1
|
Smyth SP, Nixon B, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Burke ND, Bromfield EG. Building an Understanding of Proteostasis in Reproductive Cells: The Impact of Reactive Carbonyl Species on Protein Fate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38115641 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Stringent regulation of protein homeostasis pathways, under both physiological and pathological conditions, is necessary for the maintenance of proteome fidelity and optimal cell functioning. However, when challenged by endogenous or exogenous stressors, these proteostasis pathways can become dysregulated with detrimental consequences for protein fate, cell survival, and overall organism health. Most notably, there are numerous somatic pathologies associated with a loss of proteostatic regulation, including neurodegenerative disorders, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Recent Advances: Lipid oxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde, are relatively underappreciated purveyors of proteostatic dysregulation, which elicit their effects via the nonenzymatic post-translational modification of proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of germline proteins can serve as substrates for 4HNE modification. Among these, prevalent targets include succinate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein A2 and A-kinase anchor protein 4, all of which are intrinsically associated with fertility. Critical Issues: Despite growing knowledge in this field, the RCS adductomes of spermatozoa and oocytes are yet to be comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, the manner by which RCS-mediated adduction impacts protein fate and drives cellular responses, such as protein aggregation, requires further examination in the germline. Given that RCS-protein adduction has been attributed a role in infertility, there has been sparked research investment into strategies to prevent lipid peroxidation in germ cells. Future Directions: An increased depth of knowledge regarding the mechanisms and substrates of RCS-mediated protein modification in reproductive cells may reveal important targets for the development of novel therapies to improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes for future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Smyth
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan D Burke
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sánchez-Fernández C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Artime E, Barros A, Fernández-Vega Cueto L, Merayo-Lloves J, Alcalde I. Immunocytochemical Analysis of Crocin against Oxidative Stress in Trigeminal Sensory Neurons Innervating the Cornea. Molecules 2024; 29:456. [PMID: 38257369 PMCID: PMC10818698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases are a major cause of vision loss, often associated with aging, trauma and disease. Damage to corneal sensory innervation leads to discomfort and pain. Environmental stressors, such as short-wavelength light, can induce oxidative stress that alters mitochondrial function and affects cell and tissue homeostasis, including corneal innervation. Cellular antioxidant mechanisms may attenuate oxidative stress. This study investigates crocin, a derivative of saffron, as a potential antioxidant therapy. In vitro rat trigeminal sensory ganglion neurons were exposed to both sodium azide and blue light overexposure as a model of oxidative damage. Crocin was used as a neuroprotective agent. Mitochondrial and cytoskeletal markers were studied by immunofluorescence analysis to determine oxidative damage and neuroprotection. In vivo corneal innervation degeneration was evaluated in cornea whole mount preparations using Sholl analyses. Blue light exposure induces oxidative stress that affects trigeminal neuron mitochondria and alters sensory axon dynamics in vitro, and it also affects corneal sensory innervation in an in vivo model. Our results show that crocin was effective in preserving mitochondrial function and protecting corneal sensory neurons from oxidative stress. Crocin appears to be a promising candidate for the neuroprotection of corneal innervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alberto Barros
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eraslan N, Celikay O. Assessment of corneal sublayer thickness changes in glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography and correlation of epithelial layer thinning with dry eye monitoring. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103728. [PMID: 37517427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to assess the central corneal epithelial thickness (CET), central corneal stromal thickness (CST), and total central corneal thickness (CCT) thinning relationships with dry eye development monitoring and underestimated measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients treated with timolol, dorzolamide, and brimonidine. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study included 106 patients with POAG. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. In addition, CET, CST, and CCT were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Subsequently, the cohort was divided into three groups based on the therapy administered. The Tomec group received monotherapy with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved timolol + dorzolamide fixed combination. The Alphagan group received monotherapy with purite-preserved brimonidine, and the Combigan group received monotherapy with BAK-preserved timolol + brimonidine fixed combination. RESULTS CET, CST, and CCT did not show a statistically significant decrease in the Alphagan group (p>0.05). However, the Tomec and Combigan groups showed significantly reduced measurements, except for stromal thickness (p<0.05). Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between changes in tear break-up time (TBUT) and CET during the follow-up period (r = 0.637, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CET and CCT thinning were higher in the Tomec and Combigan groups than in the Alphagan group. Furthermore, although CCT reduction was significant in the Tomec and Combigan groups, its effect on IOP underestimation was approximately 1%. Furthermore, the positive correlation between CET and TBUT suggests that CET measurement with AS-OCT may also be useful in dry eye monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Numan Eraslan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Osman Celikay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhuang D, Misra SL, Mugisho OO, Rupenthal ID, Craig JP. NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10866. [PMID: 37446038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder arising from numerous interrelated underlying pathologies that trigger a self-perpetuating cycle of instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface damage. Associated ocular discomfort and visual disturbance contribute negatively to quality of life. Ocular surface inflammation has been increasingly recognised as playing a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic DED. Current readily available anti-inflammatory agents successfully relieve symptoms, but often without addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. The NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway has recently been implicated as a key driver of ocular surface inflammation, as reported in pre-clinical and clinical studies of DED. This review discusses the intimate relationship between DED and inflammation, highlights the involvement of the inflammasome in the development of DED, describes existing anti-inflammatory therapies and their limitations, and evaluates the potential of the inflammasome in the context of the existing anti-inflammatory therapeutic landscape as a therapeutic target for effective treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao M, Yu Y, Ying GS, Asbell PA, Bunya VY. Age Associations with Dry Eye Clinical Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100270. [PMID: 36846104 PMCID: PMC9950493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate how increasing age is associated with dry eye disease (DED) signs and symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study. This study was undertaken to better understand how DED signs and symptoms differ across decades of life with goals to help assess detection and treatment of DED. Design Secondary analysis of the DREAM study. Subjects One hundred twenty, 140, 185, and 90 participants aged < 50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and ≥ 70 years, respectively. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from the DREAM study, a multicenter randomized clinical trial, to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of DED. At baseline, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up, participants underwent an assessment of DED symptoms and signs using Ocular Surface Disease Index, Brief Pain Inventory, tear break-up time (TBUT) (in seconds), Schirmer test with anesthesia (mm/5 minutes), conjunctival staining, corneal staining, meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation, and tear osmolarity (mOsm/l). Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to compare DED symptoms and signs across the 4 age groups among all participants and by sex. Main Outcome Measures Scores of DED symptoms, individual signs, and composite scores of DED signs. Results Among 535 patients with DED, increasing age was significantly associated with worse TBUT (P = 0.01), corneal staining (P < 0.001), a composite severity score of DED signs (P = 0.007), and tear osmolarity (P = 0.001). Similar significant differences were found across 4 age groups of 334 women in TBUT, corneal staining score, composite severity score of DED signs, and tear osmolarity (all P < 0.05) but not in men. Conclusion We found that corneal staining, TBUT, tear osmolarity, and a composite severity score of DED signs were significantly more severe with increasing age in women but not in men; worsening symptoms did not increase with increasing age. Financial Disclosures The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Zhao
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gui-shuang Ying
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Penny A. Asbell
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vatinee Y. Bunya
- Correspondence: Vatinee Y. Bunya, MD, MSCE, Scheie Eye Institute, 51 N 39th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dammak A, Pastrana C, Martin-Gil A, Carpena-Torres C, Peral Cerda A, Simovart M, Alarma P, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G. Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020292. [PMID: 36830827 PMCID: PMC9952931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, and lens. In fact, the injury in the anterior segment of the eye takes its origin from the perturbation of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and leads to increased oxidative damage, especially when the first line of antioxidant defence weakens with age. Furthermore, oxidative stress is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are involved in anterior ocular disease progression such as dry eye, keratoconus, uveitis, and cataract. The different pathologies are interconnected through various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress making the diagnostics more relevant in early stages. The end point of the molecular pathway is the release of different antioxidant biomarkers offering the potential of predictive diagnostics of the pathology. In this review, we have analysed the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the front of the eye to provide a better understanding of the pathomechanism, the importance of biomarkers for the diagnosis of eye diseases, and the recent treatment of anterior ocular diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Scarpellini C, Ramos Llorca A, Lanthier C, Klejborowska G, Augustyns K. The Potential Role of Regulated Cell Death in Dry Eye Diseases and Ocular Surface Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:731. [PMID: 36614174 PMCID: PMC9820812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on new treatments for dry eye diseases (DED) has exponentially grown over the past decades. The increased prevalence of dry eye conditions, particularly in the younger population, has received much attention. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutical targets. Regulated cell death (RCD) is an essential process to control the biological homeostasis of tissues and organisms. The identification of different mechanisms of RCD stimulated the research on their involvement in different human pathologies. Whereas apoptosis has been widely studied in DED and included in the DED vicious cycle, the role of RCD still needs to be completely elucidated. In this review, we will explore the potential roles of different types of RCD in DED and ocular surface dysfunction. Starting from the evidence of oxidative stress and inflammation in dry eye pathology, we will analyse the potential therapeutic applications of the following principal RCD mechanisms: ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balla A, Tran B, Valtari A, Steven P, Scarpellini C, Augustyns K, Urtti A, Vellonen KS, Ruponen M. A Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitor UAMC-3203, a Potential Treatment for Corneal Epithelial Wound. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010118. [PMID: 36678747 PMCID: PMC9863691 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal wound, associated with pain, impaired vision, and even blindness, is the most common ocular injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel ferroptosis inhibitor, UAMC-3203 (10 nM-50 µM), in corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and ex vivo using alkali-induced corneal wounded mice eye model. We evaluated in vivo acute tolerability of the compound by visual inspection, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and stereomicroscope imaging in rats after its application (100 µM drug solution in phosphate buffer pH 7.4) twice a day for 5 days. In addition, we studied the partitioning of UAMC-3203 in corneal epithelium and corneal stroma using excised porcine cornea. Our study demonstrated that UAMC-3203 had a positive corneal epithelial wound healing effect at the optimal concentration of 10 nM (IC50 value for ferroptosis) in vitro and at 10 µM in the ex vivo study. UAMC-3203 solution (100 µM) was well tolerated after topical administration with no signs of toxicity and inflammation in rats. Ex-vivo distribution study revealed significantly higher concentration (~12-38-fold) and partition coefficient (Kp) (~52 times) in corneal epithelium than corneal stroma. The UAMC-3203 solution (100 µM) was stable for up to 30 days at 4 °C, 37 °C, and room temperature. Overall, UAMC-3203 provides a new prospect for safe and effective therapy for corneal wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Balla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Bao Tran
- Division of Dry-Eye and Ocular GVHD, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Valtari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philipp Steven
- Division of Dry-Eye and Ocular GVHD, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Camilla Scarpellini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati-Sisko Vellonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Recent Advances and the Mechanism of Astaxanthin in Ophthalmological Diseases. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:8071406. [PMID: 35646393 PMCID: PMC9142330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a naturally occurring carotenoid that has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis effects and is used for the prevention of cancer. There is growing evidence that AST has multiple protective effects against various eye diseases. This article reviews the function and the potential mechanism of AST in dry eye syndrome, keratitis, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, high intraocular pressure, and other ocular diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of AST as a potential nutraceutical.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Tang L, Zhou J, Anchouche S, Li D, Yang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, Hu J, Zhou Y, Yin J, Liu Z, Li W. Sleep deprivation induces corneal epithelial progenitor cell over-expansion through disruption of redox homeostasis in the tear film. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1105-1119. [PMID: 35487212 PMCID: PMC9133657 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deficiency, a common public health problem, causes ocular discomfort and affects ocular surface health. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we identified that short-term sleep deprivation (SD) resulted in hyperproliferation of corneal epithelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) in mice. The expression levels of p63 and Keratin 14, the biomarkers of CEPCs, were upregulated in the corneal epithelium after short-term SD. In addition, SD led to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequent decrease in antioxidant capacity, in the tear film. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could directly stimulate the proliferation of CEPCs in vivo and in vitro. Topical treatment of antioxidant L-glutathione preserved the over-proliferation of CEPCs and attenuated corneal epithelial defects in SD mice. Moreover, the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is essential to ROS-stimulated cell proliferation in CEPCs. However, long-term SD ultimately led to early manifestation of limbal stem cell deficiency. Sleep deprivation induces the over-expansion of corneal epithelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) Sleep deprivation disrupts redox homeostasis in the tear film PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation is essential to ROS-stimulated CEPC over-proliferation Topical L-glutathione treatment attenuates CEPC over-proliferation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanming Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Liying Tang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China
| | - Sonia Anchouche
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario 027399, Canada
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China
| | - Jieli Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China
| | - Yueping Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China; Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421200, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361104, China; Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Labetoulle M, Benitez-del-Castillo JM, Barabino S, Herrero Vanrell R, Daull P, Garrigue JS, Rolando M. Artificial Tears: Biological Role of Their Ingredients in the Management of Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052434. [PMID: 35269576 PMCID: PMC8910031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common ocular surface disease, characterized by insufficient production and/or instability of the tear film. Tear substitutes are usually the first line of treatment for patients with DED. Despite the large variety of tear substitutes available on the market, few studies have been performed to compare their performance. There is a need to better understand the specific mechanical and pharmacological roles of each ingredient composing the different formulations. In this review, we describe the main categories of ingredients composing tear substitutes (e.g., viscosity-enhancing agents, electrolytes, osmo-protectants, antioxidants, lipids, surfactants and preservatives) as well as their effects on the ocular surface, and we provide insight into how certain components of tear substitutes may promote corneal wound healing, and/or counteract inflammation. Based on these considerations, we propose an approach to select the most appropriate tear substitute formulations according to the predominant etiological causes of DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
| | | | - Stefano Barabino
- Centro Superficie Oculare e Occhio Secco, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rocio Herrero Vanrell
- Research Group (UCM 920415), Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal), Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Philippe Daull
- Ophthalmic Innovation Center, Santen SAS, 91058 Evry, France;
| | | | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface Centre, ISPRE (Instituto di Medicina Oftalmica) Ophthalmic, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Navel V, Sapin V, Henrioux F, Blanchon L, Labbé A, Chiambaretta F, Baudouin C, Dutheil F. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:45-57. [PMID: 33938134 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 10 January 2021 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in DED and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, conjunctival cells or biopsies), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (patients with or without SS) and by geographical zones (Asia or Europe). RESULTS We included nine articles, for a total of 333 patients (628 eye samples) with DED and 165 healthy controls (451 eye samples). There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in DED compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation = 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.94), with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (1.90, 0.69-3.11), myeloperoxidase (2.17, 1.06-3.28), nitric oxide synthase 3 (2.52, 0.95-4.08), xanthine oxidase/oxidoreductase (2.41, 1.40-5.43), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) (4.75, 1.67-7.84), malondialdehyde (3.00, 2.55-3.45) and reactive oxygen species (1.31, 0.94-1.68). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears, conjunctival cells and conjunctival biopsies of DED than controls. Even if small number of studies were included for antioxidants, catalase seemed to be decreased in DED compared with healthy controls (-2.17, -3.00 to -1.34), with an increase of antioxidants in tears of DED patients without SS (1.13, 0.76-1.49). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress markers, and probably antioxidants, were dysregulated in DED, establishing a local oxidative environment in tears, conjunctival cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Navel
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Fanny Henrioux
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine Witty Fit Clermont‐Ferrand France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim YE, Kim J. ROS-Scavenging Therapeutic Hydrogels for Modulation of the Inflammatory Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 14:23002-23021. [PMID: 34962774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular processes, excessive ROS could be a major cause of various inflammatory diseases because of the oxidation of proteins, DNA, and membrane lipids. It has recently been suggested that the amount of ROS could thus be regulated to treat such physiological disorders. A ROS-scavenging hydrogel is a promising candidate for therapeutic applications because of its high biocompatibility, 3D matrix, and ability to be modified. Approaches to conferring antioxidant properties to normal hydrogels include embedding ROS-scavenging catalytic nanoparticles, modifying hydrogel polymer chains with ROS-adsorbing organic moieties, and incorporating ROS-labile linkers in polymer backbones. Such therapeutic hydrogels can be used for wound healing, cardiovascular diseases, bone repair, ocular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. ROS-scavenging hydrogels could eliminate oxidative stress, accelerate the regeneration process, and show synergetic effects with other drugs or therapeutic molecules. In this review, the mechanisms by which ROS are generated and scavenged in the body are outlined, and the effects of high levels of ROS and the resulting oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases are described. Next, the mechanism of ROS scavenging by hydrogels is explained depending on the ROS-scavenging agents embedded within the hydrogel. Lastly, the recent achievements in the development of ROS-scavenging hydrogels to treat various inflammation-associated diseases are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anitua E, Muruzabal F, Pino A, Prado R, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Merayo-Lloves J. Proteomic Characterization of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and Undiluted Autologous Serum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212176. [PMID: 34830053 PMCID: PMC8618701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, there has been special interest in developing drugs that mimic the characteristics of natural tears for use it in the treatment of several ocular surface disorders. Interestingly, the composition of blood plasma is very similar to tears. Therefore, different blood-derived products like autologous serum (AS) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) have been developed for the treatment of diverse ocular pathologies. However, scarce studies have been carried out to analyze the differences between both types of blood-derived products. In the present study, blood from three healthy donors was drawn and processed to obtain AS and PRGF eye drops. Then, human corneal stromal keratocytes (HK) were treated with PRGF or undiluted AS. Proteomic analysis was carried out to analyze and characterize the differential protein profiles between PRGF and AS, and the differentially expressed proteins in HK cells after PRGF and AS treatment. The results obtained in the present study show that undiluted AS induces the activation of different pathways related to an inflammatory, angiogenic, oxidative stress and scarring response in HK cells regarding PRGF. These results suggest that PRGF could be a better alternative than AS for the treatment of ocular surface disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Muruzabal
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ander Pino
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Roberto Prado
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Clinically Relevant Activity of the Novel RASP Inhibitor Reproxalap in Allergic Conjunctivitis: The Phase 3 ALLEVIATE Trial. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 230:60-67. [PMID: 33945820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the post-acute activity and clinical utility of reproxalap, a novel reactive aldehyde species (RASP) inhibitor, versus vehicle in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. DESIGN Parallel-group, double-masked, randomized Phase 3 trial. METHODS Two topical ocular reproxalap concentrations (0.25% and 0.5%) were evaluated versus vehicle in patients with allergic conjunctivitis randomized 1:1:1 and treated with test article 10 minutes prior to conjunctival seasonal allergen challenge. The primary endpoint was area under the post-acute ocular itching score (range = 0-4) curve from 10 to 60 minutes after challenge. The key secondary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with ≥2 points improvement from their peak ocular itching score at baseline. RESULTS A total of 318 patients were randomized at 11 US sites. Both concentrations of reproxalap (0.25% and 0.5%) achieved the primary endpoint (P < .0001 and P = .003, respectively) and the key secondary endpoint (P = .0005 and P = .02, respectively). Time to complete resolution of ocular itching was statistically faster for both reproxalap concentrations than for vehicle (P < .0001 and P = .001, respectively). No safety or tolerability concerns were noted. The most common adverse event was mild and transient instillation site irritation. CONCLUSION Reproxalap was effective at reducing ocular itching in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Reproxalap activity was clinically relevant, as assessed by responder-based and distributional analyses. ALLEVIATE represents one of the first allergic conjunctivitis Phase 3 trials of a novel mechanism of action in decades, and is unique among conjunctival allergen challenge trials in assessing clinical relevance with standard and validated techniques.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lactoferrin and Its Detection Methods: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082492. [PMID: 34444652 PMCID: PMC8398339 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is one of the major functional proteins in maintaining human health due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Abnormal levels of LF in the human body are related to some serious diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer’s disease and dry eye disease. Recent studies indicate that LF can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of these diseases. Many methods have been developed to detect the level of LF. In this review, the biofunctions of LF and its potential to work as a biomarker are introduced. In addition, the current methods of detecting lactoferrin have been presented and discussed. We hope that this review will inspire efforts in the development of new sensing systems for LF detection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu J, Sigler A, Pfaff A, Cen N, Ercal N, Shi H. Development of a HPLC-MS/MS method for assessment of thiol redox status in human tear fluids. Anal Biochem 2021; 629:114295. [PMID: 34186074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is reported to be part of the pathology of many ocular diseases. For the diagnosis of ocular diseases, tear fluid has unique advantages. Although numerous analytical methods exist for the measurement of different types of biomolecules in tear fluid, few have been reported for comprehensive understanding of oxidative stress-related thiol redox signaling. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine a panel of twelve metabolites that systematically covered several thiol metabolic pathways. With optimization of MS/MS parameters and HPLC mobile phases, this method was sensitive (LOQ as low as 0.01 ng/ml), accurate (80-125% spike recovery) and precise (<10% RSD). This LC-MS/MS method combined with a simple tear fluid collection with Schirmer test strip followed by ultrafiltration allowed the high-throughput analysis for efficient determination of metabolites associated with thiol redox signaling in human tear fluids. The method was then applied to a small cohort of tear fluids obtained from healthy individuals. The method presented here provides a new technique to facilitate future work aiming to determine the complex thiol redox signaling in tear fluids for accurate assessment and diagnosis of ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Austin Sigler
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Annalise Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Nan Cen
- Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Clark D, Tauber J, Sheppard J, Brady TC. Early Onset and Broad Activity of Reproxalap in a Randomized, Double-Masked, Vehicle-Controlled Phase 2b Trial in Dry Eye Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 226:22-31. [PMID: 33529588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the activity of reproxalap, a novel reactive aldehyde species (RASP) inhibitor, relative to vehicle in patients with dry eye disease (DED) DESIGN: Randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled Phase 2b trial METHODS: Three hundred patients with DED were randomly assigned 1:1:1 at multiple US sites to receive 0.1% topical ocular reproxalap, 0.25% topical ocular reproxalap, or vehicle. Eyes were treated bilaterally 4 times daily for 12 weeks. Standard signs and symptoms of DED were assessed at baseline and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS A dose response was observed for signs and symptoms of DED. Relative to vehicle over 12 weeks of therapy, the largest symptomatic improvement was observed in ocular dryness (0.25%, P = .047), and the largest objective sign improvement was observed in nasal region fluorescein staining (0.25%, P = .030). A greater proportion of patients receiving 0.25% reproxalap vs. vehicle reported dryness scores of 0 (P = .012). Improvements in combined DED symptoms were evident by the first post-baseline visit (Week 2, 0.25%, P < .0001) in patients with baseline scores greater than or equal to median values. No significant changes in safety measures were observed. CONCLUSION The novel RASP inhibitor reproxalap demonstrated rapid, broad, and clinically relevant symptomatic control, in conjunction with statistically significant improvement over vehicle in signs of DED as demonstrated by fluorescein staining, in DED patients over 12 weeks of therapy. The results represent the first vehicle-controlled evidence for the therapeutic potential of RASP inhibition to mitigate the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Clark
- From Aldeyra Therapeutics (D.C., T.C.B.), Lexington, Massachusetts
| | | | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants (J.S.), Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Todd C Brady
- From Aldeyra Therapeutics (D.C., T.C.B.), Lexington, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choy CKM, Benzie IFF, Cho P. Is ascorbate in human tears from corneal leakage or from lacrimal secretion? Clin Exp Optom 2021; 87:24-7. [PMID: 14720117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2003] [Revised: 09/25/2003] [Accepted: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether fresh main lacrimal gland secretion contains ascorbate, with a view to providing indirect evidence of an immediate source of this antioxidant in tears. Our hypothesis was that, if the source is corneal leakage, continuous tearing or rinsing of the eye will result in a marked decrease, by dilution, in ascorbate concentration in the reflex tears collected. Alternatively, the ascorbate concentration will be relatively constant if the main lacrimal gland secretion is the main immediate source. METHODS Five successive samples of yawn-induced reflex tears were collected from the same eye of each of 42 subjects. In 36 of these volunteers, the testing eye was then flushed with 10 ml of saline and a sixth tear sample ('post-flush') was collected immediately. Tear ascorbate concentrations were measured using a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS The ascorbate concentration of the first sample (baseline) was slightly but significantly (P < 0.0001) lower (17.3 +/- 8.9 micro M) than the four subsequent samples in all subjects (average 21.4 microM). Ascorbate concentrations of post-flush samples were very similar to pre-flush values. Mean +/- SD ascorbate concentrations of pre- and post-flush samples were, respectively, 22.5 +/- 10.9 and 17.3 +/- 5.8 microM. DISCUSSION Results show that ascorbate is present in fresh reflex tears. Data do not support the view that the cornea is the source of tear ascorbate in healthy eyes. Rather, results indicate that ascorbate is present in main lacrimal gland secretion and that this antioxidant is depleted in basal tears. Measurement of tear ascorbate may offer useful information regarding antioxidant supply to and protection of the cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camus Kar Man Choy
- Department of Optometry and Radiography, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Health Potential of Aloe vera against Oxidative Stress Induced Corneal Damage: An "In Vitro" Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020318. [PMID: 33672553 PMCID: PMC7923787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by the gradual deterioration of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and is the most common cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. CECs apoptosis caused by oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of FECD. Antioxidant compounds have been of considerable significance as a candidate treatment in the management of corneal diseases. Based on these findings, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an aloe extract with antioxidant properties, in an “in vitro” model of FECD. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were preincubated with aloe extract 100 μg/mL, two hours before hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. H2O2 challenge significantly reduced the cell viability, increased the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, m-RNA expression and activity of Nrf-2, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced together with an enhanced expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Furthermore, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 expression were down-regulated while Bax was up-regulated by H2O2 stimulus. Aloe extract blunted the oxidative stress-induced inflammatory cascade triggered by H2O2 and modulated apoptosis. Aloe extract defends HCE cells from H2O2-induced injury possibly due its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, indicating that eye drops containing aloe extract may be used as an adjunctive treatment for FECD.
Collapse
|
21
|
Clark D, Sheppard J, Brady TC. A Randomized Double-Masked Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate Activity and Safety of Topical Ocular Reproxalap, a Novel RASP Inhibitor, in Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:193-199. [PMID: 33450164 PMCID: PMC8106247 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether reproxalap, a novel reactive aldehyde species (RASP) inhibitor, is safe and effective for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Methods: In a randomized double-masked parallel-group Phase 2a trial of 3 topical ocular reproxalap formulations (0.1% ophthalmic solution, 0.5% ophthalmic solution, and 0.5% lipid ophthalmic solution), 51 patients with DED were randomly assigned 1:1:1 at a single US site. Eyes were treated bilaterally 4 times daily for 28 days, and standard DED signs and symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 7 and 28 days of dosing. Tear RASP levels were assessed at baseline and at day 28. Results: The effect of treatment on DED signs and symptoms was similar across the treatment arms, and pooled data from the 28-day treatment period demonstrated significant improvement from baseline in Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye Disease score (P = 0.003), Ocular Discomfort Scale score (P < 0.0001), Ocular Discomfort Score and 4-Symptom Questionnaire overall score (P = 0.0004), Schirmer's test (P = 0.008), tear osmolarity (P = 0.003), and lissamine green total staining score (P = 0.002). Improvements in DED symptoms were evident within 1 week of therapy, and effect sizes generally approached or exceeded 0.5. No significant changes in safety measures were observed. Conclusion: The results suggest that the novel RASP inhibitor reproxalap has the potential to mitigate the signs and symptoms of DED, and may represent a new, rapidly and broadly active treatment approach for DED (NCT03162783).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Clark
- Aldeyra Therapeutics, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Todd C Brady
- Aldeyra Therapeutics, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Puro DG. How goblet cells respond to dry eye: adaptive and pathological roles of voltage-gated calcium channels and P2X 7 purinoceptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1305-C1315. [PMID: 32348177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00086.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye is a common sight-impairing, painful disorder characterized by disruption of the preocular tear film, whose integrity is required for ~70% of the eye's refractive power. A universal feature of clinical dry eye is hyperosmolarity of the tears resulting from their accelerated evaporation due to dysfunction of tear- and oil-producing ocular glands. A key adaptive response to dryness/hyperosmolarity is release of tear-stabilizing mucin by conjunctival goblet cells. Yet the mechanisms mediating this response to hyperosmolarity remain poorly understood. In this study of freshly excised rat conjunctiva, perforated-patch recordings revealed that during sustained hyperosmolarity, the development of a nonspecific cation (NSC) conductance depolarizes the goblet cells to a near-optimal voltage for the tonic activation of their voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). In turn, as demonstrated by high-resolution membrane capacitance measurements, VGCC activation boosts the exocytotic response of conjunctival goblet cells to neural input. However, over time, VGCC activation also increases the vulnerability of these cells to the lethality of hyperosmolarity. Viability assays further revealed that hyperosmotic-induced goblet cell death is critically dependent on P2X7 receptor channels. Similar to the yin-yang impact of VGCCs on goblet cell physiology and pathobiology, P2X7 activation not only compromises goblet cell viability but also enhances exocytotic activity. Thus, the NSC/VGCC and P2X7 purinoceptor pathways are components of a previously unappreciated high-gain/high-risk adaptive strategy to combat ocular dryness. These pathways boost release of tear-stabilizing mucin at the risk of jeopardizing the viability of the conjunctival goblet cells, whose loss is a histopathological hallmark of irreversible mucin-deficient dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Puro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi SW, Cha BG, Kim J. Therapeutic Contact Lens for Scavenging Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species on the Ocular Surface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2483-2496. [PMID: 31935066 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many eye diseases. Controlling oxidative stress by reducing the amount of ROS is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases, particularly ocular surface diseases. Ceria nanoparticles (CeNPs) have been investigated owing to their efficient ROS-scavenging properties. To overcome the disadvantages of eyedrop administration due to rapid elimination on the surface of the eye and to retain the intrinsic properties of contact lenses, we developed an ROS-scavenging water-soluble CeNP-embedded contact lens (CeNP-CL) for the prevention of ocular surface diseases. The intrinsic ROS-scavenging property of the CeNPs, which mimicked the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, was incorporated into polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate-based contact lenses. The CeNP-CL exhibited high transparency and physical properties comparable to those of a commercial contact lens, along with excellent extracellular ROS-scavenging properties. The viabilities of human conjunctival epithelial cells and human meibomian gland epithelial cells were significantly enhanced in the presence of CeNP-CLs, even in media with high H2O2 contents (100 and 500 μM). Additionally, the wearing of CeNP-CLs on the eyes had a protective effect in a mouse model when 3% H2O2 eyedrops were administered. These results indicate the salvaging effect of the CeNP-CL in a high-ROS environment on the ocular surface, which may be helpful for the treatment of ocular surface diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Cha
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suwal A, Hao JL, Zhou DD, Liu XF, Suwal R, Lu CW. Use of Intense Pulsed Light to Mitigate Meibomian Gland Dysfunction for Dry Eye Disease. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1385-1392. [PMID: 32624695 PMCID: PMC7330664 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a common ocular condition that needs prompt diagnosis and careful treatment interventions. If left untreated, it can lead to numerous sight-threatening complications, including ulceration of the cornea, blepharitis, alterations of the tear film, conjunctivitis, and in severe cases, may lead to scarring, thinning, and even perforation of the cornea. Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a non-laser high-intensity light source that has shown to play a valuable role in dry eye disease. Recent evidence from various research works has shown that IPL modifies the mechanism of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), which helps to relieve the symptoms of DED. In this review, we demonstrated the mechanism of action of IPL, including its benefits on DED. The emerging evidence shows that the role of IPL in DED is novel and therapeutic. These results direct us to conclude that IPL is a potentially beneficial tool and essential future therapy for dry eye disease. Advances in the treatment of DED will lead to a better quality of life. However, tools to recognize potentially severe side effects of DED earlier in order to treat or prevent them must be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Suwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Raja Suwal
- Department of Radiology, Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar, Province No. 1, Nepal
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yazdani M, Elgstøen KBP, Rootwelt H, Shahdadfar A, Utheim ØA, Utheim TP. Tear Metabolomics in Dry Eye Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3755. [PMID: 31374809 PMCID: PMC6695908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial syndrome that can be caused by alteration in the quality or quantity of the precorneal tear film. It is considered one of the most common ocular conditions leading patients to seek eye care. The current method for diagnostic evaluations and follow-up examinations of DED is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms determined by clinical tests and questionnaires, respectively. The application of powerful omics technologies has opened new avenues toward analysis of subjects in health and disease. Metabolomics is a new emerging and complementary research discipline to all modern omics in the comprehensive analysis of biological systems. The identification of distinct metabolites and integrated metabolic profiles in patients can potentially inform clinicians at an early stage or during monitoring of disease progression, enhancing diagnosis, prognosis, and the choice of therapy. In ophthalmology, metabolomics has gained considerable attention over the past decade but very limited such studies have been reported on DED. This paper aims to review the application of tear metabolomics in DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3019 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604 Arendal, Norway
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alhalwani AY, Davey RL, Kaul N, Barbee SA, Alex Huffman J. Modification of lactoferrin by peroxynitrite reduces its antibacterial activity and changes protein structure. Proteins 2019; 88:166-174. [PMID: 31295370 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that plays important physiological roles as one of the most concentrated proteins in many human and other mammalian fluids and tissues. In particular, LF provides antibacterial properties to human milk, saliva, and tear fluid. LF also protects against stress-induced lipid peroxidation at inflammation sites through its iron-binding ability. Previous studies have shown that LF can be efficiently nitrated via biologically relevant mediators such as peroxynitrite (ONOO- ), which are also present at high intracellular concentrations during inflammation and nitrosative stress. Here, we examine changes in antibacterial properties and structure of LF following ONOO- treatment. The reaction induces nitration of tyrosine and tryptophan residues, which are commonly used as biomarker molecules for several diseases. Treatment with ONOO- at a 10/1 M ratio of ONOO- to tyrosine inhibited all antibacterial activity exhibited by native LF. Secondary structural changes in LF were assessed using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Nitration products with and without the addition of Fe3+ show significant reduction in alpha-helical properties, suggesting partial protein unfolding. Iron-binding capacity of LF was also reduced after treatment with ONOO- , suggesting a decreased ability of LF to protect against cellular damage. LC-MS/MS spectrometry was used to identify LF peptide fragments nitrated by ONOO- , including tyrosine residue Y92 located in the iron-binding region. These results suggest that posttranslational modification of LF by ONOO- could be an important pathway to exacerbate infection, for example, in inflamed tissues and to reduce the ability of LF to act as an immune responder and decrease oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Y Alhalwani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rachel L Davey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Navneeta Kaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Scott A Barbee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - J Alex Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Investigating the potential of carboxymethyl pullulan for protecting the rabbit eye from systematically induced precorneal tear film damage. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Jung SJ, Lee SH. Association between Three Heavy Metals and Dry Eye Disease in Korean Adults: Results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019; 33:26-35. [PMID: 30746909 PMCID: PMC6372379 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2018.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the associations between blood heavy metal concentrations and dry eye disease using a Korean population-based survey. Methods This study included 23,376 participants >40 years of age who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012. Blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were measured in all participants. The associations between blood heavy metal concentrations and dry eye disease were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, lifestyle behaviors and sociodemographic factors, the analyses revealed an increased odds ratio (OR) for dry eye disease with higher blood mercury concentrations (tertile 2: OR, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.64; tertile 3: OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.89; p = 0.039). The prevalence of dry eye disease was not associated with blood lead (tertile 2: OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.51; tertile 3: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.16; p = 0.283) or cadmium (tertile 2: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.44; tertile 3: OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.58; p = 0.389) concentrations. There were no significant associations between any of the three heavy metals and dry eye disease in males after adjusting for potential confounding factors, but blood mercury concentrations in females were associated with dry eye disease (tertile 2: OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.69; tertile 3: OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.24; p = 0.009). Conclusions Mercury concentrations in blood were associated with dry eye disease. Our results suggested that controlling environmental exposure to mercury may be necessary to reduce the incidence of dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Si Hyung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Giannaccare G, Taroni L, Senni C, Scorcia V. Intense Pulsed Light Therapy In The Treatment Of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Current Perspectives. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2019; 11:113-126. [PMID: 31802961 PMCID: PMC6802620 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s217639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common condition encountered during ophthalmic practice, reducing patient's quality of life and work productivity. Most of DED cases have an evaporative component originated from a meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Conventional treatments such as tear substitute, warm compresses, topical anti-inflammatory agents and/or antibiotics often are not able to provide a complete and long-term relief of symptoms and signs. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been widely used in the field of dermatology to treat various skin conditions, and it has been recently introduced in the ophthalmic practice for the management of DED due to MGD. To date, several clinical studies showed positive results of IPL as adjuvant therapy for DED in terms of both safety and efficacy. The treatment is usually well accepted among patients for its non-invasive nature; very rare are the major adverse reactions. Moreover, results can be maintained over time with periodic sessions of IPL. This review summarizes the clinical outcomes of IPL therapy in MGD patients pointing out its potential role in the therapeutic algorithm of the disease. Further clinical investigations are desirable to identify factors able to predict the positive outcomes of the procedure and therefore to select in advance those patients who best benefit from IPL therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: Giuseppe Giannaccare Department of Ophthalmology, University “Magna Græcia”, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Germaneto88100, ItalyTel +39 3317186201 Email
| | - Leonardo Taroni
- Department of Ophthalmology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Senni
- Department of Ophthalmology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamashita SI, Suzuki N, Yamamoto K, Iio SI, Yamada T. Effects of MaquiBright ® on improving eye dryness and fatigue in humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:172-178. [PMID: 31193920 PMCID: PMC6544612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of MaquiBright®, also known as BrightSight®, a standardized maqui berry extract, on improving eye dryness and fatigue in Japanese subjects (aged 30–60 years) experiencing eye dryness, eye fatigue, and ≥4 h of visual display terminal (VDT) work daily. Seventy-four participants were equally but randomly assigned to either a MaquiBright® (MB) or a placebo (P) group, wherein each participant consumed one capsule daily for 4 weeks of the appropriate treatment (MaquiBright® 60 or 0 mg). Eye dryness and fatigue were measured using the Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (BUT) test, pupillary response, and flicker test before intake and 4 weeks after intake. Furthermore, subjective symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) method and the Dry Eye–related Quality of Life Score (DEQS) questionnaire. The MB group demonstrated a significantly higher lacrimal fluid production in both eyes (increased 6.4 ± 8.1 mm, P = 0.005) in Schirmer's test compared to the P group before VDT load (playing a video game) at 4 weeks after intake. In the VAS method after VDT load, the reduction of subjective symptoms in eye fatigue (P = 0.047) and stiff shoulders (P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the MB group than in the P group as well as bothersome ocular symptoms (P = 0.037) by the DEQS. No adverse events were reported. Thus, the consumption of 60 mg of MaquiBright® per day for 4 weeks reduced eye dryness and seemed to alleviate eye fatigue.
Collapse
Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index
- BUT, Break-up time
- DEQS questionnaire
- DEQS, Dry Eye-related Quality of Life Score
- Delphinidin
- Lacrimal fluid production
- MB group, MaquiBright® group
- Maqui berry
- P group, Placebo group
- QOL, Quality of life
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SD, Standard deviation
- Schirmer's test
- VAS, Visual Analogue Scale
- VDT, Visual Display Terminal
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Yamashita
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
- Corresponding author. ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan.
| | - Naoko Suzuki
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Iio
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Ario Nishiarai Eye Clinic, 2F Ario Nishiarai, 1-20-1 Nishiarai Sakae-machi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 123-0843, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Puro DG. Role of ion channels in the functional response of conjunctival goblet cells to dry eye. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C236-C246. [PMID: 29669221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00077.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimal vision requires an ocular surface with a stable tear film whose many critical tasks include providing >70% of the eye's refractive power. However, for millions, tear film instability produces uncomfortable sight-impairing dry eye. Despite the multitude of etiologies for dry eye, a universal hallmark is hyperosmolarity of the tear film. Presently, knowledge of how the ocular surface responds to hyperosmolarity remains incomplete with little understood about the role of ion channels. This bioelectric analysis focused on conjunctival goblet cells whose release of tear-stabilizing mucin is a key adaptive response to dry eye. In freshly excised rat conjunctiva, perforated-patch recordings demonstrated that a ≥10% rise in osmolarity triggers goblet cells to rapidly generate a ~15-mV hyperpolarization due to the oxidant-dependent activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. High-resolution membrane capacitance measurements used to monitor exocytosis revealed that this hyperpolarization results in an approximately fourfold boost in exocytotic activity evoked by cholinergic input, which in vivo occurs via a neural reflex and depends chiefly on calcium influxing down its electro-gradient. We discovered that this adaptive response is transient. During 30-80 min of hyperosmolarity, development of a depolarizing nonspecific cation conductance fully counterbalances the KATP-driven hyperpolarization and thereby eliminates the exocytotic boost. We conclude that hyperosmotic-induced hyperpolarization is a previously unappreciated mechanism by which goblet cells respond to transient ocular dryness. Loss of this voltage increase during long-term dryness/hyperosmolarity may account for the clinical conundrum that goblet cells in chronically dry eyes can remain filled with mucin even though the tear film is hyperosmotic and mucin-deficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Puro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Grus FH, Augustin AJ, Evangelou NG, Toth-Sagi K. Analysis of Tear-Protein Patterns as a Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Dry Eyes. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 8:90-7. [PMID: 9673477 DOI: 10.1177/112067219800800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the electrophoretic patterns of tear proteins from diabetic (DIDRY) and non-diabetic (DRY) patients with dry-eye disease in comparison with the patterns in healthy subjects (CTRL). The patterns were classified using multivariate statistical methods. Methods A total of 119 eyes were examined in this study (50 DIDRY, 39 DRY, 30 CTRL). The patients were primarily grouped according to the results of the basic secretory test (BST) and subjective symptoms (burning, foreign body sensations, tearing, “dryness” of the eyes). Patients with values ≤ 10/5’ plus subjective symptoms were classified as dry-eye patients. Tear proteins were separated by sodium-dodecyl-sulfate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Digital image analysis was done using the ScanPacK (Biometra, Gottingen, Germany). A data set was created from each electrophoretic pattern. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of discriminance, k-means cluster analysis and with a factor analysis before k-means cluster analysis as a data reduction tool. Results The protein patterns of the three groups were significantly different (Wilks’ lambda: 0.1425; p<0.01): P < 0.05 (CTRL - DRY), P < 0.00005 (CTRL-DIDRY), and P < 0.0005 (DIDRY-DRY). There were more peaks/electrophoretic lane in the DRY and DIDRY groups (P < 0.05) than CTRL. Classification of all samples as DRY and CTRL gave the following results: known patterns 97% correct; unknown patterns 71.4% correct. Classification in DIDRY, DRY or CTRL was 92% correct for known patterns and 43% for unknown patterns. Using k-means cluster analysis, 72% of patients previously classified as “dry-eye” according to the BST value were classified as “dry-eye” based on their electrophoretic data too. Conclusions Analysis of protein patterns and statistical evaluation are suitable for the detection of dry eyes. Tear-protein pattern analysis can provide more information on the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, this new method might be more reliable than the BST value for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F H Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Drouault-Holowacz S, Bieuvelet SÉV, Burckel A, Rigal D, Dubray C, Lichon JL, Bringer P, Pilon F, Chiambaretta F. Antioxidants Intake and Dry Eye Syndrome: A Crossover, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 19:337-42. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210901900302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danièle Rigal
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Opthalmologie, Hôpital Gabriel
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine Clermont-Ferrand
| | | | | | | | - François Pilon
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Opthalmologie, Hôpital Gabriel
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh A, Abd AJ, Al-Mashahedah A, Kanwar JR. Corneal Haze, Refractive Surgery, and Implications for Choroidal Neovascularization. DRUG DELIVERY FOR THE RETINA AND POSTERIOR SEGMENT DISEASE 2018:439-477. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95807-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
35
|
Nezzar H, Mbekeani JN, Noblanc A, Chiambaretta F, Drevet JR, Kocer A. Investigation of antioxidant systems in human meibomian gland and conjunctival tissues. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
36
|
Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. The Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Disease: What We Know and Future Directions for Research. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:S4-S13. [PMID: 29055361 PMCID: PMC5657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory studies performed over the past few decades have discovered that dry eye is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be initiated by numerous extrinsic or intrinsic factors that promote an unstable and hyperosmolar tear film. These changes in tear composition, in some cases combined with systemic factors, lead to an inflammatory cycle that causes ocular surface epithelial disease and neural stimulation. Acute desiccation activates stress signaling pathways in the ocular surface epithelium and resident immune cells. This triggers production of innate inflammatory mediators that stimulate the production of matrix metalloprotease, inflammatory cell recruitment, and dendritic cell maturation. These mediators, combined with exposure of autoantigens, can lead to an adaptive T cell-mediated response. Cornea barrier disruption develops by protease-mediated lysis of epithelial tight junctions, leading to accelerated cell death; desquamation; an irregular, poorly lubricated cornea surface; and exposure and sensitization of epithelial nociceptors. Conjunctival goblet cell dysfunction and death are promoted by the T helper 1 cytokine interferon gamma. These epithelial changes further destabilize the tear film, amplify inflammation, and create a vicious cycle. Cyclosporine and lifitegrast, the 2 US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, inhibit T-cell activation and cytokine production. Although these therapies represent a major advance in dry eye therapy, they are not effective in improving discomfort and corneal epithelial disease in all patients. Preclinical studies have identified other potential therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and strategies to bolster endogenous immunoregulatory pathways. These discoveries will, it is hoped, lead to further advances in diagnostic classification and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo LJ, Lai JY. Epigallocatechin Gallate-Loaded Gelatin-g-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) as a New Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Formulation for Topical Use in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9380. [PMID: 28839279 PMCID: PMC5571197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that biodegradable in situ gelling delivery systems may have potential applications in the design of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations, this study, for the first time, aims to develop gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GN) carriers for topical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). By temperature triggered sol-gel phase transition of copolymers, EGCG-loaded GN was prepared at 32 °C and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and HPLC analyses. Results of WST-1 and live/dead assays showed that GN materials have good compatibility with corneal epithelial cells. Gradual biodegradation of delivery carriers allowed sustained release of EGCG without drug toxicity. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity studies also indicated effective therapeutic drug levels at each time point within 3 days of release. In a rabbit dry eye model, corneal epithelial defects was ameliorated by treatment with single-dose administration of EGCG-containing GN. Furthermore, drug molecules released from carrier materials could prevent further tear evaporation and loss of mucin-secreting goblet cells in diseased animals. Our findings suggest that GN carrier is responsible for enhanced pharmacological efficacy of topically instilled EGCG, thereby demonstrating the benefits of using biodegradable in situ gelling delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of limited dry eye relief associated with eye drop dosage form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jyuan Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK, Bonini S, Gabison EE, Jain S, Knop E, Markoulli M, Ogawa Y, Perez V, Uchino Y, Yokoi N, Zoukhri D, Sullivan DA. TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:438-510. [PMID: 28736340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 944] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bron
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric E Gabison
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild & Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erich Knop
- Departments of Cell and Neurobiology and Ocular Surface Center Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuichi Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jones L, Downie LE, Korb D, Benitez-del-Castillo JM, Dana R, Deng SX, Dong PN, Geerling G, Hida RY, Liu Y, Seo KY, Tauber J, Wakamatsu TH, Xu J, Wolffsohn JS, Craig JP. TFOS DEWS II Management and Therapy Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:575-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Abstract
There is a clear association between dry eye disease (DED) and skin inflammatory diseases occurring in close proximity to the eyelids, such as facial skin rosacea. Intense pulsed light (IPL) is widely accepted as a treatment for skin rosacea. A number of recent studies demonstrated that, in patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), IPL therapy also reduces signs and symptoms of DED. Despite these encouraging results, in the context of DED and MGD, the mechanisms of action of IPL are not well understood. The purpose of this review was to raise the potential mechanisms of action and to discuss their plausibility.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sakai O, Uchida T, Imai H, Ueta T. Glutathione peroxidase 4 plays an important role in oxidative homeostasis and wound repair in corneal epithelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1238-1247. [PMID: 28203523 PMCID: PMC5302057 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathologies of corneal epithelial cells. However, the importance of specific antioxidant enzymes in corneal epithelial cells is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in corneal epithelial cells. For in vitro experiments, an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line was used. Cytotoxicity measured through LDH activity, lipid peroxidation immunostained for 4‐hydroxynonenal, cell viability, and cell death were compared between cells transfected with either GPx4 siRNA or scrambled control siRNA. In addition, the rescue effects of α‐tocopherol and ferrostatin‐1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, were examined in the cells with deficient GPx4 expression. For in vivo experiments, we applied n‐heptanol on the cornea of GPx4+/+ and GPx4+/− mice to create corneal epithelial wound. The epithelial defect area size was measured up to 48 h after epithelial wound creation. Knockdown of GPx4 strongly induced cytotoxicity and cell death in human corneal epithelial cells. Cell death induced by GPx4 knockdown was characterized by positive staining for both annexin V and propidium iodide, nuclear translocation of AIF, and without activation of caspase 3, and was rescued by α‐tocopherol and ferrostatin‐1. The delayed wound healing of GPx4 siRNA‐transfected cells were ameliorated by α‐tocopherol in vitro. In addition, loss of one GPx4 allele was sufficient to significantly delay the healing of experimental corneal epithelial wounds in vivo. Our results suggest that the antioxidant enzyme GPx4 plays an important role in oxidative homeostasis, cell survival, and wound healing in corneal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sakai
- Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Japan; Senju Laboratory Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kobe Japan
| | - Takatoshi Uchida
- Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Japan; Senju Laboratory Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kobe Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kitasato University Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Therapeutic Efficacy of Topically Applied Antioxidant Medicinal Plant Extracts in a Mouse Model of Experimental Dry Eye. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4727415. [PMID: 27313829 PMCID: PMC4899589 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4727415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the therapeutic effects of topical administration of antioxidant medicinal plant extracts in a mouse model of experimental dry eye (EDE). Methods. Eye drops containing balanced salt solution (BSS) or 0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1% extracts were applied for the treatment of EDE. Tear volume, tear film break-up time (BUT), and corneal fluorescein staining scores were measured 10 days after desiccating stress. In addition, we evaluated the levels of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, IL-6, interferon- (IFN-) γ, and IFN-γ associated chemokines, percentage of CD4+C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 positive (CXCR3+) T cells, goblet cell density, number of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) positive cells, and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Results. Compared to the EDE and BSS control groups, the mice treated with topical application of the 0.1% extract showed significant improvements in all clinical parameters, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels, percentage of CD4+CXCR3+ T cells, goblet cell density, number of 4-HNE-positive cells, and extracellular ROS production (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Topical application of 0.1% medicinal plant extracts improved clinical signs, decreased inflammation, and ameliorated oxidative stress marker and ROS production on the ocular surface of the EDE model mice.
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang JY, Yeh PT, Hou YC. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral antioxidant supplement therapy in patients with dry eye syndrome. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:813-20. [PMID: 27274185 PMCID: PMC4869783 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of oral antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study compared the effects of an antioxidant supplement (containing anthocyanosides, astaxanthin, vitamins A, C, and E, and several herbal extracts, including Cassiae semen and Ophiopogonis japonicus) with placebo on patients with DES. We assessed dry eye symptoms, visual acuity, Schirmer’s test, tear film breakup time, cornea and conjunctiva fluorescein staining, serum anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibodies, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tears. The supplementation period was 8 weeks and patients were followed up every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. A linear mixed model was used to compare the groups, while within-group differences were tested by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Forty-three patients, 20 and 23 in treatment and placebo groups, respectively, completed the study. Liver and renal functions were normal. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in the treatment group. There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, dry eye symptoms, serum anti-SSA and anti-SSB, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, or fluorescein corneal staining between the groups. Tear film breakup time scores and Schirmer’s test without topical anesthesia significantly improved in the treatment group. Tear ROS level differed between the groups and decreased after treatment. Overall subjective impression revealed a significant improvement with treatment compared with placebo. Conclusion Oral antioxidant supplementations may increase tear production and improve tear film stability by reducing tear ROS. The vegetable-based antioxidant supplement used in this study is safe and can be utilized as an adjuvant therapy to conventional artificial tear therapy for patients with DES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehn-Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Petrov A, Perekhvatova N, Skulachev M, Stein L, Ousler G. SkQ1 Ophthalmic Solution for Dry Eye Treatment: Results of a Phase 2 Safety and Efficacy Clinical Study in the Environment and During Challenge in the Controlled Adverse Environment Model. Adv Ther 2016; 33:96-115. [PMID: 26733410 PMCID: PMC4735228 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This Phase 2 clinical trial assessed the efficacy and safety of the novel antioxidative, renewable compound SkQ1 for topical treatment of dry eye signs and symptoms. Methods In a single-center, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, 29-day study, 91 subjects with mild to moderate dry eye instilled the study drug twice daily and recorded dry eye symptoms daily. Subjects were randomized 1:1:1 into one of three ophthalmic solution treatment groups: SkQ1 1.55 µg/mL, SkQ1 0.155 µg/mL, or 0.0 µg/mL (placebo). Subjects were exposed to a controlled adverse environment chamber at 3 of the 4 study visits (Day −7, Day 1, and Day 29). Investigator assessments occurred at all study visits. Results SkQ1 was safe and efficacious in treating dry eye signs and symptoms. Statistically significant improvements with SkQ1 compared to placebo occurred for the dry eye signs of corneal fluorescein staining and lissamine green staining in the central region and lid margin redness, and for the dry eye symptoms of ocular discomfort, dryness, and grittiness. In addition, SkQ1 demonstrated greater efficacy compared to placebo, although the differences were not statistically significant, for corneal fluorescein staining in other regions and/or time points (total staining score, central region, corneal sum score, and temporal region), lissamine green staining for the central and nasal regions, and blink rate scores. Conclusions This Phase 2 study indicated that SkQ1 is safe and efficacious for the treatment of dry eye signs and symptoms and supported previous study results. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02121301. Funding Miotech S.A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-015-0274-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
45
|
Choi W, Kim JC, Kim WS, Oh HJ, Yang JM, Lee JB, Yoon KC. Clinical Effect of Antioxidant Glasses Containing Extracts of Medicinal Plants in Patients with Dry Eye Disease: A Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139761. [PMID: 26457673 PMCID: PMC4601690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of wearable antioxidant glasses containing extracts of medicinal plants in patients with mild dry eye disease (DED). Methods Fifty patients with mild DED were randomly assigned to wear either extracts of antioxidant medicinal plants containing (N = 25) or placebo glasses (N = 25). Patients wore the glasses for 15 min three times daily. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear film break up time (BUT), and Schirmer’s test were evaluated and compared within the group and between the groups at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after treatment. Results OSDI score and tear film BUT were significantly improved in the treatment group at 4 and 8 weeks after wearing glasses (all P < 0.001). Compared to the placebo group, the OSDI scores were significantly lower in the treatment group at 8 weeks (P = 0.007). The results of the Schirmer’s test showed significant improvement in the treatment group at 4 weeks (P = 0.035), however there were no significant differences between the other groups or within the groups. No adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusions Antioxidant glasses containing extracts of medicinal plants were effective in improving in DED both subjectively and objectively. Wearing antioxidants glasses might be a safe and adjunctive therapeutic option for DED. Trial Registration ISRCTN registry 71217488
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Chan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail: (KCY); (JBL)
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail: (KCY); (JBL)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oxidative stress to the cornea, changes in corneal optical properties, and advances in treatment of corneal oxidative injuries. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:591530. [PMID: 25861412 PMCID: PMC4377462 DOI: 10.1155/2015/591530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in many ocular diseases and injuries. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of oxidants (oxidative stress) leads to the damage and may be highly involved in ocular aging processes. The anterior eye segment and mainly the cornea are directly exposed to noxae of external environment, such as air pollution, radiation, cigarette smoke, vapors or gases from household cleaning products, chemical burns from splashes of industrial chemicals, and danger from potential oxidative damage evoked by them. Oxidative stress may initiate or develop ocular injury resulting in decreased visual acuity or even vision loss. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases with particular attention to oxidative stress in the cornea and changes in corneal optical properties are discussed. Advances in the treatment of corneal oxidative injuries or diseases are shown.
Collapse
|
47
|
Reina S, Rodríguez M, Stranieri G, Borda E. Action of anti-M₃muscarinic acetylcholine receptor IgG of primary Sjögren's syndrome on the enzymatic antioxidant system in rat submandibular gland. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:876-83. [PMID: 25726719 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We demonstrate that serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against glandular M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M₃mAChR) and pilocarpine triggers the increment of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂). METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed in the presence of the human M₂mAChR synthetic peptide as antigen to detect in serum of pSS patients the autoantibodies. Further, SOD and CAT specific activity and NO were determined chemically in the presence of anti-M₃mAChR IgG and pilocarpine. The level of PGE₂generation in the presence of autoantibody and pilocarpine was determined by ELISA. RESULTS An association between anti-M₂mAChR autoantibodies and pilocarpine given the increment of the specific activity of SOD and CAT in the serum of pSS patients and in the rat submandibular gland was observed. As a result of this action, M₃synthetic peptide and atropine abrogated the stimulatory action. The L-type calcium channel, calcium/calmodulin complex and COX-2 inhibitors selectively blocked the increment of the specific activity of SOD and CAT in the rat submandibular gland. An increased production of NO and PGE₂by the cholinergic autoantibody and pilocarpine was also detected. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, the increment of the specific activity of SOD and CAT in pSS patients as compared to control healthy individuals may be seen as a defensive reaction to the increment of the amount of ROS, which becoming uncontrollable, leads to irreversible cellular and tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Stranieri
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enri Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng Q, Ren Y, Reinach PS, Xiao B, Lu H, Zhu Y, Qu J, Chen W. Reactive oxygen species activated NLRP3 inflammasomes initiate inflammation in hyperosmolarity stressed human corneal epithelial cells and environment-induced dry eye patients. Exp Eye Res 2015; 134:133-40. [PMID: 25701684 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In studies on dry eye (DE) disease, an association has been identified between tear film hyperosmolarity and inflammation severity elicited through receptor-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release. These immune reactions might be mediated by inflammasomes, macromolecular complexes mounted around the NLRP3 protein and can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-generation. Hence in this study we determine whether: a) ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasomes mediate hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs); b) the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axis activation is associated with environment-induced DE. Immortalized HCECs were exposed to 500 mOsm medium in the presence and absence of a ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). HCECs transfected with NLRP3 siRNA or a negative control (NC) siRNA. Intracellular ROS was measured by fluorometric analysis using the probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Real-time PCR evaluated NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β mRNA levels. Western blot analysis assessed NLRP3 protein expression whereas caspase-1 activity was determined with a fluorometric assay. Bioactive IL-1β release was assessed by ELISA. ROS production, NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-IL-1β gene expression as well as IL-1β secretion were also evaluated in the conjunctival epithelial cells and tear fluid samples of environment-induced DE patients and normal subjects. NAC suppressed hyperosmolarity-induced rises in ROS levels, NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation, caspase-1 activity and IL-1β release. On the other hand, NLRP3 siRNA knockdown inhibited hyperosmotic stress-induced NLRP3 activation, which led to ASC, pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β mRNA down-regulation followed by suppression of associated caspase-1 activity and IL-1β secretion. In addition, in ocular surface samples of environment-induced DE patients, ROS generation, NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β gene expression as well as IL-1β secretion were upregulated. Taken together, NLRP3 mediated innate immune responses triggered by rises in ROS generation induce inflammation in hyperosmotic stressed HCECs. ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway might play a priming role in environment-induced DE development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinxiang Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yueping Ren
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huihui Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yirui Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zheng Q, Ren Y, Reinach PS, She Y, Xiao B, Hua S, Qu J, Chen W. Reactive oxygen species activated NLRP3 inflammasomes prime environment-induced murine dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2014; 125:1-8. [PMID: 24836981 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tear film hyperosmolarity along with exposure to oxidant stress are factors that can induce chronic ocular surface inflammation and pain. However, there is limited information on how increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidant exposure can induce inflammation. There is emerging evidence in other tissues that innate immune responses to a variety of environmental stresses stem from ROS-induced cytosolic NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Once this occurs, pro-caspase-1 is converted into its catalytic active form, which in turn cleaves pro-IL-1β thereby generating its bioactive form. We determined the role of ROS generation in mediating increases in IL-1β secretion through caspase-1 activation caused by NLRP3 inflammasome activation in an environment-induced murine dry eye (DE) model. An intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES) induced evaporative DE in female 4-6 week old C57BL/6J mice. Increases in ROS production preceded rises in corneal and conjunctival gene expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and IL-1β that were identified using real-time PCR. Confocal microscopy evaluated concomitant increases in NLPR3, caspase-1 and IL-1β immunostaining. Increases in caspase-1 activity were used as an indicator of inflammasome activation. Rises in ROS generation occurred after 1 week of ICES exposure, which preceded increases in gene expression of three NLRP3 inflammasome components (i.e. NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1) leading to rises in bioactive IL-1β release. Increases in caspase-1 activity occurred after 2 weeks of ICES exposure. Eyedrops containing 0.3% N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) were applied to quench ROS generation by mice kept in the ICES for 2 weeks. This scavenger reduced corneal fluorescein staining and decreased ROS production. NAC also down-regulated both increases in NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β mRNA levels, along with their immunostaining. It robustly attenuated rises in inflammasome mediated increases in caspase-1 catalytic activity. We show in a dessicating DE disease murine model that rises in ROS generation trigger NLRP3 inflammasome complexation and activation leading to increases in bioactive IL-1β secretion. These results prompt us to suggest that the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway might play a priming role in environment-induced DE progression. Finally, our findings provide a basis for developing novel strategies that may improve the management of patients requiring treatment for environment-induced dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinxiang Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yueping Ren
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Optometry, State University of New York, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Yujing She
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shanshan Hua
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li Z, Choi JH, Oh HJ, Park SH, Lee JB, Yoon KC. Effects of eye drops containing a mixture of omega-3 essential fatty acids and hyaluronic acid on the ocular surface in desiccating stress-induced murine dry eye. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:871-8. [PMID: 24559509 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.884595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of the topical application of omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) mixtures in a mouse model of experimental dry eye (EDE). METHODS Eye drops consisting of 0.1% HA, 0.02%, or 0.2% omega-3 EFAs alone and mixture of 0.02%, or 0.2% omega-3 EFAs and 0.1% HA were applied in desiccating stress-induced murine dry eye. Corneal irregularity scores and fluorescein staining scores were measured 5 and 10 days after treatment. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, -17, and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 were measured in the conjunctiva at 10 days using a multiplex immunobead assay. The concentrations of hexanoyl-lys (HEL) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in conjunctiva tissue were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Mice treated with the mixture containing 0.2% omega-3 EFAs showed a significant improvement in corneal irregularity scores and corneal fluorescein staining scores compared with EDE, HA, 0.02% or 0.2% omega-3 EFAs alone, and 0.02% omega-3 EFAs mixture-treated mice. A significant decrease in the levels of IL-1β, -17, and IP-10 were observed in the 0.2% EFAs mixture-treated group, compared with the other groups. In the mice treated with the mixture containing 0.2% omega-3 EFAs, the concentration of 4-HNE was also lower than the other groups. Although 0.2% omega-3 EFAs alone group also had a significant improvement in corneal irregularity scores and IL-17, IL-10, and 4 HNE levels compared with the other groups, the efficacy was lower than 0.2% omega-3 mixture group. CONCLUSIONS Topically applied eye drops containing a mixture of omega-3 EFAs and HA could improve corneal irregularity and corneal epithelial barrier disruption, and decrease inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers on the ocular surface. Topical omega-3 EFAs and HA mixture may have a greater therapeutic effect on clinical signs and inflammation of dry eye compared with HA artificial tears.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengri Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju , Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|