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Phylogenomics of Aralia sect. Aralia (Araliaceae): Signals of hybridization and insights into its species delimitations and intercontinental biogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 181:107727. [PMID: 36754338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-scale data have significantly increased the number of informative characters for phylogenetic analyses and recent studies have also revealed widespread phylogenomic discordance in many plant lineages. Aralia sect. Aralia is a small plant lineage (14 spp.) of the ginseng family Araliaceae with a disjunct distribution between eastern Asia (11 spp.) and North America (3 spp.). We herein employ sequences of hundreds of nuclear loci and the complete plastomes using targeted sequence capture and genome skimming to reconstruct the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of this section. We detected substantial conflicts among nuclear genes, yet different analytical strategies generated largely congruent topologies from the nuclear data. Significant cytonuclear discordance was detected, especially concerning the positions of the three North American species. The phylogenomic results support two intercontinental disjunctions: (1) Aralia californica of western North America is sister to the eastern Asian clade consisting of A. cordata and A. continentalis in the nuclear tree, and (2) the eastern North American A. racemosa forms a clade with A. bicrenata from southwestern North America, and the North American A. racemosa - A. bicrenata clade is then sister to the eastern Asian clade consisting of A. glabra (Japan), A. fargesii (C China), and A. apioides and A. atropurpurea (the Hengduan Mountains). Aralia cordata is supported to be disjunctly distributed in Japan, Taiwan, the Ulleung island of Korea, and in Central, Southwest and South China, and Aralia continentalis is redefined with a narrower distribution in Northeast China, eastern Russia and peninsular Korea.
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Hofmann CC, Zhao WY. Unravelling the palaeobiogeographical history of the living fossil genus Rehderodendron (Styracaceae) with fossil and extant pollen and fruit data. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:145. [PMID: 36522642 PMCID: PMC9756486 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relict genus Rehderodendron (Styracaceae), the species of which are restricted to mostly warm temperate to tropical climate in East Asia today, is known from fossil fruits and pollen in Europe during warmer periods from the lower Eocene to Pliocene. To infer which extant species are most closely related to the fossils, new data of pollen and fruit morphologiesy of six extant species, and additional new data of fossil pollen and previously described fossil fruits of Rehderodendron, are compared. RESULTS Both fossil pollen and fruits resemble a morphological mixture of the extant species R. indochinense, R. kwantungense, R. macrocarpum, and R. microcarpum, thus implying that these extant taxa and the fossil European taxa represent an old Eurasian lineage, whereas the pollen and fruit morphology of the extant R. kweichowense and R. truongsonense differ considerably from the fossils and other extant species investigated, and are considered to have evolved independently. CONCLUSIONS The palaeobiogeographical history of Rehderodendron reveals that its fossil members of the European lineage were most prominent during climatic optima such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO) and Middle Miocene Thermal Maximum (MMTM). However, when during the Pliocene the climate changed to colder and less humid conditions, the genus went extinct in Europe but migrated eastwards, most likely in two dispersal events along the Tethys Sea prior to extinction. One of the former most westerly stepping stones is suggested by the refugial occurrence of R. microcarpum in the southeastern Himalaya, whereas R. macrocarpum and R. kwangtungense, the taxa distributed more to the east, might have migrated eastwards already before the Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa-Charlotte Hofmann
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Palaeontology, University Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wan-Yi Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
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Chloroplast Genome Evolution and Species Identification of Styrax (Styracaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5364094. [PMID: 35252450 PMCID: PMC8893999 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5364094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The genus Styrax L. consists of approximately 130 species distributed in the Americas, eastern Asia, and the Mediterranean region. The phylogeny and evolutionary history of this genus are not clear. Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships and the method for species identification will be critical for the evolution of this genus. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of 17 Styrax samples and added 17 additional chloroplast genome sequences from GenBank. The data were used to investigate chloroplast genome evolution, infer phylogenetic relationships, and access the species identification rate within Styrax. The Styrax chloroplast genome contains typical quadripartite structures, ranging from 157,641 bp to 159,333 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 114 unique genes. The P distance among the Styrax species ranged from 0.0003 to 0.00611. Seventeen small inversions and SSR sites were discovered in the Styrax chloroplast genome. By comparing with the chloroplast genome sequences, six mutation hotspots were identified, and the markers ycf1b and trnT-trnL were identified as the best Styrax-specific DNA barcodes. The specific barcodes and superbarcode exhibited higher discriminatory power than universal barcodes. Chloroplast phylogenomic results improved the resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of Styrax compared to previous analyses.
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Tong T, Shao L. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of styrax macrocarpus (Styracaceae), an endemic species from China. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2811-2812. [PMID: 33457957 PMCID: PMC7782959 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1789005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The whole chloroplast genome of Styrax macrocarpus, an endemic species distributed in China, is determined in this study. The whole chloroplast genome size is 157,805 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC, 87,628 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,267 bp), which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 25,955 bp). One hundred thirty one genes were detected from this genome, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the S. macrocarpus is closely clustered with S. japonicus with strong support values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tong
- Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Shao
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Tong T, Shao L, Peng Z. The complete chloroplast genome of Styrax japonicus (Styracaceae), a deciduous tree distributed in East Asia. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1751004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tong
- College of Landscape Arichitecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Changsha Environmental Protection College, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Shao
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Peng
- College of Landscape Arichitecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Fritsch PW, Nowell CF, Leatherman LST, Gong W, Cruz BC, Burge DO, Delgado-Salinas A. Leaf adaptations and species boundaries in North American Cercis: implications for the evolution of dry floras. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1577-1594. [PMID: 30207598 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The North American Cercis clade spans dry to mesic climates and exhibits complex morphological variation. We tested various proposed species classifications of this group and whether aspects of leaf morphology, particularly the "drip-tip" in some regional populations, are adaptive and/or linked with phylogeny. METHODS We made measurements on over 1100 herbarium specimens from throughout North America and analyzed the data with univariate and multivariate approaches. We analyzed phylogenetically DNA sequence data from nuclear ITS and three plastid regions from 40 samples, and estimated divergence times with a relaxed-clock Bayesian analysis. We used climate and geographic position data to predict the variation observed in leaf size and shape by using stepwise multiple linear regressions. KEY RESULTS Morphometric analyses yielded a pattern of continuous and often clinal character variation across North America, without correlated gaps in character states. Conversely, phylogenetic and divergence time analyses yielded distinct clades from California, the interior west, and eastern North America separated by between ~12 and 16 million years. Multiple regressions yielded highly significant correlations between leaf apex shape and precipitation of the warmest quarter. CONCLUSIONS Despite a pattern of continuous morphological character variation, the long period of geographic and presumably genetic isolation warrants the delimitation of three species. Predictive modeling supports the adaptive value of acuminate apices or "drip-tips" in mesic habitats. This suggests that Cercis leaves change more rapidly than inferred from parsimony reconstruction, which has implications for the evolution of the dry floras of North America and Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Fritsch
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-3400, USA
| | - Camille F Nowell
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4503, USA
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94132, USA
| | - Lila S T Leatherman
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Wei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Boni C Cruz
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4503, USA
| | - Dylan O Burge
- University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alfonso Delgado-Salinas
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-233, 04510, CdMex., Mexico
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Farah AH, Lee SY, Gao Z, Yao TL, Madon M, Mohamed R. Genome Size, Molecular Phylogeny, and Evolutionary History of the Tribe Aquilarieae (Thymelaeaceae), the Natural Source of Agarwood. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:712. [PMID: 29896211 PMCID: PMC5987174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The tribe Aquilarieae of the family Thymelaeaceae consists of two genera, Aquilaria and Gyrinops, with a total of 30 species, distributed from northeast India, through southeast Asia and the south of China, to Papua New Guinea. They are an important botanical resource for fragrant agarwood, a prized product derived from injured or infected stems of these species. The aim of this study was to estimate the genome size of selected Aquilaria species and comprehend the evolutionary history of Aquilarieae speciation through molecular phylogeny. Five non-coding chloroplast DNA regions and a nuclear region were sequenced from 12 Aquilaria and three Gyrinops species. Phylogenetic trees constructed using combined chloroplast DNA sequences revealed relationships of the studied 15 members in Aquilarieae, while nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences showed a paraphyletic relationship between Aquilaria species from Indochina and Malesian. We exposed, for the first time, the estimated divergence time for Aquilarieae speciation, which was speculated to happen during the Miocene Epoch. The ancestral split and biogeographic pattern of studied species were discussed. Results showed no large variation in the 2C-values for the five Aquilaria species (1.35-2.23 pg). Further investigation into the genome size may provide additional information regarding ancestral traits and its evolution history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azman H. Farah
- Forest Biotech Laboratory, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM Serdang), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Shiou Yih Lee
- Forest Biotech Laboratory, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM Serdang), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maria Madon
- Genomics Unit, Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozi Mohamed
- Forest Biotech Laboratory, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM Serdang), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and diversification of angiosperm order Ericales suggest ancient Neotropical and East Asian connections. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 122:59-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Phylogeny and biogeography of East Asian evergreen oaks (Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis; Fagaceae): Insights into the Cenozoic history of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 119:170-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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de Oliveira Bünger M, Fernanda Mazine F, Forest F, Leandro Bueno M, Renato Stehmann J, Lucas EJ. The evolutionary history of Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx (Myrtaceae) corroborates historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic forests. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:1209-1223. [PMID: 27974324 PMCID: PMC5155605 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx Nied. includes 14 species endemic to the Neotropics, mostly distributed in the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. Here the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group is presented, and this phylogeny is used as the basis to evaluate the recent infrageneric classification in Eugenia sensu lato (s.l.) to test the history of the evolution of traits in the group and test hypotheses associated with the history of this clade. METHODS A total of 42 taxa were sampled, of which 14 were Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx for one nuclear (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) and four plastid markers (psbA-trnH, rpl16, trnL-rpl32 and trnQ-rps16). The relationships were reconstructed based on Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood. Additionally, ancestral area analysis and modelling methods were used to estimate species dispersal, comparing historically climatic stable (refuges) and unstable areas. KEY RESULTS Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences indicate that Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx is paraphyletic and the two clades recovered are characterized by combinations of morphological characters. Phylogenetic relationships support a link between Cerrado and south-eastern species and a difference in the composition of species from north-eastern and south-eastern Atlantic forest. Refugia and stable areas identified within unstable areas suggest that these areas were important to maintain diversity in the Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspot. CONCLUSION This study provides a robust phylogenetic framework to address important historical questions for Eugenia s.l. within an evolutionary context, supporting the need for better taxonomic study of one of the largest genera in the Neotropics. Furthermore, valuable insight is offered into diversification and biome shifts of plant species in the highly environmentally impacted Atlantic forest of South America. Evidence is presented that climate stability in the south-eastern Atlantic forest during the Quaternary contributed to the highest levels of plant diversity in this region that acted as a refugium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Oliveira Bünger
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fiorella Fernanda Mazine
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-campus Sorocaba, João Leme dos Santos, Km 110-SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Marcelo Leandro Bueno
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Renato Stehmann
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eve J Lucas
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
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Manos PS, Meireles JE. Biogeographic analysis of the woody plants of the Southern Appalachians: Implications for the origins of a regional flora. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:780-804. [PMID: 26022491 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We investigated the origins of 252 Southern Appalachian woody species representing 158 clades to analyze larger patterns of biogeographic connectivity around the northern hemisphere. We tested biogeographic hypotheses regarding the timing of species disjunctions to eastern Asia and among areas of North America. METHODS We delimited species into biogeographically informative clades, compiled sister-area data, and generated graphic representations of area connections across clades. We calculated taxon diversity within clades and plotted divergence times. KEY RESULTS Of the total taxon diversity, 45% were distributed among 25 North American endemic clades. Sister taxa within eastern North America and eastern Asia were proportionally equal in frequency, accounting for over 50% of the sister-area connections. At increasing phylogenetic depth, connections to the Old World dominated. Divergence times for 65 clades with intercontinental disjunctions were continuous, whereas 11 intracontinental disjunctions to western North America and nine to eastern Mexico were temporally congruent. CONCLUSIONS Over one third of the clades have likely undergone speciation within the region of eastern North America. The biogeographic pattern for the region is asymmetric, consisting of mostly mixed-aged, low-diversity clades connecting to the Old World, and a minority of New World clades. Divergence time data suggest that climate change in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene generated disjunct patterns within North America. Continuous splitting times during the last 45 million years support the hypothesis that widespread distributions formed repeatedly during favorable periods, with serial cooling trends producing pseudocongruent area disjunctions between eastern North America and eastern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Manos
- Department of Biology, Box 90338 Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338 USA
| | - José Eduardo Meireles
- Department of Biology, Box 90338 Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338 USA
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Meng HH, Jacques FM, Su T, Huang YJ, Zhang ST, Ma HJ, Zhou ZK. New Biogeographic insight into Bauhinia s.l. (Leguminosae): integration from fossil records and molecular analyses. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:181. [PMID: 25288346 PMCID: PMC4360257 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given that most species that have ever existed on earth are extinct, it stands to reason that the evolutionary history can be better understood with fossil taxa. Bauhinia is a typical genus of pantropical intercontinental disjunction among the Asian, African, and American continents. Geographic distribution patterns are better recognized when fossil records and molecular sequences are combined in the analyses. Here, we describe a new macrofossil species of Bauhinia from the Upper Miocene Xiaolongtan Formation in Wenshan County, Southeast Yunnan, China, and elucidate the biogeographic significance through the analyses of molecules and fossils. Results Morphometric analysis demonstrates that the leaf shapes of B. acuminata, B. championii, B. chalcophylla, B. purpurea, and B. podopetala closely resemble the leaf shapes of the new finding fossil. Phylogenetic relationships among the Bauhinia species were reconstructed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, which inferred that species in Bauhinia species are well-resolved into three main groups. Divergence times were estimated by the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method under a relaxed clock, and inferred that the stem diversification time of Bauhinia was ca. 62.7 Ma. The Asian lineage first diverged at ca. 59.8 Ma, followed by divergence of the Africa lineage starting during the late Eocene, whereas that of the neotropical lineage starting during the middle Miocene. Conclusions Hypotheses relying on vicariance or continental history to explain pantropical disjunct distributions are dismissed because they require mostly Palaeogene and older tectonic events. We suggest that Bauhinia originated in the middle Paleocene in Laurasia, probably in Asia, implying a possible Tethys Seaway origin or an “Out of Tropical Asia”, and dispersal of legumes. Its present pantropical disjunction resulted from disruption of the boreotropical flora by climatic cooling after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). North Atlantic land bridges (NALB) seem the most plausible route for migration of Bauhinia from Asia to America; and additional aspects of the Bauhinia species distribution are explained by migration and long distance dispersal (LDD) from Eurasia to the African and American continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Frédéric Mb Jacques
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
| | - Shi-Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Ma
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou, 311203, China.
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China. .,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
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Xie L, Yang ZY, Wen J, Li DZ, Yi TS. Biogeographic history of Pistacia (Anacardiaceae), emphasizing the evolution of the Madrean-Tethyan and the eastern Asian-Tethyan disjunctions. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 77:136-46. [PMID: 24747126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pistacia L. exhibits a disjunct distribution in Mediterranean Eurasia and adjacent North Africa, eastern Asia, and North to Central America. The spatio-temporal diversification history of Pistacia was assessed to test hypotheses on the Madrean-Tethyan and the Eurasian Tethyan disjunctions through phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods were employed to analyze sequences of multiple nuclear and plastid loci of Pistacia species. Bayesian dating analysis was conducted to estimate the divergence times of clades. The likelihood method LAGRANGE was used to infer ancestral areas. The New World species of Pistacia formed a clade sister to the Old World clade in all phylogenetic analyses. The eastern Asian Pistacia weinmannifolia-P. cucphuongensis clade was sister to a clade of the remaining Old World species, which were further resolved into three subclades. Pistacia was estimated to have originated at 37.60 mya (with 95% highest posterior density interval (HPD): 25.42-48.51 mya). A vicariance event in the early Miocene (19.79 mya with 95% HPD: 10.88-30.36 mya) was inferred to account for the intercontinental disjunction between the New World and the Old World species, which is consistent with the Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis. The two Old World eastern Asian-Tethyan disjunctions are best explained by one vicariance event in the early Miocene (15.87 mya with 95% HPD: 8.36-24.36 mya) and one dispersal event in late Miocene (5.89 mya with 95% HPD: 2.68-9.16 mya). The diversification of the Old World Pistacia species was significantly affected by extensive geological and climatic changes in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) and in the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China; College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China
| | - Jun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China; Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China
| | - Ting-Shuang Yi
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China.
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ГОДИН В, ДЕМЬЯНОВА Е. О РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ ГИНОДИЭЦИИ У ЦВЕТКОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s123456781312001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
На основании литературных данных и собственных наблюдений составлен новый список гинодиэцичных растений, включающий в себя 1126 видов из 89 семейств покрытосеменных мировой флоры. Анализируются особенности распространения гинодиэции (женской двудомности) среди цветковых растений. В настоящее время у двудольных растений гинодиэция обнаружена у представителей 77 семейств, 278 родов и 1044 видов, а у однодольных — у 12 семейств, 25 родов и 82 видов. Гинодиэция ассоциируется главным образом с многолетними травами, умеренным климатом, энтомофильным опылением.
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Affiliation(s)
- В.Н. ГОДИН
- Московский педагогический государственный университет
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HUANG XIAOLEI, XIANG-YU JINGGONG, REN SHANSHAN, ZHANG RUILING, ZHANG YAPING, QIAO GEXIA. Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) indicate Late Cretaceous tribal diversification. Zool J Linn Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Liu J, Dumontet V, Simonin AL, Iorga BI, Guerineau V, Litaudon M, Nguyen VH, Gueritte F. Benzofurans from Styrax agrestis as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2081-2088. [PMID: 21939219 DOI: 10.1021/np200308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An extract of Styrax agrestis fruits, collected in Vietnam, significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed three new egonol-type benzofurans: egonol-9(Z),12(Z) linoleate (1), 7-demethoxyegonol-9(Z),12(Z) linoleate (2), and 7-demethoxyegonol oleate (4). Ten known egonol-type benzofurans were also isolated (3, 5, 6-13). In order to better understand structure-activity relationships in this series, egonol derivatives 14-19 were prepared by chemical modifications and evaluated for their inhibition of AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation. Compounds 1-4 were the most potent inhibitors of the series, which exhibited inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50 1.4-3.1 μM) and, for 1, Aβ aggregation (77.6%). Molecular docking studies were also performed to investigate interaction of these compounds with the active site of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Research Center of Medicinal Plants Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuandong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Li J, Rohwer JG, van der Werff H, Wang ZH, Li HW. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Persea group (Lauraceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of tropical and subtropical Amphi-Pacific disjunctions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1520-1536. [PMID: 21860056 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The Persea group (Lauraceae) has a tropical and subtropical amphi-pacific disjunct distribution with most of its members, and it includes two Macaronesian species. The relationships within the group are still controversial, and its intercontinental disjunction has not been investigated with extensive sampling and precise time dating. • METHODS ITS and LEAFY intron II sequences of 78 Persea group species and nine other Lauraceae species were analyzed with maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Divergence time estimation employed Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method under a relaxed clock. • KEY RESULTS Several traditional genera or subgenera within the Persea group form well-supported monophyletic groups except Alseodaphne and Dehaasia. The divergence time of the Persea group is estimated as ∼55.3 (95% higher posterior densities [HPD] 41.4-69.9) million years ago (mya). Two major divergences within the Persea group are estimated as ∼51.9 (95% HPD 38.9-63.9) mya and ∼48.5 (95% HPD 35.9-59.9) mya. • CONCLUSIONS Persea can be retained as a genus by the inclusion of Apollonias barbujana and exclusion a few species that do not fit into the established subgenera. A major revision is recommended for the delimitation between Alseodaphne, Dehaasia, and Nothaphoebe. We suggest that the Persea group originated from the Perseeae-Laureae radiation in early Eocene Laurasia. Its amphi-pacific disjunction results from the disruption of boreotropical flora by climatic cooling during the mid- to late Eocene. The American-Macaronesian disjunction may be explained by the long-distance dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Li
- Laboratory of Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P. R. China
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Susanna A, Galbany-Casals M, Romaschenko K, Barres L, Martín J, Garcia-Jacas N. Lessons from Plectocephalus (Compositae, Cardueae-Centaureinae): ITS disorientation in annuals and Beringian dispersal as revealed by molecular analyses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:263-77. [PMID: 21712295 PMCID: PMC3143048 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The geographic distribution of the genus Plectocephalus comprises a single species in Ethiopia, two in North America and possibly four more in South America, in a striking disjunction that is exceptional for genera of the tribe Cardueae. The enormity of this disjunction cast doubts on the precise taxonomic delineation of the genus, which is not unanimously recognized as a natural entity. The aims of this study were to define the generic boundaries of Plectocephalus and to formulate a hypothesis that would explain its natural range. METHODS A combined molecular approach, using nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and external transcribed spacers (ETS), and plastid trnL-trnL-F, rpl32-trnL(UAG) and ndhF markers, was chosen for phylogenetic reconstruction by maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. KEY RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis shows that Plectocephalus is a natural genus that includes the African species P. varians, together with all the native South American species, currently classified as Centaurea, C. cachinalensis, C. floccosa and C. tweediei. The recognition of Centaurodendron as an independent genus, which we consider appropriate, would make Plectocephalus paraphyletic. Affinities of Plectocephalus should lie with eastern representatives of Centaureinae. Geographic disjunction is explained as a consequence of dispersal via the Bering Land Bridge during the Miocene--Pliocene. The phylogeny of the basal grade of Centaureinae differs from previous phylogenies, and artefacts resulting from differences in mutation rates of annual and perennial taxa are confirmed. Sensitivity of ITS to these differences was the highest observed for all DNA regions used in this study. CONCLUSIONS The natural status of the genus Plectocephalus is confirmed and several nomenclatural combinations are proposed. New evidence contributes to the debate concerning problems posed by the use of ITS in the phylogenetic reconstruction of groups that differ in terms of their life cycles. Dispersal from Caucasus and Anatolia along the Siberian route and then across the Bering Land Bridge follows a route previously proposed for other taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Susanna
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia s/n, E08038 Barcelona, Spain.
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Emadzade K, Gehrke B, Linder HP, Hörandl E. The biogeographical history of the cosmopolitan genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) in the temperate to meridional zones. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 58:4-21. [PMID: 21078403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ranunculus is distributed in all continents and especially species-rich in the meridional and temperate zones. To reconstruct the biogeographical history of the genus, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences has been carried out. Results of biogeographical analyses (DIVA, Lagrange, Mesquite) combined with molecular dating suggest multiple colonizations of all continents and disjunctions between the northern and the southern hemisphere. Dispersals between continents must have occurred via migration over land bridges, or via transoceanic long-distance dispersal, which is also inferred from island endemism. In southern Eurasia, isolation of the western Mediterranean and the Caucasus region during the Messinian was followed by range expansions and speciation in both areas. In the Pliocene and Pleistocene, radiations happened independently in the summer-dry western Mediterranean-Macaronesian and in the eastern Mediterranean-Irano-Turanian regions, with three independent shifts to alpine humid climates in the Alps and in the Himalayas. The cosmopolitan distribution of Ranunculus is caused by transoceanic and intracontinental dispersal, followed by regional adaptive radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Emadzade
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
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Smith SA, Donoghue MJ. Combining historical biogeography with niche modeling in the Caprifolium clade of Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales). Syst Biol 2010; 59:322-41. [PMID: 20525639 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syq011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lonicera clade Caprifolium contains approximately 25 species distributed around the Northern Hemisphere, including in the Mediterranean climates of California and Europe. We sequenced the second intron of LFY to help resolve relationships within the clade where the internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast markers had previously failed to do so. Divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses over the posterior distribution of dated trees suggest that a widespread ancestor was distributed across the Northern Hemisphere some 7-17 million years ago. Asian species form a sister group to a clade in which the European species are sister to the North American species. We use climatic niche modeling and divergence time estimates to explore the evolution of climate variables in the group. Principal component analyses help to identify instances of convergence, especially between distantly related species in the Mediterranean basin and in the chaparral of California. We document several cases of significant divergence between sister species in eastern North America and western North America. Climatic models were projected from one continent into the others (e.g., North American species projected into Asia and Europe) to examine whether species living in these areas occupy similar climates. This study demonstrates the utility of combining niche modeling with historical biogeographic analyses and documents significant climatic niche evolution within a group of species distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. These results suggest a possible model for the origin of the Madrean-Tethyan disjunction pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Wang XY, Yu S, Liu M, Yang QS, Chen XY. Twenty-three microsatellite loci for Styrax confusus and Styrax japonicus (Styracaceae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-009-9159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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del Hoyo A, García-Marín JL, Pedrola-Monfort J. Temporal and spatial diversification of the African disjunct genus Androcymbium (Colchicaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 53:848-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a neotropical plant diversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20359-64. [PMID: 19918050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903410106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative importance of local ecological and larger-scale historical processes in causing differences in species richness across the globe remains keenly debated. To gain insight into these questions, we investigated the assembly of plant diversity in the Cerrado in South America, the world's most species-rich tropical savanna. Time-calibrated phylogenies suggest that Cerrado lineages started to diversify less than 10 Mya, with most lineages diversifying at 4 Mya or less, coinciding with the rise to dominance of flammable C4 grasses and expansion of the savanna biome worldwide. These plant phylogenies show that Cerrado lineages are strongly associated with adaptations to fire and have sister groups in largely fire-free nearby wet forest, seasonally dry forest, subtropical grassland, or wetland vegetation. These findings imply that the Cerrado formed in situ via recent and frequent adaptive shifts to resist fire, rather than via dispersal of lineages already adapted to fire. The location of the Cerrado surrounded by a diverse array of species-rich biomes, and the apparently modest adaptive barrier posed by fire, are likely to have contributed to its striking species richness. These findings add to growing evidence that the origins and historical assembly of species-rich biomes have been idiosyncratic, driven in large part by unique features of regional- and continental-scale geohistory and that different historical processes can lead to similar levels of modern species richness.
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Martín-Bravo S, Vargas P, Luceño M. Is Oligomeris (Resedaceae) indigenous to North America? Molecular evidence for a natural colonization from the Old World. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2009; 96:507-518. [PMID: 21628206 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeris linifolia constitutes one of the few examples of intercontinental disjunctions at the species level between the arid regions of the Old World and SW North America. The status of the American populations has been obscure, with some authors considering the populations to be introduced, whereas others believe them to be native. To clarify these conflicting opinions, we performed phylogeographic analyses using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnL-F and rps16 sequences to infer the origin of the disjunct American populations. Two independent molecular clock approaches based on ITS and cpDNA sequences (rbcL, matK, trnL-F) were used to estimate a divergence time of O. linifolia. Low levels of sequence divergence and estimates of relatively recent splits of Oligomeris lineages disagree with the vicariance hypotheses traditionally suggested to account for New-Old World disjunctions. In addition, significant genetic differentiation of American populations does not indicate a recent anthropogenic introduction. Morphological uniformity and the sharing of haplotypes between disjunct populations, together with the molecular clock results, suggest that a long-distance dispersal event from the Old Word to SW North America may have taken place during the Quaternary, in spite of limited dispersal mechanisms in Oligomeris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Martín-Bravo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, ctra. de Utrera km 1 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Reticulate evolution in Thuja inferred from multiple gene sequences: Implications for the study of biogeographical disjunction between eastern Asia and North America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 47:1190-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xiang Q(J, Manchester SR, Thomas DT, Zhang W, Fan C. PHYLOGENY, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND MOLECULAR DATING OF CORNELIAN CHERRIES (CORNUS,CORNACEAE): TRACKING TERTIARY PLANT MIGRATION. Evolution 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu‐Yun (Jenny) Xiang
- Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7612
| | | | - David T. Thomas
- Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7612
| | - Wenheng Zhang
- Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7612
| | - Chuanzhu Fan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Wu Z, Sun H, Zhou Z, Peng H, Li D. Origin and differentiation of endemism in the flora of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-007-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Tayoub G, Schwob I, Masotti V, Rabier J, Ruzzier M, Viano J. Contribution de la microscopie électronique à balayage et photonique à la connaissance de l'anatomie et de la morphologie de Styrax officinalis L. C R Biol 2006; 329:712-8. [PMID: 16945837 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to precise anatomical and morphological features of the species Styrax officinalis with the help of current microscopic techniques, those features being of interest as valuable taxonomic characters. Typical hairy structures were observed on all surfaces of the aerial organs and their location, density and size were specified. Moreover, we demonstrated the occurrence of secretory glands in the leaf blades. These structures were revealed for the first time for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Tayoub
- ER Biodiversité et Environnement, Laboratoire Dynamique et Ressources du Végétal, Université de Provence, case 17, 3, place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
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Tayoub G, Schwob I, Bessière JM, Rabier J, Masotti V, Mévy JP, Ruzzier M, Girard G, Viano J. Essential oil composition of leaf, flower and stem of Styrax (Styrax officinalis L.) from south-eastern France. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhou Z, Yang X, Yang Q. Land bridge and long-distance dispersal—Old views, new evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-1030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nie ZL, Wen J, Sun H, Bartholomew B. Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2005; 92:642-652. [PMID: 21652442 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.4.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kelloggia Torrey ex Bentham (Rubiaceae) consists of two species disjunctly distributed in western North America (K. galioides Torrey) and the western part of eastern Asia (K. chinensis Franch.). The two species exhibit a high level of morphological divergence. To test its monophyly and to infer its biogeographic history, we estimated the phylogeny of Kelloggia and its relatives from sequences of three chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL gene, atpB-rbcL spacer, and rps16 intron). The monophyly of Kelloggia was strongly supported, and it forms a sister relationship with the tribe Rubieae. The divergence time between the two disjunct species of Kelloggia was estimated to be 5.42 ± 2.32 million years ago (mya) using the penalized likelihood method based on rbcL sequence data with fossil calibration. Our result does not support the Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis, which assumes an earlier divergence time of 20-25 mya. Ancestral area analysis, as well as dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis, suggests the Asian origin of Kelloggia and the importance of Eurasia in the diversification of its close relatives in the Rubieae-Theligoneae-Paederieae group. The intercontinental disjunction in Kelloggia is suggested to have evolved via long-distance dispersal from Asia into western North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Nie
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People's Republic of China
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Xiang QYJ, Zhang WH, Ricklefs RE, Qian H, Chen ZD, Wen J, Hua JL. Regional differences in rates of plant speciation and molecular evolution: a comparison between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Evolution 2005; 58:2175-84. [PMID: 15568220 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The eastern Asian (EAS)-eastern North American (ENA) floristic disjunction is one of the best-known biogeographic patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. Recent paleontological and molecular analyses have illuminated the origins of the biogeographic pattern, but subsequent diversification and evolution of the disjunct floras in each of the two continents after isolation remains poorly understood. Although similar in climate and floristic composition, EAS has twice as many species as ENA in genera occurring in both regions. Explaining such differences in species diversity between regions with similar environmental conditions (diversity anomalies) is an important goal of the study of the global patterns of biodiversity. We used a phylogenetic approach to compare rates of net speciation and molecular evolution between the two regions. We first identified EAS-ENA disjunct sister clades from ten genera (Asarum, Buckleya, Carpinus, Carya, Cornus, Hamamelis, Illicium, Panax, Stewartia, and Styrax) that represent diverse angiosperm lineages using phylogenetic analyses of ITS (internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA) sequence data. Species richness and substitution rate of ITS between sister clades were compared. The results revealed a pattern of greater species diversity in the EAS counterparts. A positive relationship between species diversity and ITS substitution rate was also documented. These results suggest greater net speciation and accelerated molecular evolution in EAS. The data support the idea that a regional difference in net speciation rate related to topographic heterogeneity contributes to the diversity anomaly between EAS and ENA. The close relationship between rates of ITS evolution and species richness further suggests that species production may be directly linked to rate of nucleotide substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun Jenny Xiang
- Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7612, USA.
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Xiang QY(J, Manchester SR, Thomas DT, Zhang W, Fan C. PHYLOGENY, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND MOLECULAR DATING OF CORNELIAN CHERRIES (CORNUS, CORNACEAE): TRACKING TERTIARY PLANT MIGRATION. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1554/03-763.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pennington RT, Dick CW. The role of immigrants in the assembly of the South American rainforest tree flora. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:1611-22. [PMID: 15519976 PMCID: PMC1693441 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon lowland rainforest flora is conventionally viewed as comprising lineages that evolved in biogeographic isolation after the split of west Gondwana (ca. 100 Myr ago). Recent molecular phylogenies, however, identify immigrant lineages that arrived in South America during its period of oceanic isolation (ca. 100-3 Myr ago). Long-distance sweepstakes dispersal across oceans played an important and possibly predominant role. Stepping-stone migration from Africa and North America through hypothesized Late Cretaceous and Tertiary island chains may have facilitated immigration. An analysis of inventory plot data suggests that immigrant lineages comprise ca. 20% of both the species and individuals of an Amazon tree community in Ecuador. This is more than an order of magnitude higher than previous estimates. We also present data on the community-level similarity between South American and palaeotropical rainforests, and suggest that most taxonomic similarity derives from trans-oceanic dispersal, rather than a shared Gondwanan history.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.
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Donoghue MJ, Smith SA. Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:1633-44. [PMID: 15519978 PMCID: PMC1693435 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of Northern Hemisphere biogeography have highlighted potentially significant differences between disjunction patterns in plants versus animals. To assess such differences, we compiled a larger sample of relevant plant phylogenies from which disjunction patterns, ancestral areas and directions of movement could be inferred. We considered 66 plant clades with species variously endemic today to eastern Asia (EA), Europe (including southwestern Asia), eastern North America (ENA), and/or western North America (WNA). Within these clades we focused on 100 disjunctions among these major areas, for 33 of which absolute divergence times have also been inferred. Our analyses uphold the view that disjunctions between EA and ENA are exceptionally common in plants, apparently more so than in animals. Compared with animals, we find few disjunctions between EA and WNA, consistent with increased extinction in WNA or failure of some groups to colonize that region. Taken at face value, our data also support the view that many temperate forest plant groups originated and diversified within EA, followed by movement out of Asia at different times, but mostly during the last 30 Myr. This favours Beringia over a North Atlantic land bridge as the primary path between the Old World and the New World. Additional studies are needed, especially to evaluate the impacts of differential extinction on these patterns, to more confidently establish divergence times, and to assess the statistical significance of these findings. Fortunately, many more plant groups show relevant disjunction patterns and could soon be added to such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Richardson JE, Chatrou LW, Mols JB, Erkens RHJ, Pirie MD. Historical biogeography of two cosmopolitan families of flowering plants: Annonaceae and Rhamnaceae. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:1495-508. [PMID: 15519968 PMCID: PMC1693429 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Annonaceae are a pantropically distributed family found predominantly in rainforests, so they are megathermal taxa, whereas Rhamnaceae are a cosmopolitan family that tend to be found in xeric regions and may be classified as mesothermal. Phylogenetic analyses of these families are presented based on rbcL and trnL-F plastid DNA sequences. Likelihood ratio tests revealed rate heterogeneity in both phylogenetic trees and they were therefore made ultrametric using non-parametric rate smoothing and penalized likelihood. Divergence times were then estimated using fossil calibration points. The historical biogeography of these families that are species rich in different biomes is discussed and compared with other published reconstructions. Rhamnaceae and most lineages within Annonaceae are too young to have had their distribution patterns influenced by break-up of previously connected Gondwanan landmasses. Contrasts in the degree of geographical structure between these two families may be explained by differences in age and dispersal capability. In both groups, long-distance dispersal appears to have played a more significant role in establishing modern patterns than had previously been assumed. Both families also contain examples of recent diversification of species-rich lineages. An understanding of the processes responsible for shaping the distribution patterns of these families has contributed to our understanding of the historical assembly of the biomes that they occupy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Richardson
- Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen Universiteit Branch, Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Fritsch PW, Shi S, Almeda F, Cruz BC, Kelly LM. Phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2004; 91:1901-1914. [PMID: 21652336 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Symplocos comprises ∼300 species of woody flowering plants with a disjunct distribution between the warm-temperate to tropical regions of eastern Asia and the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses of 111 species of Symplocos based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the chloroplast genes rpl16, matK, and trnL-trnF yielded topologies in which only one of the four traditionally recognized subgenera (Epigenia; Neotropics) is monophyletic. Section Cordyloblaste (subgenus Symplocos; eastern Asia) is monophyletic and sister to a group comprising all other samples of Symplocos. Section Palura (subgenus Hopea; eastern Asia) is sister to a group comprising all other samples of Symplocos except those of section Cordyloblaste. Symplocos wikstroemiifolia (eastern Asia) and S. tinctoria (southeastern United States), both of subgenus Hopea, form a clade that groups with S. longipes (tropical North America) and the species of subgenus Epigenia. The remaining samples of subgenus Hopea (eastern Asia) form a clade. Section Neosymplocos (subgenus Microsymplocos; Neotropics) is well nested within a clade otherwise comprising the samples of section Symplocastrum (subgenus Symplocos; Neotropics). Section Urbaniocharis (subgenus Microsymplocos; Antilles) groups as sister to the clade comprising Symplocastrum and Neosymplocos. The data support the independent evolution of deciduousness among section Palura and S. tinctoria. The early initial divergence of sections Cordyloblaste and Palura from the main group warrants their recognition at taxonomic levels higher than those at which they are currently placed. An inferred eastern Asian origin for Symplocos with subsequent dispersal to the Americas is consistent with patterns from other phylogenetic studies of eastern Asian-American disjunct plant groups but contrary to a North American origin inferred from the earliest fossil occurrences of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Xiang QY(J, Zhang WH, Ricklefs RE, Qian H, Chen ZD, Wen J, Li JH. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF PLANT SPECIATION AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN EASTERN ASIA AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. Evolution 2004. [DOI: 10.1554/03-712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shaw AJ, Werner O, Ros RM. Intercontinental Mediterranean disjunct mosses: morphological and molecular patterns. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2003; 90:540-550. [PMID: 21659147 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.4.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on three species that occur disjunctly between western North America and the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, forming the so-called Madrean-Tethyan distribution pattern. Quantitative morphological characters were measured in New and Old World plants to find any subtle phenotypic differentiation between the disjunct populations. Sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region were obtained from the same populations to assess differentiation at the molecular level and to compare molecular diversity with patterns of morphological similarity among plants. Little or no morphological differentiation existed between New and Old World plants in any of the species, but internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences revealed some phylogeographic structure. Patterns of morphological similarity in all three species were incongruent with phylogeographic structure revealed by sequence data. New World populations were more variable than Old World populations at the molecular level in the three species. Despite some evidence for differentiation between disjunct plants, no plausible mutation rate would date the divergence at ≥20 million years ago (MYA), as implied by the Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis. Recent long-distance dispersal is a more likely explanation for intercontinental disjunctions in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jonathan Shaw
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
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Davis CC, Bell CD, Fritsch PW, Mathews S. Phylogeny of Acridocarpus-Brachylophon (Malpighiaceae): implications for tertiary tropical floras and Afroasian biogeography. Evolution 2002; 56:2395-405. [PMID: 12583580 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major tenet of African Tertiary biogeography posits that lowland rainforest dominated much of Africa in the late Cretaceous and was replaced by xeric vegetation as a response to continental uplift and consequent widespread aridification beginning in the late Paleogene. The aridification of Africa is thought to have been a major factor in the extinction of many African humid-tropical lineages, and in the present-day disparity of species diversity between Africa and other tropical regions. This primarily geologically based model can be tested with independent phylogenetic evidence from widespread African plant groups containing both humid- and xeric-adapted species. We estimated the phylogeny and lineage divergence times within one such angiosperm group, the acridocarpoid clade (Malpighiaceae), with combined ITS, ndhF, and trnL-F data from 15 species that encompass the range of morphological and geographic variation within the group. Dispersal-vicariance analysis and divergence-time estimates suggest that the basal acridocarpoid divergence occurred between African and Southeast Asian lineages approximately 50 million years ago (mya), perhaps after a southward ancestral retreat from high-latitude tropical forests in response to intermittent Eocene cooling. Dispersion of Aeridocarpus from Africa to Madagascar is inferred between approximately 50 and 35 mya, when lowland humid tropical forest was nearly continuous between these landmasses. A single dispersal event within Acridocarpus is inferred from western Africa to eastern Africa between approximately 23 and 17 mya, coincident with the widespread replacement of humid forests by savannas in eastern Africa. Although the spread of xeric environments resulted in the extinction of many African plant groups, our data suggest that for others it provided an opportunity for further diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Herbarium, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2287, USA.
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Davis CC, Bell CD, Fritsch PW, Mathews S. PHYLOGENY OF ACRIDOCARPUS-BRACHYLOPHON (MALPIGHIACEAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR TERTIARY TROPICAL FLORAS AND AFROASIAN BIOGEOGRAPHY. Evolution 2002. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2395:poabmi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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