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Kannan B, Navamani HK, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. A Rare Biotinidase Deficiency in the Pediatrics Population: Genotype-Phenotype Analysis. J Pediatr Genet 2023; 12:1-15. [PMID: 36684547 PMCID: PMC9848769 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biotinidase (BTD) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by insufficient biotin metabolism, where it cannot recycle the vitamin biotin. When this deficiency is not treated with supplements, it can lead to severe neurological conditions. Approximately 1 in 60,000 newborns are affected by BTD deficiency. The BTD deficiency causes late-onset biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency, which leads to acidosis or lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and abnormal catabolism. BTD deficiency is of two types based on the amount of BTD Enzyme present in the serum. A wide range of pathogenic mutations in the BTD gene are reported worldwide. Mutations in the BTD gene lead to profound and partial BTD deficiency. Profound BTD deficiency results in a severe pathogenic condition. A high frequency of newborns are affected with the partial deficiency worldwide. They are mostly asymptomatic, but symptoms may appear during stressful conditions such as fasting or viral infections. Several pathogenic mutations are significantly associated with neurological, ophthalmological, and skin problems along with several other clinical features. This review discusses the BTD gene mutation in multiple populations detected with phenotypic features. The molecular-based biomarker screening is necessary for the disease during pregnancy, as it could be helpful for the early identification of BTD deficiency, providing a better treatment strategy. Moreover, implementing newborn screening for the BTD deficiency helps patients prevent several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachander Kannan
- Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hepzibah Kirubamani Navamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Robin TB, Rani NA, Ahmed N, Prome AA, Bappy MNI, Ahmed F. Identification of novel drug targets and screening potential drugs against Cryptococcus gattii: An in silico approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
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3
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Proteome Exploration of
Legionella pneumophila
To Identify Novel Therapeutics: a Hierarchical Subtractive Genomics and Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0037322. [PMID: 35863001 PMCID: PMC9430848 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00373-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila
is a human pathogen distributed worldwide, causing Legionnaires’ disease (LD), a severe form of pneumonia and respiratory tract infection.
L. pneumophila
is emerging as an antibiotic-resistant strain, and controlling LD is now difficult. Hence, developing novel drugs and vaccines against
L. pneumophila
is a major research priority.
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Khan MT, Mahmud A, Iqbal A, Hoque SF, Hasan M. Subtractive genomics approach towards the identification of novel therapeutic targets against human Bartonella bacilliformis. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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5
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Wolf B. Biotinidase deficiency and our champagne legacy. Gene 2016; 589:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hasan MA, Khan MA, Sharmin T, Hasan Mazumder MH, Chowdhury AS. Identification of putative drug targets in Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) using computer aided protein data analysis. Gene 2016; 575:132-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Rahman MA, Noore MS, Hasan MA, Ullah MR, Rahman MH, Hossain MA, Ali Y, Islam MS. Identification of potential drug targets by subtractive genome analysis of Bacillus anthracis A0248: An in silico approach. Comput Biol Chem 2014; 52:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Hallazgos clínicos y genéticos en pacientes con deficiencia de biotinidasa detectados en el cribado neonatal o selectivo de sordera o de enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 137:500-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pindolia K, Jensen K, Wolf B. Three dimensional structure of human biotinidase: computer modeling and functional correlations. Mol Genet Metab 2007; 92:13-22. [PMID: 17629531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Untreated individuals with deficient activity of biotinidase, the enzyme responsible for recycling the vitamin biotin, usually exhibit neurological and cutaneous findings. To better understand the variability in expression of the disorder it is important to understand the structure of the enzyme and the putative effects of various mutations on its activity. Past attempts to express and purify sufficient quantities of the enzyme by us and others have failed. Therefore, we have resorted to computer modeling using homologous related, crystallized nitrilases/amidases to predict the 3-dimensional structure of biotinidase. The resultant structure is a two domain protein with the catalytic triad consisting of glutamate, lysine and cysteine, within the larger domain. The model predicts multiple glycosylation sites at the surface of the enzyme and multiple disulfide bonds. The precise location of the biotin-binding site could not be determined. Characteristics of 45 missense mutations known to cause profound and partial biotinidase deficiency were examined, including their location, their distance from the catalytic triad, and their potential effect on the structure of the enzyme. Although there are obviously short-comings in predicting the 3-dimensional structure of a protein without crystallographic data, because of the marked homology between biotinidase and specific crystallized amidases/nitrilases, the predicted 3-dimensional structure of biotinidase is probable and should be useful providing clues to structure-function relationships and ultimately the effect of mutations on altering the enzyme's hydrolase and transferase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirit Pindolia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henry Ford Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Wolf B. Biotinidase: its role in biotinidase deficiency and biotin metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:441-5. [PMID: 15992688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in biotinidase, the enzyme responsible for recycling the vitamin biotin, initially came from the discovery of biotinidase deficiency in 1982. Since then, the elucidation of other activities of the enzyme, alternative splicing of the biotinidase gene and differential subcellular localization of the enzyme have prompted speculation and investigations of its other possible functions. The results of these studies have implicated biotinidase in aspects of biotin metabolism, specifically the biotinylation of various proteins, such as histones. Biotinidase may have an important regulatory role(s) in chromatin/DNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Wolf
- Division of Research, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
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Bogusiewicz A, Mock NI, Mock DM. Release of biotin from biotinylated proteins occurs enzymatically and nonenzymatically in human plasma. Anal Biochem 2005; 331:260-6. [PMID: 15265731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies in our laboratory and others indicate that biotin is released from biotinylated proteins in vivo and in vitro in human plasma. Using immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the model protein and four different biotinylating reagents, we investigated the mechanism of release. All of the biotin bonds shared an amide link to the carboxyl group of biotin but differed in the chemical links (amide, thioether, and hydrazone) between spacer arm and the various functional groups on IgG. Biotinylated IgG was incubated with phosphate-buffered saline, plasma, or plasma treated to either inactivate enzymes or remove all macromolecules. Released biotin was separated from bound biotin by ultrafiltration and quantitated by avidin-binding assay. As judged by high-performance liquid chromatography, greater than 95% of the released avidin-binding activity was biotin. We infer that the amide bond between the biotin and the spacer arm rather than the bond attaching the spacer to the protein was cleaved. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis detected no proteolytic degradation of biotinylated IgG. Neither heat inactivation of plasma nor ultrafiltration of plasma to remove macromolecules completely eliminated biotin cleavage. We conclude that cleavage of biotin from protein occurs by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bogusiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Neto EC, Schulte J, Rubim R, Lewis E, DeMari J, Castilhos C, Brites A, Giugliani R, Jensen KP, Wolf B. Newborn screening for biotinidase deficiency in Brazil: biochemical and molecular characterizations. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:295-9. [PMID: 15060693 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotinidase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by neurological and cutaneous symptoms. Fortunately, it can be treated and the symptoms prevented by oral administration of the vitamin biotin. Using dried blood-soaked filter paper cards, biotinidase activity was determined in the sera of 225,136 newborns in Brazil. Mutation analysis performed on DNA from 21 babies with low serum biotinidase activity confirmed that 3 had profound biotinidase deficiency (less than 10% of mean normal sera biotinidase activity), 10 had partial biotinidase deficiency (10 to 30% of mean normal serum activity), 1 was homozygous for partial biotinidase deficiency, 4 were heterozygous for either profound or partial deficiency, and 3 were normal. Variability in serum enzyme activities and discrepancies with mutation analyses were probably due to inappropriate handling and storage of samples sent to the laboratory. Obtaining an appropriate control serum at the same time as that of the suspected child will undoubtedly decrease the false-positive rate (0.09%). Mutation analysis can be used to confirm the genotype of these children. The estimated incidence of biotinidase deficiency in Brazil is about 1 in 9,000, higher than in most other countries. Screening and treatment of biotinidase deficiency are effective and warranted. These results strongly suggest that biotinidase deficiency should be included in the newborn mass screening program of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Neto
- Laboratório Nobel RIE, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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Wolf B, Jensen K, Hüner G, Demirkol M, Baykal T, Divry P, Rolland MO, Perez-Cerdá C, Ugarte M, Straussberg R, Basel-Vanagaite L, Baumgartner ER, Suormala T, Scholl S, Das AM, Schweitzer S, Pronicka E, Sykut-Cegielska J. Seventeen novel mutations that cause profound biotinidase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2002; 77:108-11. [PMID: 12359137 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(02)00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report 17 novel mutations that cause profound biotinidase deficiency. Six of the mutations are due to deletions, whereas the remaining 11 mutations are missense mutations located throughout the gene and encode amino acids that are conserved in mammals. Our results increase the total number of different mutations that cause biotinidase deficiency to 79. These additional mutations will undoubtedly be helpful in identifying structure/function relationships once the three-dimensional structure of biotinidase is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolf
- Division of Research, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
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Swango KL, Wolf B. Conservation of biotindase in mammals and identification of the putative biotinidase gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Genet Metab 2001; 74:492-9. [PMID: 11749055 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder that is characterized by the failure to recycle biotin. Many of the known mutations that cause profound biotinidase deficiency are due to missense mutations that alter amino acids that are presumably important for proper enzyme function. Amino acids essential for biotinidase activity are likely conserved in species that are dependent on biotin recycling. To gain further insight into those amino acids or regions of biotinidase that are important for enzyme activity, we examined the conservation of the amino acids in various mammalian species. The amino acid sequences of biotinidase of monkey, cow, mouse, rat, and pig from the second putative transcription start site to the stop codon of the proteins are highly conserved when compared with each other and with human enzyme, but regions upstream of the second putative transcription start site are not conserved. In addition, because the entire genome of Drosophila is now available, we have identified the putative biotinidase gene in the insect and its corresponding amino acid sequence. The same 62-amino-acid region, which includes a cysteine and is an essential part of the active site of bacterial amidases and nitrilases, is highly conserved in all the mammalian and putative Drosophila biotinidases. Many of the missense mutations that cause biotinidase deficiency are located in these conserved regions of the mammalian and Drosophila biotinidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Swango
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virigina of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
Biotinidase (BTD) is the only enzyme that can cleave biocytin, a product of the proteolytic digestion of holocarboxylases. Profound BTD deficiency (less than 10% mean normal activity in serum) is an autosomal recessive disorder that can result in neurological and cutaneous abnormalities. Both the cDNA and the genomic DNA of normal BTD gene have been isolated and characterized. The BTD gene is localized to chromosome 3p25. Thus far 61 mutations in three of the four exons of the BTD and one mutation in an intron gene that cause profound BTD deficiency have been reported. Mutations occur at different frequencies in symptomatic children than they do in children ascertained by newborn screening. Two mutations, 98-104del7ins3 and R538C, were present in 52% or 31 of 60 alleles found in symptomatic patients. Three other mutations, A755G, Q456H, and 511 G>A; 1330G>C (double mutation), accounted for 52% of the alleles detected by newborn screening in the United States. Two asymptomatic adults, parents of children with profound BTD deficiency detected by newborn screening, have been described. Additional different mutations have been found in Turkish, Saudi Arabian, and Japanese children with profound BTD deficiency. Partial BTD deficiency (10-30% of mean normal serum activity) is predominantly caused by the single 1330G>C mutation that results in D444H on one allele in combination with one of the mutations causing profound deficiency on the other allele. Four intragenic polymorphisms, three neutral and one amino acid change, have also been found. Although a preponderance of mutations causing the production of truncated BTD protein occurs in symptomatic children with profound deficiency, preliminary studies fail to demonstrate clear genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hymes
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
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