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Williams RB, Alam Afsar MN, Tikunova S, Kou Y, Fang X, Somarathne RP, Gyawu RF, Knotts GM, Agee TA, Garcia SA, Losordo LD, Fitzkee NC, Kekenes-Huskey PM, Davis JP, Johnson CN. Human disease-associated calmodulin mutations alter calcineurin function through multiple mechanisms. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102752. [PMID: 37245392 PMCID: PMC10330910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous, calcium-sensing protein that regulates a multitude of processes throughout the body. In response to changes in [Ca2+], CaM modifies, activates, and deactivates enzymes and ion channels, as well as many other cellular processes. The importance of CaM is highlighted by the conservation of an identical amino acid sequence in all mammals. Alterations to CaM amino acid sequence were once thought to be incompatible with life. During the last decade modifications to the CaM protein sequence have been observed in patients suffering from life-threatening heart disease (calmodulinopathy). Thus far, inadequate or untimely interaction between mutant CaM and several proteins (LTCC, RyR2, and CaMKII) have been identified as mechanisms underlying calmodulinopathy. Given the extensive number of CaM interactions in the body, there are likely many consequences for altering CaM protein sequence. Here, we demonstrate that disease-associated CaM mutations alter the sensitivity and activity of the Ca2+-CaM-enhanced serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (CaN). Biophysical characterization by circular dichroism, solution NMR spectroscopy, stopped-flow kinetic measurements, and MD simulations provide mechanistic insight into mutation dysfunction as well as highlight important aspects of CaM Ca2+ signal transduction. We find that individual CaM point mutations (N53I, F89L, D129G, and F141L) impair CaN function, however, the mechanisms are not the same. Specifically, individual point mutations can influence or modify the following properties: CaM binding, Ca2+ binding, and/or Ca2+kinetics. Moreover, structural aspects of the CaNCaM complex can be altered in manners that indicate changes to allosteric transmission of CaM binding to the enzyme active site. Given that loss of CaN function can be fatal, as well as evidence that CaN modifies ion channels already associated with calmodulinopathy, our results raise the possibility that altered CaN function contributes to calmodulinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Md Nure Alam Afsar
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Svetlana Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Yongjun Kou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Xuan Fang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood Illinois 60153, U.S.A
| | - Radha P Somarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Rita F Gyawu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Garrett M Knotts
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Taylor A Agee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Sara A Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Luke D Losordo
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood Illinois 60153, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, U.S.A.
| | - Christopher N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, U.S.A; Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Nashville TN 37232, U.S.A.
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Williams RB, Johnson CN. A Review of Calcineurin Biophysics with Implications for Cardiac Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111565. [PMID: 34768996 PMCID: PMC8583826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, also known as protein phosphatase 2B, is a heterodimeric serine threonine phosphatase involved in numerous signaling pathways. During the past 50 years, calcineurin has been the subject of extensive investigation. Many of its cellular and physiological functions have been described, and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are the subject of active investigation. With the abundance of techniques and experimental designs utilized to study calcineurin and its numerous substrates, it is difficult to reconcile the available information. There have been a plethora of reports describing the role of calcineurin in cardiac disease. However, a physiological role of calcineurin in healthy cardiomyocyte function requires clarification. Here, we review the seminal biophysical and structural details that are responsible for the molecular function and inhibition of calcineurin. We then focus on literature describing the roles of calcineurin in cardiomyocyte physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
| | - Christopher N. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
- Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhu YR, Jiang XX, Zheng Y, Xiong J, Wei D, Zhang DM. Cardiac function modulation depends on the A-kinase anchoring protein complex. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7170-7179. [PMID: 31512389 PMCID: PMC6815827 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins identified in various species and tissues. These proteins are able to anchor protein kinase and other signalling proteins to regulate cardiac function. Acting as a scaffold protein, AKAPs ensure specificity in signal transduction by enzymes close to their appropriate effectors and substrates. Over the decades, more than 70 different AKAPs have been discovered. Accumulative evidence indicates that AKAPs play crucial roles in the functional regulation of cardiac diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myofibre contractility dysfunction and arrhythmias. By anchoring different partner proteins (PKA, PKC, PKD and LTCCs), AKAPs take part in different regulatory pathways to function as regulators in the heart, and a damaged structure can influence the activities of these complexes. In this review, we highlight recent advances in AKAP‐associated protein complexes, focusing on local signalling events that are perturbed in cardiac diseases and their roles in interacting with ion channels and their regulatory molecules. These new findings suggest that AKAPs might have potential therapeutic value in patients with cardiac diseases, particularly malignant rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaguo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongping Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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NFATc4 and myocardin synergistically up-regulate the expression of LTCC α1C in ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Life Sci 2016; 155:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pedrozo Z, Criollo A, Battiprolu PK, Morales CR, Contreras-Ferrat A, Fernández C, Jiang N, Luo X, Caplan MJ, Somlo S, Rothermel BA, Gillette TG, Lavandero S, Hill JA. Polycystin-1 Is a Cardiomyocyte Mechanosensor That Governs L-Type Ca2+ Channel Protein Stability. Circulation 2015; 131:2131-42. [PMID: 25888683 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-type calcium channel activity is critical to afterload-induced hypertrophic growth of the heart. However, the mechanisms governing mechanical stress-induced activation of L-type calcium channel activity are obscure. Polycystin-1 (PC-1) is a G protein-coupled receptor-like protein that functions as a mechanosensor in a variety of cell types and is present in cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We subjected neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to mechanical stretch by exposing them to hypo-osmotic medium or cyclic mechanical stretch, triggering cell growth in a manner dependent on L-type calcium channel activity. RNAi-dependent knockdown of PC-1 blocked this hypertrophy. Overexpression of a C-terminal fragment of PC-1 was sufficient to trigger neonatal rat ventricular myocyte hypertrophy. Exposing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to hypo-osmotic medium resulted in an increase in α1C protein levels, a response that was prevented by PC-1 knockdown. MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, rescued PC-1 knockdown-dependent declines in α1C protein. To test this in vivo, we engineered mice harboring conditional silencing of PC-1 selectively in cardiomyocytes (PC-1 knockout) and subjected them to mechanical stress in vivo (transverse aortic constriction). At baseline, PC-1 knockout mice manifested decreased cardiac function relative to littermate controls, and α1C L-type calcium channel protein levels were significantly lower in PC-1 knockout hearts. Whereas control mice manifested robust transverse aortic constriction-induced increases in cardiac mass, PC-1 knockout mice showed no significant growth. Likewise, transverse aortic constriction-elicited increases in hypertrophic markers and interstitial fibrosis were blunted in the knockout animals CONCLUSION PC-1 is a cardiomyocyte mechanosensor that is required for cardiac hypertrophy through a mechanism that involves stabilization of α1C protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully Pedrozo
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Pavan K Battiprolu
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cyndi R Morales
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carolina Fernández
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nan Jiang
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xiang Luo
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael J Caplan
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Stefan Somlo
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.P., A.C., P.K.B., C.R.M., N.J., X.L., B.A.R., T.G.G., S.L., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (B.A.R., J.A.H.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina & Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Santiago, Chile (Z.P., A.C.-F., C.F., S.L.); Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina (Z.P., S.L.) and Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología (A.C.), Universidad de Chile, Santiago; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (M.J.C.), Internal Medicine (S.S.), and Genetics (S.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Sun R, Zhang D, Zhang J, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhang W. Different effects of lysophosphatidic acid on L-type calcium current in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with and without H2O2 treatment. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 118-119:1-10. [PMID: 25841350 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) alterations are implicated in various cardiac diseases, and the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) level increases in several ischemic heart diseases. We investigated the effects of LPA on I(Ca-L) in normal and H2O2-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. LPA treatment (24h) increased the action potential duration (APD) and I(Ca-L) in normal ventricular myocytes, but it decreased these parameters in H2O2-treated myocytes. LPA increased the single-channel open probability of L-type calcium channels in both normal and H2O2-treated myocytes. LPA activated calcineurin (CaN) and induced the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. In H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes, LPA decreased Ca(v)1.2 mRNA and protein expression levels at 4 and 8h, respectively. A CaN inhibitor (FK-506) prevented LPA-induced APD, I(Ca-L), and Ca(v)1.2 mRNA and protein down-regulation. The LPA-induced I(Ca-L) increase in normal cardiomyocytes was CaN-NFAT signaling-independent, and LPA did not affect Ca(v)1.2 mRNA or protein expression. In conclusion, LPA increases the I(Ca-L) in normal ventricular myocytes by increasing the single-channel open probability of L-type calcium channels, and LPA decreases I(Ca-L) in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes via the CaN-NFAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renren Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuyan Feng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Gutiérrez T, Parra V, Troncoso R, Pennanen C, Contreras-Ferrat A, Vasquez-Trincado C, Morales PE, Lopez-Crisosto C, Sotomayor-Flores C, Chiong M, Rothermel BA, Lavandero S. Alteration in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake disrupts insulin signaling in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:68. [PMID: 25376904 PMCID: PMC4234850 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by alterations in both cardiac bioenergetics and insulin sensitivity. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and its use as a substrate for glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation in order to maintain the high cardiac energy demands. Insulin stimulates Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum, however, how this translates to changes in mitochondrial metabolism in either healthy or hypertrophic cardiomyocytes is not fully understood. RESULTS In the present study we investigated insulin-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) signaling in normal and norepinephrine or insulin like growth factor-1-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Using mitochondrion-selective Ca(2+)-fluorescent probes we showed that insulin increases mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels. This signal was inhibited by the pharmacological blockade of either the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor or the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter, as well as by siRNA-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter knockdown. Norepinephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes showed a significant decrease in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts compared to either control or insulin like growth factor-1-stimulated cells. This resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, Akt activation, glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in response to insulin. Blocking mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was sufficient to mimic the effect of norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy on insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is a key event in insulin signaling and metabolism in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gutiérrez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile.
| | - Christian Pennanen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - César Vasquez-Trincado
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
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9
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Zhang X, Xia J, Qian D, Wang Y, Lin Y, Huang X, Tan J. An Adenosine A 1 Agonist 2-Chloro-N6 Cyclopentyladenosine Inhibits the Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy through the Calcineurin Pathway. Cardiology 2014; 129:153-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000364995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Furman JL, Norris CM. Calcineurin and glial signaling: neuroinflammation and beyond. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:158. [PMID: 25199950 PMCID: PMC4172899 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to peripheral immune/inflammatory cells, neuroglial cells appear to rely on calcineurin (CN) signaling pathways to regulate cytokine production and cellular activation. Several studies suggest that harmful immune/inflammatory responses may be the most impactful consequence of aberrant CN activity in glial cells. However, newly identified roles for CN in glutamate uptake, gap junction regulation, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, and amyloid production suggest that CN's influence in glia may extend well beyond neuroinflammation. The following review will discuss the various actions of CN in glial cells, with particular emphasis on astrocytes, and consider the implications for neurologic dysfunction arising with aging, injury, and/or neurodegenerative disease.
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11
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Wang Y, Tandan S, Hill JA. Calcineurin-dependent ion channel regulation in heart. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 24:14-22. [PMID: 23809405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin, a serine-threonine-specific, Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase, conserved from yeast to humans, plays a key role in regulating cardiac development, hypertrophy, and pathological remodeling. Recent studies demonstrate that calcineurin regulates cardiomyocyte ion channels and receptors in a manner which often entails direct interaction with these target proteins. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of calcineurin-mediated regulation of ion channels in the myocardium with emphasis on the transient outward potassium current (Ito) and L-type calcium current (ICa,L). We go on to discuss unanswered questions that surround these observations and provide perspective on future directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanggan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Samvit Tandan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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12
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Physical interaction between calcineurin and Cav3.2 T‐type Ca
2
+
channel modulates their functions. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1723-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Heineke J, Ritter O. Cardiomyocyte calcineurin signaling in subcellular domains: from the sarcolemma to the nucleus and beyond. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:62-73. [PMID: 22064325 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The serine-threonine phosphatase calcineurin is activated in cardiac myocytes in the diseased heart and induces pathological hypertrophy. Calcineurin activity is mainly triggered by calcium/calmodulin binding but also through calpain mediated cleavage. How controlled calcineurin activation is possible in cardiac myocytes, which typically show a 10-fold difference in cytosolic calcium concentration with every heartbeat, has remained enigmatic. It is now emerging that calcineurin activation and signaling occur in subcellular microdomains, in which it is brought together with target proteins and exceedingly high concentrations of calcium in order to induce downstream signaling. We review current evidence of subcellular calcineurin mainly at the sarcolemma and the nucleus, but also in association with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. We also suggest that knowledge about subcellular signaling could help to develop inhibitors of calcineurin in specific microdomains to avoid side-effects that may arise from complete calcineurin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Heineke
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Rebirth - Cluster of Excellence, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Nejatbakhsh N, Feng ZP. Calcium binding protein-mediated regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels linked to human diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:741-8. [PMID: 21642945 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion entry through voltage-gated calcium channels is essential for cellular signalling in a wide variety of cells and multiple physiological processes. Perturbations of voltage-gated calcium channel function can lead to pathophysiological consequences. Calcium binding proteins serve as calcium sensors and regulate the calcium channel properties via feedback mechanisms. This review highlights the current evidences of calcium binding protein-mediated channel regulation in human diseases.
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15
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Xu H, Ginsburg KS, Hall DD, Zimmermann M, Stein IS, Zhang M, Tandan S, Hill JA, Horne MC, Bers D, Hell JW. Targeting of protein phosphatases PP2A and PP2B to the C-terminus of the L-type calcium channel Ca v1.2. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10298-307. [PMID: 21053940 PMCID: PMC3075818 DOI: 10.1021/bi101018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The L-type Ca(2+) channel Ca(v)1.2 forms macromolecular signaling complexes that comprise the β(2) adrenergic receptor, trimeric G(s) protein, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) for efficient signaling in heart and brain. The protein phosphatases PP2A and PP2B are part of this complex. PP2A counteracts increase in Ca(v)1.2 channel activity by PKA and other protein kinases, whereas PP2B can either augment or decrease Ca(v)1.2 currents in cardiomyocytes depending on the precise experimental conditions. We found that PP2A binds to two regions in the C-terminus of the central, pore-forming α(1) subunit of Ca(v)1.2: one region spans residues 1795-1818 and the other residues 1965-1971. PP2B binds immediately downstream of residue 1971. Injection of a peptide that contained residues 1965-1971 and displaced PP2A but not PP2B from endogenous Ca(v)1.2 increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated L-type Ca(2+) currents in acutely isolated cardiomyocytes. Together with our biochemical data, these physiological results indicate that anchoring of PP2A at this site of Ca(v)1.2 in the heart negatively regulates cardiac L-type currents, likely by counterbalancing basal and stimulated phosphorylation that is mediated by PKA and possibly other kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
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16
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Norris CM, Blalock EM, Chen KC, Porter NM, Thibault O, Kraner SD, Landfield PW. Hippocampal 'zipper' slice studies reveal a necessary role for calcineurin in the increased activity of L-type Ca(2+) channels with aging. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:328-38. [PMID: 18471936 PMCID: PMC2795015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibition of the Ca(2+)-/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN) blocks L-type voltage sensitive Ca(2+) channel (L-VSCC) activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. However, it is not known whether CN contributes to the increase in hippocampal L-VSCC activity that occurs with aging in at least some mammalian species. It is also unclear whether CN's necessary role in VSCC activity is simply permissive or is directly enhancing. To resolve these questions, we used partially dissociated hippocampal "zipper" slices to conduct cell-attached patch recording and RT-PCR on largely intact single neurons from young-adult, mid-aged, and aged rats. Further, we tested for direct CN enhancement of L-VSCCs using virally mediated infection of cultured neurons with an activated form of CN. Similar to previous work, L-VSCC activity was elevated in CA1 neurons of mid-aged and aged rats relative to young adults. The CN inhibitor, FK-506 (5muM) completely blocked the aging-related increase in VSCC activity, reducing the activity level in aged rat neurons to that in younger rat neurons. However, aging was not associated with an increase in neuronal CN mRNA expression, nor was CN expression correlated with VSCC activity. Delivery of activated CN to primary hippocampal cultures induced an increase in neuronal L-VSCC activity but did not elevate L-VSCC protein levels. Together, the results provide the first evidence that CN activity, but not increased expression, plays a selective and necessary role in the aging-related increase in available L-VSCCs, possibly by direct activation. Thus, these studies point to altered CN function as a novel and potentially key factor in aging-dependent neuronal Ca(2+) dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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17
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18
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Tandan S, Wang Y, Wang TT, Jiang N, Hall DD, Hell JW, Luo X, Rothermel BA, Hill JA. Physical and functional interaction between calcineurin and the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel. Circ Res 2009; 105:51-60. [PMID: 19478199 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.199828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The L-type Ca(2+) channel (LTCC) is the major mediator of Ca(2+) influx in cardiomyocytes, leading to both mechanical contraction and activation of signaling cascades. Among these Ca(2+)-activated cascades is calcineurin, a protein phosphatase that promotes hypertrophic growth of the heart. Coimmunoprecipitations from heart extracts and pulldowns using heterologously expressed proteins provided evidence for direct binding of calcineurin at both the N and C termini of alpha(1)1.2. At the C terminus, calcineurin bound specifically at amino acids 1943 to 1971, adjacent to a well-characterized protein kinase (PK)A/PKC/PKG phospho-acceptor site Ser1928. In vitro assays demonstrated that calcineurin can dephosphorylate alpha(1)1.2. Channel function was increased in voltage-clamp recordings of I(Ca,L) from cultured cardiomyocytes expressing constitutively active calcineurin, consistent with previous observations in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Conversely, acute suppression of calcineurin pharmacologically or with specific peptides decreased I(Ca,L). These data reveal direct physical interaction between the LTCC and calcineurin in heart. Furthermore, they demonstrate that calcineurin induces robust increases in I(Ca,L) and highlight calcineurin as a key modulator of pathological electrical remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvit Tandan
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390-8573, USA
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19
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Chiang CS, Huang CH, Chieng H, Chang YT, Chang D, Chen JJ, Chen YC, Chen YH, Shin HS, Campbell KP, Chen CC. The Ca
V
3.2 T-Type Ca
2+
Channel Is Required for Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice. Circ Res 2009; 104:522-30. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.184051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated T-type Ca
2+
channels (T-channels) are normally expressed during embryonic development in ventricular myocytes but are undetectable in adult ventricular myocytes. Interestingly, T-channels are reexpressed in hypertrophied or failing hearts. It is unclear whether T-channels play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy and what the mechanism might be. Here we show that the α
1H
voltage-gated T-type Ca
2+
channel (Ca
v
3.2) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy via the activation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. Specifically, pressure overload–induced hypertrophy was severely suppressed in mice deficient for Ca
v
3.2 (Ca
v
3.2
−/−
) but not in mice deficient for Ca
v
3.1 (Ca
v
3.1
−/−
). Angiotensin II–induced cardiac hypertrophy was also suppressed in Ca
v
3.2
−/−
mice. Consistent with these findings, cultured neonatal myocytes isolated from Ca
v
3.2
−/−
mice fail to respond hypertrophic stimulation by treatment with angiotensin II. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of Ca
v
3.2 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. To test whether Ca
v
3.2 mediates the hypertrophic response through the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, we generated Ca
v
3.2
−/−
, NFAT-luciferase reporter mice and showed that NFAT-luciferase reporter activity failed to increase after pressure overload in the Ca
v
3.2
−/−
/NFAT-Luc mice. Our results provide strong genetic evidence that Ca
v
3.2 indeed plays a pivotal role in the induction of calcineurin/NFAT hypertrophic signaling and is crucial for the activation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Sung Chiang
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Ching-Hui Huang
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Hockling Chieng
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Dory Chang
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Ji-Jr Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Yong-Cyuan Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (C.-S.C., C.-H.H., H.C., Y.-T.C., D.C., J.-J.C., Y.-C.C.,Y.-H.C., C.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (C.-H.H., C.-C.C.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Science (H.-S.S.), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology (K.P.C.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City
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20
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Somers JR, Beck PL, Lees-Miller JP, Roach D, Li Y, Guo J, Loken S, Zhan S, Semeniuk L, Duff HJ. iNOS in cardiac myocytes plays a critical role in death in a murine model of hypertrophy induced by calcineurin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1122-H1131. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00386.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic overexpression of calcineurin (CN/Tg) in mouse cardiac myocytes results in hypertrophy followed by dilation, dysfunction, and sudden death. Nitric oxide (NO) produced via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in cardiac injury. Since calcineurin regulates iNOS expression, and since phenotypes of mice overexpressing iNOS are similar to CN/Tg, we hypothesized that iNOS is pathogenically involved in cardiac phenotypes of CN/Tg mice. CN/Tg mice had increased serum and cardiac iNOS levels. When CN/Tg-iNOS−/− and CN/Tg mice were compared, some phenotypes were similar: extent of hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, CN/Tg-iNOS−/− mice had improved systolic performance ( P < 0.001) and less heart block ( P < 0.0001); larger sodium current density and lower serum TNF-α levels ( P < 0.03); and less apoptosis ( P < 0.01) resulting in improved survival ( P < 0.0003). To define tissue origins of iNOS production, chimeric lines were generated. Bone marrow (BM) from wild-type or iNOS−/− mice was transplanted into CN/Tg mice. iNOS deficiency restricted to BM-derived cells was not protective. Calcineurin activates the local production of NO by iNOS in cardiac myocytes, which significantly contributes to sudden death, heart block, left ventricular dilation, and impaired systolic performance in this murine model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by the overexpression of calcineurin.
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21
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Qi XY, Yeh YH, Xiao L, Burstein B, Maguy A, Chartier D, Villeneuve LR, Brundel BJJM, Dobrev D, Nattel S. Cellular signaling underlying atrial tachycardia remodeling of L-type calcium current. Circ Res 2008; 103:845-54. [PMID: 18723446 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.175463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial tachycardia (AT) downregulates L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)) and causes atrial fibrillation-promoting electric remodeling. This study assessed potential underlying signal transduction. Cultured adult canine atrial cardiomyocytes were paced at 0, 1, or 3 Hz (P0, P1, P3) for up to 24 hours. Cellular tachypacing (P3) mimicked effects of in vivo AT: decreased I(CaL) and transient outward current (I(to)), unchanged I(CaT), I(Kr), and I(Ks), and reduced action potential duration (APD). I(CaL) was unchanged in P3 at 2 and 8 hours but decreased by 55+/-6% at 24 hours. Tachypacing caused Ca(2+)(i) accumulation in P3 cells at 2 to 8 hours, but, by 24 hours, Ca(2+)i returned to baseline. Ca(v)1.2 mRNA expression was not altered at 2 hours but decreased significantly at 8 and 24 hours (32+/-4% and 48+/-4%, respectively) and protein expression was decreased (47+/-8%) at 24 hours only. Suppressing Ca(2+)(i) increases during tachypacing with the I(CaL) blocker nimodipine or the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM prevented I(CaL) downregulation. Calcineurin activity increased in P3 at 2 and 8 hours, respectively, returning to baseline at 24 hours. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) nuclear translocation was enhanced in P3 cells. Ca(2+)-dependent signaling was probed with inhibitors of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (W-7), calcineurin (FK-506), and NFAT (INCA6): each prevented I(CaL) downregulation. Significant APD reductions ( approximately 30%) at 24 hours in P3 cells were prevented by nimodipine, BAPTA-AM, W-7, or FK-506. Thus, rapid atrial cardiomyocyte activation causes Ca(2+) loading, which activates the Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin-calcineurin-NFAT system to cause transcriptional downregulation of I(CaL), restoring Ca(2+)i to normal at the cost of APD reduction. These studies elucidate for the first time the molecular feedback mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenic AT remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Qi
- Montreal Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Université de Montéal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Sama MA, Mathis DM, Furman JL, Abdul HM, Artiushin IA, Kraner SD, Norris CM. Interleukin-1beta-dependent signaling between astrocytes and neurons depends critically on astrocytic calcineurin/NFAT activity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:21953-64. [PMID: 18541537 PMCID: PMC2494911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, have each been shown to play an important role in neuroinflammation. However, whether these signaling molecules interact to coordinate immune/inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration has not been investigated. Here, we show that exogenous application of IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) recruited calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) activation in primary astrocyte-enriched cultures within minutes, through a pathway involving IL-1 receptors and L-type Ca(2+) channels. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of the NFAT inhibitor, VIVIT, suppressed the IL-1beta-dependent induction of several inflammatory mediators and/or markers of astrocyte activation, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and vimentin. Expression of an activated form of calcineurin in one set of astrocyte cultures also triggered the release of factors that, in turn, stimulated NFAT activity in a second set of "naive" astrocytes. This effect was prevented when calcineurin-expressing cultures co-expressed VIVIT, suggesting that the calcineurin/NFAT pathway coordinates positive feedback signaling between astrocytes. In the presence of astrocytes and neurons, 48-h delivery of IL-1beta was associated with several excitotoxic effects, including NMDA receptor-dependent neuronal death, elevated extracellular glutamate, and hyperexcitable synaptic activity. Each of these effects were reversed or ameliorated by targeted delivery of VIVIT to astrocytes. IL-1beta also caused an NFAT-dependent reduction in excitatory amino acid transporter levels, indicating a possible mechanism for IL-1beta-mediated excitotoxicity. Taken together, the results have potentially important implications for the propagation and maintenance of neuroinflammatory signaling processes associated with many neurodegenerative conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Sama
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Graduate Center for Gerontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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23
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Wang Y, Tandan S, Cheng J, Yang C, Nguyen L, Sugianto J, Johnstone JL, Sun Y, Hill JA. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-dependent remodeling of Ca2+ current in pressure overload heart failure. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:25524-25532. [PMID: 18622016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803043200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity is increased in heart failure (HF), a syndrome characterized by markedly increased risk of arrhythmia. Activation of CaMKII increases peak L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) and slows I(Ca) inactivation. Whether these events are linked mechanistically is unknown. I(Ca) was recorded in acutely dissociated subepicardial and subendocardial murine left ventricular (LV) myocytes using the whole cell patch clamp method. Pressure overload heart failure was induced by surgical constriction of the thoracic aorta. I(Ca) density was significantly larger in subepicardial myocytes than in subendocardial/myocytes. Similar patterns were observed in the cell surface expression of alpha1c, the channel pore-forming subunit. In failing LV, I(Ca) density was increased proportionately in both cell types, and the time course of I(Ca) inactivation was slowed. This typical pattern of changes suggested a role of CaMKII. Consistent with this, measurements of CaMKII activity revealed a 2-3-fold increase (p < 0.05) in failing LV. To test for a causal link, we measured frequency-dependent I(Ca) facilitation. In HF myocytes, this CaMKII-dependent process could not be induced, suggesting already maximal activation. Internal application of active CaMKII in failing myocytes did not elicit changes in I(Ca). Finally, CaMKII inhibition by internal diffusion of a specific peptide inhibitor reduced I(Ca) density and inactivation time course to similar levels in control and HF myocytes. I(Ca) density manifests a significant transmural gradient, and this gradient is preserved in heart failure. Activation of CaMKII, a known pro-arrhythmic molecule, is a major contributor to I(Ca) remodeling in load-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanggan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Samvit Tandan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Jessica Sugianto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Janet L Johnstone
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Dallas, Texas 75390-8573; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573 and the.
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24
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Kawai K, Kawai T, Sambol JT, Xu DZ, Yuan Z, Caputo FJ, Badami CD, Deitch EA, Yatani A. Cellular mechanisms of burn-related changes in contractility and its prevention by mesenteric lymph ligation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H2475-84. [PMID: 17237243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01164.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major burn injury results in impairment of left ventricular (LV) contractile function. There is strong evidence to support the involvement of gut-derived factor(s) transported in mesenteric lymph in the development of burn-related contractile dysfunction; i.e., mesenteric lymph duct ligation (LDL) prevents burn-related contractile depression. However, the cellular mechanisms for altered myocardial contractility of postburn hearts are largely unknown, and the cellular basis for the salutary effects of LDL on cardiac function have not been investigated. We examined contractility, Ca2+ transients, and L-type Ca2+ currents ( ICa) in LV myocytes isolated from four groups of rats: 1) sham burn, 2) sham burn with LDL (sham + LDL), 3) burn (≈40% of total body surface area burn), and 4) burn with LDL (burn + LDL). Myocytes isolated from hearts at 24 h postburn had a depressed contractility (≈20%) at baseline and blunted responsiveness to elevation of bath Ca2+. Myocyte contractility was comparable in sham + LDL and sham burn hearts. LDL completely prevented burn-related changes in myocyte contractility. Mechanistically, the decrease in contractility in myocytes from postburn hearts occurred with a decrease in the amplitude of Ca2+ transients (≈20%) without changes in resting Ca2+ or Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, ICa density was decreased (≈30%) in myocytes from postburn hearts, with unaltered voltage-dependent properties. Thus burn-related myocardial contractile dysfunction is linked with depressed myocyte contractility associated with a decrease in ICa density. These findings also provide strong evidence that mesenteric lymph is involved in the onset of burn-related cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawai
- Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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25
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Guo J, Zhan S, Somers J, Westenbroek RE, Catterall WA, Roach DE, Sheldon RS, Lees-Miller JP, Li P, Shimoni Y, Duff HJ. Decrease in density of INa is in the common final pathway to heart block in murine hearts overexpressing calcineurin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H2669-79. [PMID: 16751287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01247.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of calcineurin in transgenic mouse heart results in massive cardiac hypertrophy followed by sudden death. Sudden deaths are caused by abrupt transitions from sinus rhythm to heart block (asystole) in calcineurin-overexpressing (CN) mice. Preliminary studies showed decreased maximum change in potential over time (d V/d tmax) of phase 0 of the action potential. Accordingly, the hypothesis was tested that decreased activity of the sodium channel contributes to heart block. Profound decreases in activity of sodium currents ( INa) paralleled the changes in action potential characteristics. Progressive age-dependent decreases were observed such that at 42–50 days of life little sodium channel function existed. However, this was not paralleled by decreased protein expression as assessed by immunocytochemistry or by Western blot. Since calcineurin can interact with the ryanodine receptor, we assessed whether chronic in vitro treatment with BAPTA-AM, thapsigargin, and ryanodine could rescue the decrease of INa. All of these treatments rescued INa to levels indistinguishable from wild type. The nonspecific PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I also rescued the decrease of INa. To assess whether decreased sodium channel activity contributes to sudden death in vivo, the response to encainide (20 mg/kg) was assessed: 6 of 10 young CN mice died because of asystole, whereas 0 of 10 wild-type mice died ( P < 0.01). Moreover, encainide produced exaggerated prolongation of the QRS width in sinus beats before the heart block. Catecholamine tone appears necessary to support life in older CN mice because propranolol (1 mg/kg) triggered asystolic death in five of six CN mice. We conclude that decrease in sodium channel activity is in the common final pathway to asystole in CN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
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26
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Petkova-Kirova PS, Gursoy E, Mehdi H, McTiernan CF, London B, Salama G. Electrical remodeling of cardiac myocytes from mice with heart failure due to the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H2098-107. [PMID: 16339842 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice that overexpress the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the heart (TNF mice) develop heart failure characterized by atrial and ventricular dilatation, decreased ejection fraction, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and increased mortality (males > females). Abnormalities in Ca2+ handling, prolonged action potential duration (APD), calcium alternans, and reentrant atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were previously observed with the use of optical mapping of perfused hearts from TNF mice. We therefore tested whether altered voltage-gated outward K+ and/or inward Ca2+ currents contribute to the altered action potential characteristics and the increased vulnerability to arrhythmias. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings of K+ currents from left ventricular myocytes of TNF mice revealed an approximately 50% decrease in the rapidly activating, rapidly inactivating transient outward K+ current Ito and in the rapidly activating, slowly inactivating delayed rectifier current IK,slow1, an approximately 25% decrease in the rapidly activating, slowly inactivating delayed rectifier current IK,slow2, and no significant change in the steady-state current Iss compared with controls. Peak amplitudes and inactivation kinetics of the L-type Ca2+ current ICa,L were not altered. Western blot analyses revealed a reduction in the proteins underlying Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and Kv1.5. Thus decreased K+ channel expression is largely responsible for the prolonged APD in the TNF mice and may, along with abnormalities in Ca2+ handling, contribute to arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S Petkova-Kirova
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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27
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Choudhary R, Sastry BKS, Subramanyam C. Positive correlations between serum calcineurin activity and left ventricular hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2005; 105:327-31. [PMID: 16274778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among various intracellular signaling cascades associated with cardiac hypertrophy, the involvement of calcineurin (CaN; Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase) is gaining credence because of its enhanced activity in ventricular myocardium and the ability of CaN inhibitors to prevent pressure-overload hypertrophy. Since our recent findings attribute clinical significance to serum CaN, the present investigation was conducted to evaluate its significance in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS The study group comprised of patients diagnosed for hypertensive hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chronic coronary artery disease with compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction. Serum contents of CaN and calmodulin were determined and activities of CaN as well as of acid and alkaline phosphatases were assayed and correlated with 2D echocardiography findings. The results were compared with those obtained from age-matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS Serum CaN activity, but not of acid or alkaline phosphatases, was significantly enhanced by 2-fold in hypertensive hypertrophy, 3-fold in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 3.75-fold in chronic coronary artery disease associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, unaccompanied by changes in serum contents of calmodulin and CaN. No such increases were observed in acute myocardial infarction and dilated cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS Positive correlations observed between serum CaN activity and enhanced left ventricular mass in cardiac hypertrophy suggest that assaying serum CaN activity may be useful in the diagnosis and management of left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Choudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India
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28
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Wilkins BJ, Molkentin JD. Calcium-calcineurin signaling in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:1178-91. [PMID: 15336966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a leading predicator of progressive heart disease that often leads to heart failure and a loss of cardiac contractile performance associated with profound alterations in intracellular calcium handling. Recent investigation has centered on identifying the molecular signaling pathways that regulate cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, as well as the mechanisms whereby alterations in calcium handling are associated with progressive heart failure. One potential focal regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that also responds to altered calcium handling is the calmodulin-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin (PP2B). Once activated by increases in calcium, calcineurin mediates the hypertrophic response through its downstream transcriptional effector nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which is directly dephosphorylated by calcineurin resulting in nuclear translocation. While previous studies have convincingly demonstrated the sufficiency of calcineurin to mediate cardiac hypertrophy and progressive heart failure, its necessity remains an area of ongoing investigation. Here we weigh an increasing body of literature that suggests a causal link between calcineurin signaling and the cardiac hypertrophic response and heart failure through the use of pharmacologic inhibitors (cyclosporine A and FK506) and genetic approaches. We will also discuss the manner in which calcineurin-NFAT signaling is negatively regulated in the heart through a diverse array of kinases and inhibitory proteins. Finally, we will discuss emerging theories as to the mechanisms whereby alterations in intracellular calcium handling might stimulate calcineurin within the context of a contractile cell continually experiencing calcium flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wilkins
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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29
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Yatani A, Irie K, Otani T, Abdellatif M, Wei L. RhoA GTPase regulates L-type Ca2+ currents in cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H650-9. [PMID: 15471984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00268.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of ionic channels plays a pivotal role in controlling cardiac function. Here we show that the Rho family of small G proteins regulates L-type Ca2+ currents in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Ventricular myocytes isolated from transgenic (TG) mice that overexpress the specific GDP dissociation inhibitor Rho GDI-alpha exhibited significantly decreased basal L-type Ca2+ current density (approximately 40%) compared with myocytes from nontransgenic (NTG) mice. The Ca2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 and the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol increased Ca2+ currents in both NTG and TG myocytes to a similar maximal level, and no changes in mRNA or protein levels were observed in the Ca2+ channel alpha1-subunits. These results suggest that the channel activity but not the expression level was altered in TG myocytes. In addition, the densities of inward rectifier and transient outward K+ currents were unchanged in TG myocytes. The amplitudes and rates of basal twitches and Ca2+ transients were also similar between the two groups. When the protein was delivered directly into adult ventricular myocytes via TAT-mediated protein transduction, Rho GDI-alpha significantly decreased Ca2+ current density, which supports the idea that the defective Ca2+ channel activity in TG myocytes was a primary effect of the transgene. In addition, expression of a dominant-negative RhoA but not a dominant-negative Rac-1 or Cdc42 also significantly decreased Ca2+ current density, which indicates that inhibition of Ca2+ channel activity by overexpression of Rho GDI-alpha is mediated by inhibition of RhoA. This study points to the L-type Ca2+ channel activity as a novel downstream target of the RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yatani
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA
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30
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that subcellular targeting of signaling molecules is an important means of regulating the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Subcellular organization of the signaling molecules in the PKA pathway insures that a signal initiated at the receptor level is transferred efficiently to a PKA substrate eliciting some cellular response. This subcellular targeting appears to regulate the function of a highly specialized cell such as the cardiac myocyte. This review focuses on A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) which are expressed in the heart. It has been determined that, of the approximately 13 different AKAPs expressed in cardiac tissue, several of these are expressed in cardiac myocytes. These AKAPs bind several PKA substrates and some appear to regulate PKA-dependent phosphorylation of these substrates. AKAP tethering of PKA may be essential for efficient regulation of cardiac muscle contraction. The ability of an AKAP to anchor PKA may be altered in the failing heart, thus compromising the ability of the myocyte to respond to stimuli which elicit the PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Ruehr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, FF10 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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31
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Abstract
In recent years, electrical remodeling has emerged as an important pathophysiologic mechanism in many types of cardiac pathology. Because clinical heart disease often involves both hypertrophic and failure phenotypes, identification of disease-specific mechanisms is essential. This review focuses on mechanisms of electrical remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy, emphasizing transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes and Ca(2+)-responsive signaling pathways. Where information is available, the remodeling of hypertrophy is contrasted with what is known about heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
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32
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Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Role of calcineurin in striated muscle: development, adaptation, and disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 311:1133-41. [PMID: 14623299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Striated muscles, cardiac and skeletal muscles, use calcium as a second messenger to respond and adapt to environmental stimuli. Elevations in intracellular calcium activate calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase, resulting in expression of a set of genes involved in remodeling striated muscle. Activation of calcineurin in hearts produces cardiac hypertrophy, and in skeletal muscle promotes cell differentiation and transforms fiber type specificity. In this review we discuss the effects of calcineurin activity on development, adaptation, and disease of striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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33
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Liao Y, Takashima S, Asano Y, Asakura M, Ogai A, Shintani Y, Minamino T, Asanuma H, Sanada S, Kim J, Ogita H, Tomoike H, Hori M, Kitakaze M. Activation of adenosine A1 receptor attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and prevents heart failure in murine left ventricular pressure-overload model. Circ Res 2003; 93:759-66. [PMID: 12970111 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000094744.88220.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sympathomimetic stimulation, angiotensin II, or endothelin-1 is considered to be an essential stimulus mediating ventricular hypertrophy. Adenosine is known to protect the heart from excessive catecholamine exposure, reduce production of endothelin-1, and attenuate the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. These findings suggest that adenosine may also attenuate myocardial hypertrophy. To verify this hypothesis, we examined whether activation of adenosine receptors can attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and reduce the risk of heart failure. Our in vitro study of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes showed that 2-chloroadenosine (CADO), a stable adenosine analogue, inhibits protein synthesis of cardiomyocytes induced by phenylephrine, endothelin-1, angiotensin II, or isoproterenol, which were mimicked by the stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors. For our in vivo study, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6 male mice. Four weeks after TAC, both heart to body weight ratio (6.80+/-0.18 versus 8.34+/-0.33 mg/g, P<0.0001) as well as lung to body weight ratio (6.23+/-0.27 versus 10.03+/-0.85 mg/g, P<0.0001) became significantly lower in CADO-treated mice than in the TAC group. Left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular dP/dtmax were improved significantly by CADO treatment. Similar results were obtained using the selective adenosine A1 agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). A nonselective adenosine antagonist, 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline, and a selective adenosine A1 antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, eliminated the antihypertrophic effect of CADO and CPA, respectively. The plasma norepinephrine level was decreased and myocardial expression of regulator of G protein signaling 4 was upregulated in CADO-treated mice. These results indicate that the stimulation of adenosine receptors attenuates both the cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction via adenosine A1 receptor-mediated mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- 2-Chloroadenosine/pharmacology
- 2-Chloroadenosine/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Aorta/surgery
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists
- Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists
- Receptors, Cell Surface/agonists
- Ventricular Pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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34
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Semeniuk LM, Severson DL, Kryski AJ, Swirp SL, Molkentin JD, Duff HJ. Time-dependent systolic and diastolic function in mice overexpressing calcineurin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 284:H425-30. [PMID: 12388248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00546.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Echocardiograms have been assessed only at 56 days in mice overexpressing calcineurin (CN mice). Age-dependent echocardiographic changes were evaluated because the development of sudden death is time dependent. Because cyclosporin A (CsA) reverses hypertrophy in CN mice, its effects on the time course of the development of sudden death and cardiac dysfunction were assessed. In wild-type (WT) mice, the left ventricular (LV) internal end-diastolic dimension (LVIDd) increased and the LV mass index (LVMI) decreased with age. In CN mice, two distinct phases of pathophysiology were found. After 14 days, in CN mice, the LVIDd and LVMI were significantly increased, but sudden death had not occurred. After 28 days, in CN mice, relative dilation of the left ventricle occurred, whereas the LVMI decreased. Sudden death developed during progressive dilation associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. CsA treatment reversed hypertrophy in CN mice but did not reverse systolic and diastolic dysfunction and exaggerated sudden death. Sudden cardiac death was associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction but was not related to isolated cardiac hypertrophy in CN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Semeniuk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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35
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Abstract
The heart is a dynamic organ capable of adapting its size and architecture in response to alterations in workload associated with developmental maturation, physiological stimulation and pathological diseases. Such alterations in heart size typically result from the hypertrophic growth of individual myocytes, but not myocyte cellular proliferation. In recent years, a great deal of investigation has gone toward elucidating the molecular signalling machinery that underlies the hypertrophic response and manner in which increased cardiac load promotes alterations in gene expression. To this end, the Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin has been proposed as a necessary component of the multi-pathway hypertrophy program in the heart. Despite initial controversy over this hypothesis due to disparate results from pharmacological inhibitory studies in animal models of hypertrophy, compelling data from genetic models with calcineurin inhibition now exist. This review will summarize many of these studies and will attempt to address a number of unanswered issues. In particular, specific downstream mediators of calcineurin signalling will be discussed, as well as the need to identify calcineurin's temporal activation profile, transcriptional targets and cross-communication with other reactive signalling pathways in the heart. Finally, we will present evidence suggesting that calcineurin, as a Ca(2+)-responsive enzyme, may function as an internal load sensor in cardiac myocytes, matching output demands to hypertrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wilkins
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bueno OF, van Rooij E, Molkentin JD, Doevendans PA, De Windt LJ. Calcineurin and hypertrophic heart disease: novel insights and remaining questions. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53:806-21. [PMID: 11922891 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 2 years, an emerging body of research has focused on a novel transcriptional pathway involved in the cardiac hypertrophic response. Ever since its introduction, the significance of the calcineurin-NFAT module has been subject of controversy. The aim of this review is to provide both an update on the current status of knowledge and discuss the remaining issues regarding the involvement of calcineurin in hypertrophic heart disease. To this end, the molecular biology of calcineurin and its direct downstream transcriptional effector NFAT are discussed in the context of the genetic studies that established the existence of this signaling paradigm in the heart. The pharmacological mode-of-action and specificity of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506 is discussed, as well as their inherent limitations to study the biology of calcineurin. A critical interpretation is given on studies aimed at analyzing the role of calcineurin in cardiac hypertrophy using systemic immunosuppression. To eliminate the controversy surrounding CsA/FK506 usage, recent studies employed genetic inhibitory strategies for calcineurin, which confirm the pivotal role for this signal transduction pathway in the ventricular hypertrophy response. Finally, unresolved issues concerning the role of calcineurin in cardiac pathobiology are discussed based upon the information available, including its controversial role in cardiomyocyte viability, the reciprocal relationship between myocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis and calcineurin activity and the relative importance of calcineurin in relation to other hypertrophic signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando F Bueno
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH, USA
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Norris CM, Blalock EM, Chen KC, Porter NM, Landfield PW. Calcineurin enhances L-type Ca(2+) channel activity in hippocampal neurons: increased effect with age in culture. Neuroscience 2002; 110:213-25. [PMID: 11958864 PMCID: PMC1473990 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, modulates a number of key Ca(2+) signaling pathways in neurons, and has been implicated in Ca(2+)-dependent negative feedback inactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels. In contrast, we report here that three mechanistically disparate calcineurin inhibitors, FK-506, cyclosporin A, and the calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide, inhibited high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel currents by up to 40% in cultured hippocampal neurons, suggesting that calcineurin acts to enhance Ca(2+) currents. This effect occurred with Ba(2+) or Ca(2+) as charge carrier, and with or without intracellular Ca(2+) buffered by EGTA. Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of Ca(2+) channels was not affected by FK-506. The immunosuppressant, rapamycin, and the protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, did not decrease Ca(2+) channel current, showing specificity for effects on calcineurin. Blockade of L-type Ca(2+) channels with nimodipine fully negated the effect of FK-506 on Ca(2+) channel current, while blockade of N-, and P-/Q-type Ca(2+) channels enhanced FK-506-mediated inhibition of the remaining L-type-enriched current. FK-506 also inhibited substantially more Ca(2+) channel current in 4-week-old vs. 2-week-old cultures, an effect paralleled by an increase in calcineurin A mRNA levels. These studies provide the first evidence that calcineurin selectively enhances L-type Ca(2+) channel activity in neurons. Moreover, this action appears to be increased concomitantly with the well-characterized increase in L-type Ca(2+) channel availability in hippocampal neurons with age-in-culture.
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Key Words
- protein phosphatase
- aging
- ca2+ channel currents
- fk-506
- cyclosporin a
- nimodipine
- conotoxins
- anova, analysis of variance
- [ca2+]i,intracellular ca2+ concentration
- cn-aip, calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide
- cnqx, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium
- csa, cyclosporin a
- div, days in vitro
- edta, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl-ether)-n,n,n′,n′-tetraacetic acid
- fkbp-12, fk-506-binding protein 12
- hepes, n-(2-hydroxyethyl)pipera-zine-n′-(2-ethanesulphonic acid)
- hva, high-voltage activated
- hplc, high-performance liquid chromatography
- nmdar, n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- rt, reverse transcription
- tea, tetraethylammonium
- vscc., voltage-sensitive ca2+ channel
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Norris
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, MS-310 UKMC, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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Modulation of Thin Filament Activity in Long and Short Term Regulation of Cardiac Function. MOLECULAR CONTROL MECHANISMS IN STRIATED MUSCLE CONTRACTION 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9926-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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