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Trevino AD, Jamil B, Su J, Aliev F, Elam KK, Lemery-Chalfant K. Alcohol Use Disorder Polygenic Risk Scores and Trajectories of Early Adolescent Externalizing Behaviors: Examining the Role of Parenting and Family Conflict in the Racially/Ethnically Diverse ABCD Sample. Behav Genet 2024; 54:101-118. [PMID: 37792148 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the independent and interactive effects of alcohol use disorder genome-wide polygenic scores (AUD-PGS) and parenting and family conflict on early adolescent externalizing behaviors. Data were drawn from White (N = 6181, 46.9% female), Black/African American (N = 1784, 50.1% female), and Hispanic/Latinx (N = 2410, 48.0% female) youth from the adolescent brain cognitive development Study (ABCD). Parents reported on youth externalizing behaviors at baseline (T1, age 9/10), 1-year (T2, age 10/11) and 2-year (T3, age 11/12) assessments. Youth reported on parenting and family environment at T1 and provided saliva or blood samples for genotyping. Results from latent growth models indicated that in general externalizing behaviors decreased from T1 to T3. Across all groups, higher family conflict was associated with more externalizing behaviors at T1, and we did not find significant associations between parental monitoring and early adolescent externalizing behaviors. Parental acceptance was associated with lower externalizing behaviors among White and Hispanic youth, but not among Black youth. Results indicated no significant main effect of AUD-PGS nor interaction effect between AUD-PGS and family variables on early adolescent externalizing behaviors. Post hoc exploratory analysis uncovered an interaction between AUD-PGS and parental acceptance such that AUD-PGS was positively associated with externalizing rule-breaking behaviors among Hispanic youth, but only when parental acceptance was very low. Findings highlight the important role of family conflict and parental acceptance in externalizing behaviors among early adolescents, and emphasize the need to examine other developmental pathways underlying genetic risk for AUD across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel D Trevino
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Belal Jamil
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kit K Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Marceau K. The role of parenting in developmental trajectories of risk for adolescent substance use: a bioecological systems cascade model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1277419. [PMID: 38054168 PMCID: PMC10694242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenting is a key influence and prevention target for adolescent substance use, and changes dramatically in form and function during adolescence. This theoretical synthesis reviews evidence of associations of substance use-specific parenting behaviors, dimensions, and styles with adolescent substance use, and integrates key developmental and family theories (e.g., bioecological, dynamical systems, family systems, developmental cascades) and methodological-conceptual advances to illustrate the complex role that parenting plays for the development of adolescent substance use in combination with child and contextual influences. The resulting bioecological systems cascade model centers the dynamic co-development of parenting and child influences in developmental cascades that lead to more or less risk for adolescent substance use. These trajectories are initiated by intergenerational influences, including genetics, parents' familial environments, and child-parent attachment. Culture and context influences are a holistic backdrop shaping parent-adolescent trajectories. Parenting is influences are conceptualized as a complex process by which specific parenting behaviors are informed by and accumulate into parenting dimensions which together comprise general parenting styles and are informed by the broader family context. The co-development of parenting and child biobehavioral risk is shaped by both parents and children, including by the genetics and environments they do and do not share. This co-development is dynamic, and developmental transitions of individuals and the family lead to periods of increased lability or variability that can change the longer-term trajectories of children's risk for substance use. Methodological avenues for future studies to operationalize the model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Poore HE, Hatoum A, Mallard TT, Sanchez-Roige S, Waldman ID, Palmer AA, Paige Harden K, Barr PB, Dick DM. A multivariate approach to understanding the genetic overlap between externalizing phenotypes and substance use disorders. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13319. [PMID: 37644899 PMCID: PMC11010459 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are phenotypically and genetically correlated with each other and with other psychological traits characterized by behavioural under-control, termed externalizing phenotypes. In this study, we used genomic structural equation modelling to explore the shared genetic architecture among six externalizing phenotypes and four SUDs used in two previous multivariate genome-wide association studies of an externalizing and an addiction risk factor, respectively. We first evaluated five confirmatory factor analytic models, including a common factor model, alternative parameterizations of two-factor structures and a bifactor model. We next explored the genetic correlations between factors identified in these models and other relevant psychological traits. Finally, we quantified the degree of polygenic overlap between externalizing and addiction risk using MiXeR. We found that the common and two-factor structures provided the best fit to the data, evidenced by high factor loadings, good factor reliability and no evidence of concerning model characteristics. The two-factor models yielded high genetic correlations between factors (rg s ≥ 0.87), and between the effect sizes of genetic correlations with external traits (rg ≥ 0.95). Nevertheless, 21 of the 84 correlations with external criteria showed small, significant differences between externalizing and addiction risk factors. MiXer results showed that approximately 81% of influential externalizing variants were shared with addiction risk, whereas addiction risk shared 56% of its influential variants with externalizing. These results suggest that externalizing and addiction genetic risk are largely shared, though both constructs also retain meaningful unshared genetic variance. These results can inform future efforts to identify specific genetic influences on externalizing and SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E. Poore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Travis T. Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Irwin D. Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Peter B. Barr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Barr PB, Bigdeli TB, Meyers JL, Peterson RE, Sanchez-Roige S, Mallard TT, Dick DM, Paige Harden K, Wilkinson A, Graham DP, Nielsen DA, Swann A, Lipsky RK, Kosten T, Aslan M, Harvey PD, Kimbrel NA, Beckham JC. Correlates of Risk for Disinhibited Behaviors in the Million Veteran Program Cohort. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.22.23286865. [PMID: 37034805 PMCID: PMC10081391 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.23286865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Many psychiatric outcomes are thought to share a common etiological pathway reflecting behavioral disinhibition, generally referred to as externalizing disorders (EXT). Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated the overlap between EXT and important aspects of veterans' health, such as suicide-related behaviors, substance use disorders, and other medical conditions. Methods We conducted a series of phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of polygenic scores (PGS) for EXT, and comorbid psychiatric problems (depression, schizophrenia, and suicide attempt) in an ancestrally diverse cohort of U.S. veterans (N = 560,824), using diagnostic codes from electronic health records. We conducted ancestry-specific PheWASs of EXT PGS in the European, African, and Hispanic/Latin American ancestries. To determine if associations were driven by risk for other comorbid problems, we performed a conditional PheWAS, covarying for comorbid psychiatric problems (European ancestries only). Lastly, to adjust for unmeasured confounders we performed a within-family analysis of significant associations from the main PheWAS in full-siblings (N = 12,127, European ancestries only). Results The EXT PGS was associated with 619 outcomes across all bodily systems, of which, 188 were independent of risk for comorbid problems of PGS. Effect sizes ranged from OR = 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.03) for overweight/obesity to OR = 1.44 (95% CI = 1.42, 1.47) for viral hepatitis C. Of the significant outcomes 73 (11.9%) and 26 (4.5%) were significant in the African and Hispanic/Latin American results, respectively. Within-family analyses uncovered robust associations between EXT and consequences of substance use disorders, including liver disease, chronic airway obstruction, and viral hepatitis C. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a shared polygenic basis of EXT across populations of diverse ancestries and independent of risk for other psychiatric problems. The strongest associations with EXT were for diagnoses related to substance use disorders and their sequelae. Overall, we highlight the potential negative consequences of EXT for health and functioning in the US veteran population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Barr
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Travis T. Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - David P. Graham
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David A. Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alan Swann
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Rachele K. Lipsky
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Thomas Kosten
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mihaela Aslan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Philip D. Harvey
- Research Service, Bruce W. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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5
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Paulich KN, Freis SM, Dokuru DR, Alexander JD, Vrieze SI, Corley RP, McGue M, Hewitt JK, Stallings MC. Exploring Relationships Between Internalizing Problems and Risky Sexual Behavior: A Twin Study. Behav Genet 2023; 53:331-347. [PMID: 37165251 PMCID: PMC11138211 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous research links risky sexual behavior (RSB) to externalizing problems and to substance use, but little research has been conducted on relationships between internalizing problems (INT) and RSB. The current study addresses that literature gap, using both a twin sample from Colorado (N = 2567) and a second twin sample from Minnesota (N = 1131) in attempt to replicate initial results. We explored the hypothesis that the latent variable INT would be more strongly associated with the latent variable RSB for females than for males, examining relationships between INT and RSB via phenotypic confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate twin analyses. We found a small but significant phenotypic association between the latent variables. However, despite using two large twin samples, limited power restricted our ability to identify the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying this association. Our sex differences hypothesis was not fully supported in either sample and requires further investigation. Our findings illustrate the complexity of the relationship between internalizing problems and risky sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie N Paulich
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Samantha M Freis
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Deepika R Dokuru
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Scott I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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6
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Tanksley PT, Brislin SJ, Wertz J, de Vlaming R, Courchesne-Krak NS, Mallard TT, Raffington LL, Linnér RK, Koellinger P, Palmer A, Sanchez-Roige A, Waldman I, Dick D, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Harden KP. Do polygenic indices capture "direct" effects on child externalizing behavior? Within-family analyses in two longitudinal birth cohorts. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.31.23290802. [PMID: 37398155 PMCID: PMC10312898 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.23290802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Behaviors and disorders characterized by difficulties with self-regulation, such as problematic substance use, antisocial behavior, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), incur high costs for individuals, families, and communities. These externalizing behaviors often appear early in the life course and can have far-reaching consequences. Researchers have long been interested in direct measurements of genetic risk for externalizing behaviors, which can be incorporated alongside other known risk factors to improve efforts at early identification and intervention. In a preregistered analysis drawing on data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; N = 2,824 parent-child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the UK, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic effects on externalizing behavior that are unbiased by the common sources of environmental confounding. Results are consistent with the conclusion that an externalizing polygenic index (PGI) captures causal effects of genetic variants on externalizing problems in children and adolescents, with an effect size that is comparable to those observed for other established risk factors in the research literature on externalizing behavior. Additionally, we find that polygenic associations vary across development (peaking from age 5-10 years), that parental genetics (assortment and parent-specific effects) and family-level covariates affect prediction little, and that sex differences in polygenic prediction are present but only detectable using within-family comparisons. Based on these findings, we believe that the PGI for externalizing behavior is a promising means for studying the development of disruptive behaviors across child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Tanksley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jasmin Wertz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ronald de Vlaming
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Travis T Mallard
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurel L Raffington
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Koellinger
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Population Health & Aging, Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Population Health & Aging, Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Dash GF, Karalunas SL, Kenyon EA, Carter EK, Mooney MA, Nigg JT, Feldstein Ewing SW. Gene-by-Environment Interaction Effects of Social Adversity on Externalizing Behavior in ABCD Youth. Behav Genet 2023; 53:219-231. [PMID: 36795263 PMCID: PMC9933005 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether multiple domains of social adversity, including neighborhood opportunity/deprivation and life stress, moderate genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) influences on externalizing behaviors in 760 same-sex twin pairs (332 monozygotic; 428 dizygotic) ages 10-11 from the ABCD Study. Proportion of C influences on externalizing behavior increased at higher neighborhood adversity (lower overall opportunity). A decreased and C and E increased at lower levels of educational opportunity. A increased at lower health-environment and social-economic opportunity levels. For life stress, A decreased and E increased with number of experienced events. Results for educational opportunity and stressful life experiences suggest a bioecological gene-environment interaction pattern such that environmental influences predominate at higher levels of adversity, whereas limited access to healthcare, housing, and employment stability may potentiate genetic liability for externalizing behavior via a diathesis-stress mechanism. More detailed operationalization of social adversity in gene-environment interaction studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F Dash
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, 320 S. 6th St. Columbia, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Sarah L Karalunas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emily A Kenyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily K Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- MPI ABCD - Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Site, Portland, USA
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8
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Meijer M, Franke B, Sandi C, Klein M. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in externalizing behaviours: A review and combined analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:104997. [PMID: 36566803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) is one of the most frequently studied epigenetic mechanisms facilitating the interplay of genomic and environmental factors, which can contribute to externalizing behaviours and related psychiatric disorders. Previous epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for externalizing behaviours have been limited in sample size, and, therefore, candidate genes and biomarkers with robust evidence are still lacking. We 1) performed a systematic literature review of EWAS of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- and aggression-related behaviours conducted in peripheral tissue and cord blood and 2) combined the most strongly associated DNAm sites observed in individual studies (p < 10-3) to identify candidate genes and biological systems for ADHD and aggressive behaviours. We observed enrichment for neuronal processes and neuronal cell marker genes for ADHD. Astrocyte and granulocytes cell markers among genes annotated to DNAm sites were relevant for both ADHD and aggression-related behaviours. Only 1 % of the most significant epigenetic findings for ADHD/ADHD symptoms were likely to be directly explained by genetic factors involved in ADHD. Finally, we discuss how the field would greatly benefit from larger sample sizes and harmonization of assessment instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Meijer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Behavioural Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioural Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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9
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Odintsova VV, Hagenbeek FA, van der Laan CM, van de Weijer S, Boomsma DI. Genetics and epigenetics of human aggression. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 197:13-44. [PMID: 37633706 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821375-9.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial variation between humans in aggressive behavior, with its biological etiology and molecular genetic basis mostly unknown. This review chapter offers an overview of genomic and omics studies revealing the genetic contribution to aggression and first insights into associations with epigenetic and other omics (e.g., metabolomics) profiles. We allowed for a broad phenotype definition including studies on "aggression," "aggressive behavior," or "aggression-related traits," "antisocial behavior," "conduct disorder," and "oppositional defiant disorder." Heritability estimates based on family and twin studies in children and adults of this broadly defined phenotype of aggression are around 50%, with relatively small fluctuations around this estimate. Next, we review the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which search for associations with alleles and also allow for gene-based tests and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) which seek to identify associations with differently methylated regions across the genome. Both GWAS and EWAS allow for construction of Polygenic and DNA methylation scores at an individual level. Currently, these predict a small percentage of variance in aggression. We expect that increases in sample size will lead to additional discoveries in GWAS and EWAS, and that multiomics approaches will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika V Odintsova
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mental Health Division, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona A Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mental Health Division, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel M van der Laan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steve van de Weijer
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs globally. Hazardous drinking, defined by quantity and frequency of consumption, is associated with acute and chronic morbidity. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are psychiatric syndromes characterized by impaired control over drinking and other symptoms. Contemporary aetiological perspectives on AUDs apply a biopsychosocial framework that emphasizes the interplay of genetics, neurobiology, psychology, and an individual's social and societal context. There is strong evidence that AUDs are genetically influenced, but with a complex polygenic architecture. Likewise, there is robust evidence for environmental influences, such as adverse childhood exposures and maladaptive developmental trajectories. Well-established biological and psychological determinants of AUDs include neuroadaptive changes following persistent use, differences in brain structure and function, and motivational determinants including overvaluation of alcohol reinforcement, acute effects of environmental triggers and stress, elevations in multiple facets of impulsivity, and lack of alternative reinforcers. Social factors include bidirectional roles of social networks and sociocultural influences, such as public health control strategies and social determinants of health. An array of evidence-based approaches for reducing alcohol harms are available, including screening, pharmacotherapies, psychological interventions and policy strategies, but are substantially underused. Priorities for the field include translating advances in basic biobehavioural research into novel clinical applications and, in turn, promoting widespread implementation of evidence-based clinical approaches in practice and health-care systems.
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11
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Barr PB, Driver MN, Kuo SIC, Stephenson M, Aliev F, Linnér RK, Marks J, Anokhin AP, Bucholz K, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Edwards AC, Francis MW, Hancock DB, Harden KP, Kamarajan C, Kaprio J, Kinreich S, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Latvala A, Meyers JL, Palmer AA, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Rose RJ, Schuckit MA, Salvatore JE, Dick DM. Clinical, environmental, and genetic risk factors for substance use disorders: characterizing combined effects across multiple cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4633-4641. [PMID: 36195638 PMCID: PMC9938102 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) incur serious social and personal costs. The risk for SUDs is complex, with risk factors ranging from social conditions to individual genetic variation. We examined whether models that include a clinical/environmental risk index (CERI) and polygenic scores (PGS) are able to identify individuals at increased risk of SUD in young adulthood across four longitudinal cohorts for a combined sample of N = 15,134. Our analyses included participants of European (NEUR = 12,659) and African (NAFR = 2475) ancestries. SUD outcomes included: (1) alcohol dependence, (2) nicotine dependence; (3) drug dependence, and (4) any substance dependence. In the models containing the PGS and CERI, the CERI was associated with all three outcomes (ORs = 01.37-1.67). PGS for problematic alcohol use, externalizing, and smoking quantity were associated with alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and nicotine dependence, respectively (OR = 1.11-1.33). PGS for problematic alcohol use and externalizing were also associated with any substance dependence (ORs = 1.09-1.18). The full model explained 6-13% of the variance in SUDs. Those in the top 10% of CERI and PGS had relative risk ratios of 3.86-8.04 for each SUD relative to the bottom 90%. Overall, the combined measures of clinical, environmental, and genetic risk demonstrated modest ability to distinguish between affected and unaffected individuals in young adulthood. PGS were significant but added little in addition to the clinical/environmental risk index. Results from our analysis demonstrate there is still considerable work to be done before tools such as these are ready for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Morgan N Driver
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jesse Marks
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Meredith W Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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12
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Eilertsen EM, Cheesman R, Ayorech Z, Røysamb E, Pingault J, Njølstad PR, Andreassen OA, Havdahl A, McAdams TA, Torvik FA, Ystrøm E. On the importance of parenting in externalizing disorders: an evaluation of indirect genetic effects in families. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1186-1195. [PMID: 35778910 PMCID: PMC9796091 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models of the development of childhood externalizing disorders emphasize the role of parents. Empirical studies have not been able to identify specific aspects of parental behaviors explaining a considerable proportion of the observed individual differences in externalizing problems. The problem is complicated by the contribution of genetic factors to externalizing problems, as parents provide both genes and environments to their children. We studied the joint contributions of direct genetic effects of children and the indirect genetic effects of parents through the environment on externalizing problems. METHODS The study used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from 9,675 parent-offspring trios participating in the Norwegian Mother Father and child cohort study. Based on genomic relatedness matrices, we estimated the contribution of direct genetic effects and indirect maternal and paternal genetic effects on ADHD, conduct and disruptive behaviors at 8 years of age. RESULTS Models including indirect parental genetic effects were preferred for the ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, and conduct problems, but not oppositional defiant behaviors. Direct genetic effects accounted for 11% to 24% of the variance, whereas indirect parental genetic effects accounted for 0% to 16% in ADHD symptoms and conduct problems. The correlation between direct and indirect genetic effects, or gene-environment correlations, decreased the variance with 16% and 13% for conduct and inattention problems, and increased the variance with 6% for hyperactivity problems. CONCLUSIONS This study provides empirical support to the notion that parents have a significant role in the development of childhood externalizing behaviors. The parental contribution to decrease in variation of inattention and conduct problems by gene-environment correlations would limit the number of children reaching clinical ranges in symptoms. Not accounting for indirect parental genetic effects can lead to both positive and negative bias when identifying genetic variants for childhood externalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen M. Eilertsen
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Pingault
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, King's CollegeLondonUK
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Children and Youth ClinicHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENTOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Mental DisordersNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway,Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fartein A. Torvik
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Eivind Ystrøm
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Mental DisordersNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway,School of PharmacyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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13
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Hasin DS, Shmulewitz D, Stohl M, Greenstein E, Aharonovich E, Petronis KR, Von Korff M, Datta S, Sonty N, Ross S, Inturrisi C, Weinberger ML, Scodes J, Wall MM. Diagnosing Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in Patients Using Prescribed Opioids for Chronic Pain. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:715-725. [PMID: 35702830 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21070721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder, originally developed for heroin, did not anticipate the surge in prescription opioid use and the resulting complexities in diagnosing prescription opioid use disorder (POUD), including differentiation of pain relief (therapeutic intent) from more common drug use motives, such as to get high or to cope with negative affect. The authors examined the validity of the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, DSM-5 opioid version, an instrument designed to make this differentiation. METHODS Patients (N=606) from pain clinics and inpatient substance treatment who ever received a ≥30-day opioid prescription for chronic pain were evaluated for DSM-5 POUD (i.e., withdrawal and tolerance were not considered positive if patients used opioids only as prescribed, per DSM-5 guidelines) and pain-adjusted POUD (behavioral/subjective criteria were not considered positive if pain relief [therapeutic intent] was the sole motive). Bivariate correlated-outcome regression models indicated associations of 10 validators with DSM-5 and pain-adjusted POUD measures, using mean ratios for dimensional measures and odds ratios for binary measures. RESULTS The prevalences of DSM-5 and pain-adjusted POUD, respectively, were 44.4% and 30.4% at the ≥2-criteria threshold and 29.5% and 25.3% at the ≥4-criteria threshold. Pain adjustment had little effect on prevalence among substance treatment patients but resulted in substantially lower prevalence among pain treatment patients. All validators had significantly stronger associations with pain-adjusted than with DSM-5 dimensional POUD measures (ratios of mean ratios, 1.22-2.31). For most validators, pain-adjusted binary POUD had larger odds ratios than DSM-5 measures. CONCLUSIONS Adapting POUD measures for pain relief (therapeutic intent) improved validity. Studies should investigate the clinical utility of differentiating between therapeutic and nontherapeutic intent in evaluating POUD diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Malka Stohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Eliana Greenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Kenneth R Petronis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Michael Von Korff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Samyadev Datta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Nomita Sonty
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Stephen Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Charles Inturrisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Michael L Weinberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Jennifer Scodes
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall) and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Hasin, Shmulewitz, Stohl, Greenstein, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall), New York; Epidemiology, Pfizer, Inc., New York (Petronis); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (Von Korff); Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. (Datta); Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (Sonty, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York (Ross); Cornell University Medical College, New York (Inturrisi)
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14
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Aliev F, Barr PB, Davies AG, Dick DM, Bettinger J. Genes regulating levels of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with alcohol use disorder and consumption, and broader externalizing behavior in humans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1657-1664. [PMID: 35904282 PMCID: PMC9509483 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual variation in the physiological response to alcohol is predictive of an individual's likelihood to develop alcohol use disorder (AUD). Evidence from diverse model organisms indicates that the levels of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs) can modulate the behavioral response to ethanol and therefore may impact the propensity to develop AUD. While most ω-3 LC-PUFAs come from diet, humans can produce these fatty acids from shorter chain precursors through a series of enzymatic steps. Natural variation in the genes encoding these enzymes has been shown to affect ω-3 LC-PUFA levels. We hypothesized that variation in these genes could contribute to the susceptibility to develop AUD. METHODS We identified nine genes (FADS1, FADS2, FADS3, ELOVL2, GCKR, ELOVL1, ACOX1, APOE, and PPARA) that are required to generate ω-3 LC-PUFAs and/or have been shown or predicted to affect ω-3 LC-PUFA levels. Using both set-based and gene-based analyses we examined their association with AUD and two AUD-related phenotypes, alcohol consumption, and an externalizing phenotype. RESULTS We found that the set of nine genes is associated with all three phenotypes. When examined individually, GCKR, FADS2, and ACOX1 showed significant association signals with alcohol consumption. GCKR was significantly associated with AUD. ELOVL1 and APOE were associated with externalizing. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with observations that dietary ω-3 LC-PUFAs can affect ethanol-related phenotypes, this work suggests that these fatty acids provide a link between the environmental and genetic influences on the risk of developing AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazil Aliev
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Peter B. Barr
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew G. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jill C. Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
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15
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The Mediating Role of Contextual Problems and Sensation Seeking in the Association between Substance Use and Mental Health in Adolescents from Northern Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042262. [PMID: 35206450 PMCID: PMC8871919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use is a risk behavior that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes in adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between behavioral problems, emotional problems, and substance use as well as the mediating role of contextual problems and sensation seeking in this relation. A cross-sectional study of 2277 adolescents from Northern Chile was conducted. The System for the Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) was used to assess substance use, contextual problems, sensation seeking, and emotional and behavioral problems. Through a mediational model, it was observed that substance use has a positive indirect effect on emotional and behavioral problems when both contextual problems and sensation seeking act as mediating variables. An indirect effect of substance use on contextual problems with sensation seeking as a mediator was also observed. The results suggests that context and sensation seeking are a relevant source of information in understanding adolescents and their propensity to use drugs. Interventions based on addressing contextual problems (problems with school, peers, and family) and enhancing personal resources should be implemented in order to reduce substance use in adolescents as well as the consequences it can generate in the short, medium, and long term.
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16
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Sable HJK, Lester DB, Potter JL, Nolen HG, Cruthird DM, Estes LM, Johnson AD, Regan SL, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. An assessment of executive function in two different rat models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive versus Lphn3 knockout rats. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12767. [PMID: 34427038 PMCID: PMC10114166 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and often comorbid with other externalizing disorders (EDs). There is evidence that externalizing behaviors share a common genetic etiology. Recently, a genome-wide, multigenerational sample linked variants in the Lphn3 gene to ADHD and other externalizing behaviors. Likewise, limited research in animal models has provided converging evidence that Lphn3 plays a role in EDs. This study examined the impact of Lphn3 deletion (i.e., Lphn3-/- ) in rats on measures of behavioral control associated with externalizing behavior. Impulsivity was assessed for 30 days via a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) task and working memory evaluated for 25 days using a delayed spatial alternation (DSA) task. Data from both tasks were averaged into 5-day testing blocks. We analyzed overall performance, as well as response patterns in just the first and last blocks to assess acquisition and steady-state performance, respectively. "Positive control" measures on the same tasks were measured in an accepted animal model of ADHD-the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Compared with wildtype controls, Lphn3-/- rats exhibited deficits on both the DRL and DSA tasks, indicative of deficits in impulsive action and working memory, respectively. These deficits were less severe than those in the SHRs, who were profoundly impaired on both tasks compared with their control strain, Wistar-Kyoto rats. The results provide evidence supporting a role for Lphn3 in modulating inhibitory control and working memory, and suggest additional research evaluating the role of Lphn3 in the manifestation of EDs more broadly is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. K. Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Deranda B. Lester
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua L. Potter
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hunter G. Nolen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Estes
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa D. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samantha L. Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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17
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Abstract
Behavior genetics studies how genetic differences among people contribute to differences in their psychology and behavior. Here, I describe how the conclusions and methods of behavior genetics have evolved in the postgenomic era in which the human genome can be directly measured. First, I revisit the first law of behavioral genetics stating that everything is heritable, and I describe results from large-scale meta-analyses of twin data and new methods for estimating heritability using measured DNA. Second, I describe new methods in statistical genetics, including genome-wide association studies and polygenic score analyses. Third, I describe the next generation of work on gene × environment interaction, with a particular focus on how genetic influences vary across sociopolitical contexts and exogenous environments. Genomic technology has ushered in a golden age of new tools to address enduring questions about how genes and environments combine to create unique human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA;
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18
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Hasin DS, Aharonovich E. Implications of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Laws for Neuroscience Research: a Review. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2020; 7:258-266. [PMID: 34336547 PMCID: PMC8323790 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-020-00222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Review of US medical and recreational marijuana laws (MML and RML), their effects on cannabis potency, prevalence of non-medical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in adolescents and adults, and implications for neuroscience research, given what is known about the relationship of cannabis to neurocognitive impairments and underlying brain functioning. Recent Findings Cannabis potency may be increasing faster in states with MML or RML than in other states. MML and RML have not impacted prevalence in adolescents but have consistently been shown to increase rates of adult non-medical use and CUD. Summary Recent neurocognitive or neuroimaging studies may be more impacted by cannabis than studies conducted when MML and RML were less common. Neurocognitive or neuroimaging studies conducted in MML or RML states should carefully test potential participants for recent cannabis use. More research is needed on cannabis and cognition in medical marijuana patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S. Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
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