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Elgohary MK, Elkotamy MS, Abdelrahman Alkabbani M, Abdel-Aziz HA. Fenamates and ibuprofen as foundational components in the synthesis of innovative, targeted COX-2 anti-inflammatory drugs, undergoing thorough biopharmacological assessments and in-silico computational studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107393. [PMID: 38691908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a vital role in inflammation by catalyzing arachidonic acid conversion toward prostaglandins, making it a prime therapeutic objective. Selective COX-2 inhibitors represent significant progress in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering improved efficacy and fewer side effects. This study describes the synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory compounds from established pharmaceutically marketed agents like fenamates III-V and ibuprofen VI. Through rigorous in vitro testing, compounds 7b-c, and 12a-b demonstrated substantial in vitro selective inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.07 to 0.09 μM, indicating potent pharmacological activity. In vivo assessment, particularly focusing on compound 7c, revealed significant anti-inflammatory effects. Markedly, it demonstrated the highest inhibition of paw thickness (58.62 %) at the 5-hr mark compared to the carrageenan group, indicating its potency in mitigating inflammation. Furthermore, it exhibited a rapid onset of action, with a 54.88 % inhibition observed at the 1-hr mark. Subsequent comprehensive evaluations encompassing analgesic efficacy, histological characteristics, and toxicological properties indicated that compound 7c did not induce gastric ulcers, in contrast to the ulcerogenic tendency associated with mefenamic acid. Moreover, compound 7c underwent additional investigations through in silico methodologies such as molecular modelling, field alignment, and density functional theory. These analyses underscored the therapeutic potential and safety profile of this novel compound, warranting further exploration and development in the realm of pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Elgohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud S Elkotamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelrahman Alkabbani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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2
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K A Abdelall E, Elshemy HAH, Philoppes JN, Abdel-Fattah MM, El-Nahaas ES, Mahmoud RR. Development of safe and antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors; Synthesis, molecular docking analysis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolizine 5-carboxamides. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107098. [PMID: 38185010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of new pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide derivatives (5-8, 9a-d, 10a-d, 11a,b and 12a,b) were developed, synthesized and evaluated in terms of in vitro COX-2 enzyme inhibition. The in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation was conducted on the most selective compounds (9a,b,d, 10b,c and 11a,b). For the most active five compounds (9a, 10b,c and 11a,b), ulcerogenic liability, histopathological examinations, physicochemical properties study and antioxidant activity were investigated. Also, nitric oxide donor activity was evaluated for compounds (6, 7, 10a-d and 12a,b), while, compounds (10c,d and 12a,b) showed a high significant result relative to the normal control. According to the findings of this study, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide (9a) demonstrated high antioxidant (highest beta-carotene concentration (10.825 µg/ml)) and anti-inflammatory activity (EIP = 63.6 %) with lower ulcerogenicity (ulcer index 13.67), presenting it as a promising candidate for treating inflammatory diseases which are complicated by oxidative tissue damage. Furthermore, MOE software tools docking software was used to carry out the in silico studies. Docking study for the most active compounds showed that all compounds made three to four H-bond interactions in COX-2 active site adopting excellent docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman K A Abdelall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Heba A H Elshemy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - John N Philoppes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahaas
- Departement of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Rabab R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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3
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Liu WB, Tang J, Li JL, Chen C, Wu L, Li JS, Long YH. A new chromone from Kandelia candel endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. ZJ-68. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:1125-1131. [PMID: 37042704 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2197226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One chromone (1), together with four known alkaloids, were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. ZJ-68. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 4.094 ± 0.8 μM, which was better than positive drug indomethacin (IC50=35.8 ± 0.5 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun-Sen Li
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yu-Hua Long
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Wei S, Li M, Song W, Liu J, Yu S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Du H, Liu Y, Liu H, Fu W, Li B, Chen YG. The cyclooxygenase-expressing mesenchyme resists intestinal epithelial injury by paracrine signaling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 37574502 PMCID: PMC10423710 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine signals play pivotal roles in organ homeostasis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a key role in regulating epithelium homeostasis in the intestine while their paracrine effects are poorly characterized. Here, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by cyclooxygenase (COX)-expressing MSCs as a vital factor to maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier. We found that MSCs-induced organoid swelling through paracrine effect in vitro, a process due to enhanced water adsorption and is mediated by the COX-PGE2-EP4 axis. To further explore the regulatory effect of this axis on the intestinal epithelial barrier in vivo, we established the conditional knockout mouse model to specifically delete COX in MSCs and found that PGE2 reduction downregulated the gene Muc2 and induced a gastric metaplasia-like phenotype. Moreover, PGE2 defects increased the susceptibility of intestinal epithelium to colitis. Our study uncovers the paracrine signaling of COX-expressing MSCs in intestinal mucosal barrier maintenance, providing a basis for understanding the role of mesenchymal cells in the pathophysiological function of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Wanlu Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huijun Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuro- Psychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Pavone G, Castellucci B, Pavone S, Stefanetti V, Vitolo C, Mangiaterra S. Unusual Case of Biliary Peritonitis in a Dog Secondary to a Gastric Perforation. Vet Sci 2023; 10:384. [PMID: 37368770 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary peritonitis is a pathological condition representing a medical emergency with a high risk of mortality. This condition is reported in both human and veterinary medicine following biliary tract rupture, extrahepatic biliary obstructions, gallbladder rupture, trauma, or duodenal perforation. In this report, the first-ever case of biliary peritonitis due to gastric perforation in a Bobtail purebred dog is described, which was probably induced by the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). After an elective splenectomy and castration, the dog was referred to our hospital for medical management for inappetence, mental depression, and multiple episodes of gastric vomits with traces of blood. Clinical diagnostic tests showed the presence of biliary peritonitis. Due to worsening clinical conditions, the patient was subjected to euthanasia. Macroscopic examination showed a free brownish abdominal effusion and the presence of perforating ulcer of the stomach pylorus region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pavone
- Futuravet Veterinary Referral Center, 62029 Tolentino, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Pavone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Vitolo
- Futuravet Veterinary Referral Center, 62029 Tolentino, Italy
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Nainu F, Mamada SS, Emran TB. Prospective role of NSAIDs with antiviral properties for pharmacological management of postsurgical procedures during COVID-19. Int J Surg 2023; 109:109-111. [PMID: 36799818 PMCID: PMC10389334 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Panchal NK, Prince Sabina E. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A current insight into its molecular mechanism eliciting organ toxicities. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113598. [PMID: 36608735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that are routinely been used across the world. Their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects have all been well-documented. Moreover, they are been deliberated to have a protective role against various critical diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the data presented by numerous studies in past have signified the adverse effects of NSAIDs due to overdosing on various systems such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, neural, etc. Despite substantial studies representing the mechanism behind the clinical risk of NSAIDs, there are very few reviews that have collated comprehensive records of various toxicities caused by overdosing on NSAIDs. As a result, we have presented a comprehensive overview of existing information on NSAIDs in this review. In addition to that, we have concentrated on presenting our understanding of various organ-based toxicities caused due to NSAID's prolonged use/overdosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Evan Prince Sabina
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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8
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Panchal NK, Swarnalatha P, Prince SE. Trichopus zeylanicus ameliorates ibuprofen inebriated hepatotoxicity and enteropathy: an insight into its modulatory impact on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2229-2242. [PMID: 36008576 PMCID: PMC9410745 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects worldwide. However ibuprofen comes with serious unavoidable adverse effects on various organs when used for long duration or overdosed. Trichopus zeylanicus is a medicinal plant endemic to India owning various beneficial properties and is been used in treating various ailments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of aqueous leaves’ extract of Trichopus zeylanicus against ibuprofen-induced hepatic toxicity and enteropathy in rats. Overall in this study 30 male albino rats were used, which were divided into five groups (six in each group). Group-I was normal control, Group-II was ibuprofen (400 mg/kg/day) inebriated group, Group-III was silymarin (25 mg/kg/day) pretreated + ibuprofen (400 mg/kg/day), Group-IV was ALETZ (1000 mg/kg/day) pretreated + ibuprofen (400 mg/kg/day), and Group-V was ALETZ alone (1000 mg/kg/day) group. The duration of the administration was for five days, followed by scarifying rats on the sixth day. Later the rats were assessed for liver and intestine enzyme markers, antioxidant parameters along with histopathological changes. In addition the pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels were measured using ELISA. Lastly the expression pattern of apoptotic signaling markers such as caspase-3, caspase-8 and Bcl-2 was evaluated using western blot. The results obtained from this study showed changes in levels of aforesaid parameter which presented the toxic effect of ibuprofen on liver and small intestine. Pre-treatment of ALETZ in ibuprofen-inebriated group was able to normalize the adverse effect caused due to ibuprofen. The conclusion of the study deduces that pre-treatment with ALETZ alleviates by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in ibuprofen inebriated rats, indicating its protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Purushotham Swarnalatha
- Department of Information Security, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India, 632104
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Looking at NSAIDs from a historical perspective and their current status in drug repurposing for cancer treatment and prevention. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2095-2113. [PMID: 35876951 PMCID: PMC9310000 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most frequently prescribed drug classes with wide therapeutic applications over the centuries. Starting from the use of salicylate-containing willow leaves to the recent rise and fall of highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and the latest dual-acting anti-inflammatory molecules, they have displayed a rapid and ongoing evolution. Despite the enormous advances in the last twenty years, investigators are still in search of the design and development of more potent and safer therapy against inflammatory conditions. This challenge has been increasingly attractive as the emergence of inflammation as a common seed and unifying mechanism for most chronic diseases. Indeed, this fact put the NSAIDs in the spotlight for repurposing against inflammation-related disorders. This review attempts to present a historical perspective on the evolution of NSAIDs, regarding their COX-dependent/independent mode of actions, structural and mechanism-based classifications, and adverse effects. Additionally, a systematic review of previous studies was carried out to show the current situation in drug repurposing, particularly in cancers associated with the GI tract such as gastric and colorectal carcinoma. In the case of non-GI-related cancers, preclinical studies elucidating the effects and modes of action were collected and summarized.
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Nagahawatta D, Liyanage N, Jayawardhana H, Lee HG, Jayawardena TU, Jeon YJ. Anti-Fine Dust Effect of Fucoidan Extracted from Ecklonia maxima Laves in Macrophages via Inhibiting Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:413. [PMID: 35877707 PMCID: PMC9319110 DOI: 10.3390/md20070413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds contain fucoidan, which has numerous biological activities. Here, the anti-fine-dust activity of fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia maxima, an abundant brown seaweed from South Africa, was explored. Fourier transmittance infrared spectroscopy, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection analysis of the monosaccharide content, and nuclear magnetic resonance were used for the structural characterization of the polysaccharides. The toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were evaluated. The results revealed that E. maxima purified leaf fucoidan fraction 7 (EMLF7), which contained the highest sulfate content, showed the best anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating the TLR-mediated NF-κB/MAPK protein expressions in the particulate matter-stimulated cells. This was solidified by the successful reduction of Prostaglandin E2, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The current findings confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of EMLF7, as well as the potential use of E. maxima as a low-cost fucoidan source due to its abundance. This suggests its further application as a functional ingredient in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.); (H.-G.L.)
| | - N.M. Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.); (H.-G.L.)
| | - H.H.A.C.K. Jayawardhana
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.); (H.-G.L.)
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.); (H.-G.L.)
| | - Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.); (H.-G.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.); (H.H.A.C.K.J.); (H.-G.L.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
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11
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Enhancement of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of NSAIDs by Their Conjugation with 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl Alcohol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072104. [PMID: 35408503 PMCID: PMC9000480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of derivatives of three nonspecific COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen is presented. These acids were connected via an amide bond with an amino acid (L-proline, L-tyrosine, and beta-alanine) used as a linker. The amino acid carboxylic group was esterified with 3,4,5 trimethoxybenzyl alcohol. The activity of the novel derivatives was examined in vivo on carrageenan-induced inflammation, and in vitro, as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. It was found that the new compounds were more potent anti-inflammatory agents than the parent drugs. Thus, the ibuprofen (21) and ketoprofen (16) derivatives reduced rat paw edema by 67 and 91% (the reduction by the relevant NSAIDs was 36 and 47%, respectively). They inhibited COX-2 more than the starting drugs (21 by 67%, ibuprofen 46%, 19 by 94%, ketoprofen 49%). Docking of compounds on the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 reflects their in vitro activity. Thus, 19 adopts an unfavorable orientation for COX-1 inhibition, but it binds effectively in the binding pocket of COX-2, in agreement with the absence of activity for COX-1 and the high inhibition of COX-2. In conclusion, the performed structural modifications result in the enhancement of the anti-inflammatory activity, compared with the parent NSAIDs.
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Majumder R, Dhara M, Adhikari L, Panigrahi A. Comparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity between n-butanol fraction, leaf and stem methanolic extract obtained from Olaxpsittacorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114697. [PMID: 34626778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl. traditionally used by the tribal communities of 'INDIA' to heal conditions such as pain, psoriasis, mouthulcer, anemia, constipation as well as diabetes followed by scientific evidences like antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer property too. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT Solvent fractionation process by using chloroform, distilled water and n-butanol has been developed to get the precipitate as a fraction (encrypted as FrAE-ISO) of leaf methanolic extract (LME) and established GC-MS and antiinflammatory evaluation. The aim was to enumerate the potency against inflammation of FrAE-ISO comparing with LME, SME (Stem methanolic extract) and Diclofenac. TLC of LME extract has been developed too for separation & evaluation of the compounds appeared as bands obtained by scraping process. The motive of the experiment was to acquire an isolate from LME that can able to show an emense anti-inflammatory action compared to LME and SME. MATERIALS AND METHODS Priliminary phytochemical screening upon LME, SME and FrAE-ISO preformed by the standard methods of literatures. Scrapped portions of developed TLC plate (G-254 graded silica) of LME (n-Hexane:Ethylacetate; 7.5:2.5) were introduced to GC-MS evaluation. FrAE-ISO has introduced at a minute quantity (5 and 10 mg/kg/bw) within Wister albino rats (per os) against inflammation (model: carrageenan-induced paw edema) to evaluate its potency as compared to LME (25 mg/kg/bw), SME (25 mg/kg/bw) and Diclofenac (100 mg/kg). GC-MS evaluation has been conducted in both FrAE-ISO and scrapped sections to evaluate the presence of compounds qualitatively. RESULTS LME and SME, qualitatively through different screening processes confirm the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, amino acids, tannins, and saponins respectively. According to the quantitative study of the extracts concerning total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin content equivalent to gallic acid, quercetin, tannic acid, and diosgenin respectively have shown less amount of phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin content in SME (30.95, 205.33 and 30.82 mg/g extract respectively) as compared to LME (95.68, 713.33 and 66.41 mg/g extract respectively). Quantitative estimation has shown the presence of 825.27 mg of saponin equivalent to diosgenin per gram of FrAE-ISO. The GC-MS study has revealed that every section of the leaf extract has " Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester " in common with other important compounds responsible for its potent contribution towards the anti-inflammatory property. The scrapped portions of the TLC plate having mixture of compounds but FrAE-ISO has shown a sharp peak in GC-MS (up to 34 min of run time) as well as few crystals like structures under the binocular microscope. Compact doses of FrAEISO (yield = 1.645%) i.e. 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight was able to compete with 100 mg/kg Diclofenac portraying 88%-95% inhibition respectively throughout all phases of inflammation with no-significant differences compared to standard evaluated by ANOVA (in SPSS). CONCLUSION Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl. could be a good choice to explore its importance within the pharmacognostic field of drug development and might be a better source of herbal-derived lead compounds which can help to treat other various activities like ulcer healing or anti-anemic property etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Majumder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, A College of Pharmacy, Delhi-Road, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, 712102, India.
| | - Moonmun Dhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Lopamudra Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Amitav Panigrahi
- Hi-Tech Hospital Road, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751025, India.
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13
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Magni A, Agostoni P, Bonezzi C, Massazza G, Menè P, Savarino V, Fornasari D. Management of Osteoarthritis: Expert Opinion on NSAIDs. Pain Ther 2021; 10:783-808. [PMID: 33876393 PMCID: PMC8586433 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among older adults worldwide. Treatment aims are to alleviate inflammatory pain and improve physical function through non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as first-line therapy. However, selection is challenged by patient age, comorbidities and polypharmacy, and by the drug's benefit/risk balance, all of which together influence the risk of cardiovascular (CV), gastrointestinal (GI) and renal adverse events (AEs). While the efficacy profile of the various NSAIDs is delineated, the differences in their safety profile are not straightforward. This narrative review provides practical indications by a multidisciplinary Italian expert panel for general practitioners and specialists managing OA patients with chronic inflammatory pain; the goal is to maximize therapy efficacy while reducing untoward effects caused by inappropriate NSAID use. The discussion on the best approach to NSAIDs spanned the following topics: (1) patient evaluation: investigate pain origin, duration and components together with possible risk factors for CV, GI and renal AEs; (2) non-pharmacological interventions: the physiatrist provides a person-centered, holistic approach accounting for all patient aspects; (3) pharmacological interventions: patient profile and drugs' pharmacological properties affect NSAID selection, which drugs to be used in combination or to be avoided, formulation and therapy duration; (4) the pharmacologist's, general practitioner's and pain therapist's points of view; (5) NSAID safety: the individual baseline risk and the drug's safety profile are major determinants of CV, GI and renal risk; consider possible drug-drug interactions; (6) periodical re-evaluation of treatment response and adherence, using scales to assess pain and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Magni
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Via Del Sansovino 179, Florence, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea, 4, Milan, Italy ,Dipartimento di scienze cliniche e di comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Bonezzi
- Unità di Terapia del dolore, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Via Salvatore Maugeri 10, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Massazza
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, Turin, Italy ,“Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, Corso Bramante, 88, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/1039, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Effect of Quercetin on Injury to Indomethacin-Treated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111134. [PMID: 34833010 PMCID: PMC8623736 DOI: 10.3390/life11111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat inflammation and pain and even to prevent the progression of cardiovascular disease. They have become widely used because of their effectiveness, especially among athletes performing high-intensity training. Indomethacin is used for pain management in sports medicine and is highly effective and versatile. However, several clinical studies have reported that indomethacin induces acute renal damage. In the present study, we determined that indomethacin reduced human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated the effect of quercetin on indomethacin-treated HEK293 cells by inactivating the caspase-3 and caspase-9 signals. Furthermore, quercetin reduced ROS production and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in indomethacin-treated HEK293 cells. Our results indicate that quercetin can interrupt the activated caspase and mitochondrial pathway induced by indomethacin in HEK293 cells and affect apoptotic mRNA expression. Quercetin can protect against indomethacin-induced HEK293 cell apoptosis by regulating abnormal ΔΨm and apoptotic mRNA expression.
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15
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Abstract
Cannabis is widely used for both recreational and medicinal purposes on a global scale. There is accumulating interest in the use of cannabis and its constituents for athletic recovery, and in some instances, performance. Amidst speculation of potential beneficial applications, the effects of cannabis and its two most abundant constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), remain largely un-investigated. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature describing the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD, on athletic performance and recovery. While investigations of whole cannabis and THC have generally shown either null or detrimental effects on exercise performance in strength and aerobic-type activities, studies of sufficient rigor and validity to conclusively declare ergogenic or ergolytic potential in athletes are lacking. The ability of cannabis and THC to perturb cardiovascular homeostasis warrants further investigation regarding mechanisms by which performance may be affected across different exercise modalities and energetic demands. In contrast to cannabis and THC, CBD has largely been scrutinized for its potential to aid in recovery. The beneficial effects of CBD on sleep quality, pain, and mild traumatic brain injury may be of particular interest to certain athletes. However, research in each of these respective areas has yet to be thoroughly investigated in athletic populations. Elucidating the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD is pertinent for both researchers and practitioners given the widespread use of these products, and their potential to interact with athletes' performance and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Burr
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Christian P Cheung
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Andreas M Kasper
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Scott H Gillham
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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16
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Targeting Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Pathways in Inflammatory Arthritis: Two Better Than One? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091291. [PMID: 34572504 PMCID: PMC8464963 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is a cluster of diseases caused by unregulated activity of the immune system. The lost homeostasis is followed by the immune attack of one’s self, what damages healthy cells and tissues and leads to chronic inflammation of various tissues and organs (e.g., joints, lungs, heart, eyes). Different medications to control the excessive immune response are in use, however, drug resistances, flare-reactions and adverse effects to the current therapies are common in the affected patients. Thus, it is essential to broaden the spectrum of alternative treatments and to develop disease-modifying drugs. In the last 20 years, the involvement of the innate immune receptors TLRs in inflammatory arthritis has been widely investigated and targeting either the receptor itself or the proteins in the downstream signalling cascades has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Yet, concerns about the use of pharmacological agents that inhibit TLR activity and may leave the host unprotected against invading pathogens and toxicity issues amid inhibition of downstream kinases crucial in various cellular functions have arisen. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the role of TLRs in inflammatory arthritis; in addition, the likely druggable related targets and the developed inhibitors, and discusses the pros and cons of their potential clinical use.
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17
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Chen L, Wang Y, Sun L, Yan J, Mao H. Nanomedicine Strategies for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Noninfectious Arthritis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001732. [PMID: 33870656 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noninfectious arthritis (NIA) comprises a class of chronic and progressive inflammatory disorders that require early-stage management to prevent disease progression. The most common forms include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gouty arthritis. Current treatments involve nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoids to alleviate clinical symptoms, although regular use of these can result in a high risk of chronic kidney disease and heart failure, as well as severe adverse gastrointestinal effects. Nanomedicine offers unique opportunities to address these challenges and improve therapeutic efficacy due to its ability to deliver therapeutics locally in a sustained manner, thus extending the half-life, improving bioavailability, and reducing the side effects of these agents. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of various treatment options for NIA and highlights recent progress and emerging strategies in treating NIA with nanomedicine platforms, particularly related to long-term biosafety and nonspecific targeting in designing nanomedicine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Guiyang Guizhou 550000 China
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Yuanzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Guiyang Guizhou 550000 China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Guiyang Guizhou 550000 China
| | - Jerry Yan
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Hai‐Quan Mao
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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18
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Naser AY, Qadus S, Alwafi H, Jarrar Q, Ayoub R, Jaradat AA, Atiyah RM, Alqaisy AI. Dexamethasone and diclofenac intramuscular mixture injection and risk of death: A case series study. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2218-2221. [PMID: 33936668 PMCID: PMC8077341 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac and dexamethasone injection mixture could be associated with fatal cardiovascular events, further studies are warrantied to explore the safety of this injection mixture and explore the genetic role of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyIsra UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Sami Qadus
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyIsra UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of MedicineUmm Alqura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyIsra UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Rami Ayoub
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyIsra UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Abdolelah Ali Jaradat
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyIsra UniversityAmmanJordan
| | | | - Abdulrahman Ibrahim Alqaisy
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyIsra UniversityAmmanJordan
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19
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Atraric Acid Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197070. [PMID: 32992840 PMCID: PMC7582958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens, composite organisms resulting from the symbiotic association between the fungi and algae, produce a variety of secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the secondary metabolite atraric acid produced by Heterodermia hypoleuca. The results confirmed that atraric acid could regulate induced pro-inflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, induced nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, atraric acid downregulated the expression of phosphorylated IκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory effect of atraric acid during LPS-induced endotoxin shock in a mouse model was confirmed. In the atraric acid treated-group, cytokine production was decreased in the peritoneum and serum, and each organ damaged by LPS-stimulation was recovered. These results indicate that atraric acid has an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the inactivation of the ERK/NFκB signaling pathway, demonstrating its potential therapeutic value for treating inflammatory diseases.
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20
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High Prevalence of Cannabidiol Use Within Male Professional Rugby Union and League Players: A Quest for Pain Relief and Enhanced Recovery. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2020; 30:315-322. [DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rugby is characterized by frequent high-intensity collisions, resulting in muscle soreness. Players consequently seek strategies to reduce soreness and accelerate recovery, with an emerging method being cannabidiol (CBD), despite anti-doping risks. The prevalence and rationale for CBD use in rugby has not been explored; therefore, we recruited professional male players to complete a survey on CBD. Goodness of fit chi-square (χ2) was used to assess CBD use between codes and player position. Effects of age on use were determined using χ2 tests of independence. Twenty-five teams provided 517 player responses. While the majority of players had never used CBD (p < .001, V = 0.24), 26% had either used it (18%) or were still using it (8%). Significantly more CBD use was observed in rugby union compared with rugby league (p = .004, V = 0.13), but player position was not a factor (p = .760, V = 0.013). CBD use increased with players’ age (p < .001, V = 0.28), with mean use reaching 41% in the players aged 28 years and older category (p < .0001). The players using CBD primarily used the Internet (73%) or another teammate (61%) to obtain information, with only 16% consulting a nutritionist. The main reasons for CBD use were improving recovery/pain (80%) and sleep (78%), with 68% of players reporting a perceived benefit. These data highlight the need for immediate education on the risks of CBD, as well as the need to explore the claims regarding pain and sleep.
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21
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Ahmad B, Hanif Q, Wei X, Zhang L, Sabir N, Li Z, Cheng J, Khan SA, Basit A, Shahid M, Rehman AU, Si D, Zhang R. In vitro Impact of Yeast Expressed Hybrid Peptide CATH-2TP5 as a Prophylactic Measure Toward Sepsis and Inflammation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:454. [PMID: 32582649 PMCID: PMC7283555 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CATH-2TP5 is a linear cationic hybrid peptide, consequent from naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMPs) Cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) and Immunomodulatory peptide Thymopentin (TP5) having dynamic and potent anti-inflammatory activities without hemolytic effect. The biocompatible mechanism of CATH-2TP5 is favored to explore new methodologies in the direction of biomedical applications. In this retrospectively study, an antiendotoxin and anti-inflammatory hybrid peptide CATH-2TP5 was emulated into pPICZα-A and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). The recombinant CATH-2TP5 was purified through the Ni-affinity column and reversed-phase HPLC. The purified CATH-2TP5 peptide exhibited robust anti-endotoxin activity and significantly (p < 0.05) neutralized the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, the down-regulated effect of CATH-2TP was more pronounced (p < 0.05) on LPS-induced cytotoxic effects, nitric oxide secretion and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. As associated to control and parental peptide the number of apoptotic cells was also contracted with the treatment of CATH-2TP5. Thus, we concluded that CATH-2TP5 peptide may be used in various biomedical applications as a therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baseer Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- College of Life Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Amin ur Rehman
- College of Life Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gasthuys E, Houben R, Haesendonck R, De Baere S, Sys SU, Morrens J, Antonissen G. Development of an in Vivo Lipopolysaccharide Inflammation Model to Study the Pharmacodynamics of COX-2 Inhibitors Celecoxib, Mavacoxib, and Meloxicam in Cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:349-360. [PMID: 31833303 DOI: 10.1647/2018-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used frequently in avian medicine for their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties during surgery and for diseases that cause tissue damage and inflammation. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are responsible for the induction of pyresis, pain, and inflammation. In our study, a lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) pyresis model was optimized using cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) as subject birds (four males/three females) and validated in two females and one male, characterized by an intravenous bolus injection of LPS (7.5 mg/kg) administered at T0 and T24 (24 hours following the first LPS injection). To demonstrate the feasibility of the model to assess pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of different NSAIDs, mavacoxib 4 mg/kg (four males/four females), celecoxib 10 mg/kg (four males/four females) and meloxicam 1 mg/kg (four males/four females) were evaluated in the model at dosages used frequently in practice. The PD parameters (body temperature, mentation, posture, preference of location in the cage, and prostaglandin E2 [PGE2] plasma concentrations) were determined for 10 hours following the second LPS injection. At the doses evaluated, mavacoxib and celecoxib significantly reduced LPS-induced hypothermia, but had no clear effects on other clinical signs of illness. In contrast, no effect on hypothermia or clinical appearance was observed in the LPS-challenged cockatiels treated with meloxicam. All three NSAIDs were able to inhibit the increase in LPS-induced PGE2 plasma concentrations, yet the effect was most pronounced in the birds treated with meloxicam. Consequently, the presented model opens perspectives for future dose-effect PD studies to optimize analgesic protocols in cockatiels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gasthuys
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Renée Houben
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Roel Haesendonck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stanislas U Sys
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joachim Morrens
- VIB, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,IMEC, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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LEE SH, LEE H, KIM JC. Anti-inflammatory effect of water extracts obtained from doenjang in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyesook LEE
- College of Korean Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Sasidharan R, Sreedharannair Leelabaiamma M, Mohanan R, Jose SP, Mathew B, Sukumaran S. Anti-inflammatory effect of synthesized indole-based chalcone (2E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1 H-indol-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one: an in vitro and in vivo studies. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:568-576. [PMID: 31594421 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1672177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Chalcones are precursors of flavonoids with a wide range of pharmacological activities. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of indole based chalcone derivative (2E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1H-indol-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (IC9) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced acute model in rats.Materials and methods: LPS-treated RAW264.7 cell lines and carrageenan-induced animal model were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of IC9. The cell cytotoxicity studies were carried out by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and other inflammatory markers such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO) as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity were determined using ELISA. The RT-PCR was performed to determine mRNA expressions in the case of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and also nuclear translocation of NF-κB activity.Results: LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells showed an increased level of ROS generation and other inflammatory markers such as PGE2, NO level and COX-2 activity. Expression of iNOS, COX- 2 and TLR-4 mRNA expression were also up-regulated along with nuclear translocation of NF-κB. On IC9 supplementation, all the above parameters of LPS-activated cells were found to be reversed, resembling the control group. Moreover, IC9 significantly inhibited paw swelling and exhibited maximum inhibition of 78.45% at low dose of 7.5 mg/kg.bwt.Conclusions: The targeting anti-inflammatory efficacy and profound NF-κB sensitive transcriptional regulatory mechanism of IC9 accounts for its effective anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sasidharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | | | - Ratheesh Mohanan
- Departments of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Departments of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Sandya Sukumaran
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Kim TH, Kang MS, Mandakhbayar N, El-Fiqi A, Kim HW. Anti-inflammatory actions of folate-functionalized bioactive ion-releasing nanoparticles imply drug-free nanotherapy of inflamed tissues. Biomaterials 2019; 207:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fang G, Zhang Q, Pang Y, Thu HE, Hussain Z. Nanomedicines for improved targetability to inflamed synovium for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Multi-functionalization as an emerging strategy to optimize therapeutic efficacy. J Control Release 2019; 303:181-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Pharmacodynamics simulation of HOEC by a computational model of arachidonic acid metabolic network. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-018-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Koeberle A, Werz O. Natural products as inhibitors of prostaglandin E 2 and pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase-derived lipid mediator biosynthesis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1709-1723. [PMID: 29454981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostanoid formation and represent prevalent therapeutics for treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, NSAIDs are afflicted with severe side effects, which might be circumvented by more selective suppression of pro-inflammatory eicosanoid biosynthesis. This concept led to dual inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 and 5-lipoxygenase that are crucial enzymes in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 and leukotrienes. The potential of their dual inhibition in light of superior efficacy and safety is discussed. Focus is placed on natural products, for which direct inhibition of mPGES-1 and leukotriene biosynthesis has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena 07743, Germany.
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Morgenroth A, Vogg ATJ, Neumaier B, Mottaghy FM, Zlatopolskiy BD. Radioiodinated indomethacin amide for molecular imaging of cyclooxygenase-2 expressing tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18059-18069. [PMID: 28407689 PMCID: PMC5392307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important biomarker in several tumors. Available imaging probes display relatively low tumor to background ratios (smaller than 2:1). We evaluated newly developed indomethacin (Ind) derivatives for in vivo molecular imaging of COX-2 expressing carcinoma. Radioiodinated Ind derivatives Ind-NH-(CH2)4-NH-3-[I-125]I-Bz ([I-125]5), Ind-NH-(CH2)4-NH-5-[I-124/125]I-Nic ([I-124/125]6) and Ind-NH-(CH2)4-NH-5-[I-125]I-Iphth ([I-125]7) were prepared from the respective SnBu3-precursors (45-80% radiochemical yield; > 95% radiochemical purity). The cellular uptake of [I-125]5 and [I-125]6 correlated with COX-2 expression determined by SDS page/Western blot analysis. [I-125]5 was predominantly localized in the cell membrane while [I-125]6 was internalized and displayed a diffuse and favorable cytoplasmic distribution. In contrast, [I-125]7 showed only low uptake in COX-2 positive cells. Co-incubation with the COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib led to an almost complete suppression of cellular uptake of [I-125]5 and [I-125]6. In vivo molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) in SCID mice xenografted with COX-2+ (HT29) and COX-2- (HCT116) human colorectal carcinoma cells was performed for [I-124]6. HT29 xenografts displayed a significantly higher uptake than HCT-116 xenografts (5.6 ± 1.5 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1 kBq/g, P < 0.05) with an extraordinary high tumor to muscle ratio (50.3 ± 1.5). Immunohistological staining correlated with the imaging data. In conclusion, the novel radioiodinated indomethacin derivative ([I-124/125]6) could become a valuable tool for development of molecular imaging probes for visualization of COX-2 expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas T J Vogg
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Metabolism Research, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Research Center Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Metabolism Research, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Amdekar S, Parashar D, Alagarasu K. Chikungunya Virus-Induced Arthritis: Role of Host and Viral Factors in the Pathogenesis. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:691-702. [PMID: 28910194 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a member of Alphavirus genus, is responsible for chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterized by the presence of fever, rash, myalgia, and arthralgia. Reemergence of CHIKV has become a significant public health concern in Asian and African countries and is newly emerging in the Middle East, Pacific, American, and European countries. Cytokines, innate (monocytes, natural killer cells) and adaptive immune response (role of B cells and T cells i.e. CD4+ and CD8+), and/or viral factors contribute to CHIKV-induced arthritis. Vector factors such as vector competence (that includes extrinsic and intrinsic factors) and effect of genome mutations on viral replication and fitness in mosquitoes are responsible for the spread of virus, although they are not directly responsible for CHIKV-induced arthritis. CHIKV-induced arthritis mimics arthritis by involving joints and a common pattern of leukocyte infiltrate, cytokine production, and complement activation. Successful establishment of CHIKV infection and induction of arthritis depends on its ability to manipulate host cellular processes or host factors. CHIKV-induced joint damage is due to host inflammatory response mediated by macrophages, T cells, and antibodies, as well as the possible persistence of the virus in hidden sites. This review provides insight into mechanisms of CHIKV-induced arthritis. Understanding the pathogenesis of CHIKV-induced arthritis will help in developing novel strategies to predict and prevent the disease in virus-infected subjects and combat the disease, thereby decreasing the worldwide burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Amdekar
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology , Pune, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- Dengue/Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology , Pune, India
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Abstract
Single-target inhibition is an unsatisfactory therapeutic option to treat multifactorial pathologies, brought into limelight 'paradox of inflammation' beside dearth of innovation, rationalizes a shift toward 'multiple-target' design concept in anti-inflammatory research field. To improvise, two platform strategies, drugs mixture or multitarget drugs, are plausible. Dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor 'licofelone' developed after the backfire of rofecoxib due to safety concerns has fetched first light of triumph of the latter strategy. As hitting multiple targets in restraint is perhaps more viable strategy rather than single target, this review, outlines the most germane multiple target agents of synthetic and natural origin placing clear advantage in favors of multitarget strategy as real therapeutic solution for inflammation.
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Dong D, Zhou NN, Liu RX, Xiong JW, Pan H, Sun SQ, Ma L, Wang R. Sarsasapogenin-AA13 inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophage cells in vitro and relieves dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:699-709. [PMID: 28239159 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarsasapogenin-AA13 (AA13) is a novel synthetic derivative of sarsasapogenin extracted from the Chinese herb Rhizoma Anemarrhenae. In this study we investigated the effects of AA13 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory factors in macrophage cells and the anti-inflammatory activity of AA13 in an inflammatory model of dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema. Macrophage cells (RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages) were exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL); pretreatment with AA13 (5-20 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α and PGE2, and LPS-stimulated expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS. Furthermore, pretreatment with AA13 dose-dependently suppressed LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, but had no effect on ERK in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, pretreatment with AA13 inhibited LPS-induced activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB in RAW264.7 cells. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of AA13 was demonstrated in a mouse inflammatory model: pre-treatment with either AA13 (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) or a positive control antifani (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 3 d significantly relieved dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema. Our results demonstrate that AA13 effectively inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophage cells in vitro and relieve dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in vivo.
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Giacoppo S, Rajan TS, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The α-cyclodextrin complex of the Moringa isothiocyanate suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells through Akt and p38 inhibition. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:487-503. [PMID: 28289752 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a growing need to discover new compounds for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases has led researchers to consider drugs derived from natural products as a valid option in the treatment of inflammation-associated disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a new formulation of Moringa oleifera-derived 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate as a complex with alpha-cyclodextrin (moringin + α-CD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, a common model used for inflammation studies. In buffered/aqueous solution, the moringin + α-CD complex has enhanced the water solubility and stability of this isothiocyanate by forming a stable inclusion system. Our results showed that moringin + α-CD inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), by preventing IκB-α phosphorylation, translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and also via the suppression of Akt and p38 phosphorylation. In addition, as a consequence of upstream inhibition of the inflammatory pathway following treatment with moringin + α-CD, the modulation of the oxidative stress (results focused on the expression of iNOS and nitrotyrosine) and apoptotic pathway (Bax and Bcl-2) was demonstrated. Therefore, moringin + α-CD appears to be a new relevant helpful tool to use in clinical practice for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
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Daure E, Ross L, Webster CRL. Gastroduodenal Ulceration in Small Animals: Part 1. Pathophysiology and Epidemiology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:1-10. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals is a complex and important comorbidity that occurs when the physiological homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted secondary to administration of medications or the presence of local or systemic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the veterinary literature regarding the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors associated with gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals. Pertinent concepts from the human literature will be integrated into the discussion. This article serves as an introduction to the second part of this series, which will review current evidence regarding the use of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evence Daure
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
| | - Linda Ross
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
| | - Cynthia R. L. Webster
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
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Sanjeewa KKA, Fernando IPS, Kim EA, Ahn G, Jee Y, Jeon YJ. Anti-inflammatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an enzymatic digest of brown seaweed Sargassum horneri in RAW 264.7 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 11:3-10. [PMID: 28194259 PMCID: PMC5300944 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sargassum horneri is an edible brown alga that grows in the subtidal zone as an annual species along the coasts of South Korea, China, and Japan. Recently, an extreme amount of S. horneri moved into the coasts of Jeju Island from the east coast of China, which made huge economic and environmental loss to the Jeju Island. Thus, utilization of this biomass becomes a big issue with the local authorities. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of crude polysaccharides (CPs) extracted from S. horneri China strain in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS CPs were precipitated from S. horneri digests prepared by enzyme assistant extraction using four food-grade enzymes (AMG, Celluclast, Viscozyme, and Alcalase). The production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β were measured by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured by using western blot. The IR spectrums of the CPs were recorded using a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometer. RESULTS The polysaccharides from the Celluclast enzyme digest (CCP) showed the highest inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 value: 95.7 µg/mL). Also, CCP dose-dependently down-regulated the protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, compared to the only LPS-treated cells. In addition, CCP inhibited the activation of NF-κB p50 and p65 and the phosphorylation of MAPKs, including p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis showed that the FT-IR spectrum of CCP is similar to that of commercial fucoidan. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CCP has anti-inflammatory activities and is a potential candidate for the formulation of a functional food ingredient or/and drug to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu Kapuge Asanka Sanjeewa
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ilekkuttige Priyan Shanura Fernando
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea
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Assessing gastric toxicity of xanthone derivatives of anti-inflammatory activity using simulation and experimental approaches. Biophys Chem 2016; 220:20-33. [PMID: 27846425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Xanthones are tricyclic compounds of natural or synthetic origin exhibiting a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities. Three synthetic xanthone derivatives (KS1, KS2, and KS3) with properties typical for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were objects of the presented model study. NSAIDs are in common use however; several of them exhibit gastric toxicity predominantly resulting from their direct interactions with the outermost lipid layer of the gastric mucosa that impair its hydrophobic barrier property. Among the studied xanthones, gastric toxicity of only KS2 has been determined in previous pharmacological studies, and it is low. In this study, carried out using X-ray diffraction and computer simulation, a palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayer (POPC-Chol) was used as a model of a hydrophobic layer of lipids protecting gastric mucosa as POPC and Chol are the main lipids in human mucus. X-ray diffraction data were used to validate the computer model. The aim of the study was to assess potential gastric toxicity of the xanthones by analysing their atomic level interactions with lipids, ions, and water in the lipid bilayer and their effect on the bilayer physicochemical properties. The results show that xanthones have small effect on the bilayer properties except for its rigidity whereas their interactions with water, ions, and lipids depend on their protonation state and for a given state, are similar for all the xanthones. As gastric toxicity of KS2 is low, based on MD simulations one can predict that toxicity of KS1 and KS3 is also low.
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Burkett BN, Thomason JM, Hurdle HM, Wills RW, Fontenot RL. Effects of Firocoxib, Flunixin Meglumine, and Phenylbutazone on Platelet Function and Thromboxane Synthesis in Healthy Horses. Vet Surg 2016; 45:1087-1094. [PMID: 27731498 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on platelet function and thromboxane synthesis immediately after drug administration and following 5 days of NSAID administration in healthy horses. STUDY DESIGN Randomized cross-over study. ANIMALS Healthy adult horses (n=9; 6 geldings and 3 mares). METHODS Horses received either flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg IV every 12 hours), phenylbutazone (2.2 mg/kg IV every 12 hours), or firocoxib (loading dose of 0.27 mg/kg IV on day 1, then 0.09 mg/kg IV every 24 hours for 4 days) for a total of 5 days. Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration (day 0), 1 hour after initial NSAID administration (day 1), and then 1 hour post-NSAID administration on day 5. Platelet function was assessed using turbidimetric aggregometry and a platelet function analyzer. Serum thromboxane B2 concentrations were determined by commercial ELISA kit. A minimum 14 day washout period occurred between trials. RESULTS At 1 hour and 5 days postadministration of firocoxib, flunixin meglumine, or phenylbutazone, there was no significant effect on platelet aggregation or function using turbidimetric aggregometry or a platelet function analyzer. There was, however, a significant decrease in thromboxane synthesis at 1 hour and 5 days postadministration of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone that was not seen with firocoxib. CONCLUSION Preoperative administration of flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, or firocoxib should not inhibit platelet function based on our model. The clinical implications of decreased thromboxane B2 synthesis following flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone administration are undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna N Burkett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - John M Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Holly M Hurdle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Robert W Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Robin L Fontenot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi.
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Eslamian L, Gholami H, Mortazavi SAR, Soheilifar S. Effect of 5% benzocaine gel on relieving pain caused by fixed orthodontic appliance activation. A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 19:190-197. [PMID: 27659276 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effectiveness of 5% benzocaine gel and placebo gel on reducing pain caused by fixed orthodontic appliance activation. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Thirty subjects (15-25 years) undergoing fixed orthodontics. METHODS AND MATERIALS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and cross-over clinical trial study was conducted. Subjects were asked to apply a placebo gel and 5% benzocaine gel, exchangeable in two consecutive appointments, twice a day for 3 days and mark their level of pain on a VAS scale. The pain severity was evaluated by means of Mann-Whitney U-test for comparing two gel groups, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test for overall differences and post hoc test of Dunnett for paired multiple comparisons. p-value was assigned <0.05. RESULTS The overall mean value of pain intensity for benzocaine and placebo gels was 0.89 and 1.15, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U-test indicated that there was no significant difference between overall pain in both groups (mean difference = 0.258 p ˂ 0.21). For both groups, pain intensity was significantly lower at 2, 6 and 24 h compared with pain experienced at days 2, 3 and 7. CONCLUSION Benzocaine gel caused a decrease in pain perception at 2 h compared with placebo gel. Peak pain intensity was at 2 h for placebo gel and at 6 h for benzocaine gel, followed by a decline in pain perception from that point to day 7 for both gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eslamian
- Professor of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences & Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Gholami
- DDS, Dr med dent, MAS ITI Scholar at Tufts University, School of dental medicine
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Pharmacy Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Soheilifar
- Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
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Ko EY, Yoon WJ, Lee HW, Heo SJ, Ko YH, Fernando IPS, Cho K, Lee CH, Hur SP, Cho SH, Ahn G, Kim D, Kim KN. Anti-inflammatory effect of supercritical extract and its constituents from Ishige okamurae. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:434-445. [PMID: 27822172 PMCID: PMC5083965 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory properties of the supercritical fluid extract of Ishige okamurae (SFEIO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. The lipid profile of the SFEIO, reviled the presence of palmitic acid (220.2 mg/g), linoleic acid (168.0 mg/g), and oleic acid (123.0 mg/g). SFEIO was found to exert it's anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, without inducing cytotoxicity. SFEIO did not effect on the LPS-induced p38 kinase phosphorylation, whereas it attenuated the extracellular-related signaling kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, SFEIO inhibited the LPS-induced IκB-α degradation and p50 NF-κB activation. These results suggest that SFEIO exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by down-regulating the activation of ERK, JNK, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yi Ko
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, 699-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Lee
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 503-360, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ko
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - I P Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Cho
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Heon Lee
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Cho
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-74, Republic Korea
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
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Chae HS, Song HH, Kim YM, Lee HK, Oh SR, Chin YW. Euphorbia supina inhibits inflammatory mediators in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:966-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Huang KC, Huang TW, Yang TY, Lee MS. Chronic NSAIDs Use Increases the Risk of a Second Hip Fracture in Patients After Hip Fracture Surgery: Evidence From a STROBE-Compliant Population-Based Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1566. [PMID: 26402817 PMCID: PMC4635757 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) control musculoskeletal pain, but they also cause adverse side effects. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of chronic NSAIDs use on the risk of a second hip fracture (SHFx) after hip fracture surgery. This population-based case-cohort study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), which contains data from >99% of the population. From a random sample of 1 million enrollees, we identified 34,725 patients ≥40 years who sustained a first hip fracture and underwent hip fracture surgery between 1999 and 2009. Chronic NSAIDs use is defined as taking NSAIDs for at least 14 days a month for at least 3 months. The main outcome measure is an SHFx. Propensity-score matching was used to control for confounding. Our results revealed that chronic NSAIDs use was a significant risk factor for an SHFx in patients after hip fracture surgery and for adverse side effects that might last for 12 months. Compared with the nonchronic-use cohort (n = 29,764), the adjusted hazard ratio of an SHFx was 2.15 (95% CI: 2.07-2.33) for the chronic-use cohort (n = 4961). The 10-year Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that chronic NSAIDs use presented a positive year-postsurgery-dependency effect on the risk of an SHFx in all the selected subgroups of patients (all P ≤ 0.011). In conclusion, chronic NSAIDs use increases the risk of an SHFx after hip fracture surgery. Avoiding chronic NSAIDs use must be emphasized in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chin Huang
- From the College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (KCH, TWH, MSL); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan (KCH, TWH, TYY); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (MSL)
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Widowati W, Rusmana D, Elisabeth M, Fauziah N, Maesaroh M. Inhibition of Inflammatory Agent Production by Ethanol Extract and Eugenol of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Flower Bud (Clove) in LPS-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2015.264.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as an angelus custos to rescue patients from NSAID-induced gastroduodenal damage. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:614-25. [PMID: 25578017 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-1034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammat ory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the drug types frequently prescribed for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic actions, but carry a risk of major gastroduodenal damage from mild erosive changes to serious ulceration leading to fatal outcomes. From the long history of willow tree bark and its extracts being applied for the relief of pain and fever, the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid, the development of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors (coxibs), and the identification of a G-protein-coupled receptor for prostaglandin, the popular combination regimen of an NSAID and a proton pump inhibitor was invented, but development was continued for further improvement. With regard to major NSAID adverse effects, gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (CV) risks still remained as problems to be solved. In this review, it is shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) based NSAIDs can be an angelus custos, supported with facts that an intake of essential n-3 PUFAs orchestrates concerted protective actions against two notorious side effects of NSAIDs, the aforementioned GI risk and CV risk of NSAIDs. Since pills containing n-3 PUFAs, omega-3-acid ethyl ester capsules (Lovaza, Omarcor), have already been safely prescribed to prevent atherosclerosis through lessening lipid burdening, the introduction of a drug delivery system such as a gastroretentive form of n-3 PUFA based NSAIDs will highlight newer hope for GI safety under the guarantee of reduced CV risk. Because n-3 PUFAs have been proven to attenuate cytotoxicity, inhibit lipid-raft-associated harmful signaling, and relieve oxidative stress relevant to NSAIDs, n-3 PUFA based NSAIDs will be next-generation GI-safe NSAIDs.
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Cheng ML, Wang HC, Hsu KC, Hwang JS. Anti-inflammatory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of tuna cooking juice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1036352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Cheng
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, 129 Sec. 3, Sanmin Rd., Taichung 40401, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Chi Wang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, 129 Sec. 3, Sanmin Rd., Taichung 40401, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chiang Hsu
- School of Nutrition and Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jyh-Sheng Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, No.1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Olorunnisola OS, Adetutu A, Afolayan AJ. An inventory of plants commonly used in the treatment of some disease conditions in Ogbomoso, South West, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:60-8. [PMID: 25435287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study was designed to take an inventory of medicinal plants, recipes and methods commonly used traditionally to treat some cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases in five local government areas in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. MATERIAL AND METHODS First-hand field survey through semi-structured questionnaire was employed in the 5 months study. RESULTS A total of 101 plant species (medicinal plants (80.90%), spices (17.5%) and vegetables (1.53%)) belonging to 51 different families were mentioned for the treatment of various types of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. The survey revealed that 51.5% of the plants mentioned are used for the management of inflammatory diseases, 34.7% for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and 11.9% of the plants are used for the treatment of both diseases. Euphorbiaceae (7.9%) are the most frequently used families of plants for the treatment of the various types of diseases mentioned, followed by Caesalpiaceae, (4.9%), Apocynoceae (4.9%) and Poaceae (4.9%). Fifty-nine recipes are usually prepared for the treatment of the six types of inflammatory diseases while twenty-three recipes are reportedly used for the treatment of the four types of cardiovascular diseases mentioned in this study. The recipes covered in the survey were mostly prepared from leaves (37.6%) and roots (23.8%) decoction or infusions. Medications are mostly administered orally with few numbers of the recipes showing side effect. CONCLUSION The study has documented indigenous plants in Ogbomoso as a potential source for the development of new drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Olorunnisola
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Center. University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A Adetutu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A J Afolayan
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Center. University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Diallyl trisulfide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:487-95. [PMID: 25500681 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS; di‑2‑propen‑1‑yl trisulfide) is an organic polysulfide compound found in garlic and other allium vegetables. Although certain studies have demonstrated that DATS possesses strong anti‑inflammatory activity, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory potential of DATS was investigated using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell model. At non‑toxic concentrations, DATS inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by inhibiting inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‑2 expression at the transcriptional level in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. DATS attenuated the release of the pro‑inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1β, by inhibiting mRNA expression, respectively. DATS also suppressed LPS‑induced DNA‑binding activity of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB), as well as the nuclear translocation of the NF‑κB p65, which correlated with the inhibitory effects of DATS on inhibitor κB (IκB) degradation. In addition, DATS was observed to significantly suppress LPS‑induced Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression and the binding of LPS to macrophages, indicating the antagonistic effect of DATS against TLR4. Furthermore, blocking TLR4 signaling with the specific TLR4 signaling inhibitor, CLI‑095, increased the anti‑inflammatory potential of DATS in LPS‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These data demonstrate that DATS may attenuate the initiation of LPS‑mediated intracellular signaling cascades by suppressing activation of NF‑κB and by inhibiting binding of LPS to TLR4 on macrophages.
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Byun MW. Schizonepeta tenuifolia ethanol extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of TLR4 signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells. J Med Food 2014; 17:350-6. [PMID: 24650252 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide in both men and women. Schizonepeta tenuifolia (ST) exerts a wide range of physiological activities and has been found to possess beneficial efficacies against inflammation-related diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory activity remain to be elucidated. We investigated the molecular basis for the downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction by ST ethanol extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. In this study, ST ethanol extract (100 μg/mL) did not induce cell cytotoxicity and was used in all the following experiments. Treatment of LPS-stimulated macrophages with ST ethanol extract resulted in a significant decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 levels, and inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated NO production. LPS-induced expression of cell surface molecules (CD80 and CD86) and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) were inhibited by ST ethanol extract. Further, we also found that the anti-inflammatory activities of ST ethanol extract was caused by inhibition of LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38, and the translocation of nuclear factor κB through TLR4 in macrophages. Thus, ST ethanol extract may possess novel and potent therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Woo Byun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Woosong University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Choi YH, Kim GY, Lee HH. Anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through Toll-like receptor 4-mediated suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB signaling pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1941-53. [PMID: 25342887 PMCID: PMC4206205 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin is the main functional component of the Cordyceps species, which has been widely used in traditional Oriental medicine. This compound possesses many pharmacological properties, such as an ability to enhance immune function, as well as antioxidant, antiaging, and anticancer effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin using a murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell model. Our data demonstrated that cordycepin suppressed production of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by inhibiting inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. Cordycepin also inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1-beta, through downregulation of respective mRNA expression. In addition, pretreatment with cordycepin significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activating protein kinases and attenuated nuclear translocation of NF-κB by LPS, which was associated with abrogation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha degradation. Furthermore, cordycepin potently inhibited the binding of LPS to macrophages and LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression. Taken together, the results suggest that the inhibitory effects of cordycepin on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages are associated with suppression of mitogen-activating protein kinases and activation of NF-κB by inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea ; Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Lee
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Anti-inflammatory potential of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia. Molecules 2014; 19:16609-23. [PMID: 25322283 PMCID: PMC6270807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol (SMBD) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia and the subsequent signaling events. Following stimulation with LPS, elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was detected in BV2 cells; however, SMBD pretreatment inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 through suppressing gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively, at non-toxic concentrations. LPS-stimulated gene expression and production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also significantly reduced by SMBD. The anti-inflammatory effects of SMBD were associated with suppression of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effector. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that SMBD down-regulates inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB through interference with the activation of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that SMBD may have potential to be developed into an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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50
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Niu X, Mu Q, Li W, Yao H, Li H, Huang H. Esculentic acid, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:532-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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