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Wang M, Lan S, Zhang W, Jin Q, Du H, Sun X, He L, Meng X, Su L, Liu G. Anti-Cancer Potency of Copper-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Against Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1985-2004. [PMID: 38435754 PMCID: PMC10908338 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The anti-cancer potency of copper-doped carbon quantum dots (Cu-CDs) against breast cancer progression needs more detailed investigations. Methods With urea and ethylene glycol applied as carbon sources and copper sulfate used as a reactive dopant, Cu-CDs were synthesized in the current study by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method, followed by the characterization and biocompatibility evaluations of Cu-CDs. Subsequently, the anti-cancer potency of Cu-CDs against breast cancer progression was confirmed by these biochemical, molecular, and transcriptomic assessments, including viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, redox homeostasis, and transcriptomic assays of MDA-MB-231 cells. Results The biocompatibility of Cu-CDs was confirmed based on the non-significant changes in the pathological and physiological parameters in the Cu-CDs treated mice, as well as the noncytotoxic effect of Cu-CDs on normal cells. Moreover, the Cu-CDs treatments not only decreased the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells but also induced the redox imbalance, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunctions and regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion Our findings confirmed the biosafety and excellent anti-cancer potency of Cu-CDs against breast cancer progression by tapping into mechanisms that disrupt malignant behaviors and oxidative homeostasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Du
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Salmerón-Bárcenas EG, Zacapala-Gómez AE, Torres-Rojas FI, Antonio-Véjar V, Ávila-López PA, Baños-Hernández CJ, Núñez-Martínez HN, Dircio-Maldonado R, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Jiménez-Wences H. TET Enzymes and 5hmC Levels in Carcinogenesis and Progression of Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:272. [PMID: 38203443 PMCID: PMC10779134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) was the most common female cancer in incidence and mortality worldwide in 2020. Similarly, BC was the top female cancer in the USA in 2022. Risk factors include earlier age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, high body mass index, and mutations in BRCA1/2 genes, among others. BC is classified into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-like, and Basal-like subtypes. These BC subtypes present differences in gene expression signatures, which can impact clinical behavior, treatment response, aggressiveness, metastasis, and survival of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the epigenetic molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation in BC, such as DNA demethylation. Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on DNA, which in turn inhibits or promotes the gene expression. Interestingly, the expression of TET enzymes as well as the levels of the 5hmC epigenetic mark are altered in several types of human cancers, including BC. Several studies have demonstrated that TET enzymes and 5hmC play a key role in the regulation of gene expression in BC, directly (dependent or independent of DNA de-methylation) or indirectly (via interaction with other proteins such as transcription factors). In this review, we describe our recent understanding of the regulatory and physiological function of the TET enzymes, as well as their potential role as biomarkers in BC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Genaro Salmerón-Bárcenas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, Mexico; (E.G.S.-B.); (P.A.Á.-L.)
| | - Ana Elvira Zacapala-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (F.I.T.-R.); (V.A.-V.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Francisco Israel Torres-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (F.I.T.-R.); (V.A.-V.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Verónica Antonio-Véjar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (F.I.T.-R.); (V.A.-V.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Pedro Antonio Ávila-López
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, Mexico; (E.G.S.-B.); (P.A.Á.-L.)
| | - Christian Johana Baños-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara C. P. 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Hober Nelson Núñez-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C. P. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Dircio-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (R.D.-M.); (D.N.M.-C.)
| | - Dinorah Nashely Martínez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (R.D.-M.); (D.N.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (F.I.T.-R.); (V.A.-V.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Hilda Jiménez-Wences
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (R.D.-M.); (D.N.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo C. P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico
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Li M, Lin C, Cai Z. Breast cancer stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer ARRDC1-AS1 to promote breast carcinogenesis via a miR-4731-5p/AKT1 axis-dependent mechanism. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101639. [PMID: 36801666 PMCID: PMC9971553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been frequently reported in breast cancer (BC). This goes to show the importance of understanding its significant contribution towards breast carcinogenesis. In the present study, we clarified a carcinogenic mechanism based on the ARRDC1-AS1 delivered by breast cancer stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (BCSCs-EVs) in BC. METHODS The isolated and well characterized BCSCs-EVs were co-cultured with BC cells. The expression of ARRDC1-AS1, miR-4731-5p, and AKT1 was determined in BC cell lines. BC cells were assayed for their viability, invasion, migration and apoptosis in vitro by CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry, as well as tumor growth in vivo after loss- and gain-of function assays. Dual-luciferase reporter gene, RIP and RNA pull-down assays were performed to determine the interactions among ARRDC1-AS1, miR-4731-5p, and AKT1. RESULTS Elevation of ARRDC1-AS1 and AKT1 as well as miR-4731-5p downregulation were observed in BC cells. ARRDC1-AS1 was enriched in BCSCs-EVs. Furthermore, EVs containing ARRDC1-AS1 enhanced the BC cell viability, invasion and migration and glutamate concentration. Mechanistically, ARRDC1-AS1 elevated the expression of AKT1 by competitively binding to miR-4731-5p. ARRDC1-AS1-containing EVs were also found to enhance tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, BCSCs-EVs-mediated delivery of ARRDC1-AS1 may promote the malignant phenotypes of BC cells via the miR-4731-5p/AKT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Conglin Lin
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Zhibing Cai
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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Szczepanek J, Skorupa M, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Cybulski C, Tretyn A. Harnessing Epigenetics for Breast Cancer Therapy: The Role of DNA Methylation, Histone Modifications, and MicroRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087235. [PMID: 37108398 PMCID: PMC10138995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer exhibits various epigenetic abnormalities that regulate gene expression and contribute to tumor characteristics. Epigenetic alterations play a significant role in cancer development and progression, and epigenetic-targeting drugs such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone-modifying enzymes, and mRNA regulators (such as miRNA mimics and antagomiRs) can reverse these alterations. Therefore, these epigenetic-targeting drugs are promising candidates for cancer treatment. However, there is currently no effective epi-drug monotherapy for breast cancer. Combining epigenetic drugs with conventional therapies has yielded positive outcomes and may be a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, such as azacitidine, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as vorinostat, have been used in combination with chemotherapy to treat breast cancer. miRNA regulators, such as miRNA mimics and antagomiRs, can alter the expression of specific genes involved in cancer development. miRNA mimics, such as miR-34, have been used to inhibit tumor growth, while antagomiRs, such as anti-miR-10b, have been used to inhibit metastasis. The development of epi-drugs that target specific epigenetic changes may lead to more effective monotherapy options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Gadi V, Shetty SR. Potential of Anti-inflammatory Molecules in the Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 16:60-76. [PMID: 36043708 DOI: 10.2174/2772270816666220829090716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a global issue, affecting greater than 1 million women per annum. Over the past two decades, there have been numerous clinical trials involving the use of various pharmacological substances as chemopreventive agents for breast cancer. Various pre-clinical as well as clinical studies have established numerous anti-inflammatory molecules, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and dietary phytochemicals as promising agents for chemoprevention of several cancers, including breast cancer. The overexpression of COX-2 has been detected in approximately 40% of human breast cancer cases and pre-invasive ductal carcinoma in-situ lesions, associated with aggressive elements of breast cancer such as large size of the tumour, ER/PR negative and HER-2 overexpression, among others. Anti-inflammatory molecules inhibit COX, thereby inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and inhibiting nuclear factor-κBmediated signals (NF-kB). Another probable explanation entails inflammation-induced degranulation, with the production of angiogenesis-regulating factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, which can be possibly regulated by anti-inflammatory molecules. Apart from NSAIDS, many dietary phytochemicals have the ability to decrease, delay, or stop the progression and/or incidence of breast cancer by their antioxidant action, regulating inflammatory and proliferative cell signalling pathways as well as inducing apoptosis. The rapid progress in chemoprevention research has also established innovative strategies that can be implemented to prevent breast cancer. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in using antiinflammatory molecules in the chemoprevention of breast cancer along with their mechanism of action, supported by latest preclinical and clinical data. The merits of anti-inflammatory chemopreventive agents in the prevention of cardiotoxicity have been described. We have also highlighted the ongoing research and advancements in improving the efficacy of using antiinflammatory molecules as chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Gadi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMS Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai-56, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saritha Rakesh Shetty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMS Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai-56, Maharashtra, India
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Pereira IC, Mascarenhas IF, Capetini VC, Ferreira PMP, Rogero MM, Torres-Leal FL. Cellular reprogramming, chemoresistance, and dietary interventions in breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103796. [PMID: 36049616 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis has been associated with significant risk factors, including family history, late menopause, obesity, poor eating habits, and alcoholism. Despite the advances in the last decades regarding cancer treatment, some obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of therapy. For example, chemotherapy resistance is common in locally advanced or metastatic cancer, reducing treatment options and contributing to mortality. In this review, we provide an overview of BC metabolic changes, including the impact of restrictive diets associated with chemoresistance, the therapeutic potential of the diet on tumor progression, pathways related to metabolic health in oncology, and perspectives on the future in the area of oncological nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irislene Costa Pereira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Isabele Frazão Mascarenhas
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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7
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Levenson AS. Dietary stilbenes as modulators of specific miRNAs in prostate cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970280. [PMID: 36091792 PMCID: PMC9449421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated experimental data have suggested that natural plant products may be effective miRNA-modulating chemopreventive and therapeutic agents. Dietary polyphenols such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans, among others, have been intensively studied for their miRNA-mediated cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The aim of this review is to outline known stilbene-regulated miRNAs in cancer, with a special focus on the interplay between various miRNAs and MTA1 signaling in prostate cancer. MTA1 is an epigenetic reader and an oncogenic transcription factor that is overexpressed in advanced prostate cancer and metastasis. Not surprisingly, miRNAs that are linked to MTA1 affect cancer progression and the metastatic potential of cells. Studies led to the identification of MTA1-associated pro-oncogenic miRNAs, which are regulated by stilbenes such as resveratrol and pterostilbene. Specifically, it has been shown that inhibition of the activity of the MTA1 regulated oncogenic miR-17 family of miRNAs, miR-22, and miR-34a by stilbenes leads to inhibition of prostatic hyperplasia and tumor progression in mice and reduction of proliferation, survival and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, these findings implicate the use of resveratrol and its analogs as an attractive miRNA-mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer and the use of circulating miRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers for clinical development.
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Sarvari P, Sarvari P, Ramírez-Díaz I, Mahjoubi F, Rubio K. Advances of Epigenetic Biomarkers and Epigenome Editing for Early Diagnosis in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179521. [PMID: 36076918 PMCID: PMC9455804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are known to regulate cell phenotype during cancer progression, including breast cancer. Unlike genetic alterations, changes in the epigenome are reversible, thus potentially reversed by epi-drugs. Breast cancer, the most common cause of cancer death worldwide in women, encompasses multiple histopathological and molecular subtypes. Several lines of evidence demonstrated distortion of the epigenetic landscape in breast cancer. Interestingly, mammary cells isolated from breast cancer patients and cultured ex vivo maintained the tumorigenic phenotype and exhibited aberrant epigenetic modifications. Recent studies indicated that the therapeutic efficiency for breast cancer regimens has increased over time, resulting in reduced mortality. Future medical treatment for breast cancer patients, however, will likely depend upon a better understanding of epigenetic modifications. The present review aims to outline different epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs with their impact on breast cancer, as well as to discuss studies highlighting the central role of epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer pathogenesis. We propose new research areas that may facilitate locus-specific epigenome editing as breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Sarvari
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Pouya Sarvari
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico
- Facultad de Biotecnología, Campus Puebla, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Frouzandeh Mahjoubi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Saffron, Its Active Components, and Their Association with DNA and Histone Modification: A Narrative Review of Current Knowledge. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163317. [PMID: 36014823 PMCID: PMC9414768 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive screening for better and safer medications to treat diseases such as cancer and inflammatory diseases continue, and some phytochemicals have been discovered to have anti-cancer and many therapeutical activities. Among the traditionally used spices, Crocus sativus (saffron) and its principal bioactive constituents have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive properties against multiple malignancies. Early reports have shown that the epigenetic profiles of healthy and tumor cells vary significantly in the context of different epigenetic factors. Multiple components, such as carotenoids as bioactive dietary phytochemicals, can directly or indirectly regulate epigenetic factors and alter gene expression profiles. Previous reports have shown the interaction between active saffron compounds with linker histone H1. Other reports have shown that high concentrations of saffron bind to the minor groove of calf thymus DNA, resulting in specific structural changes from B- to C-form of DNA. Moreover, the interaction of crocin G-quadruplex was reported. A recent in silico study has shown that residues of SIRT1 interact with saffron bio-active compounds and might enhance SIRT1 activation. Other reports have shown that the treatment of Saffron bio-active compounds increases γH2AX, decreases HDAC1 and phosphorylated histone H3 (p-H3). However, the question that still remains to be addressed how saffron triggers various epigenetic changes? Therefore, this review discusses the literature published till 2022 regarding saffron as dietary components and its impact on epigenetic mechanisms. Novel bioactive compounds such as saffron components that lead to epigenetic alterations might be a valuable strategy as an adjuvant therapeutic drug.
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Bhura N, Gupta P, Gupta J. Target-based in-silico screening of basil polysaccharides against different epigenetic targets responsible for breast cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2022; 42:521-530. [PMID: 35862239 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2022.2058016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading types of cancer found in women. One of the causes reported for BC is improper regulation of epigenetic modifications. Various epigenetic targets such as histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT) regulate many types of cancer, including BC. Basil is known to possess anti-cancer properties; however, the role of its polysaccharides against different epigenetic targets is still not very clear. Therefore, the molecular docking method is used to find out the binding potential of the BPSs against different epigenetic targets responsible for BC. METHODS All the basil polysaccharides (BPSs) were screened against the diverse epigenetic targets reported for BC (HDAC1-2, 4-8, and HAT) using molecular docking studies alongwith swissADME studies to check the drug likeliness of the BPSs. RESULTS It was found that glucosamine ring, glucosamine linear, glucuronic acid linear, rhamnose linear, glucuronic acid ring, galactose ring, mannose, glucose, and xylose were exhibited consistent binding potential against the epigenetic targets (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC8, and HAT,) responsible for BC. CONCLUSION This is the first report where BPSs were reported against these epigenetic targets. These studies can help to understand the underlying mechanism of BPSs used against epigenetic targets for BC. These results can be further validated experimentally to confirm their potential as a promising inhibitor against the epigenetic targets (HDAC1-2, 4-8, and HAT) having a role in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bhura
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Shree SK Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Akao Y, Terazawa R, Sugito N, Heishima K, Morikawa K, Ito Y, Narui R, Hamaguchi R, Nobukawa T. Understanding of cell death induced by the constituents of Taxus yunnanensis wood. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6282. [PMID: 35428370 PMCID: PMC9012736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethanol extract from the wood of Taxus Yunnanensis (TY) induced apoptosis in all cancer cell lines tested, which was mainly due to activation of an extrinsic pathway in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells. The extrinsic pathway was activated by the upregulation of the expression levels of Fas and TRAIL/DR5, which led to the activation of caspase-8. Of note, the machinery of this increase in expression was promoted by the upregulation of MIR32a expression, which silenced MIR34a-targeting E2F3 transcription factor. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MIR32a or siR-E2F3 silencing E2F3 increased Fas and TRAIL/DR5 expression. Thus, the extract activated the extrinsic pathway through the MIR34a/E2F3 axis, resulting in the autocrine and paracrine release of TRAIL, and upregulated expression of death receptors Fas and DR5 in the treated DLD-1 cells, which were functionally validated by Fas immunocytochemistry, and using anti-Fas and anti-TRAIL antibodies, respectively. In vivo, TY showed significant anti-tumor effects on xenografted and syngeneic model mice. The extract may also aid in chemoprevention by selectively making marked tumor cells susceptible to the tumor immunosurveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Riyako Terazawa
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Heishima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Morikawa
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Ryoko Narui
- Karasuma Wada Clinic, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-0845, Japan
| | - Reo Hamaguchi
- Karasuma Wada Clinic, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-0845, Japan
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12
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Mondal P, Meeran SM. microRNAs in cancer chemoresistance: The sword and the shield. Noncoding RNA Res 2021; 6:200-210. [PMID: 34977437 PMCID: PMC8669341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cancer cells develop multiple strategies to reduce drug sensitivity and eventually lead to chemoresistance. Chemoresistance is initiated either by intrinsic factors or due to the prolonged use of chemotherapeutics as acquired resistance. Further, chemoresistance is also one of the major reasons behind tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, overcoming chemoresistance is one of the primary challenges in cancer therapy. Several mechanisms are involved in chemoresistance. Among them, the key role of ABC transporters and tumor microenvironment have been well studied. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulation in tumor development, metastasis, and chemotherapy has got wider interest due to its role in regulating genes involved in cancer progression and therapy. Noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, have been associated with the regulation of tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoter genes. Further, miRNA can also be used as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic marker to predict the stage and types of cancer. Recent evidences have revealed that miRNAs regulation also influences the function of drug transporters and the tumor microenvironment, which affects chemosensitivity to cancer cells. Therefore, miRNAs can be a promising target to reverse back chemosensitivity in cancer cells. This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms involved in cancer chemoresistance and its regulation by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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13
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Vietri MT, D'Elia G, Benincasa G, Ferraro G, Caliendo G, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:98. [PMID: 34726251 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of breast cancer (BC) lacks specific non‑invasive biomarkers able to provide an early diagnosis of the disease. Epigenetic‑sensitive signatures are influenced by environmental exposures and are mediated by direct molecular mechanisms, mainly guided by DNA methylation, which regulate the interplay between genetic and non‑genetic risk factors during cancerogenesis. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes due to promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis. Of note, targeted tumor suppressor genes are frequently hypermethylated in patient‑derived BC tissues and peripheral blood biospecimens. In addition, epigenetic alterations in triple‑negative BC, as the most aggressive subtype, have been identified. Thus, detecting both targeted and genome‑wide DNA methylation changes through liquid‑based assays appears to be a useful clinical strategy for early detection, more accurate risk stratification and a personalized prediction of therapeutic response in patients with BC. Of note, the DNA methylation profile may be mapped by isolating the circulating tumor DNA from the plasma as a more accessible biospecimen. Furthermore, the sensitivity to treatment with chemotherapy, hormones and immunotherapy may be altered by gene‑specific DNA methylation, suggesting novel potential drug targets. Recently, the use of epigenetic drugs administered alone and/or with anticancer therapies has led to remarkable results, particularly in patients with BC resistant to anticancer treatment. The aim of the present review was to provide an update on DNA methylation changes that are potentially involved in BC development and their putative clinical utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Elia
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Caliendo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
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14
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Xiao W, Zhou Q, Wen X, Wang R, Liu R, Wang T, Shi J, Hu Y, Hou J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Overcome Epigenetic Reprogramming for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702360. [PMID: 34603017 PMCID: PMC8484527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is a significant challenge for the global health system, although various pharmacological and therapeutic discoveries have been made. It has been widely established that cancer is associated with epigenetic modification, which is reversible and becomes an attractive target for drug development. Adding chemical groups to the DNA backbone and modifying histone proteins impart distinct characteristics on chromatin architecture. This process is mediated by various enzymes modifying chromatin structures to achieve the diversity of epigenetic space and the intricacy in gene expression files. After decades of effort, epigenetic modification has represented the hallmarks of different cancer types, and the enzymes involved in this process have provided novel targets for antitumor therapy development. Epigenetic drugs show significant effects on both preclinical and clinical studies in which the target development and research offer a promising direction for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the different types of epigenetic enzymes which target corresponding protein domains, emphasize DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA-mediated cooperation with epigenetic modification, and highlight recent achievements in developing targets for epigenetic inhibitor therapy. This article reviews current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes and displays their performances in different stages of clinical trials. Future studies are further needed to address their off-target effects and cytotoxicity to improve their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaodan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonic, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Information Department of Medical Security Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
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15
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Ganguly S, Arora I, Tollefsbol TO. Impact of Stilbenes as Epigenetic Modulators of Breast Cancer Risk and Associated Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810033. [PMID: 34576196 PMCID: PMC8472542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent advancement of genetic screening for testing susceptibility to mammary oncogenesis in women, the relevance of the gene−environment interaction has become progressively apparent in the context of aberrant gene expressions. Fetal exposure to external stressors, hormones, and nutrients, along with the inherited genome, impact its traits, including cancer susceptibility. Currently, there is increasing interest in the role of epigenetic biomarkers such as genomic methylation signatures, plasma microRNAs, and alterations in cell-signaling pathways in the diagnosis and primary prevention of breast cancer, as well as its prognosis. Polyphenols like natural stilbenes have been shown to be effective in chemoprevention by exerting cytotoxic effects that can stall cell proliferation. Besides possessing antioxidant properties against the DNA-damaging effects of reactive oxygen species, stilbenes have also been observed to modulate cell-signaling pathways. With the increasing trend of early-life screening for hereditary breast cancer risks, the potency of different phytochemicals in harnessing the epigenetic biomarkers of breast cancer risk demand more investigation. This review will explore means of exploiting the abilities of stilbenes in altering the underlying factors that influence breast cancer risk, as well as the appearance of associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebanti Ganguly
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.G.); (I.A.)
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.G.); (I.A.)
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.G.); (I.A.)
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Cell Senescence Culture Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-4573
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16
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Ma X, Wang J, Hu G, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhu Y, Ding L, Ning S. Sesamol Epigenetically Induces Estrogen Receptor α Re-expression by Upregulating miR-370-3p in Estrogen Receptor α-Negative Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8737-8746. [PMID: 34325508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to lack of estrogen receptor α (ERα, gene name: ESR1), ERα-negative breast carcinoma is insensitive to endocrine therapy, and restoration of ERα has become a promising strategy for ERα-negative breast cancer treatment. Sesamol, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, is usually extracted from sesame seeds. Previous investigations have unmasked its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation properties. In this study, sesamol induced ERα functional re-expression followed by upregulation of its downstream pS2 and GREB1 genes in ERα-negative breast carcinoma. Moreover, it endowed responsiveness of ERα-negative breast carcinoma to the endocrine treatment drug 4-hydroxytamoxifen without influencing the viability of normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mechanistically, sesamol induced ESR1 gene promoter demethylation by downregulating the expression of the DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, without affecting DNMT1. Moreover, the non-coding RNA miR-370-3p directly targeted DNMT3A and DNMT3B mRNA, and its expression increased upon treatment with sesamol. Artificial abrogation of miR-370-3p expression with an antagomir abolished the inhibition of DNMT3A and DNMT3B expression by sesamol, resulting in a fallback in ERα reactivation. In mice, sesamol significantly induced ERα re-expression via miR-370-3p-mediated downregulation of DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Sesamol may be a safe and effective option for clinical adjuvant therapy in patients with ERα-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Health Education, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juhong Wang
- Nutrition Room, Lanxi People's Hospital, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guifen Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yijia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linchao Ding
- Department of Scientific Research, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua,321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shilong Ning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
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17
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Wang W, Min L, Qiu X, Wu X, Liu C, Ma J, Zhang D, Zhu L. Biological Function of Long Non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Xist. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645647. [PMID: 34178980 PMCID: PMC8222981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) serves as an important regulator of cell growth and development. Despites its original roles in X-chromosome dosage compensation, lncRNA Xist also participates in the development of tumor and other human diseases by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent progress in understanding the cellular functions of lncRNA Xist in mammalian cells and discussed current knowledge regarding the ceRNA network of lncRNA Xist in various diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are more than 200 nt in length and without an apparent protein-coding capacity (Furlan and Rougeulle, 2016; Maduro et al., 2016). These RNAs are believed to be transcribed by the approximately 98-99% non-coding regions of the human genome (Derrien et al., 2012; Fu, 2014; Montalbano et al., 2017; Slack and Chinnaiyan, 2019), as well as a large variety of genomic regions, such as exonic, tronic, and intergenic regions. Hence, lncRNAs are also divided into eight categories: Intergenic lncRNAs, Intronic lncRNAs, Enhancer lncRNAs, Promoter lncRNAs, Natural antisense/sense lncRNAs, Small nucleolar RNA-ended lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs), Bidirectional lncRNAs, and non-poly(A) lncRNAs (Ma et al., 2013; Devaux et al., 2015; St Laurent et al., 2015; Chen, 2016; Quinn and Chang, 2016; Richard and Eichhorn, 2018; Connerty et al., 2020). A range of evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function as key regulators in crucial cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, by regulating the expression level of target genes via epigenomic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional approaches (Cao et al., 2018). Moreover, lncRNAs detected in body fluids were also believed to serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression, and act as novel and potential drug targets for therapeutic exploitation in human disease (Jiang W. et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019a). Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) are a set of 15,000-20,000 nt sequences localized in the X chromosome inactivation center (XIC) of chromosome Xq13.2 (Brown et al., 1992; Debrand et al., 1998; Kay, 1998; Lee et al., 2013; da Rocha and Heard, 2017; Yang Z. et al., 2018; Brockdorff, 2019). Previous studies have indicated that lncRNA Xist regulate X chromosome inactivation (XCI), resulting in the inheritable silencing of one of the X-chromosomes during female cell development. Also, it serves a vital regulatory function in the whole spectrum of human disease (notably cancer) and can be used as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for human disease in the clinic (Liu et al., 2018b; Deng et al., 2019; Dinescu et al., 2019; Mutzel and Schulz, 2020; Patrat et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a). In particular, lncRNA Xist have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of multiple types of tumors including brain tumor, Leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, with the prominent examples outlined in Table 1. It was also believed that lncRNA Xist (Chaligne and Heard, 2014; Yang Z. et al., 2018) contributed to other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, neuropathic pain, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and more specific details can be found in Table 2. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA Xist on both chromosome dosage compensation and pathogenesis (especially cancer) processes, with a focus on the regulatory network of lncRNA Xist in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Xing Y, Gu Y, Zhang M, Cai L, Xu S, Sun B. Intratumor heterogeneity of breast cancer detected by epialleles shows association with hypoxic microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11:4403-4420. [PMID: 33754068 PMCID: PMC7977462 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In breast cancer, high intratumor DNA methylation heterogeneity can lead to drug-resistant, metastasis and poor prognosis of tumors, which increases the complexity of cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, most studies are limited to average DNA methylation level of individual CpGs and ignore heterogeneous DNA methylation patterns of cell subpopulations within the tumor. Thus, quantifying the variability in DNA methylation pattern in sequencing reads is valuable for understanding intratumor heterogeneity. Methods: We performed Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing and RNA sequencing for tumor core and tumor periphery regions within one breast tumor. By developing a method named "epialleJS" based on Jensen-Shannon divergence, we detected the differential epialleles between tumor core and tumor periphery (CPDEs). We then explored the correlation between intratumor methylation heterogeneity and hypoxic microenvironment in TCGA breast cancer cohort. Results: More than 70% of CPDEs had higher epipolymorphism in tumor core than tumor periphery, and these CPDEs had lower methylation in tumor core. The CPDEs with lower methylation in tumor core may associate with hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we identified a signature of five hypoxia-related DNA methylation markers which can predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients, including a CpG site cg15190451 in gene SLC16A5. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the expression of SLC16A5 was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival of breast cancer patients. Conclusions: The analysis of intratumor DNA methylation heterogeneity based on epialleles reveals that disordered methylation patterns in tumor core are associated with hypoxic microenvironment, which provides a framework for understanding biological heterogeneous behavior and guidance for developing effective treatment schemes for breast cancer patients.
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Natural products in the reprogramming of cancer epigenetics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 417:115467. [PMID: 33631231 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the technological advancements, including next generation sequencing, the significance of deregulated epigenetic mechanisms in cancer initiation, progression and treatment has become evident. The accumulating knowledge relating to the epigenetic markers viz. DNA methylation, Histone modifications and non-coding RNAs make them one of the most interesting candidates for developing anti-cancer therapies. The reversibility of deregulated epigenetic mechanisms through environmental and dietary factors opens numerous avenues in the field of chemoprevention and drug development. Recent studies have proven that plant-derived natural products encompass a great potential in targeting epigenetic signatures in cancer and numerous natural products are being explored for their possibility to be considered as "epi-drug". This review intends to highlight the major aberrant epigenetic mechanisms and summarizes the essential functions of natural products like Resveratrol, Quercetin, Genistein, EGCG, Curcumin, Sulforaphane, Apigenin, Parthenolide and Berberine in modulating these aberrations. This knowledge along with the challenges and limitations in this field has potential and wider implications in developing novel and successful therapeutic strategies. The increased focus in the area will possibly provide a better understanding for the development of dietary supplements and/or drugs either alone or in combination. The interaction of epigenetics with different hallmarks of cancer and how natural products can be utilized to target them will also be interesting in the future therapeutic approaches.
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20
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Li F, Qasim S, Li D, Dou QP. Updated review on green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a cancer epigenetic regulator. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:335-352. [PMID: 33453404 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In-depth insights in cancer biology over the past decades have highlighted the important roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. The cancer epigenome usually experiences multiple alternations, including genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and site-specific DNA hypermethylation, various histone posttranslational modifications, and dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These epigenetic changes are plastic and reversible, and could potentially occur in the early stage of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutation, offering unique opportunities for intervention therapies. Therefore, targeting the cancer epigenome or cancer epigenetic dysregulation with some selected agents (called epi-drugs) represents an evolving and promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Phytochemicals, as a class of pleiotropic molecules, have manifested great potential in modulating different cancer processes through epigenetic machinery, of which green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the most extensively studied. In this review, we first summarize epigenetic events involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, including DNA/RNA methylations, histone modifications and ncRNAs' dysregulations. We then focus on the recently discovered roles of phytochemicals, with a special emphasis on EGCG, in modulating different cancer processes through regulating epigenetic machinery. We finally discuss limitations of EGCG as an epigenetic modulator for cancer chemoprevention and treatment and offer potential strategies to overcome the shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tainan, 271018, China
| | - Syeda Qasim
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tainan, 271018, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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21
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Ramírez-Alarcón K, Victoriano M, Mardones L, Villagran M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M. Phytochemicals as Potential Epidrugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656978. [PMID: 34140928 PMCID: PMC8204854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence has significantly increased worldwide in recent years due to population age, obesity, and modern sedentary lifestyles. The projections estimate that 439 million people will be diabetic in 2030. T2DM is characterized by an impaired β-pancreatic cell function and insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and recently the epigenetic regulation of β-pancreatic cells differentiation has been underlined as being involved. It is currently known that several bioactive molecules, widely abundant in plants used as food or infusions, have a key role in histone modification and DNA methylation, and constituted potential epidrugs candidates against T2DM. In this sense, in this review the epigenetic mechanisms involved in T2DM and protein targets are reviewed, with special focus in studies addressing the potential use of phytochemicals as epidrugs that prevent and/or control T2DM in vivo and in vitro. As main findings, and although some controversial results have been found, bioactive molecules with epigenetic regulatory function, appear to be a potential replacement/complementary therapy of pharmacological hypoglycemic drugs, with minimal side effects. Indeed, natural epidrugs have shown to prevent or delay the T2DM development and the morbidity associated to dysfunction of blood vessels, eyes and kidneys due to sustained hyperglycemia in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo Villagran
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
- Scientific-Technological Center for the Sustainable Development of the Coastline, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Oman
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Oman
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
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22
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Mondal P, Natesh J, Penta D, Meeran SM. Progress and promises of epigenetic drugs and epigenetic diets in cancer prevention and therapy: A clinical update. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:503-522. [PMID: 33309850 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable yet reversible, essential for normal physiological functions and biological development. Aberrant epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated gene regulation play a crucial role in cancer progression. In cellular reprogramming, irregular epigenomic modulations alter cell signaling pathways and the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, resulting in cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, alteration of epigenetic-status in cancer cells can be used as a potential target for cancer therapy. Several synthetic epigenetic inhibitors (epi-drugs) and natural epigenetic modulatory bioactives (epi-diets) have been shown to have the potential to alter the aberrant epigenetic status and inhibit cancer progression. Further, the use of combinatorial approaches with epigenetic drugs and diets has brought promising outcomes in cancer prevention and therapy. In this article, we have summarized the epigenetic modulatory activities of epi-drugs, epi-diets, and their combination against various cancers. We have also compiled the preclinical and clinical status of these epigenetic modulators in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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23
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Zhuang J, Huo Q, Yang F, Xie N. Perspectives on the Role of Histone Modification in Breast Cancer Progression and the Advanced Technological Tools to Study Epigenetic Determinants of Metastasis. Front Genet 2020; 11:603552. [PMID: 33193750 PMCID: PMC7658393 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.603552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process that involved in various genetic and epigenetic alterations during the progression of breast cancer. Recent evidences have indicated that the mutation in the genome sequence may not be the key factor for increasing metastatic potential. Epigenetic changes were revealed to be important for metastatic phenotypes transition with the development in understanding the epigenetic basis of breast cancer. Herein, we aim to present the potential epigenetic drivers that induce dysregulation of genes related to breast tumor growth and metastasis, with a particular focus on histone modification including histone acetylation and methylation. The pervasive role of major histone modification enzymes in cancer metastasis such as histone acetyltransferases (HAT), histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and so on are demonstrated and further discussed. In addition, we summarize the recent advances of next-generation sequencing technologies and microfluidic-based devices for enhancing the study of epigenomic landscapes of breast cancer. This feature also introduces several important biotechnologists for identifying robust epigenetic biomarkers and enabling the translation of epigenetic analyses to the clinic. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of epigenetic determinants in metastasis will offer new insights of breast cancer progression and can be achieved in the near future with the development of innovative epigenomic mapping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialang Zhuang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Huo
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Bladder Cancer Metastasis Induced by Chronic Everolimus Application Can Be Counteracted by Sulforaphane In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155582. [PMID: 32759798 PMCID: PMC7432076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, fails long-term in preventing tumor growth and dissemination in cancer patients. Thus, patients experiencing treatment resistance seek complementary measures, hoping to improve therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated metastatic characteristics of bladder carcinoma cells exposed to everolimus combined with the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), which has been shown to exert cancer inhibiting properties. RT112, UMUC3, or TCCSUP bladder carcinoma cells were exposed short- (24 h) or long-term (8 weeks) to everolimus (0.5 nM) or SFN (2.5 µM), alone or in combination. Adhesion and chemotaxis along with profiling details of CD44 receptor variants (v) and integrin α and β subtypes were evaluated. The functional impact of CD44 and integrins was explored by blocking studies and siRNA knock-down. Long-term exposure to everolimus enhanced chemotactic activity, whereas long-term exposure to SFN or the SFN-everolimus combination diminished chemotaxis. CD44v4 and v7 increased on RT112 cells following exposure to SFN or SFN-everolimus. Up-regulation of the integrins α6, αV, and β1 and down-regulation of β4 that was present with everolimus alone could be prevented by combining SFN and everolimus. Down-regulation of αV, β1, and β4 reduced chemotactic activity, whereas knock-down of CD44 correlated with enhanced chemotaxis. SFN could, therefore, inhibit resistance-related tumor dissemination during everolimus-based bladder cancer treatment.
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25
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Tomasello B, Di Mauro MD, Malfa GA, Acquaviva R, Sinatra F, Spampinato G, Laudani S, Villaggio G, Bielak-Zmijewska A, Grabowska W, Barbagallo IA, Liuzzo MT, Sbisà E, Forte MG, Di Giacomo C, Bonucci M, Renis M. Rapha Myr ®, a Blend of Sulforaphane and Myrosinase, Exerts Antitumor and Anoikis-Sensitizing Effects on Human Astrocytoma Cells Modulating Sirtuins and DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5328. [PMID: 32727075 PMCID: PMC7432334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain and other nervous system cancers are the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. Genome instability, cell cycle deregulation, epigenetic mechanisms, cytoarchitecture disassembly, redox homeostasis as well as apoptosis are involved in carcinogenesis. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is inversely related with the risk of developing cancer. Several studies report that cruciferous vegetables exhibited antiproliferative effects due to the multi-pharmacological functions of their secondary metabolites such as isothiocyanate sulforaphane deriving from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates. We treated human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells for 24 h with different concentrations (0.5, 1.25 and 2.5% v/v) of sulforaphane plus active myrosinase (Rapha Myr®) aqueous extract (10 mg/mL). Cell viability, DNA fragmentation, PARP-1 and γH2AX expression were examined to evaluate genotoxic effects of the treatment. Cell cycle progression, p53 and p21 expression, apoptosis, cytoskeleton morphology and cell migration were also investigated. In addition, global DNA methylation, DNMT1 mRNA levels and nuclear/mitochondrial sirtuins were studied as epigenetic biomarkers. Rapha Myr® exhibited low antioxidant capability and exerted antiproliferative and genotoxic effects on 1321N1 cells by blocking the cell cycle, disarranging cytoskeleton structure and focal adhesions, decreasing the integrin α5 expression, renewing anoikis and modulating some important epigenetic pathways independently of the cellular p53 status. In addition, Rapha Myr® suppresses the expression of the oncogenic p53 mutant protein. These findings promote Rapha Myr® as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for integrated cancer therapy of human astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Maria Domenica Di Mauro
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Fulvia Sinatra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (F.S.); (S.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Services Center B.R.I.T. of the University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (F.S.); (S.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Giusy Villaggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (F.S.); (S.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Wioleta Grabowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Ignazio Alberto Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
| | | | - Elisabetta Sbisà
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies -National Research Council Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Massimo Bonucci
- Association Research Center for Integrative Oncology Treatments (ARTOI), 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marcella Renis
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.D.D.M.); (G.A.M.); (R.A.); (I.A.B.); (C.D.G.)
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26
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Metere A, Graves CE. Factors Influencing Epigenetic Mechanisms: Is There A Role for Bariatric Surgery? High Throughput 2020; 9:ht9010006. [PMID: 32244851 PMCID: PMC7151212 DOI: 10.3390/ht9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the interaction between the genome and environmental stimuli capable of influencing gene expression during development and aging. A large number of studies have shown that metabolic diseases are highly associated with epigenetic alterations, suggesting that epigenetic factors may play a central role in obesity. To investigate these relationships, we focus our attention on the most common epigenetic modifications that occur in obesity, including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. We also consider bariatric surgery as an epigenetic factor, evaluating how the anatomic and physiologic modifications induced by these surgical techniques can change gene expression. Here we discuss the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in chronic disease and cancer, and the role of epigenetic disturbances in obesity, with a focus on the role of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Metere
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire E. Graves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St., San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
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27
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Selvakumar P, Badgeley A, Murphy P, Anwar H, Sharma U, Lawrence K, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030761. [PMID: 32183060 PMCID: PMC7146477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid's anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.
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28
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Vallino L, Ferraresi A, Vidoni C, Secomandi E, Esposito A, Dhanasekaran DN, Isidoro C. Modulation of non-coding RNAs by resveratrol in ovarian cancer cells: In silico analysis and literature review of the anti-cancer pathways involved. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:217-229. [PMID: 32670816 PMCID: PMC7340874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Non-coding RNAs control cell functioning through affecting gene expression and translation and their dysregulation is associated with altered cell homeostasis and diseases, including cancer. Nutraceuticals with anti-cancer therapeutic potential have been shown to modulate non-coding RNAs expression that could impact on the expression of genes involved in the malignant phenotype. Experimental procedure Here, we report on the microarray profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and on the associated biochemical pathways and functional processes potentially modulated in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells exposed for 24 h to Resveratrol (RV), a nutraceutical that has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of human and animal models, both in vitro and in vivo. Diana tools and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway analyses along with Pubmed literature search were employed to identify the cellular processes possibly affected by the dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs. Results and conclusion The present data consistently support the contention that RV could exert anti-neoplastic activity via non-coding RNAs epigenetic modulation of the pathways governing cell homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell death and cell motility. Nutraceuticals with anti-cancer therapeutic potential have been shown to modulate non-coding RNAs expression that could impact on the expression of genes involved in the malignant phenotype. Here, we report on the microarray profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and on the associated biochemical pathways and functional processes potentially modulated in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells exposed for 24 h to Resveratrol (RV), a nutraceutical that has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of human and animal models. The data here reported consistently support the contention that RV could exert anti-neoplastic activity via non-coding RNAs epigenetic modulation of the pathways governing cell homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell death and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Vallino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Secomandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
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29
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Bian Y, Wei J, Zhao C, Li G. Natural Polyphenols Targeting Senescence: A Novel Prevention and Therapy Strategy for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020684. [PMID: 31968672 PMCID: PMC7013714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases endangering human health. In view of the side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it is necessary to develop low-toxic anti-cancer compounds. Polyphenols are natural compounds with anti-cancer properties and their application is a considerable choice. Pro-senescence therapy is a recently proposed anti-cancer strategy and has been shown to effectively inhibit cancer. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanisms of polyphenols on tumor suppression by inducing senescence. In this review, we delineated the characteristics of senescent cells, and summarized the mechanisms of polyphenols targeting tumor microenvironment and inducing cancer cell senescence for cancer prevention and therapy. Although many studies have shown that polyphenols effectively inhibit cancer by targeting senescence, it warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.
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