptides in solution are still poorly understood. Based on NMR data, we report structural models of p53-derived hydrazino peptides with elements of localized peptide structuring in the form of an α-, β-, or γ-turn as a result of hydrazino modification in the peptide backbone. The modifications could potentially lead to the preorganization of a helical secondary peptide structure in a solution that is favorable for binding to a biological receptor. Spectroscopically, we observed that the ensemble averaged rapidly interconverting conformations, including isomerization of the E-Z hydrazide bond. This further increases the adaptability by expanding the conformational space of hydrazine peptides as potential protein-protein interaction antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kavčič
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Ilc
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Baifan Wang
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Ivanka Jerić
- Division
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer
Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salomonsson J, Wallner B, Sjöstrand L, D'Arcy P, Sunnerhagen M, Ahlner A. Transient interdomain interactions in free USP14 shape its conformational ensemble. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4975. [PMID: 38588275 PMCID: PMC11001199 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The deubiquitinase (DUB) ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) is a dual domain protein that plays a regulatory role in proteasomal degradation and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target. USP14 comprises a conserved USP domain and a ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain separated by a 25-residue linker. The enzyme activity of USP14 is autoinhibited in solution, but is enhanced when bound to the proteasome, where the Ubl and USP domains of USP14 bind to the Rpn1 and Rpt1/Rpt2 units, respectively. No structure of full-length USP14 in the absence of proteasome has yet been presented, however, earlier work has described how transient interactions between Ubl and USP domains in USP4 and USP7 regulate DUB activity. To better understand the roles of the Ubl and USP domains in USP14, we studied the Ubl domain alone and in full-length USP14 by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and used small angle x-ray scattering and molecular modeling to visualize the entire USP14 protein ensemble. Jointly, our results show how transient interdomain interactions between the Ubl and USP domains of USP14 predispose its conformational ensemble for proteasome binding, which may have functional implications for proteasome regulation and may be exploited in the design of future USP14 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn Wallner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Linda Sjöstrand
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Pádraig D'Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Maria Sunnerhagen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Alexandra Ahlner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Olsen JG, Prestel A, Kassem N, Broendum SS, Shamim HM, Simonsen S, Grysbæk M, Mortensen J, Rytkjær LL, Haxholm GW, Marabini R, Holmberg C, Carr AM, Crehuet R, Nielsen O, Kragelund BB. Checkpoint activation by Spd1: a competition-based system relying on tandem disordered PCNA binding motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2030-2044. [PMID: 38261971 PMCID: PMC10939359 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA regulation, replication and repair are processes fundamental to all known organisms and the sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is central to all these processes. S-phase delaying protein 1 (Spd1) from S. pombe, an intrinsically disordered protein that causes checkpoint activation by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, has one of the most divergent PCNA binding motifs known. Using NMR spectroscopy, in vivo assays, X-ray crystallography, calorimetry, and Monte Carlo simulations, an additional PCNA binding motif in Spd1, a PIP-box, is revealed. The two tandemly positioned, low affinity sites exchange rapidly on PCNA exploiting the same binding sites. Increasing or decreasing the binding affinity between Spd1 and PCNA through mutations of either motif compromised the ability of Spd1 to cause checkpoint activation in yeast. These results pinpoint a role for PCNA in Spd1-mediated checkpoint activation and suggest that its tandemly positioned short linear motifs create a neatly balanced competition-based system, involving PCNA, Spd1 and the small ribonucleotide reductase subunit, Suc22R2. Similar mechanisms may be relevant in other PCNA binding ligands where divergent binding motifs so far have gone under the PIP-box radar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Olsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Noah Kassem
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sebastian S Broendum
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hossain Mohammad Shamim
- Cell cycle and Genome Stability Group, Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Signe Simonsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Grysbæk
- Cell cycle and Genome Stability Group, Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Josefine Mortensen
- Cell cycle and Genome Stability Group, Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Louise Lund Rytkjær
- Cell cycle and Genome Stability Group, Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gitte W Haxholm
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Riccardo Marabini
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christian Holmberg
- Cell cycle and Genome Stability Group, Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, BN1 9RQ, Brighton
| | - Ramon Crehuet
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona
| | - Olaf Nielsen
- Cell cycle and Genome Stability Group, Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and REPIN, Department of Biology, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bjarnason S, McIvor JAP, Prestel A, Demény KS, Bullerjahn JT, Kragelund BB, Mercadante D, Heidarsson PO. DNA binding redistributes activation domain ensemble and accessibility in pioneer factor Sox2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1445. [PMID: 38365983 PMCID: PMC10873366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 1600 human transcription factors orchestrate the transcriptional machinery to control gene expression and cell fate. Their function is conveyed through intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) containing activation or repression domains but lacking quantitative structural ensemble models prevents their mechanistic decoding. Here we integrate single-molecule FRET and NMR spectroscopy with molecular simulations showing that DNA binding can lead to complex changes in the IDR ensemble and accessibility. The C-terminal IDR of pioneer factor Sox2 is highly disordered but its conformational dynamics are guided by weak and dynamic charge interactions with the folded DNA binding domain. Both DNA and nucleosome binding induce major rearrangements in the IDR ensemble without affecting DNA binding affinity. Remarkably, interdomain interactions are redistributed in complex with DNA leading to variable exposure of two activation domains critical for transcription. Charged intramolecular interactions allowing for dynamic redistributions may be common in transcription factors and necessary for sensitive tuning of structural ensembles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sveinn Bjarnason
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jordan A P McIvor
- School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Department of Biology, REPIN and Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kinga S Demény
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jakob T Bullerjahn
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Department of Biology, REPIN and Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Pétur O Heidarsson
- Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schütz S, Bergsdorf C, Hänni-Holzinger S, Lingel A, Renatus M, Gossert AD, Jahnke W. Intrinsically Disordered Regions in the Transcription Factor MYC:MAX Modulate DNA Binding via Intramolecular Interactions. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38264995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (TF) MYC is in large part an intrinsically disordered oncoprotein. In complex with its obligate heterodimerization partner MAX, MYC preferentially binds E-Box DNA sequences (CANNTG). At promoters containing these sequence motifs, MYC controls fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, metabolism, and apoptosis. A vast network of proteins in turn regulates MYC function via intermolecular interactions. In this work, we establish another layer of MYC regulation by intramolecular interactions. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify and map multiple binding sites for the C-terminal MYC:MAX DNA-binding domain (DBD) on the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in the MYC N-terminus. We find that these binding events in trans are driven by electrostatic attraction, that they have distinct affinities, and that they are competitive with DNA binding. Thereby, we observe the strongest effects for the N-terminal MYC box 0 (Mb0), a conserved motif involved in MYC transactivation and target gene induction. We prepared recombinant full-length MYC:MAX complex and demonstrate that the interactions identified in this work are also relevant in cis, i.e., as intramolecular interactions. These findings are supported by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments, which revealed that intramolecular IDR:DBD interactions in MYC decelerate the association of MYC:MAX complexes to DNA. Our work offers new insights into how bHLH-LZ TFs are regulated by intramolecular interactions, which open up new possibilities for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schütz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bergsdorf
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hänni-Holzinger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Theisen FF, Prestel A, Elkjær S, Leurs YHA, Morffy N, Strader LC, O'Shea C, Teilum K, Kragelund BB, Skriver K. Molecular switching in transcription through splicing and proline-isomerization regulates stress responses in plants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:592. [PMID: 38238333 PMCID: PMC10796322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana DREB2A transcription factor interacts with the negative regulator RCD1 and the ACID domain of subunit 25 of the transcriptional co-regulator mediator (Med25) to integrate stress signals for gene expression, with elusive molecular interplay. Using biophysical and structural analyses together with high-throughput screening, we reveal a bivalent binding switch in DREB2A containing an ACID-binding motif (ABS) and the known RCD1-binding motif (RIM). The RIM is lacking in a stress-induced DREB2A splice variant with retained transcriptional activity. ABS and RIM bind to separate sites on Med25-ACID, and NMR analyses show a structurally heterogeneous complex deriving from a DREB2A-ABS proline residue populating cis- and trans-isomers with remote impact on the RIM. The cis-isomer stabilizes an α-helix, while the trans-isomer may introduce energetic frustration facilitating rapid exchange between activators and repressors. Thus, DREB2A uses a post-transcriptionally and post-translationally modulated switch for transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Friis Theisen
- The REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffie Elkjær
- The REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yannick H A Leurs
- The REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Charlotte O'Shea
- The REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Teilum
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- The REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karen Skriver
- The REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Romanuka J, Folkers GE, Gnida M, Kovačič L, Wienk H, Kaptein R, Boelens R. Genetic switching by the Lac repressor is based on two-state Monod-Wyman-Changeux allostery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311240120. [PMID: 38019859 PMCID: PMC10710081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311240120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution NMR spectroscopy enabled us to characterize allosteric transitions between various functional states of the dimeric Escherichia coli Lac repressor. In the absence of ligands, the dimer exists in a dynamic equilibrium between DNA-bound and inducer-bound conformations. Binding of either effector shifts this equilibrium toward either bound state. Analysis of the ternary complex between repressor, operator DNA, and inducer shows how adding the inducer results in allosteric changes that disrupt the interdomain contacts between the inducer binding and DNA binding domains and how this in turn leads to destabilization of the hinge helices and release of the Lac repressor from the operator. Based on our data, the allosteric mechanism of the induction process is in full agreement with the well-known Monod-Wyman-Changeux model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julija Romanuka
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert E. Folkers
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Gnida
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lidija Kovačič
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Wienk
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kaptein
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Boelens
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eladl A, Yamaoki Y, Kamba K, Hoshina S, Horinouchi H, Kondo K, Waga S, Nagata T, Katahira M. NMR characterization of the structure of the intrinsically disordered region of human origin recognition complex subunit 1, hORC1, and of its interaction with G-quadruplex DNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 683:149112. [PMID: 37857165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Human origin recognition complex (hORC) binds to the DNA replication origin and then initiates DNA replication. However, hORC does not exhibit DNA sequence-specificity and how hORC recognizes the replication origin on genomic DNA remains elusive. Previously, we found that hORC recognizes G-quadruplex structures potentially formed near the replication origin. Then, we showed that hORC subunit 1 (hORC1) preferentially binds to G-quadruplex DNAs using a hORC1 construct comprising residues 413 to 511 (hORC1413-511). Here, we investigate the structural characteristics of hORC1413-511 in its free and complex forms with G-quadruplex DNAs. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies indicated that hORC1413-511 is disordered except for a short α-helical region in both the free and complex forms. NMR chemical shift perturbation (CSP) analysis suggested that basic residues, arginines and lysines, and polar residues, serines and threonines, are involved in the G-quadruplex DNA binding. Then, this was confirmed by mutation analysis. Interestingly, CSP analysis indicated that hORC1413-511 binds to both parallel- and (3 + 1)-type G-quadruplex DNAs using the same residues, and thereby in the same manner. Our study suggests that hORC1 uses its intrinsically disordered G-quadruplex binding region to recognize parallel-type and (3 + 1)-type G-quadruplex structures at replication origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Eladl
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yudai Yamaoki
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kamba
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shoko Hoshina
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Haruka Horinouchi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shou Waga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan; Integrated Research Center for Carbon Negative Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Biomass Product Tree Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Laboratory, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McKenna S, Aylward F, Miliara X, Lau RJ, Huemer CB, Giblin SP, Huse KK, Liang M, Reeves L, Pearson M, Xu Y, Rouse SL, Pease JE, Sriskandan S, Kagawa TF, Cooney J, Matthews S. The protease associated (PA) domain in ScpA from Streptococcus pyogenes plays a role in substrate recruitment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140946. [PMID: 37562488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Annually, over 18 million disease cases and half a million deaths worldwide are estimated to be caused by Group A Streptococcus. ScpA (or C5a peptidase) is a well characterised member of the cell enveleope protease family, which possess a S8 subtilisin-like catalytic domain and a shared multi-domain architecture. ScpA cleaves complement factors C5a and C3a, impairing the function of these critical anaphylatoxins and disrupts complement-mediated innate immunity. Although the high resolution structure of ScpA is known, the details of how it recognises its substrate are only just emerging. Previous studies have identified a distant exosite on the 2nd fibronectin domain that plays an important role in recruitment via an interaction with the substrate core. Here, using a combination of solution NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis with functional assays and computational approaches we identify a second exosite within the protease-associated (PA) domain. We propose a model in which the PA domain assists optimal delivery of the substrate's C terminus to the active site for cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McKenna
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Frances Aylward
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xeni Miliara
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rikin J Lau
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Camilla Berg Huemer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sean P Giblin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kristin K Huse
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mingyang Liang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lucy Reeves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Max Pearson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yingqi Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sarah L Rouse
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James E Pease
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shiranee Sriskandan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Todd F Kagawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jakki Cooney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephen Matthews
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mihalič F, Benz C, Kassa E, Lindqvist R, Simonetti L, Inturi R, Aronsson H, Andersson E, Chi CN, Davey NE, Överby AK, Jemth P, Ivarsson Y. Identification of motif-based interactions between SARS-CoV-2 protein domains and human peptide ligands pinpoint antiviral targets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5636. [PMID: 37704626 PMCID: PMC10499821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The virus life cycle depends on host-virus protein-protein interactions, which often involve a disordered protein region binding to a folded protein domain. Here, we used proteomic peptide phage display (ProP-PD) to identify peptides from the intrinsically disordered regions of the human proteome that bind to folded protein domains encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Eleven folded domains of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were found to bind 281 peptides from human proteins, and affinities of 31 interactions involving eight SARS-CoV-2 protein domains were determined (KD ∼ 7-300 μM). Key specificity residues of the peptides were established for six of the interactions. Two of the peptides, binding Nsp9 and Nsp16, respectively, inhibited viral replication. Our findings demonstrate how high-throughput peptide binding screens simultaneously identify potential host-virus interactions and peptides with antiviral properties. Furthermore, the high number of low-affinity interactions suggest that overexpression of viral proteins during infection may perturb multiple cellular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mihalič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Benz
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eszter Kassa
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raviteja Inturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Aronsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Celestine N Chi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ebersberger S, Hipp C, Mulorz MM, Buchbender A, Hubrich D, Kang HS, Martínez-Lumbreras S, Kristofori P, Sutandy FXR, Llacsahuanga Allcca L, Schönfeld J, Bakisoglu C, Busch A, Hänel H, Tretow K, Welzel M, Di Liddo A, Möckel MM, Zarnack K, Ebersberger I, Legewie S, Luck K, Sattler M, König J. FUBP1 is a general splicing factor facilitating 3' splice site recognition and splicing of long introns. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00516-6. [PMID: 37506698 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Splicing of pre-mRNAs critically contributes to gene regulation and proteome expansion in eukaryotes, but our understanding of the recognition and pairing of splice sites during spliceosome assembly lacks detail. Here, we identify the multidomain RNA-binding protein FUBP1 as a key splicing factor that binds to a hitherto unknown cis-regulatory motif. By collecting NMR, structural, and in vivo interaction data, we demonstrate that FUBP1 stabilizes U2AF2 and SF1, key components at the 3' splice site, through multivalent binding interfaces located within its disordered regions. Transcriptional profiling and kinetic modeling reveal that FUBP1 is required for efficient splicing of long introns, which is impaired in cancer patients harboring FUBP1 mutations. Notably, FUBP1 interacts with numerous U1 snRNP-associated proteins, suggesting a unique role for FUBP1 in splice site bridging for long introns. We propose a compelling model for 3' splice site recognition of long introns, which represent 80% of all human introns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Hipp
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Miriam M Mulorz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dalmira Hubrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hyun-Seo Kang
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Santiago Martínez-Lumbreras
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Panajot Kristofori
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Genetics (IBMG), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Jonas Schönfeld
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cem Bakisoglu
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Hänel
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Tretow
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareen Welzel
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Martin M Möckel
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; CardioPulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (S-BIK-F), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Legewie
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Genetics (IBMG), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center for Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Luck
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chhabra Y, Seiffert P, Gormal RS, Vullings M, Lee CMM, Wallis TP, Dehkhoda F, Indrakumar S, Jacobsen NL, Lindorff-Larsen K, Durisic N, Waters MJ, Meunier FA, Kragelund BB, Brooks AJ. Tyrosine kinases compete for growth hormone receptor binding and regulate receptor mobility and degradation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112490. [PMID: 37163374 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) acts via JAK2 and LYN to regulate growth, metabolism, and neural function. However, the relationship between these tyrosine kinases remains enigmatic. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining cell biology, structural biology, computation, and single-particle tracking on live cells, we find overlapping LYN and JAK2 Box1-Box2-binding regions in GH receptor (GHR). Our data implicate direct competition between JAK2 and LYN for GHR binding and imply divergent signaling profiles. We show that GHR exhibits distinct mobility states within the cell membrane and that activation of LYN by GH mediates GHR immobilization, thereby initiating its nanoclustering in the membrane. Importantly, we observe that LYN mediates cytokine receptor degradation, thereby controlling receptor turnover and activity, and this applies to related cytokine receptors. Our study offers insight into the molecular interactions of LYN with GHR and highlights important functions for LYN in regulating GHR nanoclustering, signaling, and degradation, traits broadly relevant to many cytokine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chhabra
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
| | - Pernille Seiffert
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel S Gormal
- The Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Manon Vullings
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Tristan P Wallis
- The Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Farhad Dehkhoda
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Sowmya Indrakumar
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory & Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina L Jacobsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory & Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nela Durisic
- The Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J Waters
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- The Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pagano K, Listro R, Linciano P, Rossi D, Longhi E, Taraboletti G, Molinari H, Collina S, Ragona L. Identification of a novel extracellular inhibitor of FGF2/FGFR signaling axis by combined virtual screening and NMR spectroscopy approach. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106529. [PMID: 37084585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling pathway drives severe pathologies, including cancer development and angiogenesis-driven pathologies. The perturbation of the FGF2/FGFR axis via extracellular allosteric small inhibitors is a promising strategy for developing FGFR inhibitors with improved safety and efficacy for cancer treatment. We have previously investigated the role of new extracellular inhibitors, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), which bind the FGFR-D2 domain and directly compete with FGF2 for the same binding site, enabling the disruption of the functional FGF2/FGFR interaction. To select ligands for the previously identified FGF2/FGFR RA binding site, NMR data-driven virtual screening has been performed on an in-house library of non-commercial small molecules and metabolites. A novel drug-like compound, a resorcinol derivative named RBA4 has been identified. NMR interaction studies demonstrate that RBA4 binds the FGF2/FGFR complex, in agreement with docking prediction. Residue-level NMR perturbations analysis highlights that the mode of action of RBA4 is similar to RA in terms of its ability to target the FGF2/FGFR-D2 complex, inducing perturbations on both proteins and triggering complex dissociation. Biological assays proved that RBA4 inhibited FGF2 proliferative activity at a level comparable to the previously reported natural product, RA. Identification of RBA4 chemical groups involved in direct interactions represents a starting point for further optimization of drug-like extracellular inhibitors with improved activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Pagano
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Listro
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Longhi
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hellesnes KN, Vijayaraj S, Fojan P, Petersen E, Courtade G. Biochemical Characterization and NMR Study of a PET-Hydrolyzing Cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1369-1375. [PMID: 36967526 PMCID: PMC10116592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the drawbacks of plastics have become evident, with plastic pollution becoming a major environmental issue. There is an urgent need to find solutions to efficiently manage plastic waste by using novel recycling methods. Biocatalytic recycling of plastics by using enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis is one such solution that has gained interest, in particular for recycling poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). To provide insights into PET hydrolysis by cutinases, we have here characterized the kinetics of a PET-hydrolyzing cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi (FsC) at different pH values, mapped the interaction between FsC and the PET analogue BHET by using NMR spectroscopy, and monitored product release directly and in real time by using time-resolved NMR experiments. We found that primarily aliphatic side chains around the active site participate in the interaction with BHET and that pH conditions and a mutation around the active site (L182A) can be used to tune the relative amounts of degradation products. Moreover, we propose that the low catalytic performance of FsC on PET is caused by poor substrate binding combined with slow MHET hydrolysis. Overall, our results provide insights into obstacles that preclude efficient PET hydrolysis by FsC and suggest future approaches for overcoming these obstacles and generating efficient PET-hydrolyzing enzymes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Madsen M, Prestel A, Madland E, Westh P, Tøndervik A, Sletta H, Peters GHJ, Aachmann FL, Kragelund BB, Svensson B. Molecular insights into alginate β-lactoglobulin A multivalencies-The foundation for their amorphous aggregates and coacervation. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4556. [PMID: 36571497 PMCID: PMC9847093 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For improved control of biomaterial property design, a better understanding of complex coacervation involving anionic polysaccharides and proteins is needed. Here, we address the initial steps in condensate formation of β-lactoglobulin A (β-LgA) with nine defined alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) and describe their multivalent interactions in structural detail. Binding of AOSs containing four, five, or six uronic acid residues (UARs), either all mannuronate (M), all guluronate (G), or alternating M and G embodying the block structural components of alginates, was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and molecular docking. β-LgA was highly multivalent exhibiting binding stoichiometries decreasing from five to two AOSs with increasing degree of polymerization (DP) and similar affinities in the mid micromolar range. The different AOS binding sites on β-LgA were identified by NMR chemical shift perturbation analyses and showed diverse compositions of charged, polar and hydrophobic residues. Distinct sites for the shorter AOSs merged to accommodate longer AOSs. The AOSs bound dynamically to β-LgA, as concluded from saturation transfer difference and 1 H-ligand-targeted NMR analyses. Molecular docking using Glide within the Schrödinger suite 2016-1 revealed the orientation of AOSs to only vary slightly at the preferred β-LgA binding site resulting in similar XP glide scores. The multivalency coupled with highly dynamic AOS binding with lack of confined conformations in the β-LgA complexes may help explain the first steps toward disordered β-LgA alginate coacervate structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Madsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Eva Madland
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food ScienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Peter Westh
- Interfacial Enzymology, Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Anne Tøndervik
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF IndustryTrondheimNorway
| | - Håvard Sletta
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF IndustryTrondheimNorway
| | - Günther H. J. Peters
- Biophysical and Biomedicinal Chemistry, Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Finn L. Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food ScienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh A, Burns D, Sedinkin SL, Van Veller B, Potoyan DA, Venditti V. Protein Conformational Dynamics Underlie Selective Recognition of Thermophilic over Mesophilic Enzyme I by a Substrate Analogue. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010160. [PMID: 36671545 PMCID: PMC9856155 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substrate selectivity is an important preventive measure to decrease the possibility of cross interactions between enzymes and metabolites that share structural similarities. In addition, understanding the mechanisms that determine selectivity towards a particular substrate increases the knowledge base for designing specific inhibitors for target enzymes. Here, we combine NMR, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and protein engineering to investigate how two substrate analogues, allylicphosphonate (cPEP) and sulfoenolpyruvate (SEP), recognize the mesophilic (eEIC) and thermophilic (tEIC) homologues of the receptor domain of bacterial Enzyme I, which has been proposed as a target for antimicrobial research. Chemical Shift Perturbation (CSP) experiments show that cPEP and SEP recognize tEIC over the mesophilic homologue. Combined Principal Component Analysis of half-microsecond-long MD simulations reveals that incomplete quenching of a breathing motion in the eEIC-ligand complex destabilizes the interaction and makes the investigated substrate analogues selective toward the thermophilic enzyme. Our results indicate that residual protein motions need to be considered carefully when optimizing small molecule inhibitors of EI. In general, our work demonstrates that protein conformational dynamics can be exploited in the rational design and optimization of inhibitors with subfamily selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Daniel Burns
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Brett Van Veller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Davit A. Potoyan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: (D.A.P.); (V.V.); Tel.: +515-294-9971 (D.A.P.); +515-294-1044 (V.V.); Fax: +515-294-7550 (D.A.P. & V.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: (D.A.P.); (V.V.); Tel.: +515-294-9971 (D.A.P.); +515-294-1044 (V.V.); Fax: +515-294-7550 (D.A.P. & V.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Structure of the Sec14 domain of Kalirin reveals a distinct class of lipid-binding module in RhoGEFs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 36609407 PMCID: PMC9823006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gated entry of lipophilic ligands into the enclosed hydrophobic pocket in stand-alone Sec14 domain proteins often links lipid metabolism to membrane trafficking. Similar domains occur in multidomain mammalian proteins that activate small GTPases and regulate actin dynamics. The neuronal RhoGEF Kalirin, a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, contains a Sec14 domain (KalbSec14) followed by multiple spectrin-like repeats and catalytic domains. Previous studies demonstrated that Kalirin lacking its Sec14 domain fails to maintain cell morphology or dendritic spine length, yet whether and how KalbSec14 interacts with lipids remain unknown. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterization of KalbSec14. KalbSec14 adopts a closed conformation, sealing off the canonical ligand entry site, and instead employs a surface groove to bind a limited set of lysophospholipids. The low-affinity interactions of KalbSec14 with lysolipids are expected to serve as a general model for the regulation of Rho signaling by other Sec14-containing Rho activators.
Collapse
|
18
|
Fischer ES, Yu CWH, Hevler JF, McLaughlin SH, Maslen SL, Heck AJR, Freund SMV, Barford D. Juxtaposition of Bub1 and Cdc20 on phosphorylated Mad1 during catalytic mitotic checkpoint complex assembly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6381. [PMID: 36289199 PMCID: PMC9605988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) assembles the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, thereby delaying entry into anaphase. The MCC comprises Mad2:Cdc20:BubR1:Bub3. Its assembly is catalysed by unattached kinetochores on a Mad1:Mad2 platform. Mad1-bound closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2) recruits open-Mad2 (O-Mad2) through self-dimerization. This interaction, combined with Mps1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Bub1 and Mad1, accelerates MCC assembly, in a process that requires O-Mad2 to C-Mad2 conversion and concomitant binding of Cdc20. How Mad1 phosphorylation catalyses MCC assembly is poorly understood. Here, we characterized Mps1 phosphorylation of Mad1 and obtained structural insights into a phosphorylation-specific Mad1:Cdc20 interaction. This interaction, together with the Mps1-phosphorylation dependent association of Bub1 and Mad1, generates a tripartite assembly of Bub1 and Cdc20 onto the C-terminal domain of Mad1 (Mad1CTD). We additionally identify flexibility of Mad1:Mad2 that suggests how the Cdc20:Mad1CTD interaction brings the Mad2-interacting motif (MIM) of Cdc20 near O-Mad2. Thus, Mps1-dependent formation of the MCC-assembly scaffold functions to position and orient Cdc20 MIM near O-Mad2, thereby catalysing formation of C-Mad2:Cdc20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Conny W H Yu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sarah L Maslen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schütz S, Bergsdorf C, Goretzki B, Lingel A, Renatus M, Gossert AD, Jahnke W. The disordered MAX N-terminus modulates DNA binding of the transcription factor MYC:MAX. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167833. [PMID: 36174765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered protein MYC belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factors (TFs). In complex with its cognate binding partner MAX, MYC preferentially binds to E-Box promotor sequences where it controls fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, metabolism, and apoptosis. Intramolecular regulation of MYC:MAX has not yet been investigated in detail. In this work, we use Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify and map interactions between the disordered MAX N-terminus and the MYC:MAX DNA binding domain (DBD). We find that this binding event is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions and that it is competitive with DNA binding. Using Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), we demonstrate that the MAX N-terminus serves to accelerate DNA binding kinetics of MYC:MAX and MAX:MAX dimers, while it simultaneously provides specificity for E-Box DNA. We also establish that these effects are further enhanced by Casein Kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of two serine residues in the MAX N-terminus. Our work provides new insights how bHLH-LZ TFs are regulated by intramolecular interactions between disordered regions and the folded DNA binding domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schütz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bergsdorf
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Goretzki
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alvar D Gossert
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pagano K, Longhi E, Molinari H, Taraboletti G, Ragona L. Inhibition of FGFR Signaling by Targeting FGF/FGFR Extracellular Interactions: Towards the Comprehension of the Molecular Mechanism through NMR Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810860. [PMID: 36142770 PMCID: PMC9503799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR-based approaches play a pivotal role in providing insight into molecular recognition mechanisms, affording the required atomic-level description and enabling the identification of promising inhibitors of protein–protein interactions. The aberrant activation of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway drives several pathologies, including cancer development, metastasis formation, resistance to therapy, angiogenesis-driven pathologies, vascular diseases, and viral infections. Most FGFR inhibitors targeting the intracellular ATP binding pocket of FGFR have adverse effects, such as limited specificity and relevant toxicity. A viable alternative is represented by targeting the FGF/FGFR extracellular interactions. We previously identified a few small-molecule inhibitors acting extracellularly, targeting FGFR or FGF. We have now built a small library of natural and synthetic molecules that potentially act as inhibitors of FGF2/FGFR interactions to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inhibitory activity. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of the interaction mode of small molecules with the FGF2/FGFR complex and the single protein domains. DOSY and residue-level NMR analysis afforded insights into the capability of the potential inhibitors to destabilize complex formation, highlighting different mechanisms of inhibition of FGF2-induced cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Pagano
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Elisa Longhi
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dreier JE, Prestel A, Martins JM, Brøndum SS, Nielsen O, Garbers AE, Suga H, Boomsma W, Rogers JM, Hartmann-Petersen R, Kragelund BB. A context-dependent and disordered ubiquitin-binding motif. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:484. [PMID: 35974206 PMCID: PMC9381478 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a small, globular protein that is conjugated to other proteins as a posttranslational event. A palette of small, folded domains recognizes and binds ubiquitin to translate and effectuate this posttranslational signal. Recent computational studies have suggested that protein regions can recognize ubiquitin via a process of folding upon binding. Using peptide binding arrays, bioinformatics, and NMR spectroscopy, we have uncovered a disordered ubiquitin-binding motif that likely remains disordered when bound and thus expands the palette of ubiquitin-binding proteins. We term this motif Disordered Ubiquitin-Binding Motif (DisUBM) and find it to be present in many proteins with known or predicted functions in degradation and transcription. We decompose the determinants of the motif showing it to rely on features of aromatic and negatively charged residues, and less so on distinct sequence positions in line with its disordered nature. We show that the affinity of the motif is low and moldable by the surrounding disordered chain, allowing for an enhanced interaction surface with ubiquitin, whereby the affinity increases ~ tenfold. Further affinity optimization using peptide arrays pushed the affinity into the low micromolar range, but compromised context dependence. Finally, we find that DisUBMs can emerge from unbiased screening of randomized peptide libraries, featuring in de novo cyclic peptides selected to bind ubiquitin chains. We suggest that naturally occurring DisUBMs can recognize ubiquitin as a posttranslational signal to act as affinity enhancers in IDPs that bind to folded and ubiquitylated binding partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper E Dreier
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,REPIN, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - João M Martins
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sebastian S Brøndum
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Olaf Nielsen
- Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anna E Garbers
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,REPIN, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wouter Boomsma
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Joseph M Rogers
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- REPIN, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,The Linderstrøm Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,REPIN, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,The Linderstrøm Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Calcium Binds to Transthyretin with Low Affinity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081066. [PMID: 36008960 PMCID: PMC9406000 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR), a transporter for thyroid hormones and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, is responsible for the second most common type of systemic (ATTR) amyloidosis either in its wild type form or as a result of destabilizing genetic mutations that increase its aggregation propensity. The association between free calcium ions (Ca2+) and TTR is still debated, although recent work seems to suggest that calcium induces structural destabilization of TTR and promotes its aggregation at non-physiological low pH in vitro. We apply high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to investigate calcium binding to TTR showing the formation of labile interactions, which leave the native structure of TTR substantially unaltered. The effect of calcium binding on TTR-enhanced aggregation is also assessed at physiological pH through the mechano-enzymatic mechanism. Our results indicate that, even if the binding is weak, about 7% of TTR is likely to be Ca2+-bound in vivo and therefore more aggregation prone as we have shown that this interaction is able to increase the protein susceptibility to the proteolytic cleavage that leads to aggregation at physiological pH. These events, even if involving a minority of circulating TTR, may be relevant for ATTR, a pathology that takes several decades to develop.
Collapse
|
23
|
Friis Theisen F, Salladini E, Davidsen R, Jo Rasmussen C, Staby L, Kragelund BB, Skriver K. αα-hub coregulator structure and flexibility determine transcription factor binding and selection in regulatory interactomes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101963. [PMID: 35452682 PMCID: PMC9127584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of transcription factor (TF)-coregulator complexes is a key step in transcriptional regulation, with coregulators having essential functions as hub nodes in molecular networks. How specificity and selectivity are maintained in these nodes remain open questions. In this work, we addressed specificity in transcriptional networks using complexes formed between TFs and αα-hubs, which are defined by a common αα-hairpin secondary structure motif, as a model. Using NMR spectroscopy and binding thermodynamics, we analyzed the structure, dynamics, stability, and ligand-binding properties of the Arabidopsis thaliana RST domains from TAF4 and known binding partner RCD1, and the TAFH domain from human TAF4, allowing comparison across species, functions, and architectural contexts. While these αα-hubs shared the αα-hairpin motif, they differed in length and orientation of accessory helices as well as in their thermodynamic profiles of ligand binding. Whereas biologically relevant RCD1-ligand pairs displayed high affinity driven by enthalpy, TAF4-ligand interactions were entropy driven and exhibited less binding-induced structuring. We in addition identified a thermal unfolding state with a structured core for all three domains, although the temperature sensitivity differed. Thermal stability studies suggested that initial unfolding of the RCD1-RST domain localized around helix 1, lending this region structural malleability, while effects in TAF4-RST were more stochastic, suggesting variability in structural adaptability upon binding. Collectively, our results support a model in which hub structure, flexibility, and binding thermodynamics contribute to αα-hub-TF binding specificity, a finding of general relevance to the understanding of coregulator-ligand interactions and interactome sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Friis Theisen
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Salladini
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Davidsen
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Jo Rasmussen
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Staby
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karen Skriver
- REPIN and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Enhancing the detection sensitivity of nanobody against aflatoxin B 1 through structure-guided modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:188-197. [PMID: 34863829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) have shown great potential in immunodetection of small-molecule contaminants in food and environmental monitoring. However, the limited knowledge of the mechanism of Nbs binding to small molecules has hampered the development of high-affinity Nbs and assay improvement. We previously reported two homologous nanobodies Nb26 and Nb28 specific to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), with the former exhibiting higher sensitivity in ELISA. Herein, Nb26 was selected as the model antibody to resolve its solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure, and investigate its AFB1 recognition mechanism. The results revealed that Nb26 exhibits a typical immunoglobulin fold and its AFB1-binding interface is uniquely located in complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) and framework region 2 (FR2). This finding was applied to improve the binding activity of Nb28 against AFB1 by constructing two Nb28-based mutants A50V and S102D, resulting in 2.3- and 3.3-fold sensitivity enhancement over the wild type, respectively. This study develops an NMR-based strategy to analyze the underlying mechanism of Nb against AFB1, and successfully generated two site-modified Nbs with improved detection sensitivity. It is believed that this work could greatly expand the applications of Nbs by providing a way to enhance the binding activity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Flanking Disorder of the Folded αα-Hub Domain from Radical Induced Cell Death1 Affects Transcription Factor Binding by Ensemble Redistribution. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167320. [PMID: 34687712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein intrinsic disorder is essential for organization of transcription regulatory interactomes. In these interactomes, the majority of transcription factors as well as their interaction partners have co-existing order and disorder. Yet, little attention has been paid to their interplay. Here, we investigate how order is affected by flanking disorder in the folded αα-hub domain RST from Radical-Induced Cell Death1 (RCD1), central in a large interactome of transcription factors. We show that the intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail of RCD1-RST shifts its conformational ensemble towards a pseudo-bound state through weak interactions with the ligand-binding pocket. An unfolded excited state is also accessible on the ms timescale independent of surrounding disordered regions, but its population is lowered by 50% in their presence. Flanking disorder additionally lowers transcription factor binding-affinity without affecting the dissociation rate constant, in accordance with similar bound-states assessed by NMR. The extensive dynamics of the RCD1-RST domain, modulated by flanking disorder, is suggestive of its adaptation to many different transcription factor ligands. The study illustrates how disordered flanking regions can tune fold and function through ensemble redistribution and is of relevance to modular proteins in general, many of which play key roles in regulation of genes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar A, Yu CWH, Rodríguez-Molina JB, Li XH, Freund SMV, Passmore LA. Dynamics in Fip1 regulate eukaryotic mRNA 3' end processing. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1510-1526. [PMID: 34593603 PMCID: PMC8559680 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348671.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Kumar et al. characterized the structure–function relationship of the essential poly(A) factor Fip1. Using in vitro reconstitution and structural studies, the authors report that Fip1 dynamics within the 3′ end processing machinery are required to coordinate cleavage and polyadenylation. Cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF/CPSF) is a multiprotein complex essential for mRNA 3′ end processing in eukaryotes. It contains an endonuclease that cleaves pre-mRNAs, and a polymerase that adds a poly(A) tail onto the cleaved 3′ end. Several CPF subunits, including Fip1, contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). IDRs within multiprotein complexes can be flexible, or can become ordered upon interaction with binding partners. Here, we show that yeast Fip1 anchors the poly(A) polymerase Pap1 onto CPF via an interaction with zinc finger 4 of another CPF subunit, Yth1. We also reconstitute a fully recombinant 850-kDa CPF. By incorporating selectively labeled Fip1 into recombinant CPF, we could study the dynamics of Fip1 within the megadalton complex using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This reveals that a Fip1 IDR that connects the Yth1- and Pap1-binding sites remains highly dynamic within CPF. Together, our data suggest that Fip1 dynamics within the 3′ end processing machinery are required to coordinate cleavage and polyadenylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny W H Yu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiao-Han Li
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lori A Passmore
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cantarutti C, Vargas MC, Dongmo Foumthuim CJ, Dumoulin M, La Manna S, Marasco D, Santambrogio C, Grandori R, Scoles G, Soler MA, Corazza A, Fortuna S. Insights on peptide topology in the computational design of protein ligands: the example of lysozyme binding peptides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23158-23172. [PMID: 34617942 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02536h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we compared the ability of linear and cyclic peptides generated in silico to target different protein sites: internal pockets and solvent-exposed sites. We selected human lysozyme (HuL) as a model target protein combined with the computational evolution of linear and cyclic peptides. The sequence evolution of these peptides was based on the PARCE algorithm. The generated peptides were screened based on their aqueous solubility and HuL binding affinity. The latter was evaluated by means of scoring functions and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories in water, which allowed prediction of the structural features of the protein-peptide complexes. The computational results demonstrated that cyclic peptides constitute the optimal choice for solvent exposed sites, while both linear and cyclic peptides are capable of targeting the HuL pocket effectively. The most promising binders found in silico were investigated experimentally by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. All tested peptides displayed dissociation constants in the micromolar range, as assessed by SPR; however, both NMR and ESI-MS suggested multiple binding modes, at least for the pocket binding peptides. A detailed NMR analysis confirmed that both linear and cyclic pocket peptides correctly target the binding site they were designed for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cantarutti
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 - Udine, Italy.
| | - M Cristina Vargas
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Unidad Mérida, Apartado Postal 73 "Cordemex", 97310, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Cedrix J Dongmo Foumthuim
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 - Udine, Italy. .,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Campus Scientifico - Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy
| | - Mireille Dumoulin
- Centre for Protein Engineering, InBios, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy - University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacinto Scoles
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 - Udine, Italy.
| | - Miguel A Soler
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 - Udine, Italy. .,Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Melen - 83, B Block, 16152 - Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 - Udine, Italy.
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 - Udine, Italy. .,Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Melen - 83, B Block, 16152 - Genova, Italy.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Theisen FF, Staby L, Tidemand FG, O'Shea C, Prestel A, Willemoës M, Kragelund BB, Skriver K. Quantification of Conformational Entropy Unravels Effect of Disordered Flanking Region in Coupled Folding and Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14540-14550. [PMID: 34473923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic disorder (ID) constitutes a new dimension to the protein structure-function relationship. The ability to undergo conformational changes upon binding is a key property of intrinsically disordered proteins and remains challenging to study using conventional methods. A 1994 paper by R. S. Spolar and M. T. Record presented a thermodynamic approach for estimating changes in conformational entropy based on heat capacity changes, allowing quantification of residues folding upon binding. Here, we adapt the method for studies of intrinsically disordered proteins. We integrate additional data to provide a broader experimental foundation for the underlying relations and, based on >500 protein-protein complexes involving disordered proteins, reassess a key relation between polar and nonpolar surface area changes, previously determined using globular protein folding. We demonstrate the improved suitability of the adapted method to studies of the folded αα-hub domain RST from radical-induced cell death 1, whose interactome is characterized by ID. From extensive thermodynamic data, quantifying the conformational entropy changes upon binding, and comparison to the NMR structure, the adapted method improves accuracy for ID-based studies. Furthermore, we apply the method, in conjunction with NMR, to reveal hitherto undetected effects of interaction-motif context. Thus, inclusion of the disordered context of the DREB2A RST-binding motif induces structuring of the binding motif, resulting in major enthalpy-entropy compensation in the interaction interface. This study, also evaluating additional interactions, demonstrates the strength of the ID-adapted Spolar-Record thermodynamic approach for dissection of structural features of ID-based interactions, easily overlooked in traditional studies, and for translation of these into mechanistic knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederik Grønbæk Tidemand
- Structural Biophysics, X-ray and Neutron Science, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Madland E, Forsberg Z, Wang Y, Lindorff-Larsen K, Niebisch A, Modregger J, Eijsink VGH, Aachmann FL, Courtade G. Structural and functional variation of chitin-binding domains of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Cellvibrio japonicus. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101084. [PMID: 34411561 PMCID: PMC8449059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the extensive repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have a key role in recalcitrant biomass degradation. LPMOs are copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Several LPMOs contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that are known to promote LPMO efficiency. However, structural and functional properties of some CBMs remain unknown, and it is not clear why some LPMOs, like CjLPMO10A from the soil bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus, have multiple CBMs (CjCBM5 and CjCBM73). Here, we studied substrate binding by these two CBMs to shine light on their functional variation and determined the solution structures of both by NMR, which constitutes the first structure of a member of the CBM73 family. Chitin-binding experiments and molecular dynamics simulations showed that, while both CBMs bind crystalline chitin with Kd values in the micromolar range, CjCBM73 has higher affinity for chitin than CjCBM5. Furthermore, NMR titration experiments showed that CjCBM5 binds soluble chitohexaose, whereas no binding of CjCBM73 to this chitooligosaccharide was detected. These functional differences correlate with distinctly different arrangements of three conserved aromatic amino acids involved in substrate binding. In CjCBM5, these residues show a linear arrangement that seems compatible with the experimentally observed affinity for single chitin chains. On the other hand, the arrangement of these residues in CjCBM73 suggests a wider binding surface that may interact with several chitin chains. Taken together, these results provide insight into natural variation among related chitin-binding CBMs and the possible functional implications of such variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Madland
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zarah Forsberg
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Yong Wang
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gaston Courtade
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ruidiaz SF, Dreier JE, Hartmann-Petersen R, Kragelund BB. The disordered PCI-binding human proteins CSNAP and DSS1 have diverged in structure and function. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2069-2082. [PMID: 34272906 PMCID: PMC8442969 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) regularly constitute components of larger protein assemblies contributing to architectural stability. Two small, highly acidic IDPs have been linked to the so-called PCI complexes carrying PCI-domain subunits, including the proteasome lid and the COP9 signalosome. These two IDPs, DSS1 and CSNAP, have been proposed to have similar structural propensities and functions, but they display differences in their interactions and interactome sizes. Here we characterized the structural properties of human DSS1 and CSNAP at the residue level using NMR spectroscopy and probed their propensities to bind ubiquitin. We find that distinct structural features present in DSS1 are completely absent in CSNAP, and vice versa, with lack of relevant ubiquitin binding to CSNAP, suggesting the two proteins to have diverged in both structure and function. Our work additionally highlights that different local features of seemingly similar IDPs, even subtle sequence variance, may endow them with different functional traits. Such traits may underlie their potential to engage in multiple interactions thereby impacting their interactome sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Ruidiaz
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper E Dreier
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Linderstrøm Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
VanPelt J, Stoffel S, Staude MW, Dempster K, Rose HA, Graney S, Graney E, Braynard S, Kovrigina E, Leonard DA, Peng JW. Arginine Modulates Carbapenem Deactivation by OXA-24/40 in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167150. [PMID: 34271009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics stems mainly from β-lactamase proteins that hydrolytically deactivate the β-lactams. Of particular concern are the β-lactamases that can deactivate a class of β-lactams known as carbapenems. Carbapenems are among the few anti-infectives that can treat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Revealing the mechanisms of their deactivation by β-lactamases is a necessary step for preserving their therapeutic value. Here, we present NMR investigations of OXA-24/40, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class D β-lactamase (CHDL) expressed in the gram-negative pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii. Using rapid data acquisition methods, we were able to study the "real-time" deactivation of the carbapenem known as doripenem by OXA-24/40. Our results indicate that OXA-24/40 has two deactivation mechanisms: canonical hydrolytic cleavage, and a distinct mechanism that produces a β-lactone product that has weak affinity for the OXA-24/40 active site. The mechanisms issue from distinct active site environments poised either for hydrolysis or β-lactone formation. Mutagenesis reveals that R261, a conserved active site arginine, stabilizes the active site environment enabling β-lactone formation. Our results have implications not only for OXA-24/40, but the larger family of CHDLs now challenging clinical settings on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie VanPelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Shannon Stoffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Michael W Staude
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kayla Dempster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Heath A Rose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sarah Graney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Erin Graney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sara Braynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Elizaveta Kovrigina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David A Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Purslow JA, Thimmesch JN, Sivo V, Nguyen TT, Khatiwada B, Dotas RR, Venditti V. A Single Point Mutation Controls the Rate of Interconversion Between the g + and g - Rotamers of the Histidine 189 χ2 Angle That Activates Bacterial Enzyme I for Catalysis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:699203. [PMID: 34307459 PMCID: PMC8295985 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.699203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme I (EI) of the bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a master regulator of bacterial metabolism and a promising target for development of a new class of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The catalytic activity of EI is mediated by several intradomain, interdomain, and intersubunit conformational equilibria. Therefore, in addition to its relevance as a drug target, EI is also a good model for investigating the dynamics/function relationship in multidomain, oligomeric proteins. Here, we use solution NMR and protein design to investigate how the conformational dynamics occurring within the N-terminal domain (EIN) affect the activity of EI. We show that the rotameric g+-to-g− transition of the active site residue His189 χ2 angle is decoupled from the state A-to-state B transition that describes a ∼90° rigid-body rearrangement of the EIN subdomains upon transition of the full-length enzyme to its catalytically competent closed form. In addition, we engineered EIN constructs with modulated conformational dynamics by hybridizing EIN from mesophilic and thermophilic species, and used these chimeras to assess the effect of increased or decreased active site flexibility on the enzymatic activity of EI. Our results indicate that the rate of the autophosphorylation reaction catalyzed by EI is independent from the kinetics of the g+-to-g− rotameric transition that exposes the phosphorylation site on EIN to the incoming phosphoryl group. In addition, our work provides an example of how engineering of hybrid mesophilic/thermophilic chimeras can assist investigations of the dynamics/function relationship in proteins, therefore opening new possibilities in biophysics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Purslow
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Valeria Sivo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università Degli Studi Della Campania, Caserta, Italy
| | - Trang T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Rochelle R Dotas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vincenzo Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hyde EI, Chau AKW, Smith LJ. Backbone assignment of E. coli NfsB and the effects of addition of the cofactor analogue nicotinic acid. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2021; 15:143-151. [PMID: 33423170 PMCID: PMC7974150 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
E. coli nitroreductase NfsB (also called NfnB) has been studied extensively, largely due to its potential for cancer gene therapy. A homodimeric flavoprotein of 216 residues, it catalyses the reduction of nitroaromatics to cytotoxic hydroxylamines by NADH and NADPH and also the reduction of quinones to hydroxyquinones. Its role in vivo is not known but it is postulated to be involved in reducing oxidative stress. The crystal structures of the wild type protein and several homologues have been determined in the absence and presence of ligands, including nicotinate as a mimic of the headpiece of the nicotinamide cofactors. There is little effect on the overall structure of the protein on binding ligands, but, from the B factors, there appears to be a decrease in mobility of 2 helices near the active site. As a first step towards examining the dynamics of the protein in solution with and without ligand, we have assigned the backbone 13C, 15N, and 1HN resonances of NfsB and examined the effect of the binding of nicotinate on the amide 15N, and 1HN shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva I Hyde
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Alex Ka-Wing Chau
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Legislative Council Complex, Central, Hong Kong
| | - Lorna J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mechanism of hERG inhibition by gating-modifier toxin, APETx1, deduced by functional characterization. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:3. [PMID: 33413079 PMCID: PMC7791793 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human ether-à-go-go-related gene potassium channel 1 (hERG) is a voltage-gated potassium channel, the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of which is targeted by a gating-modifier toxin, APETx1. APETx1 is a 42-residue peptide toxin of sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and inhibits hERG by stabilizing the resting state. A previous study that conducted cysteine-scanning analysis of hERG identified two residues in the S3-S4 region of the VSD that play important roles in hERG inhibition by APETx1. However, mutational analysis of APETx1 could not be conducted as only natural resources have been available until now. Therefore, it remains unclear where and how APETx1 interacts with the VSD in the resting state. Results We established a method for preparing recombinant APETx1 and determined the NMR structure of the recombinant APETx1, which is structurally equivalent to the natural product. Electrophysiological analyses using wild type and mutants of APETx1 and hERG revealed that their hydrophobic residues, F15, Y32, F33, and L34, in APETx1, and F508 and I521 in hERG, in addition to a previously reported acidic hERG residue, E518, play key roles in the inhibition of hERG by APETx1. Our hypothetical docking models of the APETx1-VSD complex satisfied the results of mutational analysis. Conclusions The present study identified the key residues of APETx1 and hERG that are involved in hERG inhibition by APETx1. These results would help advance understanding of the inhibitory mechanism of APETx1, which could provide a structural basis for designing novel ligands targeting the VSDs of KV channels.
Collapse
|
35
|
Otten R, Pádua RAP, Bunzel HA, Nguyen V, Pitsawong W, Patterson M, Sui S, Perry SL, Cohen AE, Hilvert D, Kern D. How directed evolution reshapes the energy landscape in an enzyme to boost catalysis. Science 2020; 370:1442-1446. [PMID: 33214289 PMCID: PMC9616100 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of biocatalysts designed computationally and optimized by laboratory evolution provides an opportunity to explore molecular strategies for augmenting catalytic function. Applying a suite of nuclear magnetic resonance, crystallography, and stopped-flow techniques to an enzyme designed for an elementary proton transfer reaction, we show how directed evolution gradually altered the conformational ensemble of the protein scaffold to populate a narrow, highly active conformational ensemble and accelerate this transformation by nearly nine orders of magnitude. Mutations acquired during optimization enabled global conformational changes, including high-energy backbone rearrangements, that cooperatively organized the catalytic base and oxyanion stabilizer, thus perfecting transition-state stabilization. The development of protein catalysts for many chemical transformations could be facilitated by explicitly sampling conformational substates during design and specifically stabilizing productive substates over all unproductive conformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee Otten
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Ricardo A P Pádua
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - H Adrian Bunzel
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Warintra Pitsawong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - MacKenzie Patterson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Shuo Sui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Aina E Cohen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Dorothee Kern
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nucleus Accumbens-Associated Protein 1 Binds DNA Directly through the BEN Domain in a Sequence-Specific Manner. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120608. [PMID: 33327466 PMCID: PMC7764960 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) is a nuclear protein that harbors an amino-terminal BTB domain and a carboxyl-terminal BEN domain. NAC1 appears to play significant and diverse functions in cancer and stem cell biology. Here we demonstrated that the BEN domain of NAC1 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain. We selected the palindromic 6 bp motif ACATGT as a target sequence by using a PCR-assisted random oligonucleotide selection approach. The interaction between NAC1 and target DNA was characterized by gel shift assays, pull-down assays, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, and NMR chemical shifts perturbation (CSP). The solution NMR structure revealed that the BEN domain of human NAC-1 is composed of five conserved α helices and two short β sheets, with an additional hitherto unknown N-terminal α helix. In particular, ITC clarified that there are two sequential events in the titration of the BEN domain of NAC1 into the target DNA. The ITC results were further supported by CSP data and structure analyses. Furthermore, live cell photobleaching analyses revealed that the BEN domain of NAC1 alone was unable to interact with chromatin/other proteins in cells.
Collapse
|
37
|
Keiffer S, Carneiro MG, Hollander J, Kobayashi M, Pogoryelev D, Ab E, Theisgen S, Müller G, Siegal G. NMR in target driven drug discovery: why not? JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2020; 74:521-529. [PMID: 32901320 PMCID: PMC7683447 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-020-00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
No matter the source of compounds, drug discovery campaigns focused directly on the target are entirely dependent on a consistent stream of reliable data that reports on how a putative ligand interacts with the protein of interest. The data will derive from many sources including enzyme assays and many types of biophysical binding assays such as TR-FRET, SPR, thermophoresis and many others. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, but none is as information rich and broadly applicable as NMR. Here we provide a number of examples of the utility of NMR for enabling and providing ongoing support for the early pre-clinical phase of small molecule drug discovery efforts. The examples have been selected for their usefulness in a commercial setting, with full understanding of the need for speed, cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eiso Ab
- ZoBio, JH Oortweg 19, 2333CH, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Gerhard Müller
- Gotham GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gregg Siegal
- ZoBio, JH Oortweg 19, 2333CH, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Free University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
An allosteric hot spot in the tandem-SH2 domain of ZAP-70 regulates T-cell signaling. Biochem J 2020; 477:1287-1308. [PMID: 32203568 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling is initiated by recruiting ZAP-70 to the cytosolic part of TCR. ZAP-70, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is composed of an N-terminal tandem SH2 (tSH2) domain connected to the C-terminal kinase domain. The ZAP-70 is recruited to the membrane through binding of tSH2 domain and the doubly phosphorylated ITAM motifs of CD3 chains in the TCR complex. Our results show that the tSH2 domain undergoes a biphasic structural transition while binding to the doubly phosphorylated ITAM-ζ1 peptide. The C-terminal SH2 domain binds first to the phosphotyrosine residue of ITAM peptide to form an encounter complex leading to subsequent binding of second phosphotyrosine residue to the N-SH2 domain. We decipher a network of noncovalent interactions that allosterically couple the two SH2 domains during binding to doubly phosphorylated ITAMs. Mutation in the allosteric network residues, for example, W165C, uncouples the formation of encounter complex to the subsequent ITAM binding thus explaining the altered recruitment of ZAP-70 to the plasma membrane causing autoimmune arthritis in mice. The proposed mechanism of allosteric coupling is unique to ZAP-70, which is fundamentally different from Syk, a close homolog of ZAP-70 expressed in B-cells.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen X, Coric P, Larue V, Turcaud S, Wang X, Nonin-Lecomte S, Bouaziz S. The HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, EP39, interferes with the dynamic helix-coil equilibrium of the CA-SP1 junction of Gag. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112634. [PMID: 32717487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the maturation of HIV-1 particle, the Gag polyprotein is cleaved into several proteins by the HIV-1 protease. These proteins rearrange to form infectious virus particles. In this study, the solution structure and dynamics of a monomeric mutated domain encompassing the C-terminal of capsid, the spacer peptide SP1 and the nucleocapsid from Gag was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the presence of maturation inhibitor EP39, a more hydro-soluble derivative of BVM. We show that the binding of EP39 decreases the dynamics of CA-SP1 junction, especially the QVT motif in SP1, and perturbs the natural coil-helix equilibrium on both sides of the SP1 domain by stabilizing the transient alpha helical structure. Our results provide new insight into the structure and dynamics of the SP1 domain and how HIV-1 maturation inhibitors interfere with this domain. They offer additional clues for the development of new second generation inhibitors targeting HIV-1 maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- CiTCoM, CNRS, UMR 8038, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, Paris, 75270, France
| | - Pascale Coric
- CiTCoM, CNRS, UMR 8038, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, Paris, 75270, France
| | - Valery Larue
- CiTCoM, CNRS, UMR 8038, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, Paris, 75270, France
| | - Serge Turcaud
- LCBPT, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, Paris, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270, France
| | - Xiao Wang
- CiTCoM, CNRS, UMR 8038, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, Paris, 75270, France
| | - Sylvie Nonin-Lecomte
- CiTCoM, CNRS, UMR 8038, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, Paris, 75270, France
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- CiTCoM, CNRS, UMR 8038, Université de Paris, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, Paris, 75270, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lang A, Kumar A, Jirschitzka J, Bordusa F, Ohlenschläger O, Wiedemann C. 1H, 13C, and 15N Backbone assignments of the human brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic (BAALC) protein. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:163-168. [PMID: 32240523 PMCID: PMC7462906 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic (BAALC; UniProt entry Q8WXS3) is a 180-residue-long human protein having six known isoforms. BAALC is expressed in either hematopoietic or neuroectodermal cells and its specific function is still to be revealed. However, as a presumably membrane-anchored protein at the cytoplasmic side it is speculated that BAALC exerts its function at the postsynaptic densities of certain neurons and might play a role in developing cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) when it is highly overexpressed by myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells. In order to better understand the physiological role of BAALC and to provide the basis for a further molecular characterization of BAALC, we report here the 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments for the backbone nuclei of its longest hematopoietic isoform (isoform 1). In addition, we present a 1HN and 15NH chemical shift comparison of BAALC with its shortest, neuroectodermal isoform (isoform 6) which shows only minor changes in the 1H and 15N chemical shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Lang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Jirschitzka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Bordusa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Oliver Ohlenschläger
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ikenoue T, Aprile FA, Sormanni P, Ruggeri FS, Perni M, Heller GT, Haas CP, Middel C, Limbocker R, Mannini B, Michaels TCT, Knowles TPJ, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M. A rationally designed bicyclic peptide remodels Aβ42 aggregation in vitro and reduces its toxicity in a worm model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15280. [PMID: 32943652 PMCID: PMC7498612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic peptides have great therapeutic potential since they can bridge the gap between small molecules and antibodies by combining a low molecular weight of about 2 kDa with an antibody-like binding specificity. Here we apply a recently developed in silico rational design strategy to produce a bicyclic peptide to target the C-terminal region (residues 31–42) of the 42-residue form of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ42), a protein fragment whose aggregation into amyloid plaques is linked with Alzheimer’s disease. We show that this bicyclic peptide is able to remodel the aggregation process of Aβ42 in vitro and to reduce its associated toxicity in vivo in a C. elegans worm model expressing Aβ42. These results provide an initial example of a computational approach to design bicyclic peptides to target specific epitopes on disordered proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ikenoue
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Francesco S Ruggeri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michele Perni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Gabriella T Heller
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christian P Haas
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christoph Middel
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stenzoski NE, Zou J, Piserchio A, Ghose R, Holehouse AS, Raleigh DP. The Cold-Unfolded State Is Expanded but Contains Long- and Medium-Range Contacts and Is Poorly Described by Homopolymer Models. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3290-3299. [PMID: 32786415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cold unfolding of proteins is predicted by the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation and is thought to be driven by a strongly temperature-dependent interaction of protein nonpolar groups with water. Studies of the cold-unfolded state provide insight into protein energetics, partially structured states, and folding cooperativity and are of practical interest in biotechnology. However, structural characterization of the cold-unfolded state is much less extensive than studies of thermally or chemically denatured unfolded states, in large part because the midpoint of the cold unfolding transition is usually below freezing. We exploit a rationally designed point mutation (I98A) in the hydrophobic core of the C-terminal domain of the ribosomal protein L9 that allows the cold denatured state ensemble to be observed above 0 °C at near neutral pH and ambient pressure in the absence of added denaturants. A combined approach consisting of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement measurements, analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering data, all-atom simulations, and polymer theory provides a detailed description of the cold-unfolded state. Despite a globally expanded ensemble, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, sequence-specific medium- and long-range interactions in the cold-unfolded state give rise to deviations from homopolymer-like behavior. Our results reveal that the cold-denatured state is heterogeneous with local and long-range intramolecular interactions that may prime the folded state and also demonstrate that significant long-range interactions are compatible with expanded unfolded ensembles. The work also highlights the limitations of homopolymer-based descriptions of unfolded states of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Stenzoski
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Junjie Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Graduate Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tolkatchev D, Smith GE, Schultz LE, Colpan M, Helms GL, Cort JR, Gregorio CC, Kostyukova AS. Leiomodin creates a leaky cap at the pointed end of actin-thin filaments. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000848. [PMID: 32898131 PMCID: PMC7500696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper lengths of actin-thin filaments are associated with altered contractile activity and lethal myopathies. Leiomodin, a member of the tropomodulin family of proteins, is critical in thin filament assembly and maintenance; however, its role is under dispute. Using nuclear magnetic resonance data and molecular dynamics simulations, we generated the first atomic structural model of the binding interface between the tropomyosin-binding site of cardiac leiomodin and the N-terminus of striated muscle tropomyosin. Our structural data indicate that the leiomodin/tropomyosin complex only forms at the pointed end of thin filaments, where the tropomyosin N-terminus is not blocked by an adjacent tropomyosin protomer. This discovery provides evidence supporting the debated mechanism where leiomodin and tropomodulin regulate thin filament lengths by competing for thin filament binding. Data from experiments performed in cardiomyocytes provide additional support for the competition model; specifically, expression of a leiomodin mutant that is unable to interact with tropomyosin fails to displace tropomodulin at thin filament pointed ends and fails to elongate thin filaments. Together with previous structural and biochemical data, we now propose a molecular mechanism of actin polymerization at the pointed end in the presence of bound leiomodin. In the proposed model, the N-terminal actin-binding site of leiomodin can act as a "swinging gate" allowing limited actin polymerization, thus making leiomodin a leaky pointed-end cap. Results presented in this work answer long-standing questions about the role of leiomodin in thin filament length regulation and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Tolkatchev
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Garry E. Smith
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mert Colpan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory L. Helms
- The Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - John R. Cort
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carol C. Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Alla S. Kostyukova
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reinking HK, Kang HS, Götz MJ, Li HY, Kieser A, Zhao S, Acampora AC, Weickert P, Fessler E, Jae LT, Sattler M, Stingele J. DNA Structure-Specific Cleavage of DNA-Protein Crosslinks by the SPRTN Protease. Mol Cell 2020; 80:102-113.e6. [PMID: 32853547 PMCID: PMC7534798 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Repair of covalent DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) by DNA-dependent proteases has emerged as an essential genome maintenance mechanism required for cellular viability and tumor suppression. However, how proteolysis is restricted to the crosslinked protein while leaving surrounding chromatin proteins unharmed has remained unknown. Using defined DPC model substrates, we show that the DPC protease SPRTN displays strict DNA structure-specific activity. Strikingly, SPRTN cleaves DPCs at or in direct proximity to disruptions within double-stranded DNA. In contrast, proteins crosslinked to intact double- or single-stranded DNA are not cleaved by SPRTN. NMR spectroscopy data suggest that specificity is not merely affinity-driven but achieved through a flexible bipartite strategy based on two DNA binding interfaces recognizing distinct structural features. This couples DNA context to activation of the enzyme, tightly confining SPRTN's action to biologically relevant scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Reinking
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hyun-Seo Kang
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Götz
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hao-Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Kieser
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shubo Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aleida C Acampora
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pedro Weickert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julian Stingele
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Seiffert P, Bugge K, Nygaard M, Haxholm GW, Martinsen JH, Pedersen MN, Arleth L, Boomsma W, Kragelund BB. Orchestration of signaling by structural disorder in class 1 cytokine receptors. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:132. [PMID: 32831102 PMCID: PMC7444064 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class 1 cytokine receptors (C1CRs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins responsible for transmitting signals between the outside and the inside of cells. Remarkably, they orchestrate key biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, immunity and growth through long disordered intracellular domains (ICDs), but without having intrinsic kinase activity. Despite these key roles, their characteristics remain rudimentarily understood. METHODS The current paper asks the question of why disorder has evolved to govern signaling of C1CRs by reviewing the literature in combination with new sequence and biophysical analyses of chain properties across the family. RESULTS We uncover that the C1CR-ICDs are fully disordered and brimming with SLiMs. Many of these short linear motifs (SLiMs) are overlapping, jointly signifying a complex regulation of interactions, including network rewiring by isoforms. The C1CR-ICDs have unique properties that distinguish them from most IDPs and we forward the perception that the C1CR-ICDs are far from simple strings with constitutively bound kinases. Rather, they carry both organizational and operational features left uncovered within their disorder, including mechanisms and complexities of regulatory functions. CONCLUSIONS Critically, the understanding of the fascinating ability of these long, completely disordered chains to orchestrate complex cellular signaling pathways is still in its infancy, and we urge a perceptional shift away from the current simplistic view towards uncovering their full functionalities and potential. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Seiffert
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine Bugge
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mads Nygaard
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gitte W. Haxholm
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob H. Martinsen
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin N. Pedersen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Wouter Boomsma
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- REPIN, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
An allosteric pocket for inhibition of bacterial Enzyme I identified by NMR-based fragment screening. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2020; 4:100034. [PMID: 32743545 PMCID: PMC7385036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme I (EI), which is the key enzyme to activate the bacterial phosphotransferase system, plays an important role in the regulation of several metabolic pathways and controls the biology of bacterial cells at multiple levels. The conservation and ubiquity of EI among different types of bacteria makes the enzyme a potential target for antimicrobial research. Here, we use NMR-based fragment screening to identify novel inhibitors of EI. We identify three molecular fragments that allosterically inhibit the phosphoryl transfer reaction catalyzed by EI by interacting with the enzyme at a surface pocket located more than 10 Å away from the substrate binding site. Interestingly, although the three molecules share the same binding pocket, we observe that two of the discovered EI ligands act as competitive inhibitors while the third ligand acts as a mixed inhibitor. Characterization of the EI-inhibitor complexes by NMR and Molecular Dynamics simulations reveals key interactions that perturb the fold of the active site and provides structural foundation for the different inhibitory activity of the identified molecular fragments. In particular, we show that contacts between the inhibitor and the side-chain of V292 are crucial to destabilize binding of the substrate to EI. In contrast, mixed inhibition is caused by additional contacts between the inhibitor and ⍺-helix 2 that perturb the active site structure and turnover in an allosteric manner. We expect our results to provide the basis for the development of second generation allosteric inhibitors of increased potency and to suggest novel molecular strategies to combat drug-resistant infections.
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu S, Nguyen TTTN, Moroz OV, Turkenburg JP, Nielsen JE, Wilson KS, Rand KD, Teilum K. Conformational heterogeneity of Savinase from NMR, HDX-MS and X-ray diffraction analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9408. [PMID: 32617193 PMCID: PMC7323712 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several examples have emerged of enzymes where slow conformational changes are of key importance for function and where low populated conformations in the resting enzyme resemble the conformations of intermediate states in the catalytic process. Previous work on the subtilisin protease, Savinase, from Bacillus lentus by NMR spectroscopy suggested that this enzyme undergoes slow conformational dynamics around the substrate binding site. However, the functional importance of such dynamics is unknown. Methods Here we have probed the conformational heterogeneity in Savinase by following the temperature dependent chemical shift changes. In addition, we have measured changes in the local stability of the enzyme when the inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride is bound using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Finally, we have used X-ray crystallography to compare electron densities collected at cryogenic and ambient temperatures and searched for possible low populated alternative conformations in the crystals. Results The NMR temperature titration shows that Savinase is most flexible around the active site, but no distinct alternative states could be identified. The HDX shows that modification of Savinase with inhibitor has very little impact on the stability of hydrogen bonds and solvent accessibility of the backbone. The most pronounced structural heterogeneities detected in the diffraction data are limited to alternative side-chain rotamers and a short peptide segment that has an alternative main-chain conformation in the crystal at cryo conditions. Collectively, our data show that there is very little structural heterogeneity in the resting state of Savinase and hence that Savinase does not rely on conformational selection to drive the catalytic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tam T T N Nguyen
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Olga V Moroz
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Johan P Turkenburg
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Keith S Wilson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kaare Teilum
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dotas RR, Nguyen TT, Stewart CE, Ghirlando R, Potoyan DA, Venditti V. Hybrid Thermophilic/Mesophilic Enzymes Reveal a Role for Conformational Disorder in Regulation of Bacterial Enzyme I. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4481-4498. [PMID: 32504625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conformational disorder is emerging as an important feature of biopolymers, regulating a vast array of cellular functions, including signaling, phase separation, and enzyme catalysis. Here we combine NMR, crystallography, computer simulations, protein engineering, and functional assays to investigate the role played by conformational heterogeneity in determining the activity of the C-terminal domain of bacterial Enzyme I (EIC). In particular, we design chimeric proteins by hybridizing EIC from thermophilic and mesophilic organisms, and we characterize the resulting constructs for structure, dynamics, and biological function. We show that EIC exists as a mixture of active and inactive conformations and that functional regulation is achieved by tuning the thermodynamic balance between active and inactive states. Interestingly, we also present a hybrid thermophilic/mesophilic enzyme that is thermostable and more active than the wild-type thermophilic enzyme, suggesting that hybridizing thermophilic and mesophilic proteins is a valid strategy to engineer thermostable enzymes with significant low-temperature activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle R Dotas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Trang T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Charles E Stewart
- Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Davit A Potoyan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Olivieri C, Wang Y, Li GC, V S M, Kim J, Stultz BR, Neibergall M, Porcelli F, Muretta JM, Thomas DDT, Gao J, Blumenthal DK, Taylor SS, Veglia G. Multi-state recognition pathway of the intrinsically disordered protein kinase inhibitor by protein kinase A. eLife 2020; 9:e55607. [PMID: 32338601 PMCID: PMC7234811 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nucleus, the spatiotemporal regulation of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA-C) is orchestrated by an intrinsically disordered protein kinase inhibitor, PKI, which recruits the CRM1/RanGTP nuclear exporting complex. How the PKA-C/PKI complex assembles and recognizes CRM1/RanGTP is not well understood. Using NMR, SAXS, fluorescence, metadynamics, and Markov model analysis, we determined the multi-state recognition pathway for PKI. After a fast binding step in which PKA-C selects PKI's most competent conformations, PKI folds upon binding through a slow conformational rearrangement within the enzyme's binding pocket. The high-affinity and pseudo-substrate regions of PKI become more structured and the transient interactions with the kinase augment the helical content of the nuclear export sequence, which is then poised to recruit the CRM1/RanGTP complex for nuclear translocation. The multistate binding mechanism featured by PKA-C/PKI complex represents a paradigm on how disordered, ancillary proteins (or protein domains) are able to operate multiple functions such as inhibiting the kinase while recruiting other regulatory proteins for nuclear export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Olivieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Geoffrey C Li
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Manu V S
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Jonggul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Joseph M Muretta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - David DT Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Donald K Blumenthal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Holt C, Hamborg L, Lau K, Brohus M, Sørensen AB, Larsen KT, Sommer C, Van Petegem F, Overgaard MT, Wimmer R. The arrhythmogenic N53I variant subtly changes the structure and dynamics in the calmodulin N-terminal domain, altering its interaction with the cardiac ryanodine receptor. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7620-7634. [PMID: 32317284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding the highly conserved Ca2+-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) cause severe cardiac arrhythmias, including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or long QT syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Most of the identified arrhythmogenic mutations reside in the C-terminal domain of CaM and mostly affect Ca2+-coordinating residues. One exception is the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia-causing N53I substitution, which resides in the N-terminal domain (N-domain). It does not affect Ca2+ coordination and has only a minor impact on binding affinity toward Ca2+ and on other biophysical properties. Nevertheless, the N53I substitution dramatically affects CaM's ability to reduce the open probability of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) while having no effect on the regulation of the plasmalemmal voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2. To gain more insight into the molecular disease mechanism of this mutant, we used NMR to investigate the structures and dynamics of both apo- and Ca2+-bound CaM-N53I in solution. We also solved the crystal structures of WT and N53I CaM in complex with the primary calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD2) from RyR2 at 1.84-2.13 Å resolutions. We found that all structures of the arrhythmogenic CaM-N53I variant are highly similar to those of WT CaM. However, we noted that the N53I substitution exposes an additional hydrophobic surface and that the intramolecular dynamics of the protein are significantly altered such that they destabilize the CaM N-domain. We conclude that the N53I-induced changes alter the interaction of the CaM N-domain with RyR2 and thereby likely cause the arrhythmogenic phenotype of this mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Holt
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Hamborg
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kelvin Lau
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Malene Brohus
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Cordula Sommer
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|