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Conlon JM, Owolabi BO, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Amphibian host-defense peptides with potential for Type 2 diabetes therapy - an updated review. Peptides 2024; 175:171180. [PMID: 38401671 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigations conducted since 2018 have identified several host-defense peptides present in frog skin secretions whose properties suggest the possibility of their development into a new class of agent for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) therapy. Studies in vitro have described peptides that (a) stimulate insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells and isolated mouse islets, (b) display β-cell proliferative activity and protect against cytokine-mediated apoptosis and (c) stimulate production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inhibit production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Rhinophrynin-27, phylloseptin-3.2TR and temporin F are peptides with therapeutic potential. Studies in vivo carried out in db/db and high fat-fed mice have shown that twice-daily administration of [S4K]CPF-AM1 and [A14K]PGLa-AM1, analogs of peptides first isolated from the octoploid frog Xenopus amieti, over 28 days lowers circulating glucose and HbA1c concentrations, increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Peptide treatment produced potentially beneficial changes in the expression of skeletal muscle genes involved in insulin signaling and islet genes involved in insulin secretion in these murine models of T2D. Lead compounds uncovered by the study of frog HDPs may provide a basis for the design of new types of agents that can be used, alone or in combination with existing therapies, for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Bosede O Owolabi
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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Conlon JM, Sridhar A, Khan D, Cunning TS, Delaney JJ, Taggart MG, Ternan NG, Leprince J, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Attoub S, Mechkarska M. Multifunctional host-defense peptides isolated from skin secretions of the banana tree dwelling frog Boana platanera (Hylidae; Hylinae). Biochimie 2024; 223:23-30. [PMID: 38561076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Five host-defense peptides (figainin 2PL, hylin PL, raniseptin PL, plasticin PL, and peptide YL) were isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the banana tree dwelling frog Boana platanera (Hylidae; Hylinae) collected in Trinidad. Raniseptin PL (GVFDTVKKIGKAVGKFALGVAKNYLNS.NH2) and figainin 2PL (FLGTVLKLGKAIAKTVVPMLTNAMQPKQ. NH2) showed potent and rapid bactericidal activity against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative ESKAPE + pathogens and Clostridioides difficile. The peptides also showed potent cytotoxic activity (LC50 values < 30 μM) against A549, MDA-MB-231 and HT29 human tumor-derived cell lines but appreciably lower hemolytic activity against mouse erythrocytes (LC50 = 262 ± 14 μM for raniseptin PL and 157 ± 16 μM for figainin 2PL). Hylin PL (FLGLIPALAGAIGNLIK.NH2) showed relatively weak activity against microorganisms but was more hemolytic. The glycine-leucine-rich peptide with structural similarity to the plasticins (GLLSTVGGLVGGLLNNLGL.NH2) and the non-cytotoxic peptide YL (YVPGVIESLL.NH2) lacked antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Hylin PL, raniseptinPL and peptide YL stimulated the rate of release of insulin from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells at concentrations ≥100 nM. Peptide YL was the most effective (2.3-fold increase compared with basal rate at 1 μM concentration) and may represent a template for the design of a new class of incretin-based anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Ananyaa Sridhar
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Dawood Khan
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Taylor S Cunning
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Jack J Delaney
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Megan G Taggart
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Université Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, HeRacLeS, US 51, PRIMACEN, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UAR2026 HeRacLeS-PISSARO, CNRS UMR 6270 PBS, Université Rouen Normandie, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UAR2026 HeRacLeS-PISSARO, CNRS UMR 6270 PBS, Université Rouen Normandie, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
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Conlon JM, Guilhaudis L, Attoub S, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Mechkarska M. Purification, conformational analysis and cytotoxic activities of host-defense peptides from the Tungara frog Engystomops pustulosus (Leptodactylidae; Leiuperinae). Amino Acids 2023; 55:1349-1359. [PMID: 37548712 PMCID: PMC10689532 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The amphibian family Leptodactylidae is divided into three sub-families: Leiuperinae, Leptodactylinae, and Paratelmatobiinae. Host-defense peptides (HDPs) present in the skins of frogs belonging to the Leptodactylinae have been studied extensively, but information is limited regarding peptides from Leiuperinae species. Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Tungara frog Engystomops pustulosus (Leiuperinae) collected in Trinidad led to the isolation and structural characterization of previously undescribed pustulosin-1 (FWKADVKEIG KKLAAKLAEELAKKLGEQ), [Q28E] pustulosin-1 (pustulosin-2), and pustulosin-3 (DWKETAKELLKKIGAKVAQVISDKLNPAPQ). The primary structures of these peptides do not resemble those of previously described frog skin HDPs. In addition, the secretions contained tigerinin-1EP (GCKTYLIEPPVCT) with structural similarity to the tigerinins previously identified in skin secretions from frogs from the family Dicroglossidae. Pustulosin-1 and -3 adopted extended α-helical conformations in 25% trifluoroethanol-water and in the presence of cell membrane models (sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecylphosphocholine micelles). Pustulosin-1 and -3 displayed cytotoxic activity against a range of human tumor-derived cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, and HT29), but their therapeutic potential for development into anti-cancer agents is limited by their comparable cytotoxic activity against non-neoplastic human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The peptides also displayed weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 125 µM) but were inactive against Staphylococcus aureus. Tigerinin-1EP was inactive against both the tumor-derived cells and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Laure Guilhaudis
- Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Université Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UAR2026, HeRacLeS-PISSARO PBS UMR 6270, Université Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- CNRS UAR2026, HeRacLeS-PISSARO PBS UMR 6270, Université Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
- INSERM, Normandie Université, NorDiC UMR 1239, HeRacLeS, US 51, PRIMACEN, Université Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UAR2026, HeRacLeS-PISSARO PBS UMR 6270, Université Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Mechkarska M, Cunning TS, Taggart MG, Ternan NG, Leprince J, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Tena-Garcés J, Calvete JJ, Conlon JM. Identification of an Antimicrobial Peptide from the Venom of the Trinidad Thick-Tailed Scorpion Tityus trinitatis with Potent Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens and Clostridioides difficile. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1404. [PMID: 37760701 PMCID: PMC10525828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by the Trinidad thick-tailed scorpion Tityus trinitatis may result in fatal myocarditis and there is a high incidence of acute pancreatitis among survivors. Peptidomic analysis (reversed-phase HPLC followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and automated Edman degradation) of T. trinitatis venom led to the isolation and characterization of three peptides with antimicrobial activity. Their primary structures were established asTtAP-1 (FLGSLFSIGSKLLPGVFKLFSRKKQ.NH2), TtAP-2 (IFGMIPGLIGGLISAFK.NH2) and TtAP-3 (FFSLIPSLIGGLVSAIK.NH2). In addition, potassium channel and sodium channel toxins, present in the venom in high abundance, were identified by CID-MS/MS sequence analysis. TtAP-1 was the most potent against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and against the anaerobe Clostridioides difficile (MIC = 3.1-12.5 µg/mL). At a concentration of 1× MIC, TtAP-1 produced rapid cell death (<15 min against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus). The therapeutic potential of TtAP-1 as an anti-infective agent is limited by its high hemolytic activity (LC50 = 18 µg/mL against mouse erythrocytes) but the peptide constitutes a template for the design of analogs that maintain the high bactericidal activity against ESKAPE pathogens but are less toxic to human cells. It is suggested that the antimicrobial peptides in the scorpion venom facilitate the action of the neurotoxins by increasing the membrane permeability of cells from either prey or predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, St. Augustine Campus, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Taylor S. Cunning
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (T.S.C.); (M.G.T.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Megan G. Taggart
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (T.S.C.); (M.G.T.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Nigel G. Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (T.S.C.); (M.G.T.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSERM, NorDiC UMR 1239, HeRacLeS, US 51, PRIMACEN, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Laurent Coquet
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026 PISSARO, F-76000 Rouen, France; (L.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026 PISSARO, F-76000 Rouen, France; (L.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Jordi Tena-Garcés
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.T.-G.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Juan J. Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.T.-G.); (J.J.C.)
| | - J. Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
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Conlon JM, Guilhaudis L, Attoub S, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Mechkarska M. Purification, Conformational Analysis and Cytotoxic Activities of Host-Defense Peptides from the Giant Gladiator Treefrog Boana boans (Hylidae: Hylinae). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1102. [PMID: 37508198 PMCID: PMC10376367 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Frogs from the extensive amphibian family Hylidae are a rich source of peptides with therapeutic potential. Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Giant Gladiator Treefrog Boana boans (Hylidae: Hylinae) collected in Trinidad led to the isolation and structural characterization of five host-defense peptides with limited structural similarity to figainin 2 and picturin peptides from other frog species belonging to the genus Boana. In addition, the skin secretions contained high concentrations of tryptophyllin-BN (WRPFPFL) in both C-terminally α-amidated and non-amidated forms. Figainin 2BN (FLGVALKLGKVLG KALLPLASSLLHSQ) and picturin 1BN (GIFKDTLKKVVAAVLTTVADNIHPK) adopt α-helical conformations in trifluroethanol-water mixtures and in the presence of cell membrane models (sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecylphosphocholine micelles). The CD data also indicate contributions from turn structures. Both peptides and picturin 2BN (GLMDMLKKVGKVALT VAKSALLP) inhibited the growth of clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values in the range 7.8-62.5 µM. Figainin 2BN was potently cytotoxic to A549, MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 human tumor-derived cells (LC50 = 7-14 µM) but displayed comparable potency against non-neoplastic HUVEC cells (LC50 = 15 µM) indicative of lack of selectivity for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Laure Guilhaudis
- Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Université Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UAR2026 HeRacLeS-PISSARO, CNRS UMR 6270 PBS, Université Rouen Normandie, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U1239, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UAR2026 HeRacLeS-PISSARO, CNRS UMR 6270 PBS, Université Rouen Normandie, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, St. Augustine Campus, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Peptidomic analysis of the host-defense peptides in skin secretions of the Amazon River frog Lithobates palmipes (Ranidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101069. [PMID: 36868141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin secretions of certain frog species represent a source of host-defense peptides (HDPs) with therapeutic potential and their primary structures provide insight into taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. Peptidomic analysis was used to characterize the HDPs in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Amazon River frog Lithobates palmipes (Ranidae) collected in Trinidad. A total of ten peptides were purified and identified on the basis of amino acid similarity as belonging to the ranatuerin-2 family (ranatuerin-2PMa, -2PMb, -2PMc, and-2PMd), the brevinin-1 family (brevinin-1PMa, -1PMb, -1PMc and des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa) and the temporin family (temporin-PMa in C-terminally amidated and non-amidated forms). Deletion of the sequence VAAKVLP from brevinin-1PMa (FLPLIAGVAAKVLPKIFCAISKKC) in des[(8-14)brevinin-1PMa resulted in a 10-fold decrease in potency against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 31 μM compared with 3 μM) and a > 50-fold decrease in hemolytic activity but potency against Echerichia coli was maintained (MIC = 62.5 μM compared with 50 μM). Temporin-PMa (FLPFLGKLLSGIF.NH2) inhibited growth of S. aureus (MIC = 16 μM) but the non-amidated form of the peptide lacked antimicrobial activity. Cladistic analysis based upon the primary structures of ranaturerin-2 peptides supports the division of New World frogs of the family Ranidae into the genera Lithobates and Rana. A sister-group relationship between L. palmipes and Warszewitsch's frog Lithobates warszewitschii is indicated within a clade that includes the Tarahumara frog Lithobates tarahumarae. The study has provided further evidence that peptidomic analysis of HDPs in frog skin secretions is a valuable approach to elucidation of the evolutionary history of species within a particular genus.
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Barran G, Kolodziejek J, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Nowotny N, Conlon JM, Mechkarska M. Peptidomic Analysis of Skin Secretions of the Caribbean Frogs Leptodactylus insularum and Leptodactylus nesiotus (Leptodactylidae) Identifies an Ocellatin with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100718. [PMID: 33092132 PMCID: PMC7588904 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocellatins are peptides produced in the skins of frogs belonging to the genus Leptodactylus that generally display weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria only. Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from Leptodactylus insularum Barbour 1906 and Leptodactylus nesiotus Heyer 1994, collected in the Icacos Peninsula, Trinidad, led to the purification and structural characterization of five ocellatin-related peptides from L. insularum (ocellatin-1I together with its (1–16) fragment, ocellatin-2I and its (1–16) fragment, and ocellatin-3I) and four ocellatins from L. nesiotus (ocellatin-1N, -2N, -3N, and -4N). While ocellatins-1I, -2I, and -1N showed a typically low antimicrobial potency against Gram-negative bacteria, ocellatin-3N (GIFDVLKNLAKGVITSLAS.NH2) was active against an antibiotic-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and reference strains of Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range 31.25–62.5 μM), and was the only peptide active against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 31.25 μM) and Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 62.5 μM). The therapeutic potential of ocellatin-3N is limited by its moderate hemolytic activity (LC50 = 98 μM) against mouse erythrocytes. The peptide represents a template for the design of long-acting, non-toxic, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents for targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervonne Barran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France; (L.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U1239, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France; (L.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.K.); (N.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Helathcare City, P.O. Box 505055, Dubai, UAE
| | - J. Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago;
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.); (M.M.)
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Bioinformatic Analysis of 1000 Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides Uncovers Multiple Length-Dependent Correlations for Peptide Design and Prediction. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080491. [PMID: 32784626 PMCID: PMC7459754 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are widely distributed on different continents, except for the polar regions. They are important sources for the isolation, purification and characterization of natural compounds, including peptides with various functions. Innate immune antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. They may also have other biological functions such as endotoxin neutralization, chemotaxis, anti-inflammation, and wound healing. This article documents a bioinformatic analysis of over 1000 amphibian antimicrobial peptides registered in the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD) in the past 18 years. These anuran peptides were discovered in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and America from 1985 to 2019. Genomic and peptidomic studies accelerated the discovery pace and underscored the necessity in establishing criteria for peptide entry into the APD. A total of 99.9% of the anuran antimicrobial peptides are less than 50 amino acids with an average length of 24 and a net charge of +2.5. Interestingly, the various amphibian peptide families (e.g., temporins, brevinins, esculentins) can be connected through multiple length-dependent relationships. With an increase in length, peptide net charge increases, while the hydrophobic content decreases. In addition, glycine, leucine, lysine, and proline all show linear correlations with peptide length. These correlations improve our understanding of amphibian peptides and may be useful for prediction and design of new linear peptides with potential applications in treating infectious diseases, cancer and diabetes.
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Graham GV, Conlon JM, Abdel-Wahab YH, Flatt PR. Glucagon from the phylogenetically ancient paddlefish provides a template for the design of a long-acting peptide with effective anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173101. [PMID: 32320703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study has examined the in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic properties of the peptidase-resistant analogues [D-Ser2]palmitoyl-paddlefish glucagon and [D-Ser2]palmitoyl-lamprey glucagon. The peptides stimulated insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells and isolated mouse pancreatic islets and also enhanced cAMP production in cells transfected with the human GLP-1 receptor and with the human glucagon receptor. The insulinotropic actions of the peptides were attenuated in INS-1 cells lacking GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. [D-Ser2]palmitoyl-paddlefish glucagon stimulated proliferation of BRIN-BD11 cells and protected against cytokine-mediated apoptosis as effectively as GLP-1. The analogue was more effective than the native peptide or the lamprey glucagon analogue in acutely lowering blood glucose and elevating plasma insulin in lean mice even when administered up to 4 h before a glucose load. Twice daily administration of [D-Ser2]palmitoyl-paddlefish glucagon to high-fat fed mice over 21 days reduced food intake, body weight, non-fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations, as well as significantly improving glucose tolerance and insulin resistance and decreasing α-cell area and pancreatic insulin content. Islet expression of the Gcgr, Glp1r, Gipr and Slc2a2 (GLUT-2) genes significantly increased. These data demonstrate that long-acting peptide [D-Ser2]palmitoyl-paddlefish glucagon exerts beneficial metabolic properties in diabetic mice via Ggcr- and Glp1r-activated pathways and so shows potential as a template for further development into an agent for treatment of patients with obesity-related Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna V Graham
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Yasser H Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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10
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Conlon JM, Attoub S, Musale V, Leprince J, Casewell NR, Sanz L, Calvete JJ. Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic and insulin-releasing components from the venom of the black-necked spitting cobra Naja nigricollis (Elapidae). Toxicon X 2020; 6:100030. [PMID: 32550585 PMCID: PMC7285909 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Four peptides with cytotoxic activity against BRIN-BD11 rat clonal β-cells were purified from the venom of the black-necked spitting cobra Naja nigricollis using reversed-phase HPLC. The peptides were identified as members of the three-finger superfamily of snake toxins by ESI-MS/MS sequencing of tryptic peptides. The most potent peptide (cytotoxin-1N) showed strong cytotoxic activity against three human tumor-derived cell lines (LC50 = 0.8 ± 0.2 μM for A549 non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells; LC50 = 7 ± 1 μM for MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells; and LC50 = 9 ± 1 μM for HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells). However, all the peptides were to varying degrees cytotoxic against HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells (LC50 in the range 2–22 μM) and cytotoxin-2N was moderately hemolytic (LC50 = 45 ± 3 μM against mouse erythrocytes). The lack of differential activity against cells derived from non-neoplastic tissue limits their potential for development into anti-cancer agents. In addition, two proteins in the venom, identified as isoforms of phospholipase A2, effectively stimulated insulin release from BRIN-BD11 cells (an approximately 6-fold increase in rate compared with 5.6 mM glucose alone) at a concentration (1 μM) that was not cytotoxic to the cells suggesting possible application in therapy for Type 2 diabetes. Four members of the three-finger superfamily of toxins were isolated from N. nigricollis venom. All peptides were cytotoxic to human tumor-derived cells. The peptides were also cytotoxic to non-neoplastic HUVEC cells. Two isoforms of phospholipase A2 effectively stimulated insulin release from rat clonal β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Ireland
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishal Musale
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Ireland
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U1239, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Libia Sanz
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Graham GV, McCloskey A, Abdel-Wahab YH, Conlon JM, Flatt PR. A long-acting, dual-agonist analogue of lamprey GLP-1 shows potent insulinotropic, β-cell protective, and anorexic activities and improves glucose homeostasis in high fat-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110584. [PMID: 31539596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptidase-resistant analogues of GLP-1 peptides from sea lamprey and paddlefish ([D-Ala2]palmitoyl-lamprey GLP-1 and [D-Ala2]palmitoyl-paddlefish GLP-1) produced significant (P ≤ 0.05) and concentration-dependent increases in insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells and from isolated mouse islets. Both analogues retained the ability of the native peptides to activate both the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). [D-Ala2]palmitoyl-lamprey GLP-1 significantly (P < 0.001) stimulated proliferation of BRIN-BD11 cells and protected against cytokine-induced apoptosis. Administration of the lamprey analogue (25 nmol/kg body weight) to lean mice up to 4 h before a glucose load improved glucose tolerance and increased plasma insulin concentrations. Twice daily administration of the lamprey GLP-1 analogue to high fat-fed mice for 21 days decreased body weight, food intake, and circulating glucose and insulin concentrations. The analogue significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with beneficial effects on islet β-cell area and insulin secretory responsiveness. Islet gene expression of Glp1r, Gcgr and Gipr significantly increased. The lamprey GLP-1 analogue shows therapeutic promise for treatment of patients with obesity-related Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna V Graham
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew McCloskey
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yasser H Abdel-Wahab
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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12
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Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Leprince J. Peptidomic analysis in the discovery of therapeutically valuable peptides in amphibian skin secretions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:897-908. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1693894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Conlon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies at Saint Augustine, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Equipe Facteurs Neurotrophiques et Différenciation Neuronale, Universite de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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13
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Graham GV, Conlon JM, Abdel-Wahab YH, Flatt PR. Glucagon-like peptides-1 from phylogenetically ancient fish show potent anti-diabetic activities by acting as dual GLP1R and GCGR agonists. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:54-64. [PMID: 30312651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptides-1 (GLP-1)from phylogenetically ancient fish (lamprey, dogfish, ratfish, paddlefish and bowfin) and from a teleost, the rainbow trout produced concentration-dependent stimulations of insulin release from clonal β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Lamprey and paddlefish GLP-1 were the most potent and effective. Incubation of BRIN-BD11 cells with GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) antagonist, exendin-4 (9-39) attenuated insulinotropic activity of all peptides whereas glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonist [des-His1,Pro4,Glu9] glucagon amide significantly decreased the activities of lamprey and paddlefish GLP-1 only. The GIP receptor antagonist GIP (6-30) Cex-K40 [Pal] attenuated the activity of bowfin GLP-1. All peptides (1 μM) produced significant increases in cAMP concentration in CHL cells transfected with GLP1R but only lamprey and paddlefish GLP-1 stimulated cAMP production in HEK293 cells transfected with GCGR. Intraperitoneal administration of lamprey and paddlefish GLP-1 (25 nmol/kg body weight) in mice produced significant decreases in blood glucose and increased insulin concentrations comparable to the effects of human GLP-1. Lamprey and paddlefish GLP-1 display potent insulinotropic activity in vitro and glucose-lowering activity in vivo that is mediated through GLP1R and GCGR so that these peptides may constitute templates for design of new antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna V Graham
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Yasser H Abdel-Wahab
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
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14
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Mechkarska M, Kolodziejek J, Musale V, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Nowotny N, Conlon JM. Peptidomic analysis of the host-defense peptides in skin secretions of Rana graeca provides insight into phylogenetic relationships among Eurasian Rana species. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 29:228-234. [PMID: 30599276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Greek stream frog Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891 led to the identification and structural characterization of a range of host-defense peptides. These comprised brevinin-1GRa, brevinin-1GRb and an N-terminally extended form of brevinin-1GRb, ranatuerin-2GR together with its oxidized form and (11-28) fragment, temporin-GRa, temporin-GRb and its non-amidated form, and a melittin-related peptide, MRP-GR and its (1-18) fragment. The most abundant peptide, MRP-GR significantly (P < 0.001) stimulated insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells at concentrations ≥0.1 nM. Rana graeca (formerly Rana graeca graeca) and the morphologically similar Italian stream frog Rana italica Dubois, 1987 (formerly Rana graeca italica) were originally regarded as sub-species. However, the primary structures of the host defense peptides from both frogs support the claim based upon comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of S1 satellite DNA that R. graeca and R. italica are separate species. Cladistic analyses based upon the primary structures of the brevinin-1 and ranatuerin-2 peptides from Eurasian frogs indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between R. graeca and Rana latastei whereas R. italica is most closely related to Rana dalmatina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vishal Musale
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U1239, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, N. Ireland, UK.
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15
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Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Leprince J, Auguste RJ, Jouenne T, Mangoni ML, Conlon JM. Peptidomic analysis of the host-defense peptides in skin secretions of the Trinidadian leaf frog Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Phyllomedusidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Graham GV, Conlon JM, Abdel-Wahab YH, Flatt PR. Glucagon-related peptides from phylogenetically ancient fish reveal new approaches to the development of dual GCGR and GLP1R agonists for type 2 diabetes therapy. Peptides 2018; 110:19-29. [PMID: 30391422 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulinotropic and antihyperglycaemic properties of glucagons from the sea lamprey (Petromyzontiformes), paddlefish (Acipenseriformes) and trout (Teleostei) and oxyntomodulin from dogfish (Elasmobranchii) and ratfish (Holocephali) were compared with those of human glucagon and GLP-1 in mammalian test systems. All fish peptides produced concentration-dependent stimulation of insulin release from BRIN-BD11 rat and 1.1 B4 human clonal β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Paddlefish glucagon was the most potent and effective peptide. The insulinotropic activity of paddlefish glucagon was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased after incubating BRIN-BD11 cells with the GLP1R antagonist, exendin-4(9-39) and the GCGR antagonist [des-His1,Pro4, Glu9] glucagon amide but GIPR antagonist, GIP(6-30)Cex-K40[palmitate] was without effect. Paddlefish and lamprey glucagons and dogfish oxyntomodulin (10 nmol L-1) produced significant (P < 0.01) increases in cAMP concentration in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells transfected with GLP1R and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells transfected with GCGR. The insulinotropic activity of paddlefish glucagon was attenuated in CRISPR/Cas9-engineered GLP1R knock-out INS-1 cells but not in GIPR knock-out cells. Intraperitoneal administration of all fish peptides, except ratfish oxyntomodulin, to mice together with a glucose load produced significant (P < 0.05) decreases in plasma glucose concentrations and paddlefish glucagon produced a greater release of insulin compared with GLP-1. Paddlefish glucagon shares the sequences Glu15-Glu16 and Glu24-Trp25-Leu26-Lys27-Asn28-Gly29 with the potent GLP1R agonist, exendin-4 so may be regarded as a naturally occurring, dual-agonist hybrid peptide that may serve as a template design of new drugs for type 2 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna V Graham
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Yasser H Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
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