1
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Zhuang X, Gallo G, Sharma P, Ha J, Magri A, Borrmann H, Harris JM, Tsukuda S, Bentley E, Kirby A, de Neck S, Yang H, Balfe P, Wing PA, Matthews D, Harris AL, Kipar A, Stewart JP, Bailey D, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infection by modulation of nucleolin expression. iScience 2024; 27:108763. [PMID: 38261926 PMCID: PMC10797196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global healthcare problem, causing respiratory illness in young children and elderly individuals. Our knowledge of the host pathways that define susceptibility to infection and disease severity are limited. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) define metabolic responses to low oxygen and regulate inflammatory responses in the lower respiratory tract. We demonstrate a role for HIFs to suppress RSV entry and RNA replication. We show that hypoxia and HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors reduce the expression of the RSV entry receptor nucleolin and inhibit viral cell-cell fusion. We identify a HIF regulated microRNA, miR-494, that regulates nucleolin expression. In RSV-infected mice, treatment with the clinically approved HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, Daprodustat, reduced the level of infectious virus and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils in the lung. This study highlights a role for HIF-signalling to limit multiple aspects of RSV infection and associated inflammation and informs future therapeutic approaches for this respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Kirby
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon de Neck
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Luganini A, Sibille G, Pavan M, Mello Grand M, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Chiorino G, Gribaudo G. Mechanisms of antiviral activity of the new hDHODH inhibitor MEDS433 against respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105734. [PMID: 37852322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections, for which no effective drugs are currently available. The development of new effective anti-RSV agents is therefore an urgent priority, and Host-Targeting Antivirals (HTAs) can be considered to target RSV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral avenue, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anti-RSV activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. MEDS433 was found to exert a potent antiviral activity against RSV-A and RSV-B in the one-digit nanomolar range. Analysis of the RSV replication cycle in MEDS433-treated cells, revealed that the hDHODH inhibitor suppressed the synthesis of viral genome, consistently with its ability to specifically target hDHODH enzymatic activity. Then, the capability of MEDS433 to induce the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) was identified as a second mechanism of its antiviral activity against RSV. Indeed, MEDS433 stimulated secretion of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 that, in turn, induced the expression of some ISG antiviral proteins, such as IFI6, IFITM1 and IRF7. Singly expression of these ISG proteins reduced RSV-A replication, thus likely contributing to the overall anti-RSV activity of MEDS433. Lastly, MEDS433 proved to be effective against RSV-A replication even in a primary human small airway epithelial cell model. Taken as a whole, these observations provide new insights for further development of MEDS433, as a promising candidate to develop new strategies for treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.
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3
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Bueno CA, Salinas FM, Vazquez L, Alché LE, Michelini FM. Two synthetic steroid analogs reduce human respiratory syncytial virus replication and the immune response to infection both in vitro and in vivo. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20148. [PMID: 37822633 PMCID: PMC10562772 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HRSV is responsible for many acute lower airway infections and hospitalizations in infants, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems around the world. The strong inflammatory response that mediates viral clearance contributes to pathogenesis, and is positively correlated with disease severity. There is no specific effective therapy on hand. Antiviral synthetic stigmastanes (22S, 23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (Compound 1) and 22,23-dihydroxystigmasta-1,4-dien-3-one (Compound 2) have shown to be active inhibiting unrelated virus like Herpes Simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) and Adenovirus, without cytotoxicity. We have also shown that Compound 1 modulates the activation of cell signaling pathways and cytokine secretion in infected epithelial cells as well as in inflammatory cells activated by nonviral stimuli. In the present work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of both compounds on HRSV replication and their modulatory effect on infected epithelial and inflammatory cells. We show that compounds 1 and 2 inhibit in vitro HRSV replication and propagation and reduce cytokine secretion triggered by HRSV infection in epithelial and inflammatory cells. The compounds reduce viral loads and inflammatory infiltration in the lungs of mice infected with HRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Bueno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco M. Salinas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Vazquez
- UOCCB (Unidad Operativa Centro de Contención Biológica), Instituto Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, ANLIS (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud), Argentina
| | - Laura E. Alché
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia M. Michelini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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McGill AR, Markoutsa E, Mayilsamy K, Green R, Sivakumar K, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. Acetate-encapsulated Linolenic Acid Liposomes Reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1429. [PMID: 37515117 PMCID: PMC10385125 DOI: 10.3390/v15071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent Coronaviridae viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) in 2019, have caused millions of deaths. These viruses have added to the existing respiratory infection burden along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. There are limited therapies for respiratory viruses, with broad-spectrum treatment remaining an unmet need. Since gut fermentation of fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with antiviral potential, developing a fatty acid-based broad-spectrum antiviral was investigated. Molecular docking of fatty acids showed α-linolenic acid (ALA) is likely to interact with CoV-2-S, NL63-CoV-S, and RSV-F, and an ALA-containing liposome interacted with CoV-2 directly, degrading the particle. Furthermore, a combination of ALA and a SCFA-acetate synergistically inhibited CoV2-N expression and significantly reduced viral plaque formation and IL-6 and IL-1β transcript expression in Calu-3 cells, while increasing the expression of IFN-β. A similar effect was also observed in RSV-infected A549 cells. Moreover, mice infected with a murine-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) and treated with an ALA-liposome encapsulating acetate showed significant reductions in plaque-forming units present in lung tissue and in infection-associated lung inflammation and cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ALA liposome-encapsulating acetate can be a promising broad antiviral therapy against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McGill
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ryan Green
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kavya Sivakumar
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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5
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Xue Y, Shi X, Feng D, Wang Y. The binding affinity of human pediatric respiratory syncytial virus Phosphoprotein's C-terminal tail to nucleocapsid can be improved by a rationally designed halogen-bonded system. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 118:108374. [PMID: 36401896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a common contagious virus that causes infections of pediatric pneumonia and specifically impacts infants and small children. The hRSV phosphoprotein is a key component of the viral RNA polymerase, which can interact with nucleocapsid and other partners through its C-terminal tail (CTT) to promote the formation of viral transcriptase complex, where the Phe241 is a key anchor residue. Based on the crystal template-modeled complex structure of hRSV nucleocapsid with a peptidic segment derived from the phosphoprotein's CTT, we successfully introduced a rationally designed halogen-bonded system to the complex interface by substituting para (p)-position of the side-chain phenyl moiety of CTT Phe241 residue with a halogen atom X (X = F, Cl, Br or I). The halogen-bonded system consists of a halogen bond (X-bond) between nucleocapsid Ser131 residue and CTT Phe241 residue as well as a hydrogen bond (H-bond) between nucleocapsid Ser131 residue and nucleocapsid Glu128 residue; the X-bond and H-bond share a common hydroxyl group of nucleocapsid Ser131 residue. High-level theoretical calculations suggested that bromine Br is the best choice that can render strong potency for the X-bond and can confer high affinity to the nucleocapsid-CTT binding. Affinity analysis revealed that the p-brominated CTT ([p]bCTT) exhibited 6.3-fold affinity improvement relative to its nonhalogenated counterpart. In contrast, the Br-substitutions at ortho (o)- and meta (m)-positions, which resulted in two negative controls of o-brominated [o]bCTT and m-brominated [m]bCTT, respectively, were unable to form effective X-bond with nucleocapsid according to theoretical investigation and did not improve the binding affinity essentially relative to native CTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Dengmei Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Lianshui People Hospital, Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianshui, 223400, China
| | - Yunhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Lianshui People Hospital, Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianshui, 223400, China.
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6
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Liu YL, Xie TA, Lin GL, Deng W, Lin QR, Pan ZY, Fan SJ, Li ZX, Ouyang S, Zhu GD, Ji TX, Wu LJ, Xia Y, Guo XG. Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV for detection of Influenza and Respiratory syncytial virus. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:183-191. [PMID: 34053954 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV is a fast and automated real-time nucleic acid amplification tool for detecting influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV in detecting influenza virus and RSV. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to October 2020. The quality of original research was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 guidelines. Meta-DiSc 1.4 software was used to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and Summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test was used to evaluate the publication bias by Stata 12.0. Ten studies with 25 fourfold tables were included in this analysis. The sensitivity of Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV in detecting influenza A, influenza B, and RSV was 0.97, 0.98, 0.96, respectively, and the specificity was 0.97, 1.00, 1.00, respectively. Compared with other common clinical real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV is a valuable tool for diagnosing influenza virus and RSV with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Tian-Ao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Geng-Ling Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qin-Rong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shu-Jin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shi Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, China
| | - Tian-Xing Ji
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Li-Juan Wu
- Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinan University, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
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7
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Markoutsa E, McGill AR, Singer A, Jadhav H, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. A multifunctional nanoparticle as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach targeting respiratory syncytial virus. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 32:102325. [PMID: 33186695 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has been a major health concern globally for decades, yet no effective prophylactic or treatment regimen is available. The key viral proteins responsible for RSV pathology include the fusion protein (F), the immunomodulatory non-structural-protein 1 (NS1) and the phosphoprotein (P) involved in viral replication. Herein, we developed a novel shell-core multifunctional nanosystem with dual payload: a plasmid construct encoding for shRNAs against NS1 and P, and an anti-fusion peptide (HR2D). Anti-ICAM1 antibody conjugated on the nanoparticle (NP) surface is used to target RSV infected cells. Our data show the potential of this nanosystem as a prophylactic and/or a therapeutic regimen against RSV infection. Furthermore, therapy of RSV infected mice with this nanosystem, in addition to reducing viral load, modulated expression of Th2 and allergy-associated cytokines such as IL4, IL-13 and IL-17 indicating a direct role of this nanosystem in the mechanisms involved in the immunoregulation of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Markoutsa
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA; Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew R McGill
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony Singer
- College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heta Jadhav
- College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA; Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA; Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Krivitskaya V, Komissarova K, Pisareva M, Sverlova M, Fadeev A, Petrova E, Timonina V, Sominina A, Danilenko D. Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein Sequence Variability among Isolates from St. Petersburg, Russia, during the 2013-2014 Epidemic Season. Viruses 2021; 13:119. [PMID: 33477301 PMCID: PMC7830914 DOI: 10.3390/v13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. It is actively evolving under environmental and herd immunity influences. This work presents, for the first time, sequence variability analysis of RSV G gene and G protein using St. Petersburg (Russia) isolates. Viruses were isolated in a cell culture from the clinical samples of 61 children hospitalized (January-April 2014) with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Real-time RT-PCR data showed that 56 isolates (91.8%) belonged to RSV-A and 5 isolates (8.2%) belonged to RSV-B. The G genes were sequenced for 27 RSV-A isolates and all of them belonged to genotype ON1/GA2. Of these RSV-A, 77.8% belonged to the ON1(1.1) genetic sub-cluster, and 14.8% belonged to the ON1(1.2) sub-cluster. The ON1(1.3) sub-cluster constituted a minor group (3.7%). Many single-amino acid substitutions were identified in the G proteins of St. Petersburg isolates, compared with the Canadian ON1/GA2 reference virus (ON67-1210A). Most of the amino acid replacements were found in immunodominant B- and T-cell antigenic determinants of G protein. These may affect the antigenic characteristics of RSV and influence the host antiviral immune response to currently circulating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Krivitskaya
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Kseniya Komissarova
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Maria Pisareva
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Maria Sverlova
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Artem Fadeev
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Ekaterina Petrova
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Veronika Timonina
- Children’s City Hospital of St. Olga, 194017 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna Sominina
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Daria Danilenko
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
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9
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Bergeron HC, Tripp RA. Emerging small and large molecule therapeutics for respiratory syncytial virus. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:285-294. [PMID: 32096420 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1735349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections and can lead to morbidity and mortality in the infant, elderly and immunocompromised. There is no vaccine and therapeutic interventions are limited. RSV disease research has yielded the development of several prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Several promising candidates are currently under investigation.Areas covered: Small and large molecule approaches to RSV treatment were examined and categorized by their mechanism of action using data from PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and from the sponsoring organizations publicly available pipeline information. These results are prefaced by an overview of RSV to provide the context for rational therapy development.Expert opinion: While small molecule drugs show promise for RSV treatment, we believe that large molecule therapy using anti-RSV G and F protein monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will most efficaciously and safely ameliorate RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison C Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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