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Kunnath AJ, Gifford RH, Wallace MT. Cholinergic modulation of sensory perception and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105323. [PMID: 37467908 PMCID: PMC10424559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Sensory systems are highly plastic, but the mechanisms of sensory plasticity remain unclear. People with vision or hearing loss demonstrate significant neural network reorganization that promotes adaptive changes in other sensory modalities as well as in their ability to combine information across the different senses (i.e., multisensory integration. Furthermore, sensory network remodeling is necessary for sensory restoration after a period of sensory deprivation. Acetylcholine is a powerful regulator of sensory plasticity, and studies suggest that cholinergic medications may improve visual and auditory abilities by facilitating sensory network plasticity. There are currently no approved therapeutics for sensory loss that target neuroplasticity. This review explores the systems-level effects of cholinergic signaling on human visual and auditory perception, with a focus on functional performance, sensory disorders, and neural activity. Understanding the role of acetylcholine in sensory plasticity will be essential for developing targeted treatments for sensory restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley J Kunnath
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - René H Gifford
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Saini F, Masina F, Wells J, Rosch R, Hamburg S, Startin C, Strydom A. The mismatch negativity as an index of cognitive abilities in adults with Down syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9639-9651. [PMID: 37401006 PMCID: PMC10431748 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an ultra-high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding variability in pre-AD cognitive abilities may help understand cognitive decline in this population. The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component reflecting the detection of deviant stimuli that is thought to represent underlying memory processes, with reduced MMN amplitudes being associated with cognitive decline. To further understand the MMN in adults with DS without AD, we explored the relationships between MMN, age, and cognitive abilities (memory, language, and attention) in 27 individuals (aged 17-51) using a passive auditory oddball task. Statistically significant MMN was present only in 18 individuals up to 41 years of age and the latency were longer than canonical parameters reported in the literature. Reduced MMN amplitude was associated with lower memory scores, while longer MMN latencies were associated with poorer memory, verbal abilities, and attention. Therefore, the MMN may represent a valuable index of cognitive abilities in DS. In combination with previous findings, we hypothesize that while MMN response and amplitude may be associated with AD-related memory loss, MMN latency may be associated with speech signal processing. Future studies may explore the potential impact of AD on MMN in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedal Saini
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Fabio Masina
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Via Alberoni, 70, 30126 Lido VE, Italy
| | - Jasmine Wells
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Richard Rosch
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Golden Jubilee, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Sarah Hamburg
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Ct Rd, London W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Carla Startin
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Ct Rd, London W1T 7BN, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, Grove House, Roehampton Lane, London, SW15 5PJ, UK
| | - André Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Ct Rd, London W1T 7BN, UK
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3
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Avancini C, Jennings S, Chennu S, Noreika V, Le A, Bekinschtein TA, Walpert MJ, Clare ICH, Holland AJ, Zaman SH, Ring H. Exploring electrophysiological markers of auditory predictive processes and pathological ageing in adults with Down's syndrome. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5615-5636. [PMID: 35799324 PMCID: PMC9796678 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Down's syndrome is associated with pathological ageing and a propensity for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The early symptoms of dementia in people with Down's syndrome may reflect frontal lobe vulnerability to amyloid deposition. Auditory predictive processes rely on the bilateral auditory cortices with the recruitment of frontal cortices and appear to be impaired in pathologies characterized by compromised frontal lobe. Hence, auditory predictive processes were investigated to assess Down's syndrome pathology and its relationship with pathological ageing. An auditory electroencephalography (EEG) global-local paradigm was presented to the participants, in which oddball stimuli could either violate local or higher level global rules. We characterised predictive processes in individuals with Down's syndrome and their relationship with pathological ageing, with a focus on the EEG event-related potential called Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and the P300. In Down's syndrome, we also evaluated the EEG components as predictor of cognitive decline 1 year later. We found that predictive processes of detection of auditory violations are overall preserved in Down's syndrome but also that the amplitude of the MMN to local deviancies decreases with age. However, the 1-year follow-up of Down's syndrome found that none of the ERPs measures predicted subsequent cognitive decline. The present study provides a novel characterization of electrophysiological markers of local and global predictive processes in Down's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Avancini
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sally Jennings
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cambridge CognitionCambridgeUK
| | | | - Valdas Noreika
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - April Le
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Madeleine J. Walpert
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Isabel C. H. Clare
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Anthony J. Holland
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Shahid H. Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Howard Ring
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
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4
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Pérez-González D, Schreiner TG, Llano DA, Malmierca MS. Alzheimer's Disease, Hearing Loss, and Deviance Detection. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:879480. [PMID: 35720686 PMCID: PMC9201340 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.879480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss is a widespread condition among the elderly, affecting communication and social participation. Given its high incidence, it is not unusual that individuals suffering from age-related hearing loss also suffer from other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, a scenario which severely impacts their quality of life. Furthermore, recent studies have identified hearing loss as a relevant risk factor for the development of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, although the underlying associations are still unclear. In order to cope with the continuous flow of auditory information, the brain needs to separate repetitive sounds from rare, unexpected sounds, which may be relevant. This process, known as deviance detection, is a key component of the sensory perception theory of predictive coding. According to this framework, the brain would use the available incoming information to make predictions about the environment and signal the unexpected stimuli that break those predictions. Such a system can be easily impaired by the distortion of auditory information processing that accompanies hearing loss. Changes in cholinergic neuromodulation have been found to alter auditory deviance detection both in humans and animal models. Interestingly, some theories propose a role for acetylcholine in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia. Acetylcholine is involved in multiple neurobiological processes such as attention, learning, memory, arousal, sleep and/or cognitive reinforcement, and has direct influence on the auditory system at the levels of the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex. Here we comment on the possible links between acetylcholine, hearing loss, and Alzheimer’s disease, and association that is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Thomas G Schreiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Iaşi, Romania.,Department of Neurology, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Effects of thymoquinone on scopolamine-induced spatial and echoic memory changes through regulation of lipid peroxidation and cholinergic impairment. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113972. [PMID: 35718231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TMQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, shows very useful biomedical properties. Evidence suggests that cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress play role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated the anti-amnestic effect of TMQ in scopolamine-induced animal model of AD. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham(SH), TMQ-treated(TMQ), scopolamine-treated(SCO) and scopolamine+TMQ-treated(SCO_TMQ) groups. TMQ (20 mg/kg) prepared in corn oil was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1-h before experiments. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). We recorded mismatch negativity (MMN) response as an electrophysiological correlate of echoic memory. Object location memory (OLM) and Y-maze alternation tests were carried out to assess spatial memory. Then, the brain homogenates content of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substances (TBARS), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and acetylcholine (ACh)/acetylcholine (AChE) activity were biochemically determined. In the scopolamine-treated rats, TMQ was found to significantly improve the discrimination and spontaneous alteration levels in the OLM and Y-maze tests, respectively. Furthermore, TMQ significantly mitigated the scopolamine-induced attenuation of MMN and related theta responses. Moreover, scopolamine treatment increased TBARS/4-HNE level and decreased ACh level in the brain, and TMQ was able to significantly prevent these effects. AChE activity was increased in the SCO group; this effect was significantly attenuated by TMQ. TMQ diminished the lipid peroxidation and cholinergic dysfunction in the scopolamine-induced AD rat model which all reflected in improving the MMN/theta response and spatial memory. This may implement TMQ as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in ameliorating AD.
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Weber LA, Tomiello S, Schöbi D, Wellstein KV, Mueller D, Iglesias S, Stephan KE. Auditory mismatch responses are differentially sensitive to changes in muscarinic acetylcholine versus dopamine receptor function. eLife 2022; 11:74835. [PMID: 35502897 PMCID: PMC9098218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been proposed as a biomarker of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in schizophrenia. Such dysfunction may be caused by aberrant interactions of different neuromodulators with NMDARs, which could explain clinical heterogeneity among patients. In two studies (N = 81 each), we used a double-blind placebo-controlled between-subject design to systematically test whether auditory mismatch responses under varying levels of environmental stability are sensitive to diminishing and enhancing cholinergic vs. dopaminergic function. We found a significant drug × mismatch interaction: while the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist biperiden delayed and topographically shifted mismatch responses, particularly during high stability, this effect could not be detected for amisulpride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist. Neither galantamine nor levodopa, which elevate acetylcholine and dopamine levels, respectively, exerted significant effects on MMN. This differential MMN sensitivity to muscarinic versus dopaminergic receptor function may prove useful for developing tests that predict individual treatment responses in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Aline Weber
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Tomiello
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Schöbi
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina V Wellstein
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Iglesias
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas Enno Stephan
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Kwok SS, Nguyen XMT, Wu DD, Mudar RA, Llano DA. Pure Tone Audiometry and Hearing Loss in Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:788045. [PMID: 35153910 PMCID: PMC8833234 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has been widely reported. However, the nature of this relationship remains poorly understood. Quantification of hearing loss as it relates to AD is imperative for the creation of reliable, hearing-related biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and development of ARHL treatments that may slow the progression of AD. Previous studies that have measured the association between peripheral hearing function and AD have yielded mixed results. Most of these studies have been small and underpowered to reveal an association. Therefore, in the current report, we sought to estimate the degree to which AD patients have impaired hearing by performing a meta-analysis to increase statistical power. We reviewed 248 published studies that quantified peripheral hearing function using pure-tone audiometry for subjects with AD. Six studies, with a combined total of 171 subjects with AD compared to 222 age-matched controls, met inclusion criteria. We found a statistically significant increase in hearing threshold as measured by pure tone audiometry for subjects with AD compared to controls. For a three-frequency pure tone average calculated for air conduction thresholds at 500-1,000-2,000 Hz (0.5-2 kHz PTA), an increase of 2.3 decibel hearing level (dB HL) was found in subjects with AD compared to controls (p = 0.001). Likewise, for a four-frequency pure tone average calculated at 500-1,000-2,000-4,000 (0.5-4 kHz PTA), an increase of 4.5 dB HL was measured (p = 0.002), and this increase was significantly greater than that seen for 0.5-2 kHz PTA. There was no difference in the average age of the control and AD subjects. These data confirm the presence of poorer hearing ability in AD subjects, provided a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of hearing loss, and suggest that the magnitude of the effect is greater at higher sound frequencies. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021288280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S. Kwok
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xuan-Mai T. Nguyen
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Diana D. Wu
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Raksha A. Mudar
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
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Stuke H. Markers of muscarinic deficit for individualized treatment in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1100030. [PMID: 36699495 PMCID: PMC9868756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have shown that agonists at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors effectively reduce schizophrenia symptoms. It is thus conceivable that, for the first time, a second substance class of procholinergic antipsychotics could become established alongside the usual antidopaminergic antipsychotics. In addition, various basic science studies suggest that there may be a subgroup of schizophrenia in which hypofunction of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is of etiological importance. This could represent a major opportunity for individualized treatment of schizophrenia if markers can be identified that predict response to procholinergic vs. antidopaminergic interventions. In this perspective, non-response to antidopaminergic antipsychotics, specific symptom patterns like visual hallucinations and strong disorganization, the presence of antimuscarinic antibodies, ERP markers such as mismatch negativity, and radiotracers are presented as possible in vivo markers of muscarinic deficit and thus potentially of response to procholinergic therapeutics. Finally, open questions and further research steps are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Stuke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Abur D, Subaciute A, Daliri A, Lester-Smith RA, Lupiani AA, Cilento D, Enos NM, Weerathunge HR, Tardif MC, Stepp CE. Feedback and Feedforward Auditory-Motor Processes for Voice and Articulation in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:4682-4694. [PMID: 34731577 PMCID: PMC9150666 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unexpected and sustained manipulations of auditory feedback during speech production result in "reflexive" and "adaptive" responses, which can shed light on feedback and feedforward auditory-motor control processes, respectively. Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) have shown aberrant reflexive and adaptive responses, but responses appear to differ for control of vocal and articulatory features. However, these responses have not been examined for both voice and articulation in the same speakers and with respect to auditory acuity and functional speech outcomes (speech intelligibility and naturalness). METHOD Here, 28 PwPD on their typical dopaminergic medication schedule and 28 age-, sex-, and hearing-matched controls completed tasks yielding reflexive and adaptive responses as well as auditory acuity for both vocal and articulatory features. RESULTS No group differences were found for any measures of auditory-motor control, conflicting with prior findings in PwPD while off medication. Auditory-motor measures were also compared with listener ratings of speech function: first formant frequency acuity was related to speech intelligibility, whereas adaptive responses to vocal fundamental frequency manipulations were related to speech naturalness. CONCLUSIONS These results support that auditory-motor processes for both voice and articulatory features are intact for PwPD receiving medication. This work is also the first to suggest associations between measures of auditory-motor control and speech intelligibility and naturalness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Abur
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | | | - Ayoub Daliri
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Rosemary A. Lester-Smith
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Ashling A. Lupiani
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Dante Cilento
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | - Nicole M. Enos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA
| | | | - Monique C. Tardif
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cara E. Stepp
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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Kocagoncu E, Klimovich-Gray A, Hughes LE, Rowe JB. Evidence and implications of abnormal predictive coding in dementia. Brain 2021; 144:3311-3321. [PMID: 34240109 PMCID: PMC8677549 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of cognitive deficits and neuropathological processes associated with dementias has encouraged divergence in pathophysiological explanations of disease. Here, we review an alternative framework that emphasizes convergent critical features of cognitive pathophysiology. Rather than the loss of ‘memory centres’ or ‘language centres’, or singular neurotransmitter systems, cognitive deficits are interpreted in terms of aberrant predictive coding in hierarchical neural networks. This builds on advances in normative accounts of brain function, specifically the Bayesian integration of beliefs and sensory evidence in which hierarchical predictions and prediction errors underlie memory, perception, speech and behaviour. We describe how analogous impairments in predictive coding in parallel neurocognitive systems can generate diverse clinical phenomena, including the characteristics of dementias. The review presents evidence from behavioural and neurophysiological studies of perception, language, memory and decision-making. The reformulation of cognitive deficits in terms of predictive coding has several advantages. It brings diverse clinical phenomena into a common framework; it aligns cognitive and movement disorders; and it makes specific predictions on cognitive physiology that support translational and experimental medicine studies. The insights into complex human cognitive disorders from the predictive coding framework may therefore also inform future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Kocagoncu
- Cambridge Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura E Hughes
- Cambridge Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Cambridge Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Stothart G, Smith LJ, Milton A. A rapid, neural measure of implicit recognition memory using fast periodic visual stimulation. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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12
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Carbajal GV, Malmierca MS. The Neuronal Basis of Predictive Coding Along the Auditory Pathway: From the Subcortical Roots to Cortical Deviance Detection. Trends Hear 2019; 22:2331216518784822. [PMID: 30022729 PMCID: PMC6053868 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518784822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we attempt to integrate the empirical evidence regarding stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) and mismatch negativity (MMN) under a predictive coding perspective (also known as Bayesian or hierarchical-inference model). We propose a renewed methodology for SSA study, which enables a further decomposition of deviance detection into repetition suppression and prediction error, thanks to the use of two controls previously introduced in MMN research: the many-standards and the cascade sequences. Focusing on data obtained with cellular recordings, we explain how deviance detection and prediction error are generated throughout hierarchical levels of processing, following two vectors of increasing computational complexity and abstraction along the auditory neuraxis: from subcortical toward cortical stations and from lemniscal toward nonlemniscal divisions. Then, we delve into the particular characteristics and contributions of subcortical and cortical structures to this generative mechanism of hierarchical inference, analyzing what is known about the role of neuromodulation and local microcircuitry in the emergence of mismatch signals. Finally, we describe how SSA and MMN are occurring at similar time frame and cortical locations, and both are affected by the manipulation of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptors. We conclude that there is enough empirical evidence to consider SSA and MMN, respectively, as the microscopic and macroscopic manifestations of the same physiological mechanism of deviance detection in the auditory cortex. Hence, the development of a common theoretical framework for SSA and MMN is all the more recommendable for future studies. In this regard, we suggest a shared nomenclature based on the predictive coding interpretation of deviance detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo V Carbajal
- 1 Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,2 Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research, Spain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- 1 Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,2 Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research, Spain.,3 Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
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13
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Electrophysiological assessment methodology of sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:70-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Heckman P, Blokland A, Sambeth A. No interaction between rivastigmine and citalopram on memory and novelty processing in healthy human volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:210-218. [PMID: 30226087 PMCID: PMC6381448 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118796816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal literature suggests an interaction between acetylcholine and serotonin on cognitive functions. AIMS The aim of the current study was to assess whether both neurotransmitters interact during memory and novelty processing in humans. METHODS We tested the interaction between acetylcholine and serotonin on cognitive functions in healthy volunteers by means of treatment with rivastigmine and citalopram, respectively. RESULTS The main result of the study showed that during the verbal learning task participants significantly recalled fewer words after citalopram treatment than after rivastigmine or placebo during both the immediate and delayed recall tasks. Rivastigmine was not able to reverse the impairing effect of citalopram. CONCLUSIONS This finding is in line with previous studies in which we manipulated acetylcholine and serotonin in different manners. Taken together, these studies in humans do not support the notion from animal studies that these two neurotransmitters interact on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pra Heckman
- 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - A Blokland
- 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - A Sambeth
- 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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15
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Kantar Gok D, Hidisoglu E, Ocak GA, Er H, Acun AD, Yargıcoglu P. Protective role of rosmarinic acid on amyloid beta 42-induced echoic memory decline: Implication of oxidative stress and cholinergic impairment. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:1-13. [PMID: 29655652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether rosmarinic acid (RA) reverses amyloid β (Aβ) induced reductions in antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, cholinergic damage as well as the central auditory deficits. For this purpose, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham(S), Sham + RA (SR), Aβ42 peptide (Aβ) and Aβ42 peptide + RA (AβR) groups. Rat model of Alzheimer was established by bilateral injection of Aβ42 peptide (2,2 nmol/10 μl) into the lateral ventricles. RA (50 mg/kg, daily) was administered orally by gavage for 14 days after intracerebroventricular injection. At the end of the experimental period, we recorded the auditory event related potentials (AERPs) and mismatch negativity (MMN) response to assess auditory functions followed by histological and biochemical analysis. Aβ42 injection led to a significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) but decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) and glutathione levels. Moreover, Aβ42 injection resulted in a reduction in the acetylcholine content and acetylcholine esterase activity. RA treatment prevented the observed alterations in the AβR group. Furthermore, RA attenuated the increased Aβ staining and astrocyte activation. We also found that Aβ42 injection decreased the MMN response and theta power/coherence of AERPs, suggesting an impairing effect on auditory discrimination and echoic memory processes. RA treatment reversed the Aβ42 related alterations in AERP parameters. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that RA prevented Aβ-induced antioxidant-oxidant imbalance and cholinergic damage, which may contribute to the improvement of neural network dynamics of auditory processes in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kantar Gok
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Guzide Ayse Ocak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alev Duygu Acun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargıcoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
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16
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Javitt DC, Lee M, Kantrowitz JT, Martinez A. Mismatch negativity as a biomarker of theta band oscillatory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:51-60. [PMID: 28666633 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is among the best established biomarkers of cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. MMN generators are localized primarily to primary and secondary auditory regions, and are known to reflect activity mediated by cortical N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR). Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying MMN generation at the local circuit level remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes recent advances in circuit-level conceptualization of MMN based upon neuro-oscillatory findings. In the neuro-oscillatory (aka event-related spectral perturbation, ERSP) approach, responses to sensory stimuli are decomposed into underlying frequency bands prior to analysis. MMN reflects activity primarily in theta (4-7Hz) frequency band, which is thought to depend primarily upon interplay between cortical pyramidal neurons and somatostatin (SST)-type local circuit GABAergic interneurons. Schizophrenia-related deficits in theta generation are also observed not only in MMN, but also in other auditory and visual contexts. At the local circuit level, SST interneurons are known to maintain tonic inhibition over cortical pyramidal interneurons. SST interneurons, in turn, are inhibited by a class of interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In rodents, SST interneurons have been shown to respond differentially to deviant vs. standard stimuli, and inhibition of SST interneurons has been found to selectively inhibit deviance-related activity in rodent visual cortex. Here we propose that deficits in theta frequency generation, as exemplified by MMN, may contribute significantly to cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia, and may be tied to impaired interplay between cortical pyramidal neurons and local circuit SST-type GABAergic interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States.
| | - Migyung Lee
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
| | - Joshua T Kantrowitz
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
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17
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Dürschmid S, Reichert C, Kuhn J, Freund HJ, Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert attenuates early EEG components associated with defective sensory gating in patients with Alzheimer disease - a two-case study. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 51:1201-1209. [PMID: 29055119 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with deterioration of memory and cognitive function and a degeneration of neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). The NBM is the major input source of acetylcholine (ACh) to the cortex. The decreasing cholinergic innervation of the cortex due to degeneration of the NBM might be the cause of loss of memory function. NBM-Deep brain stimulation (NBM-DBS) is considered to serve as a potential therapeutic option for patients with AD by supporting residual cholinergic transmission to stabilize oscillatory activity in memory-relevant circuits. However, whether DBS could improve sensory memory functions in patients with AD is not clear. Here, in a passive auditory oddball paradigm, patients with AD (N = 2) listened to repetitive background tones (standard tones) randomly interrupted by frequency deviants in two blocks with NBM-DBS OFF and then NBM-DBS ON, while age-matched healthy controls (N = 6) repeated the experiment twice. The mismatch negativity in NBM-DBS OFF significantly differed from controls in both blocks, but not under NBM-DBS, which was likely due to a pronounced P50 increase overlapping with the N1 in NBM-DBS OFF. This early complex of EEG components recovered under stimulation to a normal level as defined by responses in controls. In this temporal interval, we found in patients with NBM-DBS ON (but not with NBM-DBS OFF) and in controls a strong repetition suppression effect to standard tones - with more attenuated responses to frequently repeated standard tones. This highlights the role of NBM-DBS for sensory gating of familiar auditory information into sensory memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dürschmid
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Johanniter Hospital Oberhausen, EVKLN, Oberhausen, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Hinrichs
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,CBBS - center of behavioral brain sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,CBBS - center of behavioral brain sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Emergence of early alterations in network oscillations and functional connectivity in a tau seeding mouse model of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14189. [PMID: 29079799 PMCID: PMC5660172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and disconnectivity are core deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), preceding clear changes in histopathology and cognitive functioning. Here, the early and late effects of tau pathology induction on functional network connectivity were investigated in P301L mice. Multichannel EEG oscillations were used to compute (1) coherent activity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) CA1-CA3 networks; (2) phase-amplitude cross frequency coupling (PAC) between theta and gamma oscillations, which is instrumental in adequate cognitive functioning; (3) information processing as assessed by auditory evoked potentials and oscillations in the passive oddball mismatch negativity-like (MMN) paradigm. At the end, the density of tau aggregation and GABA parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Early weakening of EEG theta oscillations and coherent activity were revealed between the PFC and HPC CA1 and drastic impairments in theta–gamma oscillations PAC from week 2 onwards, while PV+ interneurons count was not altered. Moreover, the tau pathology disrupted the MMN complex amplitude and evoked gamma oscillations to standard and deviant stimuli suggesting altered memory formation and recall. The induction of intracellular tau aggregation by tau seed injection results in early altered connectivity and strong theta–gamma oscillations uncoupling, which may be exploited as an early electrophysiological signature of dysfunctional neuronal networks.
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19
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Caldenhove S, Borghans L, Blokland A, Sambeth A. Role of acetylcholine and serotonin in novelty processing using an oddball paradigm. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Marsh JE, Campbell TA. Processing Complex Sounds Passing through the Rostral Brainstem: The New Early Filter Model. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:136. [PMID: 27242396 PMCID: PMC4861936 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rostral brainstem receives both “bottom-up” input from the ascending auditory system and “top-down” descending corticofugal connections. Speech information passing through the inferior colliculus of elderly listeners reflects the periodicity envelope of a speech syllable. This information arguably also reflects a composite of temporal-fine-structure (TFS) information from the higher frequency vowel harmonics of that repeated syllable. The amplitude of those higher frequency harmonics, bearing even higher frequency TFS information, correlates positively with the word recognition ability of elderly listeners under reverberatory conditions. Also relevant is that working memory capacity (WMC), which is subject to age-related decline, constrains the processing of sounds at the level of the brainstem. Turning to the effects of a visually presented sensory or memory load on auditory processes, there is a load-dependent reduction of that processing, as manifest in the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) evoked by to-be-ignored clicks. Wave V decreases in amplitude with increases in the visually presented memory load. A visually presented sensory load also produces a load-dependent reduction of a slightly different sort: The sensory load of visually presented information limits the disruptive effects of background sound upon working memory performance. A new early filter model is thus advanced whereby systems within the frontal lobe (affected by sensory or memory load) cholinergically influence top-down corticofugal connections. Those corticofugal connections constrain the processing of complex sounds such as speech at the level of the brainstem. Selective attention thereby limits the distracting effects of background sound entering the higher auditory system via the inferior colliculus. Processing TFS in the brainstem relates to perception of speech under adverse conditions. Attentional selectivity is crucial when the signal heard is degraded or masked: e.g., speech in noise, speech in reverberatory environments. The assumptions of a new early filter model are consistent with these findings: A subcortical early filter, with a predictive selectivity based on acoustical (linguistic) context and foreknowledge, is under cholinergic top-down control. A prefrontal capacity limitation constrains this top-down control as is guided by the cholinergic processing of contextual information in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Marsh
- School of Psychology, University of Central LancashirePreston, UK; Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of GävleGävle, Sweden
| | - Tom A Campbell
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Region-specific reduction of auditory sensory gating in older adults. Brain Cogn 2015; 101:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Age-Related Reduced Somatosensory Gating Is Associated with Altered Alpha Frequency Desynchronization. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:302878. [PMID: 26417458 PMCID: PMC4568376 DOI: 10.1155/2015/302878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating (SG), referring to an attenuated neural response to the second identical stimulus, is considered as preattentive processing in the central nervous system to filter redundant sensory inputs. Insufficient somatosensory SG has been found in the aged adults, particularly in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). However, it remains unclear which variables leading to the age-related somatosensory SG decline. There has been evidence showing a relationship between brain oscillations and cortical evoked excitability. Thus, this study used whole-head magnetoencephalography to record responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation to the left median nerve in healthy young and elderly participants to test whether insufficient stimulus 1- (S1-) induced event-related desynchronization (ERD) contributes to a less-suppressed stimulus 2- (S2-) evoked response. Our analysis revealed that the minimum norm estimates showed age-related reduction of SG in the bilateral SII regions. Spectral power analysis showed that the elderly demonstrated significantly reduced alpha ERD in the contralateral SII (SIIc). Moreover, it was striking to note that lower S1-induced alpha ERD was associated with higher S2-evoked amplitudes in the SIIc among the aged adults. Conclusively, our findings suggest that age-related decline of somatosensory SG is partially attributed to the altered S1-induced oscillatory activity.
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23
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Gaebler AJ, Mathiak K, Koten JW, König AA, Koush Y, Weyer D, Depner C, Matentzoglu S, Edgar JC, Willmes K, Zvyagintsev M. Auditory mismatch impairments are characterized by core neural dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Brain 2015; 138:1410-23. [PMID: 25743635 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major theories on the neural basis of schizophrenic core symptoms highlight aberrant salience network activity (insula and anterior cingulate cortex), prefrontal hypoactivation, sensory processing deficits as well as an impaired connectivity between temporal and prefrontal cortices. The mismatch negativity is a potential biomarker of schizophrenia and its reduction might be a consequence of each of these mechanisms. In contrast to the previous electroencephalographic studies, functional magnetic resonance imaging may disentangle the involved brain networks at high spatial resolution and determine contributions from localized brain responses and functional connectivity to the schizophrenic impairments. Twenty-four patients and 24 matched control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an optimized auditory mismatch task. Haemodynamic responses and functional connectivity were compared between groups. These data sets further entered a diagnostic classification analysis to assess impairments on the individual patient level. In the control group, mismatch responses were detected in the auditory cortex, prefrontal cortex and the salience network (insula and anterior cingulate cortex). Furthermore, mismatch processing was associated with a deactivation of the visual system and the dorsal attention network indicating a shift of resources from the visual to the auditory domain. The patients exhibited reduced activation in all of the respective systems (right auditory cortex, prefrontal cortex, and the salience network) as well as reduced deactivation of the visual system and the dorsal attention network. Group differences were most prominent in the anterior cingulate cortex and adjacent prefrontal areas. The latter regions also exhibited a reduced functional connectivity with the auditory cortex in the patients. In the classification analysis, haemodynamic responses yielded a maximal accuracy of 83% based on four features; functional connectivity data performed similarly or worse for up to about 10 features. However, connectivity data yielded a better performance when including more than 10 features yielding up to 90% accuracy. Among others, the most discriminating features represented functional connections between the auditory cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex as well as adjacent prefrontal areas. Auditory mismatch impairments incorporate major neural dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Our data suggest synergistic effects of sensory processing deficits, aberrant salience attribution, prefrontal hypoactivation as well as a disrupted connectivity between temporal and prefrontal cortices. These deficits are associated with subsequent disturbances in modality-specific resource allocation. Capturing different schizophrenic core dysfunctions, functional magnetic resonance imaging during this optimized mismatch paradigm reveals processing impairments on the individual patient level, rendering it a potential biomarker of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnim Johannes Gaebler
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 2 JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 2 JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Koten
- 3 Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 4 Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychology, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Anna König
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 2 JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yury Koush
- 5 Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 6 Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Weyer
- 7 Brain Imaging Facility, IZKF Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Conny Depner
- 8 Katharina Kasper Via Nobis GmbH, Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gangelt, Germany
| | - Simeon Matentzoglu
- 8 Katharina Kasper Via Nobis GmbH, Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gangelt, Germany
| | - James Christopher Edgar
- 9 Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Centre, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaus Willmes
- 3 Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Zvyagintsev
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 2 JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany 7 Brain Imaging Facility, IZKF Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Chang Y, Xu J, Pang X, Sun Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Mismatch negativity indices of enhanced preattentive automatic processing in panic disorder as measured by a multi-feature paradigm. Biol Psychol 2015; 105:77-82. [PMID: 25603282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is a mental disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks and worrying about having subsequent attacks. Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been established as a correlate of preattentive automatic processing. The aim of the present study is to investigate the preattentive automatic information processing in PD patients as measured by MMN. Subjects included 15 medication-free patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PD and 15 age-matched healthy volunteers. MMN was investigated using event-related potentials. The protocol used a multi-feature paradigm. Mean amplitudes and peak latencies were subjected to repeated-measures ANOVAs. PD patients showed a significantly increased MMN of sound intensity and location compared with healthy participants. The correlation between the amplitudes of intensity-MMN and disease severity was also significant. These data provide evidence of anomalous preattentive automatic information processing in PD patients. In particular, the abnormality may be specific for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaomei Pang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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25
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Christianson GB, Chait M, de Cheveigné A, Linden JF. Auditory evoked fields measured noninvasively with small-animal MEG reveal rapid repetition suppression in the guinea pig. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:3053-65. [PMID: 25231619 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00189.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models, single-neuron response properties such as stimulus-specific adaptation have been described as possible precursors to mismatch negativity, a human brain response to stimulus change. In the present study, we attempted to bridge the gap between human and animal studies by characterising responses to changes in the frequency of repeated tone series in the anesthetised guinea pig using small-animal magnetoencephalography (MEG). We showed that 1) auditory evoked fields (AEFs) qualitatively similar to those observed in human MEG studies can be detected noninvasively in rodents using small-animal MEG; 2) guinea pig AEF amplitudes reduce rapidly with tone repetition, and this AEF reduction is largely complete by the second tone in a repeated series; and 3) differences between responses to the first (deviant) and later (standard) tones after a frequency transition resemble those previously observed in awake humans using a similar stimulus paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chait
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain de Cheveigné
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and École normale supérieure, Paris, France; and
| | - Jennifer F Linden
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Muthukumaraswamy SD. The use of magnetoencephalography in the study of psychopharmacology (pharmaco-MEG). J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:815-29. [PMID: 24920134 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114536790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neuroimaging technique that allows direct measurement of the magnetic fields generated by synchronised ionic neural currents in the brain with moderately good spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. Because chemical neuromodulation can cause changes in neuronal processing on the millisecond time-scale, the combination of MEG with pharmacological interventions (pharmaco-MEG) is a powerful tool for measuring the effects of experimental modulations of neurotransmission in the living human brain. Importantly, pharmaco-MEG can be used in both healthy humans to understand normal brain function and in patients to understand brain pathologies and drug-treatment effects. In this paper, the physiological and technical basis of pharmaco-MEG is introduced and contrasted with other pharmacological neuroimaging techniques. Ongoing developments in MEG analysis techniques such as source-localisation, functional and effective connectivity analyses, which have allowed for more powerful inferences to be made with recent pharmaco-MEG data, are described. Studies which have utilised pharmaco-MEG across a range of neurotransmitter systems (GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine and serotonin) are reviewed.
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Gurevicius K, Lipponen A, Minkeviciene R, Tanila H. Short- and long-term habituation of auditory event-related potentials in the rat. F1000Res 2014; 2:182. [PMID: 25132958 PMCID: PMC4118758 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-182.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An auditory oddball paradigm in humans generates a long-duration cortical negative potential, often referred to as mismatch negativity. Similar negativity has been documented in monkeys and cats, but it is controversial whether mismatch negativity also exists in awake rodents. To this end, we recorded cortical and hippocampal evoked responses in rats during alert immobility under a typical passive oddball paradigm that yields mismatch negativity in humans. The standard stimulus was a 9 kHz tone and the deviant either 7 or 11 kHz tone in the first condition. We found no evidence of a sustained potential shift when comparing evoked responses to standard and deviant stimuli. Instead, we found repetition-induced attenuation of the P60 component of the combined evoked response in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The attenuation extended over three days of recording and disappeared after 20 intervening days of rest. Reversal of the standard and deviant tones resulted is a robust enhancement of the N40 component not only in the cortex but also in the hippocampus. Responses to standard and deviant stimuli were affected similarly. Finally, we tested the effect of scopolamine in this paradigm. Scopolamine attenuated cortical N40 and P60 as well as hippocampal P60 components, but had no specific effect on the deviant response. We conclude that in an oddball paradigm the rat demonstrates repetition-induced attenuation of mid-latency responses, which resembles attenuation of the N1-component of human auditory evoked potential, but no mismatch negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arto Lipponen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rimante Minkeviciene
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Brain Network Activation (BNA) reveals scopolamine-induced impairment of visual working memory. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:59-70. [PMID: 24535560 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this event-related potential (ERP) study was to examine the effects of scopolamine on the dynamics of brain network activation using a novel ERP network analysis method known as Brain Network Activation (BNA). BNA was used for extracting group-common stimulus-activated network patterns elicited to matching probe stimuli in the context of a delayed matching-to-sample task following placebo and scopolamine treatments administered to healthy participants. The BNA extracted networks revealed the existence of two pathophysiological mechanisms following scopolamine, disconnection, and compensation. Specifically, weaker frontal theta and parietal alpha coupling was accompanied with enhanced fronto-centro-parietal theta activation relative to placebo. In addition, using the characteristic BNA network of each treatment as well as corresponding literature-guided selective subnetworks as combined biomarkers managed to differentiate between individual responses to each of the treatments. Behavioral effects associated with scopolamine included delayed response time and impaired response accuracy. These results indicate that the BNA method is sensitive to the effects of scopolamine on working memory and that it may potentially enable diagnosis and treatment assessment of dysfunctions associated with cholinergic deficiency.
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Hughes LE, Rowe JB. The impact of neurodegeneration on network connectivity: a study of change detection in frontotemporal dementia. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:802-13. [PMID: 23469882 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The neural response to unpredictable auditory events is suggested to depend on frontotemporal interactions. We used magnetoencephalography in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia to study change detection and to examine the impact of disease on macroscopic network connectivity underlying this core cognitive function. In patients, the amplitudes of auditory cortical responses to predictable standard tones were normal but were reduced for unpredictable deviant tones. Network connectivity, in terms of coherence among frontal, temporal, and parietal sources, was also abnormal in patients. In the beta frequency range, left frontotemporal coherence was reduced. In the gamma frequency range, frontal interhemispheric coherence was reduced whereas parietal interhemispheric coherence was enhanced. These results suggest impaired change detection resulting from dysfunctional frontotemporal interactions. They also provide evidence of a rostro-caudal reorganization of brain networks in disease. The sensitivity of magnetoencephalography to cortical network changes in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia enriches the understanding of neurocognitive systems as well as showing potential for studies of experimental therapies for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hughes
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
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Cholinergic modulation of auditory processing, sensory gating and novelty detection in human participants. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 225:903-21. [PMID: 23052568 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Suppression of redundant auditory information and facilitation of deviant, novel, or salient sounds can be assessed with paired-click and oddball tasks, respectively. Electrophysiological correlates of perturbed auditory processing found in these paradigms are likely to be a trait marker or candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE This is the first study to investigate the effects of the muscarinic M1 antagonist biperiden and the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine on auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs), sensory gating, and mismatch negativity (MMN) in young, healthy volunteers. RESULTS Biperiden increased P50 amplitude and prolonged N100 and P200 latency in the paired-click task but did not affect sensory gating. Rivastigmine was able to reverse the effects of biperiden on N100 and P200 latency. Biperiden increased P50 latency in the novelty oddball task, which was reversed by concurrent administration of rivastigmine. Rivastigmine shortened N100 latency and enhanced P3a amplitude in the novelty oddball paradigm, both of which were reversed by biperiden. CONCLUSION The muscarinic M1 receptor appears to be involved in preattentive processing of auditory information in the paired-click task. Additional effects of biperiden versus rivastigmine were reversed by a combination treatment, which renders attribution of these findings to muscarinic M1 versus muscarinic M2-M5 or nicotinic receptors much more difficult. It remains to be seen whether the effects of cholinergic drugs on AEPs are specifically related to the abnormalities found in schizophrenia. Alternatively, aberrant auditory processing could also be indicative of a general disturbance in neural functioning shared by several neuropsychiatric disorders and/or neurodegenerative changes seen in aging.
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Hughes LE, Ghosh BC, Rowe JB. Reorganisation of brain networks in frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 2:459-468. [PMID: 23853762 PMCID: PMC3708296 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of large-scale brain networks is increasingly recognised as a consequence of neurodegenerative dementias. We assessed adults with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy using magnetoencephalography during an auditory oddball paradigm. Network connectivity among bilateral temporal, frontal and parietal sources was examined using dynamic causal modelling. We found evidence for a systematic change in effective connectivity in both diseases. Compared with healthy subjects, who had focal modulation of intrahemispheric frontal-temporal connections, the patient groups showed abnormally extensive and inefficient networks. The changes in connectivity were accompanied by impaired responses of the auditory cortex to unexpected deviant tones (MMNm), despite normal responses to standard stimuli. Together, these results suggest that neurodegeneration in two distinct clinical syndromes with overlapping profiles of prefrontal atrophy, causes a similar pattern of reorganisation of large-scale networks. We discuss this network reorganisation in the context of other focal brain disorders and the specific vulnerability of functional brain networks to neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Hughes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | | | - James B. Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
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The mismatch negativity (MMN)--a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:424-58. [PMID: 22169062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review clinical research using the mismatch negativity (MMN), a change-detection response of the brain elicited even in the absence of attention or behavioural task. In these studies, the MMN was usually elicited by employing occasional frequency, duration or speech-sound changes in repetitive background stimulation while the patient was reading or watching videos. It was found that in a large number of different neuropsychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as in normal ageing, the MMN amplitude was attenuated and peak latency prolonged. Besides indexing decreased discrimination accuracy, these effects may also reflect, depending on the specific stimulus paradigm used, decreased sensory-memory duration, abnormal perception or attention control or, most importantly, cognitive decline. In fact, MMN deficiency appears to index cognitive decline irrespective of the specific symptomatologies and aetiologies of the different disorders involved.
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Miyajima M, Ohta K, Hara K, Iino H, Maehara T, Hara M, Matsuura M, Matsushima E. Abnormal mismatch negativity for pure-tone sounds in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2011; 94:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Robinson L, Platt B, Riedel G. Involvement of the cholinergic system in conditioning and perceptual memory. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:443-65. [PMID: 21315109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic systems play a pivotal role in learning and memory, and have been the centre of attention when it comes to diseases containing cognitive deficits. It is therefore not surprising, that the cholinergic transmitter system has experienced detailed examination of its role in numerous behavioural situations not least with the perspective that cognition may be rescued with appropriate cholinergic 'boosters'. Here we reviewed the literature on (i) cholinergic lesions, (ii) pharmacological intervention of muscarinic or nicotinic system, or (iii) genetic deletion of selective receptor subtypes with respect to sensory discrimination and conditioning procedures. We consider visual, auditory, olfactory and somatosensory processing first before discussing more complex tasks such as startle responses, latent inhibition, negative patterning, eye blink and fear conditioning, and passive avoidance paradigms. An overarching reoccurring theme is that lesions of the cholinergic projection neurones of the basal forebrain impact negatively on acquisition learning in these paradigms and blockade of muscarinic (and to a lesser extent nicotinic) receptors in the target structures produce similar behavioural deficits. While these pertain mainly to impairments in acquisition learning, some rare cases extend to memory consolidation. Such single case observations warranted replication and more in-depth studies. Intriguingly, receptor blockade or receptor gene knockout repeatedly produced contradictory results (for example in fear conditioning) and combined studies, in which genetically altered mice are pharmacological manipulated, are so far missing. However, they are desperately needed to clarify underlying reasons for these contradictions. Consistently, stimulation of either muscarinic (mainly M(1)) or nicotinic (predominantly α7) receptors was beneficial for learning and memory formation across all paradigms supporting the notion that research into the development and mechanisms of novel and better cholinomimetics may prove useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders with cognitive endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Robinson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Kenemans JL, Kähkönen S. How human electrophysiology informs psychopharmacology: from bottom-up driven processing to top-down control. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:26-51. [PMID: 20927044 PMCID: PMC3055493 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review surveys human event-related brain potential (ERP) and event-related magnetic field (ERF) approaches to psychopharmacology and psychopathology, and the way in which they complement behavioral studies and other neuroimaging modalities. The major paradigms involving ERP/ERF are P50 suppression, loudness-dependent auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, mental chronometry, inhibitory control, and conflict processing (eg, error-related negativity (ERN)). Together these paradigms cover a range of more bottom-up driven to more top-down controlled processes. A number of relationships between the major neurotransmitter systems and electrocortical mechanisms are highlighted. These include the role of dopamine in conflict processing, and perceptual processing vs motor preparation; the role of serotonin in P50 suppression, LDAEP, and MMN; glutamate/NMDA and MMN; and the role of acetylcholine in P300 generation and memory-related processes. A preliminary taxonomy for these relationships is provided, which should be helpful in attuning possible new treatments or new applications of existing treatments to various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leon Kenemans
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Human Psychopharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Seki Y, Kandori A, Ogata K, Miyashita T, Kumagai Y, Ohnuma M, Konaka K, Naritomi H. Note: Unshielded bilateral magnetoencephalography system using two-dimensional gradiometers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:096103. [PMID: 20887009 DOI: 10.1063/1.3482154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) noninvasively measures neuronal activity with high temporal resolution. The aim of this study was to develop a new type of MEG system that can measure bilateral MEG waveforms without a magnetically shielded room, which is an obstacle to reducing both the cost and size of an MEG system. An unshielded bilateral MEG system was developed using four two-dimensional (2D) gradiometers and two symmetric cryostats. The 2D gradiometer, which is based on a low-T(c) superconducting quantum interference device and wire-wound pickup coil detects a magnetic-field gradient in two orthogonal directions, or ∂/∂x(∂(2)B(z)/∂z(2)), and reduces environmental magnetic-field noise by more than 50 dB. The cryostats can be symmetrically positioned in three directions: vertical, horizontal, and rotational. This makes it possible to detect bilateral neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex simultaneously. Bilateral auditory-evoked fields (AEF) of 18 elderly subjects were measured in an unshielded hospital environment using the MEG system. As a result, both the ipsilateral and the contralateral AEF component N100m, which is the magnetic counterpart of electric N100 in electroencephalography and appears about 100 ms after the onset of an auditory stimulus, were successfully detected for all the subjects. Moreover, the ipsilateral P50m and the contralateral P50m were also detected for 12 (67%) and 16 (89%) subjects, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the unshielded bilateral MEG system can detect MEG waveforms, which are associated with brain dysfunction such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seki
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
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Sysoeva OV, Maluchenko NV, Smirnov KS, Shleptsova VA, Ivanitsky AM, Tonevitsky AG. Peculiarities of Brain Information Processing in Persons with Different Serotonin Transporter Gene Variants. Bull Exp Biol Med 2010; 148:731-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-0803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Acetylcholine plays a major role in mediating attention processes. We investigated the muscarinic antagonist effect of scopolamine on functional neuro-anatomy of attention and cognition. We assessed 12 healthy volunteers while performing the Attention Network Task on 0.4 mg scopolamine and placebo in a single-blind randomized trial in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner. Neurocognitive measures included verbal learning, verbal memory, verbal fluency, trail making, digit span, a continuous performance task and a planning task (Tower of London). When compared to placebo, scopolamine increased reaction times for conflicting stimulus processing, together with decreasing brain activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (a brain region involved in conflict processing) suggestive of a muscarinic antagonist effect on executive control of attention. Contrary to the notion of a predominantly right-hemispheric lateralization of cognitive processes associated with orienting attention, scopolamine reduced brain activity in left superior and left middle frontal brain areas. Our neuropsychological test data revealed a selective effect of scopolamine on verbal learning and memory while other cognitive domains, such as planning and working memory, were unaffected. These findings are consistent with muscarinic modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission in frontal attention networks when processing conflicting information.
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Yuan GZ, Zhou ZH, Yao JJ. Effect of quetiapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia: a mismatch negativity potentials study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2009; 21:26-33. [PMID: 25384526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effects of quetiapine on abnormalities of early auditory processing in patients with schizophrenia were reflected by mismatch negativity (MMN). METHODS Subjects were 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 controls. Psychopathology was rated in patients with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and after 4-week and after 8-week treatments with quetiapine. Auditory stimuli for event-related potentials consisted of 100 ms/1000 Hz standards, intermixed with 100 ms/1500 Hz frequency deviants and 250 ms/ 1000 Hz duration deviants. A stimulus onset asynchrony of each was 300 ms. Electroencephalograph was recorded at Fz. BESA 5.1.8 was used to perform data analysis. MMN waveforms were obtained by subtracting waveforms elicited by standards from those elicited by frequency- or duration-deviant stimuli. RESULTS Quetiapine decreased all PANSS scores. Patients showed smaller mean amplitudes of frequency and duration MMN at baseline than did controls. A repeated measure analysis of variance with sessions (i.e. baseline and 4- and 8-week treatments) and MMN type (frequency versus duration) as within-subject factors revealed no significant MMN type or MMN type × session main effect for MMN amplitudes (for MMN type: F = 0.704, df = 1, p = 0.403; for MMN type × session: F = 0.299, df = 2, p = 0.796). Session main effect was significant (F = 3.576, df = 2, p = 0.031). Least square difference tests showed significant differences between MMN amplitudes at 8 weeks and those at both baseline (p = 0.025) and 4 weeks (p = 0.020). MMN amplitudes at 8 weeks were higher than those at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Quetiapine improved the amplitudes of MMN after the 8-week treatment. MMN offers objective evidence that treatment with the quetiapine may ameliorate preattentive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhen Yuan
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen-He Zhou
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yao
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Central auditory dysfunction in schizophrenia as revealed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic equivalent MMNm: a review. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 12:125-35. [PMID: 18771603 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145708009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, the auditory change-detection response, mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetoencephalographic (MEG) equivalent MMNm have been applied in a large number of studies on schizophrenia. These studies have enhanced our understanding of the central auditory dysfunction underlying schizophrenia. The attenuation of the MMN amplitude is a systematic and robust neurophysiological finding in these patients. The gradual attenuation of the MMN amplitude resulting from frequency change reflects the progress of the disease, particularly the impairment occurring as a function of illness duration, whereas the MMN deficiency for duration change may be more closely linked to the genetic aspect of the illness. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) studies, together, suggest that both the temporal and frontal cortices contributing to MMN generation are affected in schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, abnormalities in auditory perception and discrimination revealed by a deficient temporal MMN generator process might be associated with patients' positive symptoms, whereas the dampened frontal attention-switching function, suggested by the attenuated responses of the frontal MMN generator, might contribute to the negative symptoms such as social withdrawal. In addition, gradual MMN amplitude reduction, in particular that for frequency change, reflects cognitive and functional impairment occurring as a function of illness duration. Finally, as MMN can be detected even in animals such as the mouse, it might provide a useful biomarker for assessing the effects of the drugs developed to fight the cognitive and functional impairments in schizophrenia patients.
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Garrido MI, Kilner JM, Stephan KE, Friston KJ. The mismatch negativity: a review of underlying mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:453-63. [PMID: 19181570 PMCID: PMC2671031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a brain response to violations of a rule, established by a sequence of sensory stimuli (typically in the auditory domain) [Näätänen R. Attention and brain function. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1992]. The MMN reflects the brain's ability to perform automatic comparisons between consecutive stimuli and provides an electrophysiological index of sensory learning and perceptual accuracy. Although the MMN has been studied extensively, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the MMN are not well understood. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the generation of the MMN; amongst these accounts, the "adaptation hypothesis" and the "model adjustment hypothesis" have received the most attention. This paper presents a review of studies that focus on neuronal mechanisms underlying the MMN generation, discusses the two major explanatory hypotheses, and proposes predictive coding as a general framework that attempts to unify both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Garrido
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, UK.
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The effect of methylphenidate on auditory information processing in healthy volunteers: a combined EEG/MEG study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 197:475-86. [PMID: 18264697 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-1065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The psychomotor stimulant methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to improve attentional processes, reflected in behavioural measures such as vigilance, reaction time and visual attention tasks. The neural mechanisms of MPH action on sensory information processing, however, remain poorly understood. To the authors' knowledge, this present study is the first to investigate whether a single dose of MPH affects neural substrates of passive attention in healthy adults studied with simultaneous whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS Monaural left-ear auditory stimuli were presented in an oddball paradigm with infrequent deviant tones differing in frequency and duration. Neuronal activity was recorded with simultaneous whole-head MEG and EEG in 13 healthy subjects (five females; aged 27 +/- 5 years) after oral administration of 40 mg MPH or placebo in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design. We analysed both electric and magnetic N100, P200 and mismatch negativity (MMN) components. RESULTS MPH increased arousal levels in visual analogue scales. MPH had no effect on the dipole strength of MMN or MMNm in either frequency or duration deviations. MPH did, however, reduce P200 amplitudes in EEG. CONCLUSIONS The lack of effect of MPH on either MMN or MMNm suggests no association between catecholaminergic activities and MMN generation. However, our findings imply that MPH may change the neural bases of auditory information processing such as the early stimulus evaluation reflected in the P200 component. Dopamine and noradrenaline neurotransmitter systems could be responsible for the modulation of these processes. The exclusive effect of MPH on the P200 component could have a clinical application.
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Optimized mismatch negativity paradigm reflects deficits in schizophrenia patients. Biol Psychol 2008; 77:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Cognitive functions are fundamental to being human. Although tremendous progress has been made in the science of cognition using neuroimaging, the clinical applications of neuroimaging are just beginning to be realized. This article focuses on selected technologies, analysis techniques, and applications that have, or will soon have, direct clinical impact. The authors discuss how cognition can be imaged using MR imaging, functional MR imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography, and MR imaging diffusion tensor imaging. A unifying theme of this article is the concept that a more complete understanding of cognition only comes through integration of multimodal structural and functional imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Stufflebeam
- Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:2544-90. [PMID: 17931964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1661] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, the basic research using the mismatch negativity (MMN) and analogous results obtained by using the magnetoencephalography (MEG) and other brain-imaging technologies is reviewed. This response is elicited by any discriminable change in auditory stimulation but recent studies extended the notion of the MMN even to higher-order cognitive processes such as those involving grammar and semantic meaning. Moreover, MMN data also show the presence of automatic intelligent processes such as stimulus anticipation at the level of auditory cortex. In addition, the MMN enables one to establish the brain processes underlying the initiation of attention switch to, conscious perception of, sound change in an unattended stimulus stream.
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Maess B, Jacobsen T, Schröger E, Friederici AD. Localizing pre-attentive auditory memory-based comparison: Magnetic mismatch negativity to pitch change. Neuroimage 2007; 37:561-71. [PMID: 17596966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the pitch of repetitive sounds elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) of the event-related brain potential (ERP). There exist two alternative accounts for this index of automatic change detection: (1) A sensorial, non-comparator account according to which ERPs in oddball sequences are affected by differential refractory states of frequency-specific afferent cortical neurons. (2) A cognitive, comparator account stating that MMN reflects the outcome of a memory comparison between a neuronal model of the frequently presented standard sound with the sensory memory representation of the changed sound. Using a condition controlling for refractoriness effects, the two contributions to MMN can be disentangled. The present study used whole-head MEG to further elucidate the sensorial and cognitive contributions to frequency MMN. Results replicated ERP findings that MMN to pitch change is a compound of the activity of a sensorial, non-comparator mechanism and a cognitive, comparator mechanism which could be separated in time. The sensorial part of frequency MMN consisting of spatially dipolar patterns was maximal in the late N1 range (105-125 ms), while the cognitive part peaked in the late MMN-range (170-200 ms). Spatial principal component analyses revealed that the early part of the traditionally measured MMN (deviant minus standard) is mainly due to the sensorial mechanism while the later mainly due to the cognitive mechanism. Inverse modeling revealed sources for both MMN contributions in the gyrus temporales transversus, bilaterally. These MEG results suggest temporally distinct but spatially overlapping activities of non-comparator-based and comparator-based mechanisms of automatic frequency change detection in auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Maess
- Max Planck Institute of Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstr. 1a, D-04104 Leipzig, Germany.
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Borghetti D, Pizzanelli C, Maritato P, Fabbrini M, Jensen S, Iudice A, Murri L, Sartucci F. Mismatch negativity analysis in drug-resistant epileptic patients implanted with vagus nerve stimulator. Brain Res Bull 2007; 73:81-5. [PMID: 17499640 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that some epileptic patients does not respond to conventional treatments, despite multiple combination of antiepileptic drugs, and they are therefore considered drug-resistant. For these patients, vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) represents a successful alternative to traditional therapy, and it is generally well tolerated; beside benefits on seizure frequency, VNS showed positive effects on cognition and mood. Aim of this study was to investigate short-term memory changes in a group of 12 patients implanted with VNS, through Mismatch Negativity wave (MMN). After 1 year of follow-up, MMN latencies and amplitudes did not show significant changes following VNS implantation, independently on current intensity, as compared with pre-implantation values. In two patients, MMN values, which were abnormal before VNS implantation, showed a major reduction in latency and an increase in amplitude after implantation, suggesting a likely positive effect of VNS on pre-attentive processes investigated by MMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurology, Pisa University School of Medicine, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Pekkonen E, Osipova D, Sauna-Aho O, Arvio M. Delayed auditory processing underlying stimulus detection in Down syndrome. Neuroimage 2007; 35:1547-50. [PMID: 17363283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by intellectual disability and development of dementia that are attributed to similar neuropathological features as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether DS patients have similar impairment of preattentive auditory processing as observed in AD. Sinusoidal tones were presented to DS patients and healthy controls, and evoked auditory evoked fields (AEF) were measured with a whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) system. Patients with DS had significantly delayed and attenuated N100m, and delayed but not attenuated P50m responses over both hemispheres. Present results indicate that preattentive auditory processing underlying stimulus detection is impaired in DS. Given that anticholinergic drugs modulate AEFs, degeneration of cholinergic system in DS could contribute to the damaged auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Dunbar G, Boeijinga PH, Demazières A, Cisterni C, Kuchibhatla R, Wesnes K, Luthringer R. Effects of TC-1734 (AZD3480), a selective neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, on cognitive performance and the EEG of young healthy male volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 191:919-29. [PMID: 17225162 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to get insight into the central effects of TC-1734 (renamed AZD3480), a selective agonist at the neuronal nicotinic receptor of the alpha4beta2 subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electroencephalography (EEG) techniques and computerized cognitive tests were performed in young, healthy male volunteers during two double-blind and placebo-controlled studies: a rising single dose crossover study (from 2 to 320 mg) and a rising repeated dose study with a parallel group design (50, 100, and 200 mg). RESULTS In contrast to acute administration, administration of AZD3480 over 10 days produced statistically significant enhancement of several cognitive measures (attention and episodic memory) compared to placebo. Regarding EEG data, AZD3480 showed acceleration of the alpha centroid and of the alpha peak in the single-dose study. This EEG profile of the acceleration type was confirmed in the repeated dose study on both day 1 and day 10, with the greatest effect observed with the highest dose. The EEG pattern shown for AZD3480 was consistent with that previously described with other drugs known to improve attention and vigilance (including nicotine). In addition, subjects dosed with AZD3480 showed a statistically significant increase in mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude at 50 and 200 mg while reducing MMN latency (200 mg only), suggesting an improvement of pre-attentional mechanisms. CONCLUSION These early data in healthy subjects provide encouragement to consider development of AZD3480 as a novel agent for the treatment of cognitive decline in the elderly, including age-associated memory impairment and/or dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dunbar
- TARGACEPT Inc., 200 East First Street Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27101-4165, USA
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Ally BA, Jones GE, Cole JA, Budson AE. Sensory gating in patients with Alzheimer's disease and their biological children. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2007; 21:439-47. [PMID: 17267377 DOI: 10.1177/1533317506292282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that sensory gating is largely modualted by acetylcholine. Diminished levels of acetylcholine and sensory gating deficits have been reported in research involving Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, there has been little investigation into those with a family history (FH+) of AD. The rationale of this study was to determine whether sensory gating impairments could distinguish those with early AD from individuals with increased risk for the disease while replicating previous findings of gating abnormalities in AD patients. Using the paried-click paradigm, evoked potentials were recorded from 4 groups of 20 subjects per group (AD, older controls, FH+, FH-). The results showed that while the AD group demonstrated sensory gating abnormalities, the FH+ group did not when compared to their peers with no family history of the disease (FH-). These results are discussed in relation to previous findings reporting P300 abnormalities in the FH+ group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Ally
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veteran's Hospital, GRECC, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, USA.
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