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Poltronieri P, Miwa M, Masutani M. ADP-Ribosylation as Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Use of Inhibitors in Cancer Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10829. [PMID: 34639169 PMCID: PMC8509805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications of proteins, ADP-ribosylation has been studied for over fifty years, and a large set of functions, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling, have been assigned to this post-translational modification (PTM). This review presents an update on the function of a large set of enzyme writers, the readers that are recruited by the modified targets, and the erasers that reverse the modification to the original amino acid residue, removing the covalent bonds formed. In particular, the review provides details on the involvement of the enzymes performing monoADP-ribosylation/polyADP-ribosylation (MAR/PAR) cycling in cancers. Of note, there is potential for the application of the inhibitors developed for cancer also in the therapy of non-oncological diseases such as the protection against oxidative stress, the suppression of inflammatory responses, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This field of studies is not concluded, since novel enzymes are being discovered at a rapid pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-ISPA, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Masanao Miwa
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan;
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, CBMM, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Poltronieri P, Celetti A, Palazzo L. Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation Enzymes and NAD + Metabolism: A Focus on Diseases and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010128. [PMID: 33440786 PMCID: PMC7827148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono(ADP-ribose) transferases and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating sirtuins use NAD+ to perform the mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a simple form of post-translational modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. The availability of NAD+ is a limiting step and an essential requisite for NAD+ consuming enzymes. The synthesis and degradation of NAD+, as well as the transport of its key intermediates among cell compartments, play a vital role in the maintenance of optimal NAD+ levels, which are essential for the regulation of NAD+-utilizing enzymes. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of NAD+ metabolism, highlighting the functional liaison with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes, such as the well-known ARTD10 (also named PARP10), SIRT6, and SIRT7. To this aim, we discuss the link of these enzymes with NAD+ metabolism and chronic diseases, such as cancer, degenerative disorders and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, via Monteroni 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Tommaso de Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
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3
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Suskiewicz MJ, Palazzo L, Hughes R, Ahel I. Progress and outlook in studying the substrate specificities of PARPs and related enzymes. FEBS J 2020; 288:2131-2142. [PMID: 32785980 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research on ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) from the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, one key aspect of these enzymes - their substrate specificity - has remained unclear. Here, we briefly discuss the history of this area and, more extensively, the recent breakthroughs, including the identification of protein serine residues as a major substrate of PARP1 and PARP2 in human cells and of cysteine and tyrosine as potential targets of specific PARPs. On the molecular level, the modification of serine residues requires a composite active site formed by PARP1 or PARP2 together with a specificity-determining factor, HPF1; this represents a new paradigm not only for PARPs but generally for post-translational modification (PTM) catalysis. Additionally, we discuss the identification of DNA as a substrate of PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3, and some bacterial ARTs and the discovery of noncanonical RNA capping by several PARP family members. Together, these recent findings shed new light on PARP-mediated catalysis and caution to 'expect the unexpected' when it comes to further potential substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Rebecca Hughes
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
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Kulikova VA, Nikiforov AA. Role of NUDIX Hydrolases in NAD and ADP-Ribose Metabolism in Mammals. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2020; 85:883-894. [PMID: 33045949 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920080040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the NUDIX hydrolase (NUDT) superfamily that cleave organic pyrophosphates are found in all classes of organisms, from archaea and bacteria to higher eukaryotes. In mammals, NUDTs exhibit a wide range of functions and are characterized by different substrate specificity and intracellular localization. They control the concentration of various metabolites in the cell, including key regulatory molecules such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), ADP-ribose, and their derivatives. In this review, we discuss the role of NUDT proteins in the metabolism of NAD and ADP-ribose in human and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Kulikova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia.
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - A A Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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Waldner DM, Bech-Hansen NT, Stell WK. Channeling Vision: Ca V1.4-A Critical Link in Retinal Signal Transmission. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7272630. [PMID: 29854783 PMCID: PMC5966690 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7272630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) are key to many biological functions. Entry of Ca2+ into cells is essential for initiating or modulating important processes such as secretion, cell motility, and gene transcription. In the retina and other neural tissues, one of the major roles of Ca2+-entry is to stimulate or regulate exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, without which synaptic transmission is impaired. This review will address the special properties of one L-type VGCC, CaV1.4, with particular emphasis on its role in transmission of visual signals from rod and cone photoreceptors (hereafter called "photoreceptors," to the exclusion of intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells) to the second-order retinal neurons, and the pathological effects of mutations in the CACNA1F gene which codes for the pore-forming α1F subunit of CaV1.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Waldner
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N. T. Bech-Hansen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - W. K. Stell
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Department of Surgery, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Crawford K, Bonfiglio JJ, Mikoč A, Matic I, Ahel I. Specificity of reversible ADP-ribosylation and regulation of cellular processes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:64-82. [PMID: 29098880 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring rapid adaptation is the addition or removal of reversible modifications of different chemical groups onto macromolecules which in turn induce the appropriate downstream outcome. ADP-ribosylation, the addition of ADP-ribose (ADPr) groups, represents one of these highly conserved signaling chemicals. Herein we outline the writers, erasers and readers of ADP-ribosylation and dip into the multitude of cellular processes they have been implicated in. We also review what we currently know on how specificity of activity is ensured for this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryanne Crawford
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | - Andreja Mikoč
- c Division of Molecular Biology , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivan Matic
- b Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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8
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Abstract
Plants and bacteria synthesize the essential human micronutrient riboflavin (vitamin B2) via the same multi-step pathway. The early intermediates of this pathway are notoriously reactive and may be overproduced in vivo because riboflavin biosynthesis enzymes lack feedback controls. In the present paper, we demonstrate disposal of riboflavin intermediates by COG3236 (DUF1768), a protein of previously unknown function that is fused to two different riboflavin pathway enzymes in plants and bacteria (RIBR and RibA respectively). We present cheminformatic, biochemical, genetic and genomic evidence to show that: (i) plant and bacterial COG3236 proteins cleave the N-glycosidic bond of the first two intermediates of riboflavin biosynthesis, yielding relatively innocuous products; (ii) certain COG3236 proteins are in a multi-enzyme riboflavin biosynthesis complex that gives them privileged access to riboflavin intermediates; and (iii) COG3236 action in Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli helps maintain flavin levels. COG3236 proteins thus illustrate two emerging principles in chemical biology: directed overflow metabolism, in which excess flux is diverted out of a pathway, and the pre-emption of damage from reactive metabolites.
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Gagné JP, Ethier C, Defoy D, Bourassa S, Langelier MF, Riccio AA, Pascal JM, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Ning Z, Figeys D, Droit A, Poirier GG. Quantitative site-specific ADP-ribosylation profiling of DNA-dependent PARPs. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 30:68-79. [PMID: 25800440 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An important feature of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is their ability to readily undergo automodification upon activation. Although a growing number of substrates were found to be poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated, including histones and several DNA damage response factors, PARPs themselves are still considered as the main acceptors of poly(ADP-ribose). By monitoring spectral counts of specific hydroxamic acid signatures generated after the conversion of the ADP-ribose modification onto peptides by hydroxylamine hydrolysis, we undertook a thorough mass spectrometry mapping of the glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation sites onto automodified PARP-1, PARP-2 and PARP-3. Thousands of hydroxamic acid-conjugated peptides were identified with high confidence and ranked based on their spectral count. This semi-quantitative approach allowed us to locate the preferentially targeted residues in DNA-dependent PARPs. In contrast to what has been reported in the literature, automodification of PARP-1 is not predominantly targeted towards its BRCT domain. Our results show that interdomain linker regions that connect the BRCT to the WGR module and the WGR to the PRD domain undergo prominent ADP-ribosylation during PARP-1 automodification. We also found that PARP-1 efficiently automodifies the D-loop structure within its own catalytic fold. Interestingly, additional major ADP-ribosylation sites were identified in functional domains of PARP-1, including all three zinc fingers. Similar to PARP-1, specific residues located within the catalytic sites of PARP-2 and PARP-3 are major targets of automodification following their DNA-dependent activation. Together our results suggest that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation hot spots make a dominant contribution to the overall automodification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Ethier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Defoy
- Plateforme Protéomique du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- Plateforme Protéomique du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amanda A Riccio
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Plateforme Protéomique du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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10
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Hatzioannou A, Kanistras I, Mantzou E, Anastasiou E, Peppa M, Sarantopoulou V, Lymberi P, Alevizaki M. Effect of Advanced Glycation End Products on Human Thyroglobulin's Antigenicity as Identified by the Use of Sera from Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:849615. [PMID: 26229534 PMCID: PMC4503572 DOI: 10.1155/2015/849615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed on proteins after exposure to high concentrations of glucose and modify protein's immunogenicity. Herein, we investigated whether the modification of thyroglobulin (Tg) by AGEs influences its antigenicity and immunogenicity. Human Tg was incubated in vitro with increasing concentrations of D-glucose-6-phosphate in order to produce Tgs with different AGE content (AGE-Tg). Native Tg and AGE-Tgs were used in ELISA to assess the serum antibody reactivity of two patient groups, pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM), and patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). We produced in vitro AGE-Tg with low and high AGE content, 13 and 49 AGE units/mg Tg, respectively. All HT patients' sera presented the same antibody reactivity profile against native Tg and AGE-Tgs, indicating that the modification of Tg by AGEs did not alter its antigenicity. Similarly, the GDM patients' sera did not discriminate among the two forms of Tg, native or artificially glycated, suggesting that the modification of Tg by AGEs might not alter its immunogenicity. The modification of Tg by AGEs has no obvious effect on neither its antigenicity nor, most likely, its immunogenicity. It seems that other Tg modifications might account for the production of aTgAbs in patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hatzioannou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - I. Kanistras
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - E. Mantzou
- Endocrine Unit Athens University, Evgenideion Hospital, 20 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - E. Anastasiou
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - M. Peppa
- Department of Geriatrics, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - V. Sarantopoulou
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - P. Lymberi
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
- *P. Lymberi:
| | - M. Alevizaki
- Endocrine Unit Athens University, Evgenideion Hospital, 20 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Kaneko K, Inomata T, Masui T, Koshu T, Umezawa Y, Itoh K, Pozueta-Romero J, Mitsui T. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 exerts a negative effect on starch accumulation and growth in rice seedlings under high temperature and CO2 concentration conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:320-32. [PMID: 24092883 PMCID: PMC3913438 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) is a widely distributed enzymatic activity occurring in both plants and mammals that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of the pyrophosphate and phosphodiester bonds of a number of nucleotides. Unlike mammalian NPPs, the physiological function of plant NPPs remains largely unknown. Using a complete rice NPP1-encoding cDNA as a probe, in this work we have screened a rice shoot cDNA library and obtained complete cDNAs corresponding to six NPP genes (NPP1-NPP6). As a first step to clarify the role of NPPs, recombinant NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 were purified from transgenic rice cells constitutively expressing NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6, respectively, and their enzymatic properties were characterized. NPP1 and NPP6 exhibited hydrolytic activities toward ATP, UDP-glucose and the starch precursor molecule, ADP-glucose, whereas NPP2 did not recognize nucleotide sugars as substrates, but hydrolyzed UDP, ADP and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. To gain insight into the physiological function of rice NPP1, an npp1 knockout mutant was characterized. The ADP-glucose hydrolytic activities in shoots of npp1 rice seedlings were 8% of those of the wild type (WT), thus indicating that NPP1 is a major determinant of ADP-glucose hydrolytic activity in rice shoots. Importantly, when seedlings were cultured at 160 Pa CO2 under a 28°C/23°C (12 h light/12 h dark) regime, npp1 shoots and roots were larger than those of wild-type (WT) seedlings. Furthermore, the starch content in the npp1 shoots was higher than that of WT shoots. Growth and starch accumulation were also enhanced under an atmospheric CO2 concentration (40 Pa) when plants were cultured under a 33°C/28°C regime. The overall data strongly indicate that NPP1 exerts a negative effect on plant growth and starch accumulation in shoots, especially under high CO2 concentration and high temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Takuya Inomata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Takahiro Masui
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Koshu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Yukiho Umezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Kimiko Itoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC, UPNA, Gobierno de Navarra). Mutiloako etorbidea zenbaki gabe, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +81-25-262-6641
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Ernst IMA, Fliegert R, Guse AH. Adenine Dinucleotide Second Messengers and T-lymphocyte Calcium Signaling. Front Immunol 2013; 4:259. [PMID: 24009611 PMCID: PMC3756424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is a universal signal transduction mechanism in animal and plant cells. In mammalian T-lymphocytes calcium signaling is essential for activation and re-activation and thus important for a functional immune response. Since many years it has been known that both calcium release from intracellular stores and calcium entry via plasma membrane calcium channels are involved in shaping spatio-temporal calcium signals. Second messengers derived from the adenine dinucleotides NAD and NADP have been implicated in T cell calcium signaling. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) acts as a very early second messenger upon T cell receptor/CD3 engagement, while cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is mainly involved in sustained partial depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum by stimulating calcium release via ryanodine receptors. Finally, adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR) a breakdown product of both NAD and cADPR activates a plasma membrane cation channel termed TRPM2 thereby facilitating calcium (and sodium) entry into T cells. Receptor-mediated formation, metabolism, and mode of action of these novel second messengers in T-lymphocytes will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa M A Ernst
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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13
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Picchianti M, Del Vecchio M, Di Marcello F, Biagini M, Veggi D, Norais N, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Balducci E. Auto ADP-ribosylation of NarE, a Neisseria meningitidis ADP-ribosyltransferase, regulates its catalytic activities. FASEB J 2013; 27:4723-30. [PMID: 23964075 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
NarE is an arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase identified in Neisseria meningitidis that requires the presence of iron in a structured cluster for its enzymatic activities. In this study, we show that NarE can perform auto-ADP-ribosylation. This automodification occurred in a time- and NAD-concentration-dependent manner; was inhibited by novobiocin, an ADP-ribosyltransferase inhibitor; and did not occur when NarE was heat inactivated. No reduction in incorporation was evidenced in the presence of high concentrations of ATP, GTP, ADP-ribose, or nicotinamide, which inhibits NAD-glycohydrolase, impeding the formation of free ADP-ribose. Based on the electrophoretic profile of NarE on auto-ADP-ribosylation and on the results of mutagenesis and mass spectrometry analysis, the auto-ADP-ribosylation appeared to be restricted to the addition of a single ADP-ribose. Chemical stability experiments showed that the ADP-ribosyl linkage was sensitive to hydroxylamine, which breaks ADP-ribose-arginine bonds. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the auto-ADP-ribosylation site occurred preferentially on the R(7) residue, which is located in the region I of the ADP-ribosyltransferase family. After auto-ADP-ribosylation, NarE showed a reduction in ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, while NAD-glycohydrolase activity was increased. Overall, our findings provide evidence for a novel intramolecular mechanism used by NarE to regulate its enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Picchianti
- 1Centro Ricerche Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Owens K, Park JH, Schuh R, Kristian T. Mitochondrial dysfunction and NAD(+) metabolism alterations in the pathophysiology of acute brain injury. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:618-34. [PMID: 24323416 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly believed to be one of the major players in mechanisms of brain injury. For several decades, pathologic mitochondrial calcium overload and associated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore were considered a detrimental factor causing mitochondrial damage and bioenergetics failure. Mitochondrial and cellular bioenergetic metabolism depends on the enzymatic reactions that require NAD(+) or its reduced form NADH as cofactors. Recently, it was shown that NAD(+) also has an important function as a substrate for several NAD(+) glycohydrolases whose overactivation can contribute to cell death mechanisms. Furthermore, downstream metabolites of NAD(+) catabolism can also adversely affect cell viability. In contrast to the negative effects of NAD(+)-catabolizing enzymes, enzymes that constitute the NAD(+) biosynthesis pathway possess neuroprotective properties. In the first part of this review, we discuss the role of MPT in acute brain injury and its role in mitochondrial NAD(+) metabolism. Next, we focus on individual NAD(+) glycohydrolases, both cytosolic and mitochondrial, and their role in NAD(+) catabolism and brain damage. Finally, we discuss the potential effects of downstream products of NAD(+) degradation and associated enzymes as well as the role of NAD(+) resynthesis enzymes as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Owens
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Dölle C, Rack JGM, Ziegler M. NAD and ADP-ribose metabolism in mitochondria. FEBS J 2013; 280:3530-41. [PMID: 23617329 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is intimately connected to the universal coenzyme NAD. In addition to its role in redox reactions of energy transduction, NAD serves as substrate in regulatory reactions that lead to its degradation. Importantly, all types of the known NAD-consuming signalling reactions have been reported to take place in mitochondria. These reactions include the generation of second messengers, as well as post-translational protein modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and protein deacetylation. Therefore, the availability and redox state of NAD emerged as important factors in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Molecular mechanisms and targets of mitochondrial NAD-dependent protein deacetylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation have been established, whereas poly-ADP-ribosylation and NAD-derived messenger generation in the organelles await in-depth characterization. In this review, we highlight the major NAD-dependent reactions occurring within mitochondria and describe their metabolic and regulatory functions. We also discuss the metabolic fates of the NAD-degradation products, nicotinamide and ADP-ribose, and how the mitochondrial NAD pool is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dölle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Wang H, Liang Q, Cao K, Ge X. Endogenous protein mono-ADP-ribosylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2011; 233:1287-1292. [PMID: 21519881 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein mono-ADP-ribosylation post-translationally transfers the ADP-ribose moiety from the β-NAD+ donor to various protein acceptors. This type of modification has been widely characterized and shown to regulate protein activities in animals, yeast and prokaryotes, but has never been reported in plants. In this study, using [³²P]NAD+ as the substrate, ADP-ribosylated proteins in Arabidopsis were investigated. One protein substrate of 32 kDa in adult rosette leaves was found to be radiolabeled. Heat treatment, protease sensitivity and nucleotide derivative competition assays suggested a covalent reaction of NAD+ with the 32 kDa protein. [carbonyl-¹⁴C]NAD+ could not label the 32 kDa protein, confirming that the modification was ADP-ribosylation. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor failed to suppress the reaction, but chemicals that destroy mono-ADP-ribosylation on specific amino acid residues could break up the linkage, suggesting that the reaction was not a poly-ADP-ribosylation but rather a mono-ADP-ribosylation. This modification mainly existed in leaves and was enhanced by oxidative stresses. In young seedlings, two more protein substrates with the size of 45 kDa and over 130 kDa, respectively, were observed in addition to the 32 kDa protein, indicating that different proteins were modified at different developmental stages. Although the substrate proteins remain to be identified, this is the first report on the characterization of endogenously mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Fedorova M, Frolov A, Hoffmann R. Fragmentation behavior of Amadori-peptides obtained by non-enzymatic glycosylation of lysine residues with ADP-ribose in tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:664-669. [PMID: 20527035 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation are common post-translational modifications incorporated by sequence-specific enzymes at, predominantly, arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid or aspartic acid residues, whereas non-enzymatic ADP-ribosylation (glycation) modifies lysine and cysteine residues. These glycated proteins and peptides (Amadori-compounds) are commonly found in organisms, but have so far not been investigated to any great degree. In this study, we have analyzed their fragmentation characteristics using different mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. In matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS, the ADP-ribosyl group was cleaved, almost completely, at the pyrophosphate bond by in-source decay. In contrast, this cleavage was very weak in electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The same fragmentation site also dominated the MALDI-PSD (post-source decay) and ESI-CID (collision-induced dissociation) mass spectra. The remaining phospho-ribosyl group (formed by the loss of adenosine monophosphate) was stable, providing a direct and reliable identification of the modification site via the b- and y-ion series. Cleavage of the ADP-ribose pyrophosphate bond under CID conditions gives access to both neutral loss (347.10 u) and precursor-ion scans (m/z 348.08), and thereby permits the identification of ADP-ribosylated peptides in complex mixtures with high sensitivity and specificity. With electron transfer dissociation (ETD), the ADP-ribosyl group was stable, providing ADP-ribosylated c- and z-ions, and thus allowing reliable sequence analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Pashikanti S, de Alba DR, Boissonneault GA, Cervantes-Laurean D. Rutin metabolites: novel inhibitors of nonoxidative advanced glycation end products. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:656-63. [PMID: 19969069 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is a nonenzymatic condensation reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins that undergo rearrangements to stable ketoamines, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) including fluorescent (argpyrimidine) and nonfluorescent (N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine; CML) protein adducts and protein cross-links. AGEs are formed via protein glycation and correlate with processes resulting in aging and diabetes complications. Reactive carbonyl species such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal are ubiquitous by-products of cell metabolism that potently induce the formation of AGEs by nonenzymatic protein glycation and may achieve plasma concentrations of 0.3-1.5 micromol/L. In this in vitro study histone H1 glycation by glyoxal, methylglyoxal, or ADP-ribose was used to model nonoxidative protein glycation, permitting us to distinguish specific AGE inhibition from general antioxidant action. Rutin derivatives were tested as AGE inhibitors because rutin, a common dietary flavonoid that is consumed in fruits, vegetables, and plant-derived beverages, is metabolized by gut microflora to a range of phenolic compounds that are devoid of significant antioxidant activity and achieve blood concentrations in the mumol/L range. Our data show that in a 1:1 stoichiometry with glyoxal or methylglyoxal, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (DHT) are powerful inhibitors of CML and argpyrimidine histone H1 adduct formation, respectively. Furthermore, when DHPAA and DHT were tested as inhibitors of histone H1 glycation by the powerful glycating agent ADP-ribose, they inhibited glycation as effectively as aminoguanidine. These results suggest that dietary flavonoids may serve as effective AGE inhibitors and suggest mechanisms whereby fruit- and vegetable-rich diets contribute to the prevention of processes resulting in aging and diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Pashikanti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
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19
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Sauve AA. Sirtuin chemical mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1591-603. [PMID: 20132909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are ancient proteins widely distributed in all lifeforms of earth. These proteins are universally able to bind NAD(+), and activate it to effect ADP-ribosylation of cellular nucleophiles. The most commonly observed sirtuin reaction is the ADP-ribosylation of acetyllysine, which leads to NAD(+)-dependent deacetylation. Other types of ADP-ribosylation have also been observed, including protein ADP-ribosylation, NAD(+) solvolysis and ADP-ribosyltransfer to 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, a reaction involved in eubacterial cobalamin biosynthesis. This review broadly surveys the chemistries and chemical mechanisms of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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20
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Mn2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol pyrophosphatase: a novel metallophosphoesterase family preferentially expressed in rodent immune cells. Biochem J 2008; 413:103-13. [PMID: 18352857 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADPRibase-Mn (Mn2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol pyrophosphatase) was earlier isolated from rat liver supernatants after separation from ADPRibase-I and ADPRibase-II (Mg2+-activated ADP-ribose pyrophosphatases devoid of CDP-alcohol pyrophosphatase activity). The last mentioned are putative Nudix hydrolases, whereas the molecular identity of ADPRibase-Mn is unknown. MALDI (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization) MS data from rat ADPRibase-Mn pointed to a hypothetical protein that was cloned and expressed and showed the expected specificity. It is encoded by the RGD1309906 rat gene, which so far has been annotated simply as 'hydrolase'. ADPRibase-Mn is not a Nudix hydrolase, but it shows the sequence and structural features typical of the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. It may constitute a protein family of its own, the members of which appear to be specific to vertebrates, plants and algae. ADP-ribose was successfully docked to a model of rat ADPRibase-Mn, revealing its putative active centre. Microarray data from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database indicated that the mouse gene 2310004I24Rik, an orthologue of RGD1309906, is preferentially expressed in immune cells. This was confirmed by Northern-blot and activity assay of ADPRibase-Mn in rat tissues. A possible role of ADPRibase-Mn in immune cell signalling is suggested by the second-messenger role of ADP-ribose, which activates TRPM2 (transient receptor potential melastatin channel-2) ion channels as a mediator of oxidative/nitrosative stress, and by the signalling function assigned to many of the microarray profile neighbours of 2310004I24Rik. Furthermore, the influence of ADPRibase-Mn on the CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis cannot be discounted.
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21
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Haenni SS, Hassa PO, Altmeyer M, Fey M, Imhof R, Hottiger MO. Identification of lysines 36 and 37 of PARP-2 as targets for acetylation and auto-ADP-ribosylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:2274-83. [PMID: 18436469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-2 (PARP-2) was described to regulate cellular functions comprising DNA surveillance, inflammation and cell differentiation by co-regulating different transcription factors. Using an in vitro and in vivo approach, we identified PARP-2 as a new substrate for the histone acetyltransferases PCAF and GCN5L. Site directed mutagenesis indicated that lysines 36 and 37, located in the nuclear localization signal of PARP-2, are the main targets for PCAF and GCN5L activity in vitro. Interestingly, acetylation of the same two PARP-2 residues reduces the DNA binding and enzymatic activity of PARP-2. Finally, PARP-2 with mutated lysines 36 and 37 showed reduced auto-mono-ADP-ribosylation when compared to wild type PARP-2. Together, our results provide evidence that acetylation of PARP-2 is a key post-translational modification that may regulate DNA binding and consequently also the enzymatic activity of PARP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Haenni
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Bektaş M, Nurten R, Ergen K, Bermek E. Endogenous ADP-ribosylation for eukaryotic elongation factor 2: evidence of two different sites and reactions. Cell Biochem Funct 2006; 24:369-80. [PMID: 16142694 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 can undergo ADP-ribosylation in the absence of diphtheria toxin under the action of an endogenous transferase. The investigation which aimed to gain insight into the nature of endogenous ADP-ribosylation revealed that this reaction may be, in some cases, due to covalent binding of free ADP-ribose to elongation factor 2. Binding of free ADP-ribose, and NAD- and endogenous transferase-dependent ADP-ribosylation were suggested to be distinct reactions by different findings. Free ADP-ribose could bind to elongation factor 2 previously subjected to ADP-ribosylation by diphtheria toxin or endogenous transferase. The binding of free ADP-ribose was inhibited by neutral NH2OH, L-lysine and picrylsulfonate, whereas endogenous ADP-ribosyltransferase was inhibited by NAD glycohydrolase inhibitors and L-arginine. The ADP-ribosyl-elongation factor 2 adduct which formed upon binding of free ADP-ribose was resistant to neutral NH2OH, but decomposed almost completely upon treatment with NaOH. The product of endogenous transferase-dependent ADP- ribosylation was partially resistant to NH2OH and NaOH treatment. Moreover, this reaction was reversed in the presence of diphtheria toxin and nicotinamide. Both types of endogenous ADP-ribosylation gave rise to inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis. This study thus provides evidence for the presence of two different types of endogenous ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. The respective sites involved in these reactions are distinct from one another as well as from diphthamide, the site of attack by diphtheria toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Bektaş
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, 34390 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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23
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Hassa PO, Haenni SS, Elser M, Hottiger MO. Nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions in mammalian cells: where are we today and where are we going? Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:789-829. [PMID: 16959969 PMCID: PMC1594587 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00040-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since poly-ADP ribose was discovered over 40 years ago, there has been significant progress in research into the biology of mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions. During the last decade, it became clear that ADP-ribosylation reactions play important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including inter- and intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair pathways and maintenance of genomic stability, telomere dynamics, cell differentiation and proliferation, and necrosis and apoptosis. ADP-ribosylation reactions are phylogenetically ancient and can be classified into four major groups: mono-ADP-ribosylation, poly-ADP-ribosylation, ADP-ribose cyclization, and formation of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. In the human genome, more than 30 different genes coding for enzymes associated with distinct ADP-ribosylation activities have been identified. This review highlights the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of nuclear mono-ADP-ribosylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions and the distinct ADP-ribosylating enzyme families involved in these processes, including the proposed family of novel poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-like mono-ADP-ribose transferases and the potential mono-ADP-ribosylation activities of the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases. A special focus is placed on the known roles of distinct mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions in physiological processes, such as mitosis, cellular differentiation and proliferation, telomere dynamics, and aging, as well as "programmed necrosis" (i.e., high-mobility-group protein B1 release) and apoptosis (i.e., apoptosis-inducing factor shuttling). The proposed molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, such as signaling, chromatin modification (i.e., "histone code"), and remodeling of chromatin structure (i.e., DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, and insulator function), are described. A potential cross talk between nuclear ADP-ribosylation processes and other NAD(+)-dependent pathways is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Muñoz FJ, Baroja-Fernández E, Morán-Zorzano MT, Alonso-Casajús N, Pozueta-Romero J. Cloning, expression and characterization of a Nudix hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 47:926-34. [PMID: 16774931 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcj065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
'Nudix' hydrolases are widely distributed nucleotide pyrophosphatases that possess a conserved GX5EX7REUXEEXGU motif where U is usually isoleucine, leucine or valine. Among them, Escherichia coli ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase (ASPP) has been shown to catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of ADP-glucose linked to bacterial glycogen biosynthesis. Comparisons of the 31 different Nudix-encoding sequences of the Arabidopsis genome with those coding for known bacterial and mammalian ASPPs identified one sequence possessing important divergences in the Nudix motif that, once expressed in E. coli, produced a protein with ASPP activity. This protein, designated as AtASPP, shares strong homology with hypothetical rice and potato proteins, indicating that ASPPs are widely distributed in both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. As a first step to test the possible involvement of plant ASPPs in regulating the intracellular levels of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis, we produced and characterized AtASPP-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. Source leaves from these plants exhibited a large reduction in the levels of both ADP-glucose and starch, indicating that plant ASPPs catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of a sizable pool of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis. No pleiotropic changes in maximum catalytic activities of enzymes closely linked to starch metabolism could be detected in AtASPP-overexpressing leaves. The overall information provides the first evidence for the existence of plant Nudix hydrolases that have access to an intracellular pool of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Ctra. Mutilva s/n, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain.
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25
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Abstract
[structure: see text] The synthesis of the bisphosphonate ADP-ribose, in which acetylene has replaced the oxygen of the pyrophosphate linkage, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Van derpoorten
- School of Chemistry, David Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland
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26
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Bektaş M, Akçakaya H, Aroymak A, Nurten R, Bermek E. Effect of oxidative stress on in vivo ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:91-9. [PMID: 15381153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different lines of evidence indicate that eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) can be ADP-ribosylated endogenously. The physiological significance of this reaction has, however, remained unclarified. In order to address this issue we investigated the in vivo ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 and the effect of oxidative stress thereon. The investigation revealed that the endogenous ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 is complex and can take place in K562 cell lysates either under the action of endogenous transferase from [adenosine-14C]NAD or by direct binding of free [14C]ADP-ribose. These two types of ADP-ribosylation were distinguished by use of different treatments based on the chemical stability of the respective bonds formed. Under standard culture conditions, in vivo labeling of eEF2 in the presence of [14C]adenosine was reversed to about 65% in the presence of diphtheria toxin and nicotinamide. This finding implied that the modification that took place under physiological circumstances was, mainly, of an enzymic nature. On the other hand, H2O2-promoted oxidative stress gave rise to a nearly two-fold increase in the extent of in vivo labeling of eEF2. This was accompanied by a loss of eEF2 activity in polypeptide chain elongation. Oxidative stress specifically inhibited the subsequent binding of free ADP-ribose to eEF2. The results thus provide evidence that endogenous ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 can also take place by the binding of free ADP-ribose. This nonenzymic reaction appears to account primarily for in vivo ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Bektaş
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34390 Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Perraud AL, Takanishi CL, Shen B, Kang S, Smith MK, Schmitz C, Knowles HM, Ferraris D, Li W, Zhang J, Stoddard BL, Scharenberg AM. Accumulation of free ADP-ribose from mitochondria mediates oxidative stress-induced gating of TRPM2 cation channels. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:6138-48. [PMID: 15561722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411446200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM2 is a member of the transient receptor potential melastatin-related (TRPM) family of cation channels, which possesses both ion channel and ADP-ribose hydrolase functions. TRPM2 has been shown to gate in response to oxidative and nitrosative stresses, but the mechanism through which TRPM2 gating is induced by these types of stimuli is not clear. Here we show through structure-guided mutagenesis that TRPM2 gating by ADP-ribose and both oxidative and nitrosative stresses requires an intact ADP-ribose binding cleft in the C-terminal nudix domain. We also show that oxidative/nitrosative stress-induced gating can be inhibited by pharmacological reagents predicted to inhibit NAD hydrolysis to ADP-ribose and by suppression of ADP-ribose accumulation by cytosolic or mitochondrial overexpression of an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes ADP-ribose. Overall, our data are most consistent with a model of oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced TRPM2 activation in which mitochondria are induced to produce free ADP-ribose and release it to the cytosol, where its subsequent accumulation induces TRPM2 gating via interaction within a binding cleft in the C-terminal NUDT9-H domain of TRPM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Perraud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, 1959 N.E Pacific Ave., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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28
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Collard F, Delpierre G, Stroobant V, Matthijs G, Van Schaftingen E. A mammalian protein homologous to fructosamine-3-kinase is a ketosamine-3-kinase acting on psicosamines and ribulosamines but not on fructosamines. Diabetes 2003; 52:2888-95. [PMID: 14633848 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.12.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) is an enzyme that appears to be responsible for the removal of fructosamines from proteins. In this study, we report the sequence of human and mouse cDNAs encoding proteins sharing 65% sequence identity with FN3K. The genes encoding FN3K and FN3K-related protein (FN3K-RP) are present next to each other on human chromosome 17q25, and they both have a similar 6-exon structure. Northern blots of mouse tissues RNAs indicate a high level of expression of both genes in bone marrow, brain, kidneys, and spleen. Human FN3K-RP was transfected in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, and the expressed protein was partially purified by chromatography on Blue Sepharose. Unlike FN3K, FN3K-RP did not phosphorylate fructoselysine, 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-fructose, or lysozyme glycated with glucose. In a more systematic screening for potential substrates for FN3K-RP, we found, however, that both enzymes phosphorylated ketosamines with a D-configuration in C3 (psicoselysine, 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-psicose, 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-ribulose, lysozyme glycated with allose-the C3 epimer of glucose, or with ribose). Tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the product of phosphorylation of 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-psicose by FN3K-RP indicated that this enzyme phosphorylates the third carbon of the sugar moiety. These results indicate that FN3K-RP is a ketosamine-3-kinase (ketosamine-3-kinase 2). This enzyme presumably plays a role in freeing proteins from ribulosamines or psicosamines, which might arise in a several step process, from the reaction of amines with glucose and/or glycolytic intermediates. This role is shared by fructosamine-3-kinase (ketosamine-3-kinase 1), which has, in addition, the unique capacity to phosphorylate fructosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Collard
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, ICP, and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Perraud AL, Shen B, Dunn CA, Rippe K, Smith MK, Bessman MJ, Stoddard BL, Scharenberg AM. NUDT9, a member of the Nudix hydrolase family, is an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:1794-801. [PMID: 12427752 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205601200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently characterized the protein product of the human NUDT9 gene as a highly specific ADP-ribose (ADPR) pyrophosphatase. We now report an analysis of the human NUDT9 gene and its potential alternative transcripts along with detailed studies of the enzymatic properties and cell biological behavior of human NUDT9 protein. Our analysis of the human NUDT9 gene and twenty-two distinct cloned NUDT9 transcripts indicates that the full-length NUDT9 alpha transcript is the dominant form, and suggests that an alternative NUDT9 beta transcript occurs as the result of a potentially aberrant splice from a cryptic donor site within the first exon to the splice acceptor site of exon 2. Computer analysis of the predicted protein of the NUDT9 alpha transcript identified an N-terminal signal peptide or subcellular targeting sequence. Using green fluorescence protein tagging, we demonstrate that the predicted human NUDT9 alpha protein is targeted highly specifically to mitochondria, whereas the predicted protein of the NUDT9 beta transcript, which is missing this sequence, exhibits no clear subcellular localization. Investigation of the physical and enzymatic properties of NUDT9 indicates that it is functional as a monomer, optimally active at near neutral pH, and that it requires divalent metal ions and an intact Nudix motif for enzymatic activity. Furthermore, partial proteolysis of NUDT9 suggests that NUDT9 enzymes consist of two distinct domains: a proteolytically resistant C-terminal domain retaining essentially full specific ADPR pyrophosphatase activity and a proteolytically labile N-terminal portion that functions to enhance the affinity of the C-terminal domain for ADPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Perraud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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30
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Abstract
Bio-reactive advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) alter the structure and function of molecules in biological systems and increase oxidative stress. These adverse effects of both exogenous and endogenously derived AGE have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and changes associated with ageing including atherosclerosis, renal, eye and neurological disease. Specific AGE receptors and nonreceptor mechanisms contribute to these processes but also assist in the removal and degradation of AGE. The final disposal of AGE depends on renal clearance. Promising pharmacologic strategies to prevent AGE formation, reduce AGE toxicity, and/or inactivate AGE are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vlassara
- Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY 10029, USA.
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31
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Wondrak GT, Varadarajan S, Butterfield DA, Jacobson MK. Formation of a protein-bound pyrazinium free radical cation during glycation of histone H1. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:557-67. [PMID: 11025199 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, the nonenzymatic reaction between protein amino groups and reducing sugars, induces protein damage that has been linked to several pathological conditions, especially diabetes, and general aging. Here we describe the direct identification of a protein-bound free radical formed during early glycation of histone H1 in vitro. Earlier EPR analysis of thermal browning reactions between free amino acids and reducing sugars has implicated the sugar fragmentation product glycolaldehyde in the generation of a 1,4-disubstituted pyrazinium free radical cation. In order to evaluate the potential formation of this radical in vivo, the early glycation of BSA, lysozyme, and histone H1 by several sugars (D-glucose, D-ribose, ADP-ribose, glycolaldehyde) under conditions of physiological pH and temperature was examined by EPR. The pyrazinium free radical cation was identified on histone H1 glycated by glycolaldehyde (g = 2.00539, aN = 8.01 [2N], aH = 5.26 [4H], aH = 2.72 [4H]), or ADP-ribose. Reaction of glycoaldehyde with poly-L-lysine produced an identical signal, whereas reaction with BSA or lysozyme produced only a minor unresolved singlet signal. In the absence of oxygen the signal was stable over several days. Our results raise the possibility that pyrazinium radicals may form during glycation of histone H1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Wondrak
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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32
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Litchfield JE, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Oxygen is not required for the browning and crosslinking of protein by pentoses: relevance to Maillard reactions in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1999; 31:1297-305. [PMID: 10605822 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(99)00091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemical modification and crosslinking of proteins by the Maillard or browning reaction contributes to the aging of tissue proteins, and acceleration of this reaction during hyperglycemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Metal-catalyzed autoxidation reactions catalyze the browning of proteins by glucose, a process known as autoxidative glycosylation, but the effects of oxidative conditions on browning of proteins by smaller sugars has not been reported. In this work we studied the browning and crosslinking of the model protein, RNase A, by pentoses. Although antioxidative conditions inhibited the formation of glyoxal and the advanced glycation end-product, N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine from arabinose, browning and crosslinking, and formation of the fluorescent crosslink pentosidine proceeded at comparable rates under oxidative and antioxidative conditions. These studies and other work on smaller dicarbonyl compounds indicate that Maillard reactions of simpler carbohydrates proceed efficiently in the absence of oxygen and suggest that antioxidant therapy for treatment of diabetic complications may have limited clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Litchfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
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Albrieux M, Lee HC, Villaz M. Calcium signaling by cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP, and inositol trisphosphate are involved in distinct functions in ascidian oocytes. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:14566-74. [PMID: 9603972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyl cyclase catalyzes the synthesis of two structurally and functionally different Ca2+ releasing molecules, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from beta-NAD and nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) from beta-NADP. Their Ca2+-mobilizing effects in ascidian oocytes were characterized in connection with that induced by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). Fertilization of the oocyte is accompanied by a decrease in the oocyte Ca2+ current and an increase in membrane capacitance due to the addition of membrane to the cell surface. Both of these electrical changes could be induced by perfusion, through a patch pipette, of nanomolar concentrations of cADPR or its precursor, beta-NAD, into unfertilized oocytes. The changes induced by beta-NAD showed a distinctive delay consistent with its enzymatic conversion to cADPR. The cADPR-induced changes were inhibited by preloading the oocytes with a Ca2+ chelator, indicating the effects were due to Ca2+ release induced by cADPR. Consistently, ryanodine (at high concentration) or 8-amino-cADPR, a specific antagonist of cADPR, but not heparin, inhibited the cADPR-induced changes. Both inhibitors likewise blocked the membrane insertion that normally occurred at fertilization consistent with it being mediated by a ryanodine receptor. The effects of NAADP were different from those of cADPR. Although NAADP induced a similar decrease in the Ca2+ current, no membrane insertion occurred. Moreover, pretreatment of the oocytes with NAADP inhibited the post-fertilization Ca2+ oscillation while cADPR did not. A similar Ca2+ oscillation could be artificially induced by perfusing into the oocytes a high concentration of InsP3 and NAADP could likewise inhibit such an InsP3-induced oscillation. This work shows that three independent Ca2+ signaling pathways are present in the oocytes and that each is involved in mediating distinct changes associated with fertilization. The results are consistent with a hierarchical organization of Ca2+ stores in the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albrieux
- Laboratoire Canaux Ioniques et Signalisation, DSV/DBMS, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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