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Garbutt TA, Wang Z, Wang H, Ma H, Ruan H, Dong Y, Xie Y, Tan L, Phookan R, Stouffer J, Vedantham V, Yang Y, Qian L, Liu J. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Maturation by Arginine Methyltransferase CARM1. Circulation 2024; 149:1501-1515. [PMID: 38223978 PMCID: PMC11073921 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the neonatal stage, the cardiomyocyte undergoes a constellation of molecular, cytoarchitectural, and functional changes known collectively as cardiomyocyte maturation to increase myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Despite the importance of cardiomyocyte maturation, the molecular mechanisms governing this critical process remain largely unexplored. METHODS We leveraged an in vivo mosaic knockout system to characterize the role of Carm1, the founding member of protein arginine methyltransferase, in cardiomyocyte maturation. Using a battery of assays, including immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy imaging, and action potential recording, we assessed the effect of loss of Carm1 function on cardiomyocyte cell growth, myofibril expansion, T-tubule formation, and electrophysiological maturation. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling, H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the mechanisms by which CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1) regulates cardiomyocyte maturation. Finally, we interrogated the human syntenic region to the H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing peaks for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human heart diseases. RESULTS We report that mosaic ablation of Carm1 disrupts multiple aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation cell autonomously, leading to reduced cardiomyocyte size and sarcomere thickness, severe loss and disorganization of T tubules, and compromised electrophysiological maturation. Genomics study demonstrates that CARM1 directly activates genes that underlie cardiomyocyte cytoarchitectural and electrophysiological maturation. Moreover, our study reveals significant enrichment of human heart disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genomic region syntenic to the H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing peaks. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a critical and multifaceted role for CARM1 in regulating cardiomyocyte maturation and demonstrates that deregulation of CARM1-dependent cardiomyocyte maturation gene expression may contribute to human heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Garbutt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Present address: Department of Cardiology, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hongmei Ruan
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yifang Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ranan Phookan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joy Stouffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vasanth Vedantham
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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Zhu C, Yuan T, Krishnan J. Targeting cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01049-x. [PMID: 38683371 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The limited ability of the adult heart to regenerate has posed challenges in finding effective treatments for cardiac pathologies. While various medications and surgical interventions have been used to improve cardiac function, they are not able to address the extensive loss of functioning cardiomyocytes that occurs during cardiac injury. As a result, there is growing interest in understanding how the cell cycle is regulated and exploring the potential for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation as a means of promoting heart regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on cell cycle regulation and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation in cases of heart failure, while also highlighting established and novel therapeutic strategies targeting this area for treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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3
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Bongiovanni C, Bueno-Levy H, Posadas Pena D, Del Bono I, Miano C, Boriati S, Da Pra S, Sacchi F, Redaelli S, Bergen M, Romaniello D, Pontis F, Tassinari R, Kellerer L, Petraroia I, Mazzeschi M, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Heermann S, Weidinger G, Tzahor E, D'Uva G. BMP7 promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration in zebrafish and adult mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114162. [PMID: 38678558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have a lifelong cardiac regenerative ability after damage, whereas mammals lose this capacity during early postnatal development. This study investigated whether the declining expression of growth factors during postnatal mammalian development contributes to the decrease of cardiomyocyte regenerative potential. Besides confirming the proliferative ability of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), interleukin (IL)1b, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), insulin growth factor (IGF)2, and IL6, we identified other potential pro-regenerative factors, with BMP7 exhibiting the most pronounced efficacy. Bmp7 knockdown in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and loss-of-function in adult zebrafish during cardiac regeneration reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating that Bmp7 is crucial in the regenerative stages of mouse and zebrafish hearts. Conversely, bmp7 overexpression in regenerating zebrafish or administration at post-mitotic juvenile and adult mouse stages, in vitro and in vivo following myocardial infarction, enhanced cardiomyocyte cycling. Mechanistically, BMP7 stimulated proliferation through BMPR1A/ACVR1 and ACVR2A/BMPR2 receptors and downstream SMAD5, ERK, and AKT signaling. Overall, BMP7 administration is a promising strategy for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hanna Bueno-Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St. 234, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Denise Posadas Pena
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Irene Del Bono
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Boriati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Redaelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max Bergen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pontis
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Kellerer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ilaria Petraroia
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephan Heermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St. 234, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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4
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Inouye K, Yeganyan S, Kay K, Thankam FG. Programmed spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes in regenerative cardiology. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00093-8. [PMID: 38520412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells have gained attention as a promising therapeutic approach for damaged myocardium, and there have been efforts to develop a protocol for regenerating cardiomyocytes (CMs). Certain cells have showed a greater aptitude for yielding beating CMs, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and extended pluripotent stem cells. The approach for generating CMs from stem cells differs across studies, although there is evidence that Wnt signaling, chemical additives, electrical stimulation, co-culture, biomaterials and transcription factors triggers CM differentiation. Upregulation of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 transcription factors has been correlated with successfully induced CMs, although Mef2c may potentially play a more prominent role in the generation of the beating phenotype, specifically. Regenerative research provides a possible candidate for cardiac repair; however, it is important to identify factors that influence their differentiation. Altogether, the spontaneously beating CMs would be monumental for regenerative research for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Inouye
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Yeganyan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Kaelen Kay
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.
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5
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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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7
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Chen S, Hu J, Xu Y, Yan J, Li S, Chen L, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy reveals inhibited cardiac development pathways in children. iScience 2024; 27:108642. [PMID: 38205249 PMCID: PMC10777066 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological, etiological, and clinical characteristics vary greatly between pediatric (P-HCM) and adult (A-HCM) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, and the understanding of the heterogeneous pathogenesis mechanisms is insufficient to date. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively assess the respective transcriptome signatures and uncover the essential differences in gene expression patterns among A-HCM and P-HCM. The transcriptome data of adults were collected from public data (GSE89714), and novel pediatric data were first obtained by RNA sequencing from 14 P-HCM and 9 infantile donor heart samples. Our study demonstrates the common signatures of myofilament or protein synthesis and calcium ion regulation pathways in HCM. Mitochondrial function is specifically dysregulated in A-HCM, whereas the inhibition of cardiac developing networks typifies P-HCM. These findings not only distinguish the transcriptome characteristics in children and adults with HCM but also reveal the potential mechanism of the higher incidence of septal defects in P-HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pinnacles Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200126, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Beisaw A, Wu CC. Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:8-27. [PMID: 36502296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de-maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Stanley A, Athanasuleas C. Timing of Surgery for Asymptomatic Primary Mitral Regurgitation: Possible Value of Early, Serial Measurements of Left Ventricular Sphericity. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:93-101. [PMID: 38351687 PMCID: PMC11107465 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x277223240206062319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic primary mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets may remain so for long periods, even as left ventricular function progresses to a decompensated stage. During the early compensated stage, the ventricle's initial response to the volume overload is an asymmetric increase in the diastolic short axis dimension, accomplished by a diastolic shift of the interventricular septum into the right ventricular cavity, creating a more spherical left ventricular diastolic shape, increasing diastolic filling and stroke volume. Early valve repair is recommended to reduce postoperative left ventricular dysfunction. Early serial measurements of left ventricular sphericity index [LV-Si]. during the compensated stage of mitral regurgitation might identify subtle changes in left ventricular shape and assist in determining the optimal earliest timing for surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Stanley
- Cardiovascular Associates of the Southeast, Birmingham AL and Kemp-Carraway Heart Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Constantine Athanasuleas
- Department of Surgery, North Alabama Medical Center and Kemp-Carraway Heart Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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Huang H, Huang GN, Payumo AY. Two decades of heart regeneration research: Cardiomyocyte proliferation and beyond. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1629. [PMID: 37700522 PMCID: PMC10840678 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Interest in vertebrate cardiac regeneration has exploded over the past two decades since the discovery that adult zebrafish are capable of complete heart regeneration, contrasting the limited regenerative potential typically observed in adult mammalian hearts. Undercovering the mechanisms that both support and limit cardiac regeneration across the animal kingdom may provide unique insights in how we may unlock this capacity in adult humans. In this review, we discuss key discoveries in the heart regeneration field over the last 20 years. Initially, seminal findings revealed that pre-existing cardiomyocytes are the major source of regenerated cardiac muscle, drawing interest into the intrinsic mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, recent studies have identified the importance of intercellular interactions and physiological adaptations, which highlight the vast complexity of the cardiac regenerative process. Finally, we compare strategies that have been tested to increase the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander Y Payumo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
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11
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Ruf L, Bukowska A, Gardemann A, Goette A. Coagulation Factor Xa Has No Effects on the Expression of PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 and No Proinflammatory Effects on HL-1 Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2849. [PMID: 38132169 PMCID: PMC10741780 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), characterised by irregular high-frequency contractions of the atria of the heart, is of increasing clinical importance. The reasons are the increasing prevalence and thromboembolic complications caused by AF. So-called atrial remodelling is characterised, among other things, by atrial dilatation and fibrotic remodelling. As a result, AF is self-sustaining and forms a procoagulant state. But hypercoagulation not only appears to be the consequence of AF. Coagulation factors can exert influence on cells via protease-activated receptors (PAR) and thereby the procoagulation state could contribute to the development and maintenance of AF. In this work, the influence of FXa on Heart Like-1 (HL-1) cells, which are murine adult atrial cardiomyocytes (immortalized), was investigated. PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 expression was detected. After incubations with FXa (5-50 nM; 4-24 h) or PAR1- and PAR2-agonists (20 µM; 4-24 h), no changes occurred in PAR expression or in the inflammatory signalling cascade. There were no time- or concentration-dependent changes in the phosphorylation of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 or the p65 subunit of NF-κB. In addition, there was no change in the mRNA expression of the cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, fibronectin). Thus, FXa has no direct PAR-dependent effects on HL-1 cells. Future studies should investigate the influence of FXa on human cardiomyocytes or on other cardiac cell types like fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ruf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alicja Bukowska
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gardemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Goette
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz-Hospital Paderborn, Am Busdorf 2, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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12
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Liu X, Li X, Zhou H. Changes in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 2 during rat physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:595. [PMID: 38053021 PMCID: PMC10696840 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are important pathophysiological processes of adult congenital heart disease-associated ventricular hypertrophy. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is a vital marker of myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate the changes in GOT levels during physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rats. METHODS RNA-seq analysis and colorimetric methods were used to evaluate the changes in GOT mRNA and activity, respectively. GOT2 protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Hematoxylin-eosin and wheat germ agglutinin methods were used to observe changes in rat cardiomyocyte morphology. RESULTS In juvenile rat hearts, GOT mRNA expression and activity, and GOT2 protein level increased with age-related physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; however, GOT2 protein level was reduced in hypoxia-induced pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS GOT2 may regulate physiological and pathological myocardial hypertrophy in rats. We speculated that the low GOT2 level contributed to the rapid occurrence of pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, causing strong plasticity of right ventricular cardiomyocytes in the early postnatal period and heart failure in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Experimental Research Center, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haotan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
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13
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Ormrod B, Ehler E. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes-more show than substance? Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1941-1950. [PMID: 38192353 PMCID: PMC10771368 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes that are derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM) are an exciting tool to investigate cardiomyopathy disease mechanisms at the cellular level as well as to screen for potential side effects of novel drugs. However, currently their benefit is limited due to their fairly immature differentiation status under conventional culture conditions. This review is mainly aimed at researchers outside of the iPSC-CM field and will describe potential pitfalls and which features at the level of the myofibrils would be desired to make them a more representative model system. We will also discuss different strategies that may help to achieve these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Ormrod
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Biosciences), Room 3.26A, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
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14
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Gadsby Z, Garland J, Thompson M, Ondruschka B, Da Broi U, Tse R. Binucleated Myocytes and Heart Weight: A Preliminary Study Linking Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myocyte Hypertrophy. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:273-277. [PMID: 37527350 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertrophy of the heart is assessed by heart weight (and dimensions) and myocyte hypertrophy. Establishing an association between the two may be useful in assessing hypertrophy in cases where there are limitations in assessing the heart weight. This preliminary study explored the association between the number of binucleated myocytes (a feature of myocyte hypertrophy) in a randomly chosen single high-power field of the left ventricular free wall and heart weight in an adult White population. It also compared the number of binucleated myocytes between cases with increased heart weight (>400 g in female and >500 g in male) and cases with normal heart weight. Heart weight and number of binucleated myocytes correlated significantly in male only. Increased heart weight had a significantly higher number of binucleated myocytes, with 8.5 binucleated myocytes being able to segregate cases with increased heart weight (74% sensitivity and 79% specificity). The results of this study showed the number of binucleated myocytes may have a complementary role in assessing hypertrophy of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena Gadsby
- From the Griffith University School of Medicine, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jack Garland
- Queensland Public Health and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ugo Da Broi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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15
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Park S, Huang H, Ross I, Moreno J, Khyeam S, Simmons J, Huang GN, Payumo AY. Quantitative Three-dimensional Label-free Digital Holographic Imaging of Cardiomyocyte Size, Ploidy, and Cell Division. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.02.565407. [PMID: 37961676 PMCID: PMC10635088 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration in newborn rodents depends on the ability of pre-existing cardiomyocytes to proliferate and divide. This capacity is lost within the first week of postnatal development when these cells rapidly switch from hyperplasia to hypertrophy, withdraw from the cell cycle, become binucleated, and increase in size. How these dynamic changes in size and ploidy impact cardiomyocyte proliferative potential is not well understood. In this study, we innovate the application of a commercially available digital holographic imaging microscope, the Holomonitor M4, to evaluate the proliferative responses of mononucleated diploid and binucleated tetraploid cardiomyocytes. This instrument coupled with the powerful Holomonitor App Suite software enables long-term label-free quantitative three-dimensional tracking of primary cardiomyocyte dynamics in real-time with single-cell resolution. Our digital holographic imaging results provide direct evidence that mononucleated cardiomyocytes retain significant proliferative potential as most can successfully divide with high frequency. In contrast, binucleated cardiomyocytes exhibit a blunted response to a proliferative stimulus with the majority not attempting to divide at all. Nevertheless, some binucleated cardiomyocytes were capable of complete division, suggesting that these cells still do retain limited proliferative capacity. By quantitatively tracking cardiomyocyte volume dynamics during these proliferative responses, we reveal that both mononucleated and binucleated cells reach a unique size threshold prior to attempted cell division. The absolute threshold is increased by binucleation, which may limit the ability of binucleated cardiomyocytes to divide. By defining the interrelationship between cardiomyocyte size, ploidy, and cell cycle control, we will better understand the cellular mechanisms that drive the loss of mammalian cardiac regenerative capacity after birth.
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16
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Lamberto F, Shashikadze B, Elkhateib R, Lombardo SD, Horánszky A, Balogh A, Kistamás K, Zana M, Menche J, Fröhlich T, Dinnyés A. Low-dose Bisphenol A exposure alters the functionality and cellular environment in a human cardiomyocyte model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122359. [PMID: 37567409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Early embryonic development represents a sensitive time-window during which the foetus might be vulnerable to the exposure of environmental contaminants, potentially leading to heart diseases also later in life. Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical widely used in plastics manufacturing, has been associated with heart developmental defects, even in low concentrations. This study aims to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant doses of BPA on developing cardiomyocytes using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived model. Firstly, a 2D in vitro differentiation system to obtain cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs (hiPSC-CMs) have been established and characterised to provide a suitable model for the early stages of cardiac development. Then, the effects of a repeated BPA exposure, starting from the undifferentiated stage throughout the differentiation process, were evaluated. The chemical significantly decreased the beat rate of hiPSC-CMs, extending the contraction and relaxation time in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed a high abundance of basement membrane (BM) components (e.g., COL4A1, COL4A2, LAMC1, NID2) and a significant increase in TNNC1 and SERBP1 proteins in hiPSC-CMs treated with BPA. Network analysis of proteomics data supported altered extracellular matrix remodelling and provided a disease-gene association with well-known pathological conditions of the heart. Furthermore, upon hypoxia-reoxygenation challenge, hiPSC-CMs treated with BPA showed higher rate of apoptotic events. Taken together, our results revealed that a long-term treatment, even with low doses of BPA, interferes with hiPSC-CMs functionality and alters the surrounding cellular environment, providing new insights about diseases that might arise upon the toxin exposure. Our study contributes to the current understanding of BPA effects on developing human foetal cardiomyocytes, in correlation with human clinical observations and animal studies, and it provides a suitable model for New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for environmental chemical hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lamberto
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Radwa Elkhateib
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Salvo Danilo Lombardo
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex Horánszky
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Kornél Kistamás
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Melinda Zana
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Jörg Menche
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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17
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Zhu M, Liang H, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Pu J, Hang X, Zhou Q, Xiang J, He X. Distinct mononuclear diploid cardiac subpopulation with minimal cell-cell communications persists in embryonic and adult mammalian heart. Front Med 2023; 17:939-956. [PMID: 37294383 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes (MNDCMs), with regeneration potential, could persist in adult mammalian heart. However, the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illuminated. To this end, 12 645 cardiac cells were generated from embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal days 2 and 8 mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Three cardiac developmental paths were identified: two switching to cardiomyocytes (CM) maturation with close CM-fibroblast (FB) communications and one maintaining MNDCM status with least CM-FB communications. Proliferative MNDCMs having interactions with macrophages and non-proliferative MNDCMs (non-pMNDCMs) with minimal cell-cell communications were identified in the third path. The non-pMNDCMs possessed distinct properties: the lowest mitochondrial metabolisms, the highest glycolysis, and high expression of Myl4 and Tnni1. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining further proved that the Myl4+Tnni1+ MNDCMs persisted in embryonic and adult hearts. These MNDCMs were mapped to the heart by integrating the spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data. In conclusion, a novel non-pMNDCM subpopulation with minimal cell-cell communications was unveiled, highlighting the importance of microenvironment contribution to CM fate during maturation. These findings could improve the understanding of MNDCM heterogeneity and cardiac development, thus providing new clues for approaches to effective cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huamin Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingwen Pu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiacheng Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ximiao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, `, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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18
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Boogerd CJ, Perini I, Kyriakopoulou E, Han SJ, La P, van der Swaan B, Berkhout JB, Versteeg D, Monshouwer-Kloots J, van Rooij E. Cardiomyocyte proliferation is suppressed by ARID1A-mediated YAP inhibition during cardiac maturation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4716. [PMID: 37543677 PMCID: PMC10404286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of adult human cardiomyocytes to proliferate is an obstacle to efficient cardiac regeneration after injury. Understanding the mechanisms that drive postnatal cardiomyocytes to switch to a non-regenerative state is therefore of great significance. Here we show that Arid1a, a subunit of the switching defective/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, suppresses postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation while enhancing maturation. Genome-wide transcriptome and epigenome analyses revealed that Arid1a is required for the activation of a cardiomyocyte maturation gene program by promoting DNA access to transcription factors that drive cardiomyocyte maturation. Furthermore, we show that ARID1A directly binds and inhibits the proliferation-promoting transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ, indicating ARID1A sequesters YAP/TAZ from their DNA-binding partner TEAD. In ischemic heart disease, Arid1a expression is enhanced in cardiomyocytes of the border zone region. Inactivation of Arid1a after ischemic injury enhanced proliferation of border zone cardiomyocytes. Our study illuminates the pivotal role of Arid1a in cardiomyocyte maturation, and uncovers Arid1a as a crucial suppressor of cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Boogerd
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Ilaria Perini
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eirini Kyriakopoulou
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Su Ji Han
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Phit La
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jari B Berkhout
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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19
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Galow AM, Brenmoehl J, Hoeflich A. Synergistic effects of hormones on structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and implications for heart regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:240. [PMID: 37541969 PMCID: PMC10403476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the human heart renders cardiovascular diseases a major health threat, thus motivating intense research on in vitro heart cell generation and cell replacement therapies. However, so far, in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes share a rather fetal phenotype, limiting their utility for drug testing and cell-based heart repair. Various strategies to foster cellular maturation provide some success, but fully matured cardiomyocytes are still to be achieved. Today, several hormones are recognized for their effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and function. Here, we will discuss how the endocrine system impacts cardiomyocyte maturation. After detailing which features characterize a mature phenotype, we will contemplate hormones most promising to induce such a phenotype, the routes of their action, and experimental evidence for their significance in this process. Due to their pleiotropic effects, hormones might be not only valuable to improve in vitro heart cell generation but also beneficial for in vivo heart regeneration. Accordingly, we will also contemplate how the presented hormones might be exploited for hormone-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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20
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Grandi E, Navedo MF, Saucerman JJ, Bers DM, Chiamvimonvat N, Dixon RE, Dobrev D, Gomez AM, Harraz OF, Hegyi B, Jones DK, Krogh-Madsen T, Murfee WL, Nystoriak MA, Posnack NG, Ripplinger CM, Veeraraghavan R, Weinberg S. Diversity of cells and signals in the cardiovascular system. J Physiol 2023; 601:2547-2592. [PMID: 36744541 PMCID: PMC10313794 DOI: 10.1113/jp284011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This white paper is the outcome of the seventh UC Davis Cardiovascular Research Symposium on Systems Approach to Understanding Cardiovascular Disease and Arrhythmia. This biannual meeting aims to bring together leading experts in subfields of cardiovascular biomedicine to focus on topics of importance to the field. The theme of the 2022 Symposium was 'Cell Diversity in the Cardiovascular System, cell-autonomous and cell-cell signalling'. Experts in the field contributed their experimental and mathematical modelling perspectives and discussed emerging questions, controversies, and challenges in examining cell and signal diversity, co-ordination and interrelationships involved in cardiovascular function. This paper originates from the topics of formal presentations and informal discussions from the Symposium, which aimed to develop a holistic view of how the multiple cell types in the cardiovascular system integrate to influence cardiovascular function, disease progression and therapeutic strategies. The first section describes the major cell types (e.g. cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, immune cells, etc.) and the signals involved in cardiovascular function. The second section emphasizes the complexity at the subcellular, cellular and system levels in the context of cardiovascular development, ageing and disease. Finally, the third section surveys the technological innovations that allow the interrogation of this diversity and advancing our understanding of the integrated cardiovascular function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donald M. Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E. Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M. Gomez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trine Krogh-Madsen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew A. Nystoriak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nikki G. Posnack
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric and Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University – Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Salameh S, Ogueri V, Posnack NG. Adapting to a new environment: postnatal maturation of the human cardiomyocyte. J Physiol 2023; 601:2593-2619. [PMID: 37031380 PMCID: PMC10775138 DOI: 10.1113/jp283792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Ogueri
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Elia A, Mohsin S, Khan M. Cardiomyocyte Ploidy, Metabolic Reprogramming and Heart Repair. Cells 2023; 12:1571. [PMID: 37371041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is made up of cardiomyocytes (CMs) that maintain pump function but are unable to divide and form new myocytes in response to myocardial injury. In contrast, the developmental cardiac tissue is made up of proliferative CMs that regenerate injured myocardium. In mammals, CMs during development are diploid and mononucleated. In response to cardiac maturation, CMs undergo polyploidization and binucleation associated with CM functional changes. The transition from mononucleation to binucleation coincides with unique metabolic changes and shift in energy generation. Recent studies provide evidence that metabolic reprogramming promotes CM cell cycle reentry and changes in ploidy and nucleation state in the heart that together enhances cardiac structure and function after injury. This review summarizes current literature regarding changes in CM ploidy and nucleation during development, maturation and in response to cardiac injury. Importantly, how metabolism affects CM fate transition between mononucleation and binucleation and its impact on cell cycle progression, proliferation and ability to regenerate the heart will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Elia
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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23
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Ostadal B, Kolar F, Ostadalova I, Sedmera D, Olejnickova V, Hlavackova M, Alanova P. Developmental Aspects of Cardiac Adaptation to Increased Workload. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050205. [PMID: 37233172 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is capable of extensive adaptive growth in response to the demands of the body. When the heart is confronted with an increased workload over a prolonged period, it tends to cope with the situation by increasing its muscle mass. The adaptive growth response of the cardiac muscle changes significantly during phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. Cold-blooded animals maintain the ability for cardiomyocyte proliferation even in adults. On the other hand, the extent of proliferation during ontogenetic development in warm-blooded species shows significant temporal limitations: whereas fetal and neonatal cardiac myocytes express proliferative potential (hyperplasia), after birth proliferation declines and the heart grows almost exclusively by hypertrophy. It is, therefore, understandable that the regulation of the cardiac growth response to the increased workload also differs significantly during development. The pressure overload (aortic constriction) induced in animals before the switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth leads to a specific type of left ventricular hypertrophy which, in contrast with the same stimulus applied in adulthood, is characterized by hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, capillary angiogenesis and biogenesis of collagenous structures, proportional to the growth of myocytes. These studies suggest that timing may be of crucial importance in neonatal cardiac interventions in humans: early definitive repairs of selected congenital heart disease may be more beneficial for the long-term results of surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuslav Ostadal
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Ostadalova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejnickova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Alanova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Gladka MM, Johansen AKZ, van Kampen SJ, Peters MMC, Molenaar B, Versteeg D, Kooijman L, Zentilin L, Giacca M, van Rooij E. Thymosin β4 and prothymosin α promote cardiac regeneration post-ischaemic injury in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:802-812. [PMID: 36125329 PMCID: PMC10153422 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The adult mammalian heart is a post-mitotic organ. Even in response to necrotic injuries, where regeneration would be essential to reinstate cardiac structure and function, only a minor percentage of cardiomyocytes undergo cytokinesis. The gene programme that promotes cell division within this population of cardiomyocytes is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the gene expression profile of proliferating adult cardiomyocytes in the mammalian heart after myocardial ischaemia, to identify factors to can promote cardiac regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrate increased 5-ethynyl-2'deoxyuridine incorporation in cardiomyocytes 3 days post-myocardial infarction in mice. By applying multi-colour lineage tracing, we show that this is paralleled by clonal expansion of cardiomyocytes in the borderzone of the infarcted tissue. Bioinformatic analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from cardiomyocytes at 3 days post ischaemic injury revealed a distinct transcriptional profile in cardiomyocytes expressing cell cycle markers. Combinatorial overexpression of the enriched genes within this population in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and mice at postnatal day 12 (P12) unveiled key genes that promoted increased cardiomyocyte proliferation. Therapeutic delivery of these gene cocktails into the myocardial wall after ischaemic injury demonstrated that a combination of thymosin beta 4 (TMSB4) and prothymosin alpha (PTMA) provide a permissive environment for cardiomyocyte proliferation and thereby attenuated cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSION This study reveals the transcriptional profile of proliferating cardiomyocytes in the ischaemic heart and shows that overexpression of the two identified factors, TMSB4 and PTMA, can promote cardiac regeneration. This work indicates that in addition to activating cardiomyocyte proliferation, a supportive environment is a key for regeneration to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Gladka
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Katrine Z Johansen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J van Kampen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn M C Peters
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Molenaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- AAV Vector Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Velayutham N, Calderon MU, Alfieri CM, Padula SL, van Leeuwen FN, Scheijen B, Yutzey KE. Btg1 and Btg2 regulate neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:30-41. [PMID: 37062247 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Rodent cardiomyocytes undergo mitotic arrest in the first postnatal week. Here, we investigate the role of transcriptional co-regulator Btg2 (B-cell translocation gene 2) and functionally-similar homolog Btg1 in postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycling and maturation. Btg1 and Btg2 (Btg1/2) are expressed in neonatal C57BL/6 mouse left ventricles coincident with cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Btg1/2 constitutive double knockout (DKO) mouse hearts exhibit increased pHH3+ mitotic cardiomyocytes compared to Wildtype at postnatal day (P)7, but not at P30. Similarly, neonatal AAV9-mediated Btg1/2 double knockdown (DKD) mouse hearts exhibit increased EdU+ mitotic cardiomyocytes compared to Scramble AAV9-shRNA controls at P7, but not at P14. In neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) cultures, siRNA-mediated Btg1/2 single and double knockdown cohorts showed increased EdU+ cardiomyocytes compared to Scramble siRNA controls, without increase in binucleation or nuclear DNA content. RNAseq analyses of Btg1/2-depleted NRVMs support a role for Btg1/2 in inhibiting cell proliferation, and in modulating reactive oxygen species response pathways, implicated in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Together, these data identify Btg1 and Btg2 as novel contributing factors in mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christina M Alfieri
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie L Padula
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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26
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Watanabe H, Tao G, Gan P, Westbury BC, Cox KD, Tjen K, Song R, Fishman GI, Makita T, Sucov HM. Purkinje Cardiomyocytes of the Adult Ventricular Conduction System Are Highly Diploid but Not Uniquely Regenerative. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040161. [PMID: 37103040 PMCID: PMC10140853 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hearts are characterized by inefficient regeneration after injury, thus, the features that support or prevent cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation are important to clarify. Diploid CMs are a candidate cell type that may have unique proliferative and regenerative competence, but no molecular markers are yet known that selectively identify all or subpopulations of diploid CMs. Here, using the conduction system expression marker Cntn2-GFP and the conduction system lineage marker Etv1CreERT2, we demonstrate that Purkinje CMs that comprise the adult ventricular conduction system are disproportionately diploid (33%, vs. 4% of bulk ventricular CMs). These, however, represent only a small proportion (3%) of the total diploid CM population. Using EdU incorporation during the first postnatal week, we demonstrate that bulk diploid CMs found in the later heart enter and complete the cell cycle during the neonatal period. In contrast, a significant fraction of conduction CMs persist as diploid cells from fetal life and avoid neonatal cell cycle activity. Despite their high degree of diploidy, the Purkinje lineage had no enhanced competence to support regeneration after adult heart infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peiheng Gan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baylee C Westbury
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristie D Cox
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey Tjen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruolan Song
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takako Makita
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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27
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Secco I, Giacca M. Regulation of endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation: The known unknowns. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:80-89. [PMID: 37030487 PMCID: PMC10390341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial regeneration in patients with cardiac damage is a long-sought goal of clinical medicine. In animal species in which regeneration occurs spontaneously, as well as in neonatal mammals, regeneration occurs through the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes, which re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Hence, the reprogramming of the replicative potential of cardiomyocytes is an achievable goal, provided that the mechanisms that regulate this process are understood. Cardiomyocyte proliferation is under the control of a series of signal transduction pathways that connect extracellular cues to the activation of specific gene transcriptional programmes, eventually leading to the activation of the cell cycle. Both coding and non-coding RNAs (in particular, microRNAs) are involved in this regulation. The available information can be exploited for therapeutic purposes, provided that a series of conceptual and technical barriers are overcome. A major obstacle remains the delivery of pro-regenerative factors specifically to the heart. Improvements in the design of AAV vectors to enhance their cardiotropism and efficacy or, alternatively, the development of non-viral methods for nucleic acid delivery in cardiomyocytes are among the challenges ahead to progress cardiac regenerative therapies towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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28
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Uscategui Calderon M, Gonzalez BA, Yutzey KE. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in the postnatal heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163331. [PMID: 37077417 PMCID: PMC10106698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period in mammals, the heart undergoes significant remodeling in response to increased circulatory demands. In the days after birth, cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, progressively lose embryonic characteristics concomitant with the loss of the heart’s ability to regenerate. Moreover, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo binucleation and cell cycle arrest with induction of hypertrophic growth, while cardiac fibroblasts proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) that transitions from components that support cellular maturation to production of the mature fibrous skeleton of the heart. Recent studies have implicated interactions of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes within the maturing ECM environment to promote heart maturation in the postnatal period. Here, we review the relationships of different cardiac cell types and the ECM as the heart undergoes both structural and functional changes during development. Recent advances in the field, particularly in several recently published transcriptomic datasets, have highlighted specific signaling mechanisms that underlie cellular maturation and demonstrated the biomechanical interdependence of cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocyte maturation. There is increasing evidence that postnatal heart development in mammals is dependent on particular ECM components and that resulting changes in biomechanics influence cell maturation. These advances, in definition of cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity and function in relation to cardiomyocyte maturation and the extracellular environment provide, support for complex cell crosstalk in the postnatal heart with implications for heart regeneration and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brittany A. Gonzalez
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine E. Yutzey,
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29
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Mehdipour M, Park S, Huang GN. Unlocking cardiomyocyte renewal potential for myocardial regeneration therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:9-20. [PMID: 36801396 PMCID: PMC10699255 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiomyocytes are irreversibly lost due to cardiac ischemia secondary to disease. This leads to increased cardiac fibrosis, poor contractility, cardiac hypertrophy, and subsequent life-threatening heart failure. Adult mammalian hearts exhibit notoriously low regenerative potential, further compounding the calamities described above. Neonatal mammalian hearts, on the other hand, display robust regenerative capacities. Lower vertebrates such as zebrafish and salamanders retain the ability to replenish lost cardiomyocytes throughout life. It is critical to understand the varying mechanisms that are responsible for these differences in cardiac regeneration across phylogeny and ontogeny. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and polyploidization have been proposed as major barriers to heart regeneration. Here we review current models about why adult mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is lost including changes in environmental oxygen levels, acquisition of endothermy, complex immune system development, and possible cancer risk tradeoffs. We also discuss recent progress and highlight conflicting reports pertaining to extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte proliferation and polyploidization in growth and regeneration. Uncovering the physiological brakes of cardiac regeneration could illuminate novel molecular targets and offer promising therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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30
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Stępniewski J, Jeż M, Dulak J. Generation of miR-15a/16-1 cluster-deficient human induced pluripotent stem cell line (DMBi001-A-2) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Stem Cell Res 2023; 68:103046. [PMID: 36801567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-15a/16-1 cluster, composed of MIR15A and MIR16-1 genes located in close proximity on chromosome 13 was described to regulate post-natal cell cycle withdrawal of cardiomyocytes in mice. In humans, on the other hand, the level of miR-15a-5p and miR-16-p was negatively associated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, to better understand the role of these microRNAs in human cardiomyocytes in regard to their proliferative potential and hypertrophic growth, we generated hiPSC line with complete deletion of miR-15a/16-1 cluster using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Obtained cells demonstrate expression of pluripotency markers, differentiation capacity into all three germ layers and normal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Stępniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Jeż
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Dimasi CG, Darby JRT, Morrison JL. A change of heart: understanding the mechanisms regulating cardiac proliferation and metabolism before and after birth. J Physiol 2023; 601:1319-1341. [PMID: 36872609 PMCID: PMC10952280 DOI: 10.1113/jp284137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo major maturational changes in preparation for birth and postnatal life. Immature cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac growth via proliferation and thus the heart has the capacity to regenerate. To prepare for postnatal life, structural and metabolic changes associated with increased cardiac output and function must occur. This includes exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, mitochondrial maturation and sarcomeric protein isoform switching. However, these changes come at a price: the loss of cardiac regenerative capacity such that damage to the heart in postnatal life is permanent. This is a significant barrier to the development of new treatments for cardiac repair and contributes to heart failure. The transitional period of cardiomyocyte growth is a complex and multifaceted event. In this review, we focus on studies that have investigated this critical transition period as well as novel factors that may regulate and drive this process. We also discuss the potential use of new biomarkers for the detection of myocardial infarction and, in the broader sense, cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
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32
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Aslan GS, Jaé N, Manavski Y, Fouani Y, Shumliakivska M, Kettenhausen L, Kirchhof L, Günther S, Fischer A, Luxán G, Dimmeler S. Malat1 deficiency prevents neonatal heart regeneration by inducing cardiomyocyte binucleation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162124. [PMID: 36883566 PMCID: PMC10077484 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity, while the neonatal heart fully regenerates during the first week of life. Postnatal regeneration is mainly driven by proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes and supported by proregenerative macrophages and angiogenesis. Although the process of regeneration has been well studied in the neonatal mouse, the molecular mechanisms that define the switch between regenerative and nonregenerative cardiomyocytes are not well understood. Here, using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we identified the lncRNA Malat1 as a key player in postnatal cardiac regeneration. Malat1 deletion prevented heart regeneration in mice after myocardial infarction on postnatal day 3 associated with a decline in cardiomyocyte proliferation and reparative angiogenesis. Interestingly, Malat1 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte binucleation even in the absence of cardiac injury. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Malat1 was sufficient to block regeneration, supporting a critical role of Malat1 in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and binucleation, a landmark of mature nonregenerative cardiomyocytes. In vitro, Malat1 deficiency induced binucleation and the expression of a maturation gene program. Finally, the loss of hnRNP U, an interaction partner of Malat1, induced similar features in vitro, suggesting that Malat1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and binucleation by hnRNP U to control the regenerative window in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galip S Aslan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaé
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Yosif Manavski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Youssef Fouani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Mariana Shumliakivska
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Kettenhausen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luisa Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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33
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Bak ST, Harvald EB, Ellman DG, Mathiesen SB, Chen T, Fang S, Andersen KS, Fenger CD, Burton M, Thomassen M, Andersen DC. Ploidy-stratified single cardiomyocyte transcriptomics map Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 to underly cardiomyocyte proliferation before birth. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:8. [PMID: 36862248 PMCID: PMC9981540 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Whereas cardiomyocytes (CMs) in the fetal heart divide, postnatal CMs fail to undergo karyokinesis and/or cytokinesis and therefore become polyploid or binucleated, a key process in terminal CM differentiation. This switch from a diploid proliferative CM to a terminally differentiated polyploid CM remains an enigma and seems an obstacle for heart regeneration. Here, we set out to identify the transcriptional landscape of CMs around birth using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to predict transcription factors (TFs) involved in CM proliferation and terminal differentiation. To this end, we established an approach combining fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with scRNA-seq of fixed CMs from developing (E16.5, P1, and P5) mouse hearts, and generated high-resolution single-cell transcriptomic maps of in vivo diploid and tetraploid CMs, increasing the CM resolution. We identified TF-networks regulating the G2/M phases of developing CMs around birth. ZEB1 (Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1), a hereto unknown TF in CM cell cycling, was found to regulate the highest number of cell cycle genes in cycling CMs at E16.5 but was downregulated around birth. CM ZEB1-knockdown reduced proliferation of E16.5 CMs, while ZEB1 overexpression at P0 after birth resulted in CM endoreplication. These data thus provide a ploidy stratified transcriptomic map of developing CMs and bring new insight to CM proliferation and endoreplication identifying ZEB1 as a key player in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Thornby Bak
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Bang Harvald
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Gry Ellman
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Bech Mathiesen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ting Chen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shu Fang
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Skriver Andersen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mark Burton
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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34
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Torp MK, Vaage J, Stensløkken KO. Mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns and inflammation in the ischemic-reperfused heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13920. [PMID: 36617670 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cell death after myocardial infarction release endogenous structures termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that trigger the innate immune system and initiate a sterile inflammation in the myocardium. Cardiomyocytes are energy demanding cells and 30% of their volume are mitochondria. Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts originating from bacteria containing molecular patterns similar to bacteria, termed mitochondrial DAMPs (mDAMPs). Consequently, mitochondrial debris may be particularly immunogenic and damaging. However, the role of mDAMPs in myocardial infarction is not clarified. Identifying the most harmful mDAMPs and inhibiting their early inflammatory signaling may reduce infarct size and the risk of developing post-infarct heart failure. The focus of this review is the role of mDAMPs in the immediate pro-inflammatory phase after myocardial infarction before arrival of immune cells in the myocardium. We discuss different mDAMPs, their role in physiology and present knowledge regarding their role in the inflammatory response of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Kristin Torp
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Bei Y, Chen C, Hua X, Yin M, Meng X, Huang Z, Qi W, Su Z, Liu C, Lehmann HI, Li G, Huang Y, Xiao J. A modified apical resection model with high accuracy and reproducibility in neonatal mouse and rat hearts. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 36806296 PMCID: PMC9938870 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal mouse heart can regenerate after left ventricle (LV) apical resection (AR). Since current AR rodent method is accomplished by resecting LV apex until exposure of LV chamber, it is relatively difficult to operate reproducibly. We aimed to develop a modified AR method with high accuracy and reproducibility and to investigate whether cardiac regenerative capacity could be replicated in neonatal rats. For 15% AR of whole heart weight in 1-day-old (P1) neonatal mice, a modified 10 μL pipette tip cut to 0.48 mm in internal diameter was connected to a vacuum pump working at 0.06 ± 0.005 MPa and gently kept in touch with LV apex for nearly but no more than 12 s. LV apex was resected by a single incision adjacent to the pipette tip. The modified AR method in P1 mice achieved cardiac structural and functional recovery at 21 days post resection (dpr). Data from different operators showed smaller variation of resected LV apex and higher reproducibility using the modified AR method. Furthermore, we showed that 5% AR of whole heart weight in P1 neonatal rats using a modified 200 μL pipette tip cut to 0.63 mm in internal diameter led to complete regeneration of LV apex and full preservation of cardiac function at 42 dpr. In conclusion, the modified AR rodent model leads to accurate resection of LV apex with high homogeneity and reproducibility and it is practically convenient for the study of structural, functional, and molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in both neonatal mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xuejiao Hua
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China
| | - Mingming Yin
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Weitong Qi
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Zhuhua Su
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - H. Immo Lehmann
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Guoping Li
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Yu Huang
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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36
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Das S, Mondal A, Dey C, Chakraborty S, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Sengupta A. ER stress induces upregulation of transcription factor Tbx20 and downstream Bmp2 signaling to promote cardiomyocyte survival. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103031. [PMID: 36805334 PMCID: PMC10036653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian heart, fetal cardiomyocytes proliferate prior to birth; however, they exit the cell cycle shortly after birth. Recent studies show that adult cardiomyocytes re-enters the cell cycle postinjury to promote cardiac regeneration. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the production and assembly of different types of proteins, and a disruption in this machinery leads to the generation of ER stress, which activates the unfolded protein response. There is a very fine balance between ER stress-mediated protective and proapoptotic responses. T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20) promotes embryonic and adult cardiomyocyte proliferation postinjury to restore cardiac homeostasis. However, the function and regulatory interactions of Tbx20 in ER stress-induced cardiomyopathy have not yet been reported. We show here that ER stress upregulates Tbx20, which activates downstream bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2)-pSmad1/5/8 signaling to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation and limit apoptosis. However, augmenting ER stress reverses this protective response. We also show that increased expression of tbx20 during ER stress is mediated by the activating transcription factor 6 arm of the unfolded protein response. Cardiomyocyte-specific loss of Tbx20 results in decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and increased apoptosis. Administration of recombinant Bmp2 protein during ER stress upregulates Tbx20 leading to augmented proliferation, indicating a feed-forward loop mechanism. In in vivo ER stress, as well as in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the activity of Tbx20 is increased with concomitant increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and decreased apoptosis. These data support a critical role of Tbx20-Bmp2 signaling in promoting cardiomyocyte survival during ER stress-induced cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunima Mondal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrani Dey
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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37
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Rigaud VOC, Hoy RC, Kurian J, Zarka C, Behanan M, Brosious I, Pennise J, Patel T, Wang T, Johnson J, Kraus LM, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Khan M. RNA-Binding Protein LIN28a Regulates New Myocyte Formation in the Heart Through Long Noncoding RNA-H19. Circulation 2023; 147:324-337. [PMID: 36314132 PMCID: PMC9870945 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental cardiac tissue holds remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury and consists of regenerative mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes. On maturation, mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes become binucleated or polyploid and exit the cell cycle. Cardiomyocyte metabolism undergoes a profound shift that coincides with cessation of regeneration in the postnatal heart. However, whether reprogramming metabolism promotes persistence of regenerative mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes enhancing cardiac function and repair after injury is unknown. Here, we identify a novel role for RNA-binding protein LIN28a, a master regulator of cellular metabolism in cardiac repair after injury. METHODS LIN28a overexpression was tested using mouse transgenesis on postnatal cardiomyocyte numbers, cell cycle, and response to apical resection injury. With the use of neonatal and adult cell culture systems and adult and Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers myocardial injury models in mice, the effect of LIN28a overexpression on cardiomyocyte cell cycle and metabolism was tested. Last, isolated adult cardiomyocytes from LIN28a and wild-type mice 4 days after myocardial injury were used for RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing. RESULTS LIN28a was found to be active primarily during cardiac development and rapidly decreases after birth. LIN28a reintroduction at postnatal day (P) 1, P3, P5, and P7 decreased maturation-associated polyploidization, nucleation, and cell size, enhancing cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in LIN28a transgenic pups compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, LIN28a overexpression extended cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity beyond P7 concurrent with increased cardiac function 30 days after apical resection. In the adult heart, LIN28a overexpression attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced cell cycle activity, cardiac function, and survival in mice 12 weeks after myocardial infarction compared with wild-type littermate controls. Instead, LIN28a small molecule inhibitor attenuated the proreparative effects of LIN28a on the heart. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes overexpressing LIN28a mechanistically showed increased glycolysis, ATP production, and levels of metabolic enzymes compared with control. LIN28a immunoprecipitation followed by RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing in cardiomyocytes isolated from LIN28a-overexpressing hearts after injury identified long noncoding RNA-H19 as its most significantly altered target. Ablation of long noncoding RNA-H19 blunted LIN28a-induced enhancement on cardiomyocyte metabolism and cell cycle activity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, LIN28a reprograms cardiomyocyte metabolism and promotes persistence of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes in the injured heart, enhancing proreparative processes, thereby linking cardiomyocyte metabolism to regulation of ploidy/nucleation and repair in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Oliveira Carvalho Rigaud
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert C Hoy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Clare Zarka
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Behanan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Isabella Brosious
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer Pennise
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tej Patel
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (T.W., J.J., L.M.K., S.M., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (T.W., J.J., L.M.K., S.M., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lindsay M Kraus
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (T.W., J.J., L.M.K., S.M., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (T.W., J.J., L.M.K., S.M., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (T.W., J.J., L.M.K., S.M., S.R.H.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research (V.0.C.R., R.C.H., J.K., C.Z., M.B., I.B., J.P., T.P., M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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38
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Karsenty C, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Genet G, Seguelas MH, Alzieu P, Cazorla O, Montagner A, Blum Y, Dubroca C, Maupoint J, Tramunt B, Cauquil M, Sulpice T, Richard S, Arcucci S, Flores-Flores R, Pataluch N, Montoriol R, Sicard P, Deney A, Couffinhal T, Senard JM, Galés C. Ephrin-B1 regulates the adult diastolic function through a late postnatal maturation of cardiomyocyte surface crests. eLife 2023; 12:e80904. [PMID: 36649053 PMCID: PMC9844986 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rod-shaped adult cardiomyocyte (CM) harbors a unique architecture of its lateral surface with periodic crests, relying on the presence of subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) with unknown role. Here, we investigated the development and functional role of CM crests during the postnatal period. We found in rodents that CM crest maturation occurs late between postnatal day 20 (P20) and P60 through both SSM biogenesis, swelling and crest-crest lateral interactions between adjacent CM, promoting tissue compaction. At the functional level, we showed that the P20-P60 period is dedicated to the improvement of relaxation. Interestingly, crest maturation specifically contributes to an atypical CM hypertrophy of its short axis, without myofibril addition, but relying on CM lateral stretching. Mechanistically, using constitutive and conditional CM-specific knock-out mice, we identified ephrin-B1, a lateral membrane stabilizer, as a molecular determinant of P20-P60 crest maturation, governing both the CM lateral stretch and the diastolic function, thus highly suggesting a link between crest maturity and diastole. Remarkably, while young adult CM-specific Efnb1 KO mice essentially exhibit an impairment of the ventricular diastole with preserved ejection fraction and exercise intolerance, they progressively switch toward systolic heart failure with 100% KO mice dying after 13 months, indicative of a critical role of CM-ephrin-B1 in the adult heart function. This study highlights the molecular determinants and the biological implication of a new late P20-P60 postnatal developmental stage of the heart in rodents during which, in part, ephrin-B1 specifically regulates the maturation of the CM surface crests and of the diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Karsenty
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Celine Guilbeau-Frugier
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Gaël Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Marie-Helene Seguelas
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Philippe Alzieu
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculairesPessacFrance
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, PhyMedExpMontpellierFrance
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Yuna Blum
- IGDR UMR 6290, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | | | | | - Blandine Tramunt
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases & Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Marie Cauquil
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | - Sylvain Richard
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, PhyMedExpMontpellierFrance
| | - Silvia Arcucci
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Remy Flores-Flores
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Nicolas Pataluch
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Romain Montoriol
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Pierre Sicard
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, PhyMedExpMontpellierFrance
| | - Antoine Deney
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des maladies cardiovasculairesPessacFrance
- Service des Maladies Cardiaques et Vasculaires, CHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Jean-Michel Senard
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Celine Galés
- INSERM, UMR 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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Reuter SP, Soonpaa MH, Field D, Simpson E, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Lee HK, Sridhar A, Ware SM, Green N, Li X, Ofner S, Marchuk DA, Wollert KC, Field LJ. Cardiac Troponin I-Interacting Kinase Affects Cardiomyocyte S-Phase Activity but Not Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. Circulation 2023; 147:142-153. [PMID: 36382596 PMCID: PMC9839600 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genetic variants that affect the level of cell cycle reentry and establishing the degree of cell cycle progression in those variants could help guide development of therapeutic interventions aimed at effecting cardiac regeneration. We observed that C57Bl6/NCR (B6N) mice have a marked increase in cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after permanent coronary artery ligation compared with infarcted DBA/2J (D2J) mice. METHODS Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity after infarction was monitored in D2J, (D2J×B6N)-F1, and (D2J×B6N)-F1×D2J backcross mice by means of bromodeoxyuridine or 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation using a nuclear-localized transgenic reporter to identify cardiomyocyte nuclei. Genome-wide quantitative trait locus analysis, fine scale genetic mapping, whole exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing analyses of the backcross mice were performed to identify the gene responsible for the elevated cardiomyocyte S-phase phenotype. RESULTS (D2J×B6N)-F1 mice exhibited a 14-fold increase in cardiomyocyte S-phase activity in ventricular regions remote from infarct scar compared with D2J mice (0.798±0.09% versus 0.056±0.004%; P<0.001). Quantitative trait locus analysis of (D2J×B6N)-F1×D2J backcross mice revealed that the gene responsible for differential S-phase activity was located on the distal arm of chromosome 3 (logarithm of the odds score=6.38; P<0.001). Additional genetic and molecular analyses identified 3 potential candidates. Of these, Tnni3k (troponin I-interacting kinase) is expressed in B6N hearts but not in D2J hearts. Transgenic expression of TNNI3K in a D2J genetic background results in elevated cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after injury. Cardiomyocyte S-phase activity in both Tnni3k-expressing and Tnni3k-nonexpressing mice results in the formation of polyploid nuclei. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that Tnni3k expression increases the level of cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Reuter
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Mark H. Soonpaa
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Dorothy Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Ed Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Han Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Arthi Sridhar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Nick Green
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Susan Ofner
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Douglas A. Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Kai C. Wollert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Loren J. Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
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40
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Sorbini M, Arab S, Soni T, Frisiras A, Mehta S. How can the adult zebrafish and neonatal mice teach us about stimulating cardiac regeneration in the human heart? Regen Med 2023; 18:85-99. [PMID: 36416596 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative capacity of mammalian cardiomyocytes diminishes shortly after birth. In contrast, adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissues, highlighting new potential therapeutic avenues. Different factors have been found to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and neonatal mice; these include maintenance of mononuclear and diploid cardiomyocytes and upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. The growth factor NRG-1 controls cell proliferation and interacts with the Hippo-Yap pathway to modulate regeneration. Key components of the extracellular matrix such as Agrin are also crucial for cardiac regeneration. Novel therapies explored in this review, include intramyocardial injection of Agrin or zebrafish-ECM and NRG-1 administration. These therapies may induce regeneration in patients and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sorbini
- Barts and the London School of Medicien and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, London, UK.,Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sammy Arab
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Tara Soni
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | | | - Samay Mehta
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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Martyniak A, Jeż M, Dulak J, Stępniewski J. Adaptation of cardiomyogenesis to the generation and maturation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:8-29. [PMID: 36263833 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The advent of methods for efficient generation and cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells opened new avenues for disease modelling, drug testing, and cell therapies of the heart. However, cardiomyocytes (CM) obtained from such cells demonstrate an immature, foetal-like phenotype that involves spontaneous contractions, irregular morphology, expression of embryonic isoforms of sarcomere components, and low level of ion channels. These and other features may affect cellular response to putative therapeutic compounds and the efficient integration into the host myocardium after in vivo delivery. Therefore, novel strategies to increase the maturity of pluripotent stem cell-derived CM are of utmost importance. Several approaches have already been developed relying on molecular changes that occur during foetal and postnatal maturation of the heart, its electromechanical activity, and the cellular composition. As a better understanding of these determinants may facilitate the generation of efficient protocols for in vitro acquisition of an adult-like phenotype by immature CM, this review summarizes the most important molecular factors that govern CM during embryonic development, postnatal changes that trigger heart maturation, as well as protocols that are currently used to generate mature pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Martyniak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jeż
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Hong Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang Y, Chen M, Wang X, Luo M, Wang K. Engineering the maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1155052. [PMID: 37034258 PMCID: PMC10073467 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1155052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) has been a major challenge to further expand the scope of their application. Over the past years, several strategies have been proven to facilitate the structural and functional maturation of hSC-CMs, which include but are not limited to engineering the geometry or stiffness of substrates, providing favorable extracellular matrices, applying mechanical stretch, fluidic or electrical stimulation, co-culturing with niche cells, regulating biochemical cues such as hormones and transcription factors, engineering and redirecting metabolic patterns, developing 3D cardiac constructs such as cardiac organoid or engineered heart tissue, or culturing under in vivo implantation. In this review, we summarize these maturation strategies, especially the recent advancements, and discussed their advantages as well as the pressing problems that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meining Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Mingyao Luo
- Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
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Cai L, Wang R, Zhang D. Cardiac Disease Modeling with Engineered Heart Tissue. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:235-255. [PMID: 37563250 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhythmically beating heart is the foundation of life-sustaining blood flow. There are four chambers and many different types of cell in the heart, but the twisted myofibrillar structures formed by cardiomyocytes are particularly important for cardiac contraction and electrical impulse transmission properties. The ability to generate cardiomyocytes using human-induced pluripotent stem cells has essentially solved the cell supply shortage for in vitro simulation of cardiac tissue function; however, modeling heart at the tissue level needs mature myocardial structure, electrophysiology, and contractile characteristics. Here, the current research on human functionalized cardiac microtissue in modeling cardiac diseases is reviewed and the design criteria and practical applications of different human engineered heart tissues, including cardiac organoids, cardiac thin films, and cardiac microbundles are analyzed. Table summarizing the ability of several in vitro myocardial models to assess heart structure and function for cardiac disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Watson MC, Williams C, Wang RM, Perreault LR, Sullivan KE, Stoppel WL, Black LD. Extracellular matrix and cyclic stretch alter fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation in a rodent model of heart hypoplasia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:993310. [PMID: 36518682 PMCID: PMC9744115 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.993310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Birth defects, particularly those that affect development of the heart, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Babies born with heart hypoplasia (heart hypoplasia) disorders often have a poor prognosis. It remains unclear whether cardiomyocytes from hypoplastic hearts retain the potential to recover growth, although this knowledge would be beneficial for developing therapies for heart hypoplasia disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the proliferation and maturation potential of cardiomyocytes from hypoplastic hearts and whether these behaviors are influenced by biochemical signaling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cyclic mechanical stretch. Method Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-associated heart hypoplasia was induced in rat fetuses by maternal exposure to nitrofen. Hearts were isolated from embryonic day 21 nitrofen-treated fetuses positive for CDH (CDH+) and from fetuses without nitrofen administration during gestation. Results and discussion CDH+ hearts were smaller and had decreased myocardial proliferation, along with evidence of decreased maturity compared to healthy hearts. In culture, CDH+ cardiomyocytes remained immature and demonstrated increased proliferative capacity compared to their healthy counterparts. Culture on ECM derived from CDH+ hearts led to a significant reduction in proliferation for both CDH+ and healthy cardiomyocytes. Healthy cardiomyocytes were dosed with exogenous nitrofen to examine whether nitrofen may have an aberrant effect on the proliferative ability of cardiomyocyte, yet no significant change in proliferation was observed. When subjected to stretch, CDH+ cardiomyocytes underwent lengthening of sarcomeres while healthy cardiomyocyte sarcomeres were unaffected. Taken together, our results suggest that alterations to environmental cues such as ECM and stretch may be important factors in the pathological progression of heart hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Watson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Corin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Raymond M. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Luke R. Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Kelly E. Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Whitney L. Stoppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School for Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Davies DM, van den Handel K, Bharadwaj S, Lengefeld J. Cellular enlargement - A new hallmark of aging? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036602. [PMID: 36438561 PMCID: PMC9688412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of important research has revealed that cells heavily invest in regulating their size. Nevertheless, it has remained unclear why accurate size control is so important. Our recent study using hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo indicates that cellular enlargement is causally associated with aging. Here, we present an overview of these findings and their implications. Furthermore, we performed a broad literature analysis to evaluate the potential of cellular enlargement as a new aging hallmark and to examine its connection to previously described aging hallmarks. Finally, we highlight interesting work presenting a correlation between cell size and age-related diseases. Taken together, we found mounting evidence linking cellular enlargement to aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, we encourage researchers from seemingly unrelated areas to take a fresh look at their data from the perspective of cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Davies
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim van den Handel
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soham Bharadwaj
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Minter-Dykhouse K, Nelson TJ, Folmes CD. Uncoupling of Proliferative Capacity from Developmental Stage During Directed Cardiac Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:521-528. [PMID: 35726436 PMCID: PMC9641990 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-specific differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs) offers a patient-specific model to dissect development and disease pathogenesis in a dish. However, challenges exist with this model system, such as the relative immaturity of iPSC-derived CMs, which evoke the question of whether this model faithfully recapitulates in vivo cardiac development. As in vivo cardiac developmental stage is intimately linked with the proliferative capacity (or maturation is inversely correlated to proliferative capacity), we sought to understand how proliferation is regulated during hiPSC CM differentiation and how it compares with in vivo mouse cardiac development. Using standard Chemically Defined Media 3 differentiation, gene expression profiles demonstrate that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) do not progress past the equivalent of embryonic day 14.5 of murine cardiac development. Throughout differentiation, overall DNA synthesis rapidly declines with <5% of hiPSC-CMs actively synthesizing DNA at the end of the differentiation period despite their immaturity. Bivariate cell cycle analysis demonstrated that hiPSC-CMs have a cell cycle profile distinct from their non-cardiac counterparts from the same differentiation, with significantly fewer cells within G1 and a marked accumulation of cells in G2/M than their non-cardiac counterparts throughout differentiation. Pulse-chase analysis demonstrated that non-cardiac cells progressed completely through the cell cycle within a 24-h period, whereas hiPSC-CMs had restricted progression with only a small proportion of cells undergoing cytokinesis with the remainder stalling in late S-phase or G2/M. This cell cycle arrest phenotype is associated with abbreviated expression of cell cycle promoting genes compared with expression throughout murine embryonic cardiac development. In summary, directed differentiation of hiPSCs into CMs uncouples the developmental stage from cell cycle regulation compared with in vivo mouse cardiac development, leading to a premature exit of hiPSC-CMs from the cell cycle despite their relative immaturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Minter-Dykhouse
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy J. Nelson
- Todd and Karen Wanek Family Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Departments of General Internal Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford D.L. Folmes
- Address correspondence to: Clifford D. L. Folmes, PhD, Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Li L, Guo H, Lai B, Liang C, Chen H, Chen Y, Guo W, Yuan Z, Huang R, Zeng Z, Liang L, Zhao H, Zheng X, Li Y, Pu Q, Qi X, Cai D. Ablation of cardiomyocyte-derived BDNF during development causes myocardial degeneration and heart failure in the adult mouse heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967463. [PMID: 36061561 PMCID: PMC9433718 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB-T1 were recently found to be expressed in cardiomyocytes. However, the functional role of cardiomyocyte-derived BDNF in heart pathophysiology is not yet fully known. Recent studies revealed that BDNF-TrkB pathway plays a critical role to maintain integrity of cardiac structure and function, cardiac pathology and regeneration of myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, the BDNF-TrkB pathway may be a novel target for myocardial pathophysiology in the adult heart. Approach and results In the present study, we established a cardiomyocyte-derived BDNF conditional knockout mouse in which BDNF expression in developing cardiomyocytes is ablated under the control of the Myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6) promoter. The results of the present study show that ablation of cardiomyocyte-derived BDNF during development does not impair survival, growth or reproduction; however, in the young adult heart, it causes cardiomyocyte death, degeneration of the myocardium, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left atrial appendage thrombosis, decreased cardiac function, increased cardiac inflammation and ROS activity, and metabolic disorders, leading to heart failure (HF) in the adult heart and eventually resulting in a decrease in the one-year survival rate. In addition, ablation of cardiomyocyte-derived BDNF during the developmental stage leads to exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction and poor regeneration after MI in adult hearts. Conclusion Cardiomyocyte-derived BDNF is irreplaceable for maintaining the integrity of cardiac structure and function in the adult heart and regeneration after MI. Therefore, the BDNF-TrkB pathway will be a novel target for myocardial pathophysiology in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Binglin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson of Medical School, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ruijin Huang
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhaohua Zeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Liang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Stem Cell and Regeneration TRP, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Pu
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xufeng Qi,
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Dongqing Cai,
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Micro RNA-411 Expression Improves Cardiac Phenotype Following Myocardial Infarction in Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:859-875. [PMID: 36317138 PMCID: PMC9617134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Induction of endogenous regenerative capacity has emerged as one promising approach to repair damaged hearts following myocardial infarction (MI). Re-expression of factors that are exclusively expressed during embryonic development may reactivate the ability of adult cardiomyocytes to regenerate. Here, we identified miR-411 as a potent inducer of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Overexpression of miR-411 in the heart significantly increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival in a model MI. We found that miR-411 enhances the activity of YAP, the main downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, miR-411 induces cardiomyocyte regeneration and improves cardiac function post-MI likely by modulating the Hippo/YAP pathway.
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Key Words
- CVEC, cardiac vascular endothelial cells
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine
- Hippo pathway
- LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells
- NRCF, neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast
- NRCM, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- cTnI, cardiac troponin I
- cardiac remodeling
- heart failure
- miRNA, microRNA
- microRNA-411
- myocardial infarction
- pHH3, phosphohistone H3
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
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Duan X, Liu X, Zhan Z. Metabolic Regulation of Cardiac Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:933060. [PMID: 35872916 PMCID: PMC9304552 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.933060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality due to heart diseases remains highest in the world every year, with ischemic cardiomyopathy being the prime cause. The irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes following myocardial injury leads to compromised contractility of the remaining myocardium, adverse cardiac remodeling, and ultimately heart failure. The hearts of adult mammals can hardly regenerate after cardiac injury since adult cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle. Nonetheless, the hearts of early neonatal mammals possess a stronger capacity for regeneration. To improve the prognosis of patients with heart failure and to find the effective therapeutic strategies for it, it is essential to promote endogenous regeneration of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial metabolism maintains normal physiological functions of the heart and compensates for heart failure. In recent decades, the focus is on the changes in myocardial energy metabolism, including glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, in cardiac physiological and pathological states. In addition to being a source of energy, metabolites are becoming key regulators of gene expression and epigenetic patterns, which may affect heart regeneration. However, the myocardial energy metabolism during heart regeneration is majorly unknown. This review focuses on the role of energy metabolism in cardiac regeneration, intending to shed light on the strategies for manipulating heart regeneration and promoting heart repair after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Xingguang Liu,
| | - Zhenzhen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenzhen Zhan,
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50
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Defining the molecular underpinnings controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:911-934. [PMID: 35723259 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after birth, mammalian cardiomyocytes (CM) exit the cell cycle and cease to proliferate. The inability of adult CM to replicate renders the heart particularly vulnerable to injury. Restoration of CM proliferation would be an attractive clinical target for regenerative therapies that can preserve contractile function and thus prevent the development of heart failure. Our review focuses on recent progress in understanding the tight regulation of signaling pathways and their downstream molecular mechanisms that underly the inability of CM to proliferate in vivo. In this review, we describe the temporal expression of cell cycle activators e.g., cyclin/Cdk complexes and their inhibitors including p16, p21, p27 and members of the retinoblastoma gene family during gestation and postnatal life. The differential impact of members of the E2f transcription factor family and microRNAs on the regulation of positive and negative cell cycle factors is discussed. This review also highlights seminal studies that identified the coordination of signaling mechanisms that can potently activate CM cell cycle re-entry including the Wnt/Ctnnb1, Hippo, Pi3K-Akt and Nrg1-Erbb2/4 pathways. We also present an up-to-date account of landmark studies analyzing the effect of various genes such as Argin, Dystrophin, Fstl1, Meis1, Pitx2 and Pkm2 that are responsible for either inhibition or activation of CM cell division. All these reports describe bona fide therapeutically targets that could guide future clinical studies toward cardiac repair.
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