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Hosseini SM, Borys B, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Neural stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury repair: an update on recent preclinical and clinical advances. Brain 2024; 147:766-793. [PMID: 37975820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of lifelong disabilities. Permanent sensory, motor and autonomic impairments after SCI are substantially attributed to degeneration of spinal cord neurons and axons, and disintegration of neural network. To date, minimal regenerative treatments are available for SCI with an unmet need for new therapies to reconstruct the damaged spinal cord neuron-glia network and restore connectivity with the supraspinal pathways. Multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a unique capacity to generate neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Due to this capacity, NPCs have been an attractive cell source for cellular therapies for SCI. Transplantation of NPCs has been extensively tested in preclinical models of SCI in the past two decades. These studies have identified opportunities and challenges associated with NPC therapies. While NPCs have the potential to promote neuroregeneration through various mechanisms, their low long-term survival and integration within the host injured spinal cord limit the functional benefits of NPC-based therapies for SCI. To address this challenge, combinatorial strategies have been developed to optimize the outcomes of NPC therapies by enriching SCI microenvironment through biomaterials, genetic and pharmacological therapies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion on recent advances in preclinical NPC-based therapies for SCI. We will discuss modes of actions and mechanism by which engrafted NPCs contribute to the repair process and functional recovery. We will also provide an update on current clinical trials and new technologies that have facilitated preparation of medical-grade human NPCs suitable for transplantation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ben Borys
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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2
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Zhou H, Wang J, Wen T. The molecular neural mechanism underlying the acceleration of brain aging due to Dcf1 deficiency. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103884. [PMID: 37506857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the continuous increase in human life expectancy, the management of aging-related diseases has become an urgent issue. The brain dominates the central nervous system; therefore, brain aging is a key area of aging-related research. We previously uncovered that dendritic cell factor 1 (Dcf1) maintains the stemness of neural stem cells and its expression in Drosophila can prolong lifespan, suggesting an association between Dcf1 and aging; however, the specific underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we show for the first time that hippocampal neurogenesis is decreased in aged Dcf1-/- mice, which leads to a decrease in the number of brain neurons and an increased number of senescent cells. Moreover, astrocytes proliferate abnormally and express elevated mRNA levels of aging-related factors, in addition to displaying increased activation of Akt and Foxo3a. Finally, behavioral tests confirm that aged Dcf1-/- mice exhibit a significant decline in cognitive abilities related to learning and memory. In conclusion, we reveal a novel mechanism underlying brain aging triggered by Dcf1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels, providing a new perspective for the exploration of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University Shanghai, China.
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3
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Su D, Jiang W, Yuan Q, Guo L, Liu Q, Zhang M, Kang C, Xiao C, Yang C, Li L, Xu C, Zhou T, Zhang J. Chronic exposure to aflatoxin B1 increases hippocampal microglial pyroptosis and vulnerability to stress in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114991. [PMID: 37172405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure may increase the risk of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Stress is considered one of the main contributors to major depressive disorder. Whether and how chronic AFB1 exposure affects vulnerability to stress is unclear. METHODS Mice were exposed for three weeks to AFB1 (100 µg/kg/d) and/or chronic mild stress (CMS). The vulnerability behaviors in response to stress were assessed in the forced swimming test (FST), sucrose preference test (SPT), and tail suspension test (TST). Microglial pyroptosis was investigated using immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and western blot assay in the hippocampus of mice. Hippocampal neurogenesis and the effects of AFB1-treated microglia on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) were assessed via immunofluorescence in the hippocampus of mice. RESULTS Mice exposed to CMS in the presence of AFB1 exhibited markedly greater vulnerability to stress than mice treated with CMS or AFB1 alone, as indicated by reduced sucrose preference and longer immobility time in the forced swimming test. Chronic aflatoxin B1 exposure resulted in changes in the microglial morphology and increase in TUNEL+ microglia and GSDMD+ microglia in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. When mice were exposed to both CMS and AFB1, pyroptosis-related molecules (such as NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD-N, and interleukin-1β) were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus. These molecules were also significantly enhanced by AFB1 in primary microglial cultures. AFB1-treated mice showed decrease in the numbers of BrdU+, BrdU-DCX+, and BrdU-NeuN+ cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, as well as the percentages of BrdU+ cells that were NeuN+ in the presence or absence of CMS when compared with vehicle-treated mice. The combination of AFB1 and CMS exacerbated these effects to an even greater extent. The number of DCX+ cells correlated negatively with the percentage of ameboid microglia, TUNEL+ microglia and GSDMD+ microglia in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. AFB1-treated microglia suppressed the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSPCs in vitro. CONCLUSION Chronic AFB1 exposure induces microglial pyroptosis, promoting an adverse neurogenic microenvironment that impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, which may render mice more vulnerable to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Su
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingsong Yuan
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chuangzhi Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changgui Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liangyuan Li
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunyun Xu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
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4
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Guo W, Zhang X, Zhai J, Xue J. The roles and applications of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:966866. [PMID: 36105599 PMCID: PMC9465243 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.966866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), which has no current cure, places a severe burden on patients. Stem cell-based therapies are considered promising in attempts to repair injured spinal cords; such options include neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into neuronal and neuroglial lineages. This feature makes NSCs suitable candidates for regenerating injured spinal cords. Many studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of NSCs. In this review, we discuss from an integrated view how NSCs can help SCI repair. We will discuss the sources and therapeutic potential of NSCs, as well as representative pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of NSC-based therapies for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Zhai, ; Jiajia Xue,
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Zhai, ; Jiajia Xue,
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5
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Azari H. Isolation and Enrichment of Defined Neural Cell Populations from Heterogeneous Neural Stem Cell Progeny. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2389:111-123. [PMID: 34558007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1783-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The renewable source of neural stem cells (NSCs) with multi-lineage differentiation capability toward neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes represents an ideal supply for cell therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In spite of this, the clinical use of NSCs is hampered by heterogeneity, poor neuronal cell yield, predominant astrocytic differentiation of NSC progeny, and possible uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation upon transplantation. The ability to generate highly enriched and defined neural cell populations from the renewable source of NSCs might overcome many of these impediments and pave the way toward their successful clinical applications.Here, we describe a simple method for NSC differentiation and subsequent purification of neuronal progenitor cells, taking advantage of size and granularity differences between neuronal cells and other NSC progeny. This highly enriched neuronal cell population provides an invaluable source of cells for both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Sandiarini-Kamayana J. The use of adipose-derived stem cells in cell assisted lipotransfer as potential regenerative therapy in breast reconstruction. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients is performed as a standard of care to improve patients' quality of life, physical and psychosocial well-being. Stem cell therapy holds a promise in regenerative medicine, including in breast reconstruction. This review explores the potential use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in cell assisted lipotransfer (CAL) for reconstruction of the breast. The review of literature was done using electronic databases using appropriate keywords, including "adipose-derived stem cell", "stem cell therapy", "adipose-derived stem cell", "cell-assisted lipotransfer", "regenerative therapy", "breast cancer" and "breast reconstruction", with literatures limited to ten years post publication. Adipose-derived stem cells are multipotent cells with angiogenic and immunomodulatory potential. Several studies reveal ADSCs use in CAL results in long-term breast volume retention suggesting improved fat graft survival. Some conflicting outcomes are also discussed, potentially related to numbers of cells enriched and factors affecting the cells' microenvironment. The use of ADSCs in CAL may be beneficial for therapy of breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients after surgical management. Further investigation would be needed to improve the confidence of its clinical use.
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7
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Carroll JA, Foliaki ST, Haigh CL. A 3D cell culture approach for studying neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 358:109201. [PMID: 33932455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are highly complex making them challenging to model in cell culture. All cell types of the brain have been implicated as exerting an effect on pathogenesis, and disease progression is likely influenced by the cross-talk between the different cell types. Sophisticated investigation of the cellular level consequences of cross-talk between different cells types requires three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems. NEW METHOD Murine neural stem cells were differentiated into mixed-neuronal lineage populations in 3D culture. By seeding these differentiated cultures with microglia from adult brain, we have generated a 3D ex-vivo model of murine brain tissue populated with microglia. RESULTS Monitoring the infiltration of GFP-expressing microglia into the 3D neuronal lineage cultures showed population throughout the tissue and assumption of ramified homeostatic morphology by the microglia. The co-cultures showed good longevity and were functionally responsive to external stimuli. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We have previously used 2-dimensional adhered cultures to model cell-cell interactions between microglia and neuronal lineage cells. While the microglia integrate well into these cultures and demonstrate inter-cellular cross-talk, it is known that adhered culture can change their activation state and therefore a 3D system better represents communication throughout a network of neuronal and support cells. CONCLUSIONS Our system offers a straight-forward and time effective way to model 3D mouse brain tissue that is responsive to external neuroinflammatory stimulus. It not only allows inter-cellular interactions to be studied in live tissue but additionally permits study of changes within any available mouse genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Carroll
- TSE/Prion and Retroviral Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Simote T Foliaki
- Prion Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Cathryn L Haigh
- Prion Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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8
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Zhou H, Yang H, Lu L, Li X, Pan B, Fu Z, Chu T, Liu J, Kang Y, Liu L, Ning G, Ding W, Wu P, Kong X, Feng S. A modified protocol for the isolation, culture, and cryopreservation of rat embryonic neural stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:156. [PMID: 33093894 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are characterized by their potential for self-renewal and ability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. They are of great value to scientific studies and clinical applications. Culturing NSCs in vitro is important for characterizing their properties under controlled environmental conditions that may be modified and monitored accurately. The present study explored a modified, detailed and efficient protocol for the isolation, culture and cryopreservation of rat embryonic NSCs. In particular, the viability, nestin expression, and self-renewal and multi-differentiation capabilities of NSCs cryopreserved for various periods of time (7 days, or 1, 6 or 12 months) were characterized and compared. Rat embryonic NSCs were successfully obtained and maintained their self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capabilities even following long-term cryopreservation (for up to 12 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Tianci Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1043, USA
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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9
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Cicvaric A, Sachernegg HM, Stojanovic T, Symmank D, Smani T, Moeslinger T, Uhrin P, Monje FJ. Podoplanin Gene Disruption in Mice Promotes in vivo Neural Progenitor Cells Proliferation, Selectively Impairs Dentate Gyrus Synaptic Depression and Induces Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:561. [PMID: 32009902 PMCID: PMC6974453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (Pdpn), a brain-tumor-related glycoprotein identified in humans and animals, is endogenously expressed in several organs critical for life support such as kidney, lung, heart and brain. In the brain, Pdpn has been identified in proliferative nestin-positive adult neural progenitor cells and in neurons of the neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a structure associated to anxiety, critical for learning and memory functions and severely damaged in people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The in vivo role of Pdpn in adult neurogenesis and anxiety-like behavior remained however unexplored. Using mice with disrupted Pdpn gene as a model organism and applying combined behavioral, molecular biological and electrophysiological assays, we here show that the absence of Pdpn selectively impairs long-term synaptic depression in the neurogenic DG without affecting the CA3-Schaffer's collateral-CA1 synapses. Pdpn deletion also enhanced the proliferative capacity of DG neural progenitor cells and diminished survival of differentiated neuronal cells in vitro. In addition, mice with podoplanin gene disruption showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in experimentally validated behavioral tests as compared to wild type littermate controls. Together, these findings broaden our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in vivo and reveal Pdpn as a novel molecular target for future studies addressing general anxiety disorder and synaptic depression-related memory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cicvaric
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah M. Sachernegg
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dörte Symmank
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/University of Seville/CIBERCV, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Moeslinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Sipahi R, Zupanc GKH. Stochastic cellular automata model of neurosphere growth: Roles of proliferative potential, contact inhibition, cell death, and phagocytosis. J Theor Biol 2019; 445:151-165. [PMID: 29477556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from the central nervous system form, under specific culture conditions, clonal cell clusters known as neurospheres. The neurosphere assay has proven to be a powerful in vitro system to study the behavior of such cells and the development of their progeny. However, the theory of neurosphere growth has remained poorly understood. To overcome this limitation, we have, in the present paper, developed a cellular automata model, with which we examined the effects of proliferative potential, contact inhibition, cell death, and clearance of dead cells on growth rate, final size, and composition of neurospheres. Simulations based on this model indicated that the proliferative potential of the founder cell and its progenitors has a major influence on neurosphere size. On the other hand, contact inhibition of proliferation limits the final size, and reduces the growth rate, of neurospheres. The effect of this inhibition is particularly dramatic when a stem cell becomes encapsulated by differentiated or other non-proliferating cells, thereby suppressing any further mitotic division - despite the existing proliferative potential of the stem cell. Conversely, clearance of dead cells through phagocytosis is predicted to accelerate growth by reducing contact inhibition. A surprising prediction derived from our model is that cell death, while resulting in a decrease in growth rate and final size of neurospheres, increases the degree of differentiation of neurosphere cells. It is likely that the cellular automata model developed as part of the present investigation is applicable to the study of tissue growth in a wide range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Sipahi
- Complex Dynamic Systems and Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Hoang-Minh LB, Siebzehnrubl FA, Yang C, Suzuki-Hatano S, Dajac K, Loche T, Andrews N, Schmoll Massari M, Patel J, Amin K, Vuong A, Jimenez-Pascual A, Kubilis P, Garrett TJ, Moneypenny C, Pacak CA, Huang J, Sayour EJ, Mitchell DA, Sarkisian MR, Reynolds BA, Deleyrolle LP. Infiltrative and drug-resistant slow-cycling cells support metabolic heterogeneity in glioblastoma. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798772. [PMID: 30322894 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been described in rapidly growing tumors, which are thought to mostly contain fast-cycling cells (FCCs) that have impaired mitochondrial function and rely on aerobic glycolysis. Here, we characterize the metabolic landscape of glioblastoma (GBM) and explore metabolic specificities as targetable vulnerabilities. Our studies highlight the metabolic heterogeneity in GBM, in which FCCs harness aerobic glycolysis, and slow-cycling cells (SCCs) preferentially utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for their functions. SCCs display enhanced invasion and chemoresistance, suggesting their important role in tumor recurrence. SCCs also demonstrate increased lipid contents that are specifically metabolized under glucose-deprived conditions. Fatty acid transport in SCCs is targetable by pharmacological inhibition or genomic deletion of FABP7, both of which sensitize SCCs to metabolic stress. Furthermore, FABP7 inhibition, whether alone or in combination with glycolysis inhibition, leads to overall increased survival. Our studies reveal the existence of GBM cell subpopulations with distinct metabolic requirements and suggest that FABP7 is central to lipid metabolism in SCCs and that targeting FABP7-related metabolic pathways is a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Changlin Yang
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle Dajac
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tyler Loche
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Schmoll Massari
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jaimin Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Krisha Amin
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alvin Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Kubilis
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig Moneypenny
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Putatunda R, Zhang Y, Li F, Yang XF, Barbe MF, Hu W. Adult neurogenic deficits in HIV-1 Tg26 transgenic mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:287. [PMID: 30314515 PMCID: PMC6182864 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even in the antiretroviral treatment (ART) era, HIV-1-infected patients suffer from milder forms of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). While the viral proteins Tat and gp120 have been shown to individually inhibit the proliferation and neural differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), no studies have characterized the effects of all the combined viral proteins on adult neurogenesis. Methods The HIV-1 Tg26 transgenic mouse model was used due to its clinical relevance to ART-controlled HIV-1-infected patients who lack active viral replication but suffer from continuous stress from the viral proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to validate the expression of viral genes in the neurogenic zones. In vitro stemness and lineage differentiation assays were performed in cultured NSCs from HIV-1 Tg26 transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates. Hippocampal neurogenic lineage analysis was performed to determine potential changes in initial and late differentiation of NSCs in the subgranular zone (SGZ). Finally, fluorescent retroviral labeling of mature dentate granule neurons was performed to assess dendritic complexity and dendritic spine densities. Results Varying copy numbers of partial gag (p17), tat (unspliced and spliced variants), env (gp120), vpu, and nef transcripts were detected in the neurogenic zones of Tg26 mice. Significantly fewer primary neurospheres and a higher percentage of larger sized primary neurospheres were generated from Tg26 NSCs than from littermated wild-type mouse NSCs, implying that Tg26 mouse NSCs exhibit deficits in initial differentiation. In vitro differentiation assays revealed that Tg26 mouse NSCs have reduced neuronal differentiation and increased astrocytic differentiation. In the SGZs of Tg26 mice, significantly higher amounts of quiescent NSCs, as well as significantly lower levels of active NSCs, proliferating neural progenitor cells, and neuroblasts, were observed. Finally, newborn mature granule neurons in the dentate gyri of Tg26 mice had deficiencies in dendritic arborization, dendritic length, and dendritic spine density. Conclusions Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that HIV-1 Tg26 mice have early- and late-stage neurogenesis deficits, which could possibly contribute to the progression of HAND. Future therapies should be targeting this process to ameliorate, if not eliminate HAND-like symptoms in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Putatunda
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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13
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Geissler SA, Sabin AL, Besser RR, Gooden OM, Shirk BD, Nguyen QM, Khaing ZZ, Schmidt CE. Biomimetic hydrogels direct spinal progenitor cell differentiation and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:025004. [PMID: 29303112 PMCID: PMC5988207 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaa55c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demyelination that results from disease or traumatic injury, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), can have a devastating effect on neural function and recovery. Many researchers are examining treatments to minimize demyelination by improving oligodendrocyte availability in vivo. Transplantation of stem and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is a promising option, however, trials are plagued by undirected differentiation. Here we introduce a biomaterial that has been optimized to direct the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) toward oligodendrocytes as a cell delivery vehicle after SCI. APPROACH A collagen-based hydrogel was modified to mimic the mechanical properties of the neonatal spinal cord, and components present in the developing extracellular matrix were included to provide appropriate chemical cues to the NPCs to direct their differentiation toward oligodendrocytes. The hydrogel with cells was then transplanted into a unilateral cervical contusion model of SCI to examine the functional recovery with this treatment. Six behavioral tests and histological assessment were performed to examine the in vivo response to this treatment. MAIN RESULTS Our results demonstrate that we can achieve a significant increase in oligodendrocyte differentiation of NPCs compared to standard culture conditions using a three-component biomaterial composed of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and laminin that has mechanical properties matched to those of neonatal neural tissue. Additionally, SCI rats with hydrogel transplants, with and without NPCs, showed functional recovery. Animals transplanted with hydrogels with NPCs showed significantly increased functional recovery over six weeks compared to the media control group. SIGNIFICANCE The three-component hydrogel presented here has the potential to provide cues to direct differentiation in vivo to encourage regeneration of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A Geissler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America. J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Alzu'bi A, Lindsay SJ, Harkin LF, McIntyre J, Lisgo SN, Clowry GJ. The Transcription Factors COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII have Distinct Roles in Arealisation and GABAergic Interneuron Specification in the Early Human Fetal Telencephalon. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4971-4987. [PMID: 28922831 PMCID: PMC5903418 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In human telencephalon at 8-12 postconceptional weeks, ribonucleic acid quantitative sequencing and immunohistochemistry revealed cortical chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor 1 (COUP-TFI) expression in a high ventro-posterior to low anterior gradient except for raised immunoreactivity in the anterior ventral pallium. Unlike in mouse, COUP-TFI and SP8 were extensively co-expressed in dorsal sensory neocortex and dorsal hippocampus whereas COUPTFI/COUPTFII co-expression defined ventral temporal cortex and ventral hippocampus. In the ganglionic eminences (GEs) COUP-TFI immunoreactivity demarcated the proliferative zones of caudal GE (CGE), dorsal medial GE (MGE), MGE/lateral GE (LGE) boundary, and ventral LGE whereas COUP-TFII was limited to ventral CGE and the MGE/LGE boundary. Co-labeling with gamma amino butyric acidergic interneuron markers revealed that COUP-TFI was expressed in subpopulations of either MGE-derived (SOX6+) or CGE-derived (calretinin+/SP8+) interneurons. COUP-TFII was mainly confined to CGE-derived interneurons. Twice as many GAD67+ cortical cells co-labeled for COUP-TFI than for COUP-TFII. A fifth of COUP-TFI cells also co-expressed COUP-TFII, and cells expressing either transcription factor followed posterior or anterio-lateral pathways into the cortex, therefore, a segregation of migration pathways according to COUP-TF expression as proposed in mouse was not observed. In cultures differentiated from isolated human cortical progenitors, many cells expressed either COUP-TF and 30% also co-expressed GABA, however no cells expressed NKX2.1. This suggests interneurons could be generated intracortically from progenitors expressing either COUP-TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alzu'bi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Susan J Lindsay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lauren F Harkin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Present address: School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Jack McIntyre
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Steven N Lisgo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Galindo LT, Mundim MTVV, Pinto AS, Chiarantin GMD, Almeida MES, Lamers ML, Horwitz AR, Santos MF, Porcionatto M. Chondroitin Sulfate Impairs Neural Stem Cell Migration Through ROCK Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3185-3195. [PMID: 28477140 PMCID: PMC5842503 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries such as trauma and stroke lead to glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes which produce and secret axonal outgrowth inhibitors. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) constitute a well-known class of extracellular matrix molecules produced at the glial scar and cause growth cone collapse. The CSPG glycosaminoglycan side chains composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) are responsible for its inhibitory activity on neurite outgrowth and are dependent on RhoA activation. Here, we hypothesize that CSPG also impairs neural stem cell migration inhibiting their penetration into an injury site. We show that DCX+ neuroblasts do not penetrate a CSPG-rich injured area probably due to Nogo receptor activation and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway as we demonstrate in vitro with neural stem cells cultured as neurospheres and pull-down for RhoA. Furthermore, CS-impaired cell migration in vitro induced the formation of large mature adhesions and altered cell protrusion dynamics. ROCK inhibition restored migration in vitro as well as decreased adhesion size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla T Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Agnes S Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly M D Chiarantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Maíra E S Almeida
- Physiopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 22903, USA
| | - Marinilce F Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Geranmayeh MH, Baghbanzadeh A, Barin A, Salar-Amoli J, Dehghan MM, Rahbarghazi R, Azari H. Paracrine Neuroprotective Effects of Neural Stem Cells on Glutamate-Induced Cortical Neuronal Cell Excitotoxicity. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:515-21. [PMID: 26819924 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system. Excessive glutamate releasing overactivates its receptors and changes calcium homeostasis that in turn leads to a cascade of intracellular events causing neuronal degeneration. In current study, we used neural stem cells conditioned medium (NSCs-CM) to investigate its neuroprotective effects on glutamate-treated primary cortical neurons. METHODS Embryonic rat primary cortical cultures were exposed to different concentrations of glutamate for 1 hour and then they incubated with NSCs-CM. Subsequently, the amount of cell survival in different glutamate excitotoxic groups were measured after 24 h of incubation by trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay. Hoechst and propidium iodide were used for determining apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways proportion and then the effect of NSCs-CM was investigated on this proportion. RESULTS NSCs conditioned medium increased viability rate of the primary cortical neurons after glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Also we found that NSCs-CM provides its neuroprotective effects mainly by decreasing apoptotic cell death rate rather than necrotic cell death rate. CONCLUSION The current study shows that adult neural stem cells could exert paracrine neuroprotective effects on cortical neurons following a glutamate neurotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Barin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Salar-Amoli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Ghanbari A, Esmaeilpour T, Bahmanpour S, Golmohammadi MG, Sharififar S, Azari H. Depletion of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of adult mouse brain using cytosine b-Arabinofuranoside. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00404. [PMID: 26664789 PMCID: PMC4667764 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside along the ventricular axis of the mammalian brain. They divide infrequently to maintain themselves and the down-stream progenitors. Due to the quiescent property of NSCs, attempts to deplete these cells using antimitotic agents such as cytosine b-Aarabinofuranoside (Ara-C) have not been successful. We hypothesized that implementing infusion gaps in Ara-C kill paradigms would recruit the quiescent NSCs and subsequently eliminate them from their niches in the subventricular zone (SVZ). METHODS We infused the right lateral ventricle of adult mice brain with 2% Ara-C using four different paradigms--1: one week; 2: two weeks; 3, 4: two weeks with an infusion gap of 6 and 12 h on day 7. Neurosphere assay (NSA), neural colony-forming cell assay (N-CFCA) and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess depletion of NSCs from the SVZ. RESULTS Neurosphere formation dramatically decreased in all paradigms immediately after Ara-C infusion. Reduction in neurosphere formation was more pronounced in the 3rd and 4th paradigms. Interestingly 1 week after Ara-C infusion, neurosphere formation recovered toward control values implying the presence of NSCs in the harvested SVZ tissue. Unexpectedly, N-CFCA in the 3rd paradigm, as one of the most effective paradigms, did not result in formation of NSC-derived colonies (colonies >2 mm) even from SVZs harvested 1 week after completion of Ara-C infusion. However, formation of big colonies with serial passaging capability, again confirmed the presence of NSCs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest Ara-C kill paradigms with infusion gaps deplete NSCs in the SVZ more efficiently but the niches would repopulate even after the most vigorous kill paradigm used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghanbari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Anatomical Sciences Shiraz School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Tahereh Esmaeilpour
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Anatomical Sciences Shiraz School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Soghra Bahmanpour
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Anatomical Sciences Shiraz School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Sharareh Sharififar
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Public Health and Health Professions University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Anatomical Sciences Shiraz School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran ; Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory Shiraz Stem Cell Institute Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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18
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Molecular Biomarkers for Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cell and Neurogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:727542. [PMID: 26421301 PMCID: PMC4569757 DOI: 10.1155/2015/727542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The procedure of neurogenesis has made numerous achievements in the past decades, during which various molecular biomarkers have been emerging and have been broadly utilized for the investigation of embryonic and adult neural stem cell (NSC). Nevertheless, there is not a consistent and systematic illustration to depict the functional characteristics of the specific markers expressed in distinct cell types during the different stages of neurogenesis. Here we gathered and generalized a series of NSC biomarkers emerging during the procedures of embryonic and adult neural stem cell, which may be used to identify the subpopulation cells with distinguishing characters in different timeframes of neurogenesis. The identifications of cell patterns will provide applications to the detailed investigations of diverse developmental cell stages and the extents of cell differentiation, which will facilitate the tracing of cell time-course and fate determination of specific cell types and promote the further and literal discoveries of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Meanwhile, via the utilization of comprehensive applications under the aiding of the systematic knowledge framework, researchers may broaden their insights into the derivation and establishment of novel technologies to analyze the more detailed process of embryogenesis and adult neurogenesis.
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Abbasnia K, Ghanbari A, Abedian M, Ghanbari A, Sharififar S, Azari H. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2015; 48:104-13. [PMID: 26140221 PMCID: PMC4488638 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2015.48.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new method for treating many neurological conditions; however, the exact therapeutic mechanisms behind rTMS-induced plasticity are still unknown. Neural stem and progenitor cells (NS/PCs) are active players in brain regeneration and plasticity but their behavior in the context of rTMS therapy needs further elucidation. We aimed to evaluate the effects of rTMS on proliferation and differentiation of NS/PCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult mouse brain. Adult male mice (n=30) were divided into rTMS (1-Hz and 30-Hz) and sham groups and treated for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Harvested NS/PCs from the SVZ were cultured in the neurosphere assay for 8 days and the number and size of the resulting neurospheres as well as their in vitro differentiation capacity were evaluated. After one week of rTMS treatment at 1-Hz and 30-Hz compared with sham stimulation, the mean neurosphere forming frequency per brain was not different while this measure significantly increased after two weeks (P<0.05). The mean neurosphere diameter in 1-Hz treatment paradigm was significantly larger compared with sham stimulation at both 1 and 2 weeks. In contrast, 30-Hz treatment paradigm resulted in significantly larger neurospheres only after 2 weeks. Importantly, rTMS treatment at both frequencies increased neuronal differentiation of the harvested NS/PCs. Furthermore, one week in vitro rTMS treatment of NS/PCs with both 1-Hz and 30-Hz increased NS/PCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation. It is concluded that both 1-Hz and 30-Hz rTMS treatment increase NS/PCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keramatollah Abbasnia
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Abedian
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sharareh Sharififar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ; Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jiang DQ, Wei MD, Wang KW, Lan YX, Zhu N, Wang Y. Nicotine contributes to the neural stem cells fate against toxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Aβ via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:257-68. [PMID: 26001208 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the molecules secreted from microglias play important roles in the cell fate determination of neural stem cells (NSCs), and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment could reduce neuroinflammation in some neurodegenerative disease models, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear how nicotine plays a neuroprotective role in inflammation-mediated central nervous diseases, and its possible mechanisms in the process remain largely elusive. The aim of this study is to improve the survival microenvironment of NSCs co-cultured with microglias in vitro by weakening inflammation that mediated by accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The viability, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis of NSCs and underlying mechanisms associated with Wnt signaling pathway were investigated. The results showed that Aβ could directly damage NSCs. Furthermore, concomitant to elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β derived from microglias, the NSCs had been damaged more severely with the upregulation of Axin 2, p-β-catenin and the downregulation of β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, microtubule-associated protein-2, choline acetyltransferase. However, addition of 10 μmol/L nicotine before microglias treated with Aβ was beneficial to protect the NSCs against neurotoxicity of microglial-derived factors induced by Aβ, which partially rescued proliferation, differentiation and inhibited apoptosis of NSCs via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, these data imply that low concentration nicotine attenuates NSCs injury induced by microglial-derived factors via Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, treatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist provides a promising research field for neural stem cell fate and therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Jiang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Biopharmaceutical , Yulin Normal University , Yulin , China
| | - Mei-Dan Wei
- c Department of Pharmacy , the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ke-Wan Wang
- d Department of Neurosurgery , Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan-Xian Lan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ning Zhu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yong Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Alyssum homolocarpum seeds: phytochemical analysis and effects of the seed oil on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. J Nat Med 2015; 69:387-96. [PMID: 25860174 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacognostic evaluation of medicinal plants may assess their current applications and possibly results in finding new active components. In this study, ash and extractive values and high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprints of Alyssum homolocarpum (Brassicaceae) seed extracts were investigated to elucidate its composition. Differential scanning calorimetry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were employed to determine the components of A. homolocarpum seed oil (AHO). Neurosphere assay, in vitro differentiation and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of AHO (0.5 or 1 g/kg/day for 14 days) on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult male BALB/c mice. Total, acid-insoluble and water-soluble ash values were determined as 45.83 ± 5.85, 6.67 ± 2.89 and 28.33 ± 2.89 mg/g, respectively. The extractive values were 4.90, 0.43 and 0.56 % (w/w) for n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Interestingly, AHO was mainly composed of α-linolenic acid (89.71 %), β-sitosterol (3.3 mg/g) and campesterol (0.86 mg/g). Administration of AHO at 1 g/kg/day significantly increased proliferation of NSCs, as evidenced by an increase in mean neurosphere-forming frequency per brain (872.7 ± 15.17) and neurosphere diameter (101 ± 2.48 µm) compared to the control group (424.3 ± 59.29 and 78.63 ± 1.7 µm, respectively; P < 0.05). AHO treatment did not affect in vitro differentiation of the harvested NSCs. Our data show that A. homolocarpum seed oil is a rich source of α-linolenic acid and β-sitosterol with potential therapeutic application to enhance NSC proliferation and recruitment in neurological diseases.
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Menon V, Thomas R, Ghale AR, Reinhard C, Pruszak J. Flow cytometry protocols for surface and intracellular antigen analyses of neural cell types. J Vis Exp 2014:52241. [PMID: 25549236 PMCID: PMC4396953 DOI: 10.3791/52241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry has been extensively used to define cell populations in immunology, hematology and oncology. Here, we provide a detailed description of protocols for flow cytometric analysis of the cluster of differentiation (CD) surface antigens and intracellular antigens in neural cell types. Our step-by-step description of the methodological procedures include: the harvesting of neural in vitro cultures, an optional carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeling step, followed by surface antigen staining with conjugated CD antibodies (e.g., CD24, CD54), and subsequent intracellar antigen detection via primary/secondary antibodies or fluorescently labeled Fab fragments (Zenon labeling). The video demonstrates the most critical steps. Moreover, principles of experimental planning, the inclusion of critical controls, and fundamentals of flow cytometric analysis (identification of target population and exclusion of debris; gating strategy; compensation for spectral overlap) are briefly explained in order to enable neurobiologists with limited prior knowledge or specific training in flow cytometry to assess its utility and to better exploit this powerful methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Menon
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Ria Thomas
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Arun R Ghale
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg; School of Life Sciences, Keele University
| | - Christina Reinhard
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg; Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg;
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Azari H. Isolation and enrichment of defined neural cell populations from heterogeneous neural stem cell progeny. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1059:95-106. [PMID: 23934837 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-574-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The renewable source of neural stem cells (NSCs) with multi-lineage differentiation capability towards neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes represent an ideal supply for cell therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In spite of this, the clinical use of NSCs is hampered by heterogeneity, poor neuronal cell yield, predominant astrocytic differentiation of NSC progeny and possible uncontrolled proliferation, and tumor formation upon transplantation. The ability to generate highly enriched and defined neural cell populations from the renewable source of NSCs might overcome many of these impediments and pave the way towards their successful clinical applications. Here, we describe a simple method for NSC differentiation and subsequent purification of neuronal progenitor cells, taking advantage of size and granularity differences between neuronal cells and other NSC progeny. This highly enriched neuronal cell population provides an invaluable source of cells for both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Aligholi H, Hassanzadeh G, Azari H, Rezayat SM, Mehr SE, Akbari M, Attari F, Khaksarian M, Gorji A. A new and safe method for stereotactically harvesting neural stem/progenitor cells from the adult rat subventricular zone. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 225:81-9. [PMID: 24378338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) are one of the outstanding cell sources for therapeutic purposes in the central nervous system diseases. Autologous transplantation of NS/PCs still is a matter of controversy due to the safety issue as well as efficiency of harvesting these cells from the live mammalian brain subventricular zone (SVZ). NEW METHOD In this new and safe method, a 16-guage semi-automatic biopsy needle was used stereotactically to remove a piece of SVZ. Then, the proliferation and differentiation capacity of obtained cells were assessed. In addition, the safety of the biopsy procedure was analyzed employing the Morris water maze, modified neurologic severity score, passive avoidance and open field tests. RESULTS Despite being very small in size, the SVZ specimen could generate a large number of progeny with the ability to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. The biopsy procedure introduced in this study did not have any impact on the behavioral and neurological processes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) existing SVZ biopsy methods were uncontrollable techniques which harvested brain tissue by aspiration using a syringe not a semi-automatic biopsy needle. Also, previous methods were not evaluated in terms of behavior and cognition. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a considerable safety and efficacy for the stereotactical removal of the adult rat SVZ to harvest NS/PCs for autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell & Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaei Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Attari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 27a, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 27a, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Vukovic J, Bedin AS, Bartlett PF, Osborne GW. A Novel Fluorescent Reporter CDy1 Enriches for Neural Stem Cells Derived from the Murine Brain. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2341-5. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vukovic
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne-Sophie Bedin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Perry F. Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. Osborne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Shin R, Kobayashi K, Hagihara H, Kogan JH, Miyake S, Tajinda K, Walton NM, Gross AK, Heusner CL, Chen Q, Tamura K, Miyakawa T, Matsumoto M. The immature dentate gyrus represents a shared phenotype of mouse models of epilepsy and psychiatric disease. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:405-21. [PMID: 23560889 PMCID: PMC3752967 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is accumulating evidence to suggest psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, share common etiologies, pathophysiologies, genetics, and drug responses with many of the epilepsies. Here, we explored overlaps in cellular/molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral phenotypes between putative mouse models of bipolar disorder/schizophrenia and epilepsy. We tested the hypothesis that an immature dentate gyrus (iDG), whose association with psychosis in patients has recently been reported, represents a common phenotype of both diseases. METHODS Behaviors of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (α-CaMKII) heterozygous knock-out (KO) mice, which are a representative bipolar disorder/schizophrenia model displaying iDG, and pilocarpine-treated mice, which are a representative epilepsy model, were tested followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)/immunohistochemistry for mRNA/protein expression associated with an iDG phenotype. In vitro electrophysiology of dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs) was examined in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice. RESULTS The two disease models demonstrated similar behavioral deficits, such as hyperactivity, poor working memory performance, and social withdrawal. Significant reductions in mRNA expression and immunoreactivity of the mature neuronal marker calbindin and concomitant increases in mRNA expression and immunoreactivity of the immature neuronal marker calretinin represent iDG signatures that are present in both mice models. Electrophysiologically, we have confirmed that DG GCs from pilocarpine-treated mice represent an immature state. A significant decrease in hippocampal α-CaMKII protein levels was also found in both models. CONCLUSIONS Our data have shown iDG signatures from mouse models of both bipolar disorder/schizophrenia and epilepsy. The evidence suggests that the iDG may, in part, be responsible for the abnormal behavioral phenotype, and that the underlying pathophysiologies in epilepsy and bipolar disorder/schizophrenia are strikingly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Shin
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Katsunori Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyo, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Hagihara
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityAichi, Japan
| | - Jeffrey H Kogan
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Shinichi Miyake
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | | | - Noah M Walton
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Adam K Gross
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | | | - Qian Chen
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityAichi, Japan
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Reetz J, Herchenröder O, Schmidt A, Pützer BM. Vector Technology and Cell Targeting: Peptide-Tagged Adenoviral Vectors as a Powerful Tool for Cell Specific Targeting. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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28
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Moe AAK, Suryana M, Marcy G, Lim SK, Ankam S, Goh JZW, Jin J, Teo BKK, Law JBK, Low HY, Goh ELK, Sheetz MP, Yim EKF. Microarray with micro- and nano-topographies enables identification of the optimal topography for directing the differentiation of primary murine neural progenitor cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3050-61. [PMID: 22807278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During development and tissue repair, progenitor cells are guided by both biochemical and biophysical cues of their microenvironment, including topographical signals. The topographical cues have been shown to play an important role in controlling the fate of cells. Systematic investigation of topographical structures with different geometries and sizes under the identical experimental conditions on the same chip will enhance the understanding of the role of shape and size in cell-topography interactions. A simple customizable multi-architecture chip (MARC) array is therefore developed to incorporate, on a single chip, distinct topographies of various architectural complexities, including both isotropic and anisotropic features, in nano- to micrometer dimensions, with different aspect ratios and hierarchical structures. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replicas of MARC are used to investigate the influence of different geometries and sizes in neural differentiation of primary murine neural progenitor cells (mNPCs). Anisotropic gratings (2 μm gratings, 250 nm gratings) and isotropic 1 μm pillars significantly promote differentiation of mNPCs into neurons, as indicated by expression of β-III-tubulin (59%, 58%, and 58%, respectively, compared to 30% on the control). In contrast, glial differentiation is enhanced on isotropic 2 μm holes and 1 μm pillars. These results illustrate that anisotropic topographies enhance neuronal differentiation while isotropic topographies enhance glial differentiation on the same chip under the same conditions. MARC enables simultaneous cost-effective investigation of multiple topographies, allowing efficient optimization of topographical and biochemical cues to modulate cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, EA-03-12, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore
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Wohlsein P, Deschl U, Baumgärtner W. Nonlesions, unusual cell types, and postmortem artifacts in the central nervous system of domestic animals. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:122-43. [PMID: 22692622 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812450719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) of domestic animals, numerous specialized normal structures, unusual cell types, findings of uncertain or no significance, artifacts, and various postmortem alterations can be observed. They may cause confusion for inexperienced pathologists and those not specialized in neuropathology, leading to misinterpretations and wrong diagnoses. Alternatively, changes may mask underlying neuropathological processes. "Specialized structures" comprising the hippocampus and the circumventricular organs, including the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, subfornical organ, subcommissural organ, pineal gland, median eminence/neurohypophyseal complex, choroid plexus, and area postrema, are displayed. Unusual cell types, including cerebellar external germinal cells, CNS progenitor cells, and Kolmer cells, are presented. In addition, some newly recognized cell types as of yet incompletely understood significance and functionality, such as synantocytes and aldynoglia, are introduced and described. Unusual reactive astrocytes in cats, central chromatolysis, neuronal vacuolation, spheroids, spongiosis, satellitosis, melanosis, neuromelanin, lipofuscin, polyglucosan bodies, and psammoma bodies may represent incidental findings of uncertain or no significance and should not be confused with significant microscopic changes. Auto- and heterolysis as well as handling and histotechnological processing may cause postmortem morphological changes of the CNS, including vacuolization, cerebellar conglutination, dark neurons, Buscaino bodies, freezing, and shrinkage artifacts, all of which have to be differentiated from genuine lesions. Postmortem invasion of micro-organisms should not be confused with intravital infections. Awareness of these different changes and their recognition are a prerequisite for identifying genuine lesions and may help to formulate a professional morphological and etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Both embryonic and adult neurogenesis involves the self-renewal/proliferation, survival, migration and lineage differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Such dynamic process is tightly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors and complex signaling pathways. Misregulated neurogenesis contributes much to a large range of neurodevelopmental defects and neurodegenerative diseases. The signaling of NFκB regulates many genes important in inflammation, immunity, cell survival and neural plasticity. During neurogenesis, NFκB signaling mediates the effect of numerous niche factors such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix molecules, but also crosstalks with other signaling pathways such as Notch, Shh, Wnt/β-catenin. This review summarizes current progress on the NFκB signaling in all aspects of neurogenesis, focusing on the novel role of NFκB signaling in initiating early neural differentiation of neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Azari H, Sharififar S, Fortin JM, Reynolds BA. The neuroblast assay: an assay for the generation and enrichment of neuronal progenitor cells from differentiating neural stem cell progeny using flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 2012:3712. [PMID: 22546813 DOI: 10.3791/3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) can be isolated and expanded in large-scale, using the neurosphere assay and differentiated into the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS); namely, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. These characteristics make neural stem and progenitor cells an invaluable renewable source of cells for in vitro studies such as drug screening, neurotoxicology and electrophysiology and also for cell replacement therapy in many neurological diseases. In practice, however, heterogeneity of NSC progeny, low production of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and predominance of astrocytes following differentiation limit their clinical applications. Here, we describe a novel methodology for the generation and subsequent purification of immature neurons from murine NSC progeny using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) technology. Using this methodology, a highly enriched neuronal progenitor cell population can be achieved without any noticeable astrocyte and bona fide NSC contamination. The procedure includes differentiation of NSC progeny isolated and expanded from E14 mouse ganglionic eminences using the neurosphere assay, followed by isolation and enrichment of immature neuronal cells based on their physical (size and internal complexity) and fluorescent properties using flow cytometry technology. Overall, it takes 5-7 days to generate neurospheres and 6-8 days to differentiate NSC progeny and isolate highly purified immature neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Florida, Florida, USA
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Darst RP, Nabilsi NH, Pardo CE, Riva A, Kladde MP. DNA methyltransferase accessibility protocol for individual templates by deep sequencing. Methods Enzymol 2012; 513:185-204. [PMID: 22929770 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391938-0.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A single-molecule probe of chromatin structure can uncover dynamic chromatin states and rare epigenetic variants of biological importance that bulk measures of chromatin structure miss. In bisulfite genomic sequencing, each sequenced clone records the methylation status of multiple sites on an individual molecule of DNA. An exogenous DNA methyltransferase can thus be used to image nucleosomes and other protein-DNA complexes. In this chapter, we describe the adaptation of this technique, termed Methylation Accessibility Protocol for individual templates, to modern high-throughput sequencing, which both simplifies the workflow and extends its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Darst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center Program in Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tumor Virology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Azari H, Millette S, Ansari S, Rahman M, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA. Isolation and expansion of human glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells using the neurosphere assay. J Vis Exp 2011:e3633. [PMID: 22064695 DOI: 10.3791/3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-like cells have been isolated in tumors such as breast, lung, colon, prostate and brain. A critical issue in all these tumors, especially in glioblastoma mutliforme (GBM), is to identify and isolate tumor initiating cell population(s) to investigate their role in tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. Understanding tumor initiating cell populations will provide clues to finding effective therapeutic approaches for these tumors. The neurosphere assay (NSA) due to its simplicity and reproducibility has been used as the method of choice for isolation and propagation of many of this tumor cells. This protocol demonstrates the neurosphere culture method to isolate and expand stem-like cells in surgically resected human GBM tumor tissue. The procedures include an initial chemical digestion and mechanical dissociation of tumor tissue, and subsequently plating the resulting single cell suspension in NSA culture. After 7-10 days, primary neurospheres of 150-200 μm in diameter can be observed and are ready for further passaging and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, USA.
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