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Yan H, Li J, Meng J, Li J, Kumar Jha A, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Wang X. Effects of reflux ratio on the anaerobic sludge and microbial social behaviors in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor: From the perspective of acyl-homoserine lactones-mediated quorum sensing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125360. [PMID: 34116282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Performance of anaerobic sludge and microbial social behaviors in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) were evaluated by increasing reflux ratio from 50% to 500% stage by stage, with a constant influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 5500 mg/L at hydraulic retention time 12 h. The results indicated that the reflux ratio of 100% - 200% was more favorable for the EGSB with a methane production of 2.4 m3/m3·d. It was found that acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) could balance various microbial populations in the anaerobic digestion process. C4-HSL and C8-HSL were identified as the specific AHLs in enhancing granulation of anaerobic sludge by stimulating protein secretion into extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). 3-oxo-C6-HSL and 3-oxo-C14-HSL were verified for the enhancement of methanogenesis. The present study showed a novel perspective on the performance of EGSB with reflux ratios based on the AHLs-mediated QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jiuling Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Avinash Kumar Jha
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yiyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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2
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Hirakata Y, Hatamoto M, Oshiki M, Watari T, Araki N, Yamaguchi T. Food selectivity of anaerobic protists and direct evidence for methane production using carbon from prey bacteria by endosymbiotic methanogen. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1873-1885. [PMID: 32341474 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic protists are major predators of prokaryotes in anaerobic ecosystems. However, little is known about the predation behavior of anaerobic protists because almost none have been cultured. In particular, these characteristics of anaerobic protists in the phyla Metamonada and Cercozoa have not been reported previously. In this study, we isolated three anaerobic protists, Cyclidium sp., Trichomitus sp., and Paracercomonas sp., from anaerobic granular sludge in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor used to treat domestic sewage. Ingestion and digestion of food bacteria by anaerobic protists with or without endosymbiotic methanogens were demonstrated using tracer experiments with green fluorescent protein and a stable carbon isotope. These tracer experiments also demonstrated that Cyclidium sp. supplied CO2 and hydrogen to endosymbiotic methanogens. While Cyclidium sp. and Trichomitus sp. ingested both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, Paracercomonas sp. could only take up Gram-negative bacteria. Archaeal cells such as Methanobacterium beijingense and Methanospirillum hungatei did not support the growth of these protists. Metabolite patterns of all three protists differed and were influenced by food bacterial species. These reported growth rates, ingestion rates, food selectivity, and metabolite patterns provide important insights into the ecological roles of these protists in anaerobic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuga Hirakata
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagaoka College, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagaoka College, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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3
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Open microbiome dominated by Clostridium and Eubacterium converts methanol into i-butyrate and n-butyrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5119-5131. [PMID: 32248436 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isobutyrate (i-butyrate) is a versatile platform chemical, whose acid form is used as a precursor of plastic and emulsifier. It can be produced microbially either using genetically engineered organisms or via microbiomes, in the latter case starting from methanol and short-chain carboxylates. This opens the opportunity to produce i-butyrate from non-sterile feedstocks. Little is known on the ecology and process conditions leading to i-butyrate production. In this study, we steered i-butyrate production in a bioreactor fed with methanol and acetate under various conditions, achieving maximum i-butyrate productivity of 5.0 mM day-1, with a concurrent production of n-butyrate of 7.9 mM day-1. The production of i-butyrate was reversibly inhibited by methanogenic inhibitor 2-bromoethanesulfonate. The microbial community data revealed the co-dominance of two major OTUs during co-production of i-butyrate and n-butyrate in two distinctive phases throughout a period of 54 days and 28 days, respectively. The cross-comparison of product profile with microbial community composition suggests that the relative abundance of Clostridium sp. over Eubacterium sp. is correlated with i-butyrate productivity over n-butyrate productivity.
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4
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Ramos LR, de Menezes CA, Soares LA, Sakamoto IK, Varesche MBA, Silva EL. Controlling methane and hydrogen production from cheese whey in an EGSB reactor by changing the HRT. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:673-684. [PMID: 31834467 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT; 8 h-0.25 h) on simultaneous hydrogen and methane production from cheese whey (5000 mg carbohydrates/L) in a mesophilic (30 °C) expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. Methane production was observed at HRTs from 4 to 0.25 h. The maximum methane yield (9.8 ± 1.9 mL CH4/g CODap, reported as milliliter CH4 per gram of COD applied) and methane production rate (461 ± 75 mL CH4/day Lreactor) occurred at HRTs of 4 h and 2 h, respectively. Hydrogen production increased as methane production decreased with decreasing HRT from 8 to 0.25 h. The maximum hydrogen yield of 3.2 ± 0.3 mL H2/g CODap (reported as mL H2 per gram of COD applied) and hydrogen production rate of 1951 ± 171 mL H2/day Lreactor were observed at the HRT of 0.25 h. The decrease in HRT from 8 to 0.25 h caused larger changes in the bacterial populations than the archaea populations. With the decrease in HRT (6 h-0.25 h), the Shannon diversity index decreased (3.02-2.87) for bacteria and increased (1.49-1.83) for archaea. The bacterial dominance increased (0.059-0.066) as the archaea dominance decreased (0.292-0.201) with the HRT decrease from 6 to 0.25 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodrigues Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos/SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila Aparecida de Menezes
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo. Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos/SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Laís Américo Soares
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo. Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos/SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo. Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos/SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo. Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, São Carlos/SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos/SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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5
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Sumikawa K, Kosaka T, Mayahara N, Matsutani M, Udo K, Yamada M. An Aggregation-defective Mutant of Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2 Reveals Unique Protein-dependent Aggregation. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:244-251. [PMID: 31189768 PMCID: PMC6759345 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogen, Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2, which possesses an extracellular sugar layer, commonly aggregates by itself or with other microorganisms. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for this aggregation, the aggregation-defective mutant, CLA160, was isolated. Optical and electron microscopy observations revealed that the mutant exhibited a significant reduction in aggregation. Genomic sequencing showed that CLA160 has a single point mutation, causing a nonsense mutation in MTCT_1020, which encodes a hypothetical protein. Motif and domain analyses indicated that the hypothetical protein bears two membrane-spanning segments at the N- and C-terminal regions and a large middle repeat-containing region. The results of a bioinformatic analysis suggested that the first middle region (RII) of the protein or the whole structure is responsible for the function of the product of MTCT_1020 in the aggregation of CaT2. A treatment with proteinase K suppressed sedimentation in CaT2, indicating a reduction in aggregation, with almost no effect on sedimentation in CLA160. The addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions enhanced sedimentation in CaT2, whereas a DNase treatment had no effect on sedimentation in either strain. These results suggest that the hypothetical protein encoded by MTCT_1020 plays a key role as a membrane-bound adhesion protein in the aggregation of CaT2, which is enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sumikawa
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University
| | - Noriaki Mayahara
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Koichi Udo
- Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University.,Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University
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6
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Cai W, Liu W, Zhang Z, Feng K, Ren G, Pu C, Li J, Deng Y, Wang A. Electro-driven methanogenic microbial community diversity and variability in the electron abundant niche. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:178-186. [PMID: 30669050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The underlying dynamics of microbial (bacteria and archaea) communities ecologically responding to an applied potential are critical to achieving the goal of enhancing bioenergy recovery but are not sufficiently understood. We built a MEC-AD mode that increased methane production rate by several times (max. 3.8 times) during the startup period compared to control AD, changed the absence or presence of external voltage to provide the pre-, dur-, and post- samples for microbial analysis. From a time and spatially dependent community analysis of electrode-respiring bacteria and methanogens, the corresponding Geobacter developed under the influence of external voltage, pairing with methanogens in the anodic and cathodic biofilm to generate methane. Additionally, at the cathode, the Alkaliphilus (basophilic bacteria) also correspondingly shifted alongside the change of external voltage. The mcrA sequencing confirmed a change in the dominant microbe from acetoclastic (mostly Methanosarcina mazei LYC) to hydrogenotrophic methanogens (mostly basophilic Methanobacterium alcaliphilum) at the cathode with 0.8 V voltage. Overall, the external voltage not only enriched the functional microbes including electrogens and methanogens but also indirectly shifted the composition of the bacterial and archaeal community via disturbing the pH condition. The predictive functional profiling indicated that the cathodic methanogenesis principally followed the metabolism pathway of the hydrogenotrophic methanogens, suggesting the F420 co-enzyme could be the key mediate for electron transfer. All data suggested that the electric stimulation would change and maintain the micro-environmental conditions to shift the bacterial/archaeal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ge Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuanliang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China
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7
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Effect of endogenous hydrogen utilization on improved methane production in an integrated microbial electrolysis cell and anaerobic digestion: Employing catalyzed stainless steel mesh cathode. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Rout SP, Charles CJ, Doulgeris C, McCarthy AJ, Rooks DJ, Loughnane JP, Laws AP, Humphreys PN. Anoxic Biodegradation of Isosaccharinic Acids at Alkaline pH by Natural Microbial Communities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137682. [PMID: 26367005 PMCID: PMC4569480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One design concept for the long-term management of the UK's intermediate level radioactive wastes (ILW) is disposal to a cementitious geological disposal facility (GDF). Under the alkaline (10.0<pH>13.0) anoxic conditions expected within a GDF, cellulosic wastes will undergo chemical hydrolysis. The resulting cellulose degradation products (CDP) are dominated by α- and β-isosaccharinic acids (ISA), which present an organic carbon source that may enable subsequent microbial colonisation of a GDF. Microcosms established from neutral, near-surface sediments demonstrated complete ISA degradation under methanogenic conditions up to pH 10.0. Degradation decreased as pH increased, with β-ISA fermentation more heavily influenced than α-ISA. This reduction in degradation rate was accompanied by a shift in microbial population away from organisms related to Clostridium sporosphaeroides to a more diverse Clostridial community. The increase in pH to 10.0 saw an increase in detection of Alcaligenes aquatilis and a dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens within the Archaeal population. Methane was generated up to pH 10.0 with acetate accumulation at higher pH values reflecting a reduced detection of acetoclastic methanogens. An increase in pH to 11.0 resulted in the accumulation of ISA, the absence of methanogenesis and the loss of biomass from the system. This study is the first to demonstrate methanogenesis from ISA by near surface microbial communities not previously exposed to these compounds up to and including pH 10.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Rout
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | | | - Alan J. McCarthy
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dave J. Rooks
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. Paul Loughnane
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew P. Laws
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Paul N. Humphreys
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
- * E-mail:
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9
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Charles CJ, Rout SP, Garratt EJ, Patel K, Laws AP, Humphreys PN. The enrichment of an alkaliphilic biofilm consortia capable of the anaerobic degradation of isosaccharinic acid from cellulosic materials incubated within an anthropogenic, hyperalkaline environment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015. [PMID: 26195600 PMCID: PMC4629871 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic hyperalkaline sites provide an environment that is analogous to proposed cementitious geological disposal facilities (GDF) for radioactive waste. Under anoxic, alkaline conditions cellulosic wastes will hydrolyze to a range of cellulose degradation products (CDP) dominated by isosaccharinic acids (ISA). In order to investigate the potential for microbial activity in a cementitious GDF, cellulose samples were incubated in the alkaline (∼pH 12), anaerobic zone of a lime kiln waste site. Following retrieval, these samples had undergone partial alkaline hydrolysis and were colonized by a Clostridia-dominated biofilm community, where hydrogenotrophic, alkaliphilic methanogens were also present. When these samples were used to establish an alkaline CDP fed microcosm, the community shifted away from Clostridia, methanogens became undetectable and a flocculate community dominated by Alishewanella sp. established. These flocs were composed of bacteria embedded in polysaccharides and proteins stabilized by extracellular DNA. This community was able to degrade all forms of ISA with >60% of the carbon flow being channelled into extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production. This study demonstrated that alkaliphilic microbial communities can degrade the CDP associated with some radioactive waste disposal concepts at pH 11. These communities divert significant amounts of degradable carbon to EPS formation, suggesting that EPS has a central role in the protection of these communities from hyperalkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Charles
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - S P Rout
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - E J Garratt
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - K Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - A P Laws
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - P N Humphreys
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
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10
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Jiang S, Park S, Yoon Y, Lee JH, Wu WM, Phuoc Dan N, Sadowsky MJ, Hur HG. Methanogenesis facilitated by geobiochemical iron cycle in a novel syntrophic methanogenic microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10078-10084. [PMID: 23919295 DOI: 10.1021/es402412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Production and emission of methane have been increasing concerns due to its significant effect on global climate change and the carbon cycle. Here we report facilitated methane production from acetate by a novel community of methanogens and acetate oxidizing bacteria in the presence of poorly crystalline akaganeite slurry. Comparative analyses showed that methanogenesis was significantly enhanced by added akaganeite and acetate was mostly stoichiometrically converted to methane. Electrons produced from anaerobic acetate oxidation are transferred to akaganeite nanorods that likely prompt the transformation into goethite nanofibers through a series of biogeochemical processes of soluble Fe(II) readsorption and Fe(III) reprecipitation. The methanogenic archaea likely harness the biotransformation of akaganeite to goethite by the Fe(III)-Fe(II) cycle to facilitate production of methane. These results provide new insights into biogeochemistry of iron minerals and methanogenesis in the environment, as well as the development of sustainable methods for microbial methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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11
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Tang G, Wu WM, Watson DB, Parker JC, Schadt CW, Shi X, Brooks SC. U(VI) bioreduction with emulsified vegetable oil as the electron donor--microcosm tests and model development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3209-3217. [PMID: 23397992 DOI: 10.1021/es304641b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We conducted microcosm tests and biogeochemical modeling to study U(VI) reduction in contaminated sediments amended with emulsified vegetable oil (EVO). Indigenous microorganisms in the sediments degraded EVO and stimulated Fe(III), U(VI), and sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis. Acetate concentration peaked in 100-120 days in the EVO microcosms versus 10-20 days in the oleate microcosms, suggesting that triglyceride hydrolysis was a rate-limiting step in EVO degradation and subsequent reactions. Acetate persisted 50 days longer in oleate- and EVO- than in ethanol-amended microcosms, indicating that acetate-utilizing methanogenesis was slower in the oleate and EVO than ethanol microcosms. We developed a comprehensive biogeochemical model to couple EVO hydrolysis, production, and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), glycerol, acetate, and hydrogen, reduction of Fe(III), U(VI) and sulfate, and methanogenesis with growth and decay of multiple functional microbial groups. By estimating EVO, LCFA, and glycerol degradation rate coefficients, and introducing a 100 day lag time for acetoclastic methanogenesis for oleate and EVO microcosms, the model approximately matched observed sulfate, U(VI), and acetate concentrations. Our results confirmed that EVO could stimulate U(VI) bioreduction in sediments and the slow EVO hydrolysis and acetate-utilizing methanogens growth could contribute to longer term bioreduction than simple substrates (e.g., ethanol, acetate, etc.) in the subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Tang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS-6038, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6038, United States.
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12
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Zhong W, Chi L, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wu WM. Enhanced methane production from Taihu Lake blue algae by anaerobic co-digestion with corn straw in continuous feed digesters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:264-70. [PMID: 23506978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of Taihu blue algae was tested in laboratory scale, continuous feed digesters (hydraulic retention time 10 days) at 35°C and various organic loading rates (OLR). The methane production and biomass digestion performed well at OLR below 4.00 gVSL(-1)d(-1) but deteriorated as OLR increased due to the increased ammonia concentration, causing inhibition mainly to acetate and propionate degradation. Supplementing corn straw as co-feedstock significantly improved the digestion performance. The optimal C/N ratio for the co-digestion was 20:1 at OLR of 6.00 gVSL(-1) d(-1). Methane yield of 234 mL CH4 gVS(-1) and methane productivity of 1404 mL CH4 L(-1) d(-1) were achieved with solid removal of 63%. Compared with the algae alone, the methane productivity was increased by 46% with less accumulation of ammonia and fatty acids. The reactor rate-limiting step was acetate and propionate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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13
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Interspecies distances between propionic acid degraders and methanogens in syntrophic consortia for optimal hydrogen transfer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:9193-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Jiang N, Wang Y, Dong X. Methanol as the primary methanogenic and acetogenic precursor in the cold Zoige wetland at Tibetan plateau. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2010; 60:206-213. [PMID: 19851805 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that methanol and acetate were the likely methanogenic precursors in the cold Zoige wetland. In this study, the contribution of the two substances to methanogenesis and the conversion in Zoige wetland were analyzed. It was determined that methanol supported the highest CH(4) formation rate in the enrichments of the soil grown with Eleocharis valleculosa, and even higher at 15 degrees C than at 30 degrees C; while hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was higher at 30 degrees C. Both methanol- and acetate-using methanogens were counted at the highest (10(7) g(-1)) in the soil, whereas methanol-using acetogens (10(8) g(-1)) were ten times more abundant than either methanol- or acetate-using methanogens. Both methanol and acetate were detected in the methanogenesis-inhibited soil samples, so that both could be the primary methanogenic precursors in E. valleculosa soil. However, the levels of methanol and acetate accumulated in 2-bromoethane-sulfonate (BES)- and CHCl(3)-treated soils were in reverse, i.e., higher methanol in CHCl(3)- and higher acetate in BES-treated soil, so that methanol-derived methanogenesis could be underestimated due to the consumption by acetogens. Analysis of the soil 16S rRNA genes revealed Acetobacterum bakii and Trichococcus pasteurii to be the dominant methanol-using acetogens in the soil, and a strain of T. pasteurii was isolated, which showed the high conversion of methanol to acetate at 15 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Thompson LJ, Gray VM, Kalala B, Lindsay D, Reynolds K, von Holy A. Biohydrogen production by Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii in carrier induced granules. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 30:271-4. [PMID: 17876534 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Carrier induced granular particles comprising Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii were used to generate H(2) from sucrose in an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor. At a hydraulic retention time of 4.5 h, 95.8% of the sucrose was consumed and the rate of H(2) production reached 180 mmol H(2) l h(-1). Biogas composition for H(2) and CO(2) was 42 and 55%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Jed Thompson
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
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16
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Garcia JL, Patel BK, Ollivier B. Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of methanogenic Archaea. Anaerobe 2007; 6:205-26. [PMID: 16887666 DOI: 10.1006/anae.2000.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Garcia
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Université de Provence, ESIL case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 9, France
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17
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Sousa DZ, Pereira MA, Stams AJM, Alves MM, Smidt H. Microbial communities involved in anaerobic degradation of unsaturated or saturated long-chain fatty acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:1054-64. [PMID: 17158619 PMCID: PMC1828646 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01723-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic long-chain fatty acid (LCFA)-degrading bacteria were identified by combining selective enrichment studies with molecular approaches. Two distinct enrichment cultures growing on unsaturated and saturated LCFAs were obtained by successive transfers in medium containing oleate and palmitate, respectively, as the sole carbon and energy sources. Changes in the microbial composition during enrichment were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. Prominent DGGE bands of the enrichment cultures were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A significant part of the retrieved 16S rRNA gene sequences was most similar to those of uncultured bacteria. Bacteria corresponding to predominant DGGE bands in oleate and palmitate enrichment cultures clustered with fatty acid-oxidizing bacteria within Syntrophomonadaceae and Syntrophobacteraceae families. A low methane yield, corresponding to 9 to 18% of the theoretical value, was observed in the oleate enrichment, and acetate, produced according to the expected stoichiometry, was not further converted to methane. In the palmitate enrichment culture, the acetate produced was completely mineralized and a methane yield of 48 to 70% was achieved from palmitate degradation. Furthermore, the oleate enrichment culture was able to use palmitate without detectable changes in the DGGE profile. However, the palmitate-specialized consortia degraded oleate only after a lag phase of 3 months, after which the DGGE profile had changed. Two predominant bands appeared, and sequence analysis showed affiliation with the Syntrophomonas genus. These bands were also present in the oleate enrichment culture, suggesting that these bacteria are directly involved in oleate degradation, emphasizing possible differences between the degradation of unsaturated and saturated LCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Z Sousa
- Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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18
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Sekiguchi Y, Imachi H, Susilorukmi A, Muramatsu M, Ohashi A, Harada H, Hanada S, Kamagata Y. Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, syntrophic alcohol- and lactate-degrading bacterium isolated from thermophilic digested sludges. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:1621-1629. [PMID: 16825639 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, syntrophic primary alcohol- and lactate-degrading microbes, designated strains JLT, JE and OL, were isolated from sludges of thermophilic (55 °C) digesters that decomposed either municipal solid wastes or sewage sludge. The strains were strictly anaerobic organisms. All three strains grew at 25–60 °C and pH 5.5–8.5 and optimum growth was observed at 45–50 °C and pH 6.0–7.0. The three organisms grew chemo-organotrophically on a number of carbohydrates in the presence of yeast extract. In co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, all strains could utilize ethanol, glycerol and lactate syntrophically for growth, although these compounds were not metabolized in pure culture without additional external electron acceptors. All strains could reduce thiosulphate. Quinones were not detected. The DNA G+C contents of strains JLT, JE and OL were 38.0, 37.3 and 37.7 mol%, respectively. Major cellular fatty acids of the strains were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and unsaturated species of C15 : 1. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belong to a deeply branched lineage of the phylum Firmicutes; the most closely related species was Thermovenabulum ferriorganovorum (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 88 %). The three strains were phylogenetically very closely related to each other (99–100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and were physiologically and chemotaxonomically similar. These genetic and phenotypic properties suggest that the strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species and genus; the name Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus is strain JLT (=JCM 12098T=NBRC 100060T=DSM 15584T).
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MESH Headings
- Alcohols/metabolism
- Anaerobiosis
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/physiology
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Base Composition
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fatty Acids/chemistry
- Genes, rRNA
- Hot Temperature
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Phylogeny
- Quinones/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Sewage/microbiology
- Temperature
- Thiosulfates/metabolism
- Waste Disposal, Fluid
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sekiguchi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
- Institute of Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imachi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Ambar Susilorukmi
- Division of Industrial and Environmental Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kompleks LIPI, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Mizuho Muramatsu
- Institute of Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Institute of Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
- Institute of Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Chouari R, Le Paslier D, Daegelen P, Ginestet P, Weissenbach J, Sghir A. Novel predominant archaeal and bacterial groups revealed by molecular analysis of an anaerobic sludge digester. Environ Microbiol 2005; 7:1104-15. [PMID: 16011748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic approach was used to study prokaryotic diversity in an anaerobic sludge digester. Two 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed using total genomic DNA, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for archaeal or bacterial domains. Phylogenetic analysis of 246 and 579 almost full-length 16S rRNA genes for Archaea and Bacteria, respectively, was performed using the ARB software package. Phylogenetic groups affiliated with the Archaea belong to Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Interestingly, we detected a novel monophyletic group of 164 clones representing 66.6% of the archaeal library. Culture enrichment and probe hybridization show that this group grows better under formate or H2-CO2. Within the bacterial library 95.6% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) represent novel putative phylotypes never described before, and affiliated with eight divisions. The Bacteroidetes phylum is the most abundant and diversified phylogenetic group representing 38.8% of the OTUs, followed by the gram-positives (27.7%) and the Proteobacteria (21.3%). Sequences affiliated with phylogenetic divisions represented by few cultivated representatives such as the Chloroflexi, Synergistes, Thermotogales or candidate divisions such as OP9 and OP8 are represented by <5% of the total OTUs. A comprehensive set of 15 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide hybridization probes was used to quantify these major groups by dot blot hybridization within 12 digester samples. In contrast to the clone library, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria together accounted for 21.8 +/- 14.9% representing the most abundant phyla. They were surprisingly followed by the Chloroflexi representing 20.2 +/- 4.6% of the total 16S rRNA. The Proteobacteria and the Bacteroidetes group accounted for 14.4 +/- 4.9% and 14.5 +/- 4.3%, respectively, WWE1, a novel lineage, accounted for 11.9 +/- 3.1% while Planctomycetes and Synergistes represented <2% each. Using the novel set of probes we extended the coverage of bacterial populations from 52% to 85.3% of the total rRNA within the digester samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakia Chouari
- CNRS-UMR 8030, Genoscope and Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
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20
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de Bok FAM, Harmsen HJM, Plugge CM, de Vries MC, Akkermans ADL, de Vos WM, Stams AJM. The first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with Methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus Pelotomaculum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1697-1703. [PMID: 16014504 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov. strain HHT, was isolated as a co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1T from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. The bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1T or Methanobacterium formicicum MFNT, but not in co-culture with Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ. The organism could not be cultured axenically with any of the substrates tested and therefore can be considered as a (the first) true anaerobic syntrophic bacterium. The bacterium contained two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, with 96·8 % sequence similarity, which were both expressed during syntrophic growth on propionate as revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The most closely related organisms are Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus LR7.2T, a bacterium that transforms phenol into benzoate, and Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SIT, a thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium. Other related species belong to the Gram-positive, sulfate-reducing genus Desulfotomaculum. The type strain of Pelotomaculum schinkii is strain HHT (=ATCC BAA-615T=DSM 15200T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A M de Bok
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon D L Akkermans
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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de Bok FAM, Plugge CM, Stams AJM. Interspecies electron transfer in methanogenic propionate degrading consortia. WATER RESEARCH 2004; 38:1368-75. [PMID: 15016514 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Propionate is a key intermediate in the conversion of complex organic matter under methanogenic conditions. Oxidation of this compound requires obligate syntrophic consortia of acetogenic proton- and bicarbonate reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Although H(2) acts as an electron-carrier in these consortia, evidence accumulates that formate plays an even more important role. To make energy yield from propionate oxidation energetically feasible for the bacteria and archaea involved, the concentrations of H(2) and formate have to be extremely low. On the other hand, the diffusion distance of these carriers has to be small to allow high propionate conversion rates. Accordingly, the high conversion rates observed in methanogenic bioreactors are due to the fact that the propionate-oxidizing bacteria and their methanogenic partners form micro-colonies within the densely packed granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A M de Bok
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, Wageningen 6703 CT, The Netherlands.
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22
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Hofman-Bang J, Zheng D, Westermann P, Ahring BK, Raskin L. Molecular ecology of anaerobic reactor systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 81:151-203. [PMID: 12747563 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45839-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic reactor systems are essential for the treatment of solid and liquid wastes and constitute a core facility in many waste treatment plants. Although much is known about the basic metabolism in different types of anaerobic reactors, little is known about the microbes responsible for these processes. Only a few percent of Bacteria and Archaea have so far been isolated, and almost nothing is known about the dynamics and interactions between these and other microorganisms. This lack of knowledge is most clearly exemplified by the sometimes unpredictable and unexplainable failures and malfunctions of anaerobic digesters occasionally experienced, leading to sub-optimal methane production and wastewater treatment. Using a variety of molecular techniques, we are able to determine which microorganisms are active, where they are active, and when they are active, but we still need to determine why and what they are doing. As genetic manipulations of anaerobes have been shown in only a few species permitting in-situ gene expression studies, the only way to elucidate the function of different microbes is to correlate the metabolic capabilities of isolated microbes in pure culture to the abundance of each microbe in anaerobic reactor systems by rRNA probing. This chapter focuses on various molecular techniques employed and problems encountered when elucidating the microbial ecology of anaerobic reactor systems. Methods such as quantitative dot blot/fluorescence in-situ probing using various specific nucleic acid probes are discussed and exemplified by studies of anaerobic granular sludge, biofilm and digester systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hofman-Bang
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biocentrum DTU, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 227, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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23
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Stams AJM, Oude Elferink SJWH, Westermann P. Metabolic interactions between methanogenic consortia and anaerobic respiring bacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 81:31-56. [PMID: 12747560 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45839-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Most types of anaerobic respiration are able to outcompete methanogenic consortia for common substrates if the respective electron acceptors are present in sufficient amounts. Furthermore, several products or intermediate compounds formed by anaerobic respiring bacteria are toxic to methanogenic consortia. Despite the potentially adverse effects, only few inorganic electron acceptors potentially utilizable for anaerobic respiration have been investigated with respect to negative interactions in anaerobic digesters. In this chapter we review competitive and inhibitory interactions between anaerobic respiring populations and methanogenic consortia in bioreactors. Due to the few studies in anaerobic digesters, many of our discussions are based upon studies of defined cultures or natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Stams
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Microbiology, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Markx GH, Alp B, McGilchrist A. Electro-orientation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe in high conductivity media. J Microbiol Methods 2002; 50:55-62. [PMID: 11943358 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(02)00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The orientation of microbial cells may be important in cell-cell interactions within microbial consortia. As part of our research programme aimed at the construction of Artificial Structured Microbial Consortia (ASMC), we have investigated the electro-orientation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe in AC electric fields, and studied the effects of the applied frequency, voltage, and distance between the electrodes, at different medium conductivities. It is shown that the electro-orientation of S. pombe in media with conductivities similar to that of growth media is feasible using microelectrodes. Oriented growth of S. pombe can be obtained when continuously exposed to AC electric fields in growth medium over extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard H Markx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UMIST, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK.
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26
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Warner KA, Gilmour CC, Capone DG. Reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol and related microbial processes under limiting and non-limiting sulfate concentration in anaerobic mid-Chesapeake Bay sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2002; 40:159-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Wu WM, Jain MK, Hickey RF, Zeikus JG. Perturbation of syntrophic isobutyrate and butyrate degradation with formate and hydrogen. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 52:404-11. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19961105)52:3<404::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Santegoeds CM, Damgaard LR, Hesselink G, Zopfi J, Lens P, Muyzer G, de Beer D. Distribution of sulfate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic aggregates determined by microsensor and molecular analyses. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:4618-29. [PMID: 10508098 PMCID: PMC91616 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.10.4618-4629.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/1999] [Accepted: 06/16/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular techniques and microsensors for H(2)S and CH(4), we studied the population structure of and the activity distribution in anaerobic aggregates. The aggregates originated from three different types of reactors: a methanogenic reactor, a methanogenic-sulfidogenic reactor, and a sulfidogenic reactor. Microsensor measurements in methanogenic-sulfidogenic aggregates revealed that the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (2 to 3 mmol of S(2-) m(-3) s(-1) or 2 x 10(-9) mmol s(-1) per aggregate) was located in a surface layer of 50 to 100 microm thick. The sulfidogenic aggregates contained a wider sulfate-reducing zone (the first 200 to 300 microm from the aggregate surface) with a higher activity (1 to 6 mmol of S(2-) m(-3) s(-1) or 7 x 10(-9) mol s(-1) per aggregate). The methanogenic aggregates did not show significant sulfate-reducing activity. Methanogenic activity in the methanogenic-sulfidogenic aggregates (1 to 2 mmol of CH(4) m(-3) s(-1) or 10(-9) mmol s(-1) per aggregate) and the methanogenic aggregates (2 to 4 mmol of CH(4) m(-3) s(-1) or 5 x 10(-9) mmol s(-1) per aggregate) was located more inward, starting at ca. 100 microm from the aggregate surface. The methanogenic activity was not affected by 10 mM sulfate during a 1-day incubation. The sulfidogenic and methanogenic activities were independent of the type of electron donor (acetate, propionate, ethanol, or H(2)), but the substrates were metabolized in different zones. The localization of the populations corresponded to the microsensor data. A distinct layered structure was found in the methanogenic-sulfidogenic aggregates, with sulfate-reducing bacteria in the outer 50 to 100 microm, methanogens in the inner part, and Eubacteria spp. (partly syntrophic bacteria) filling the gap between sulfate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria. In methanogenic aggregates, few sulfate-reducing bacteria were detected, while methanogens were found in the core. In the sulfidogenic aggregates, sulfate-reducing bacteria were present in the outer 300 microm, and methanogens were distributed over the inner part in clusters with syntrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Santegoeds
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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30
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Oude Elferink SJ, Vorstman WJ, Sopjes A, Stams AJ. Characterization of the sulfate-reducing and syntrophic population in granular sludge from a full-scale anaerobic reactor treating papermill wastewater. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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31
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Sekiguchi Y, Kamagata Y, Syutsubo K, Ohashi A, Harada H, Nakamura K. Phylogenetic diversity of mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludges determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1998; 144 ( Pt 9):2655-2665. [PMID: 9782515 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-9-2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The microbial diversity of two types of methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C), which had been treating sucrose/propionate/acetate-based artificial wastewater were compared. 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed by PCR with a prokaryote-specific primer set, and partial sequencing of the clonal 16S rDNAs was conducted for phylogenetic analysis. Of 115 mesophilic granule and 110 thermophilic granule clones sequenced, 19 and 22%, respectively, were phylogenetically affiliated with the domain Archaea, and the remainder in each case were assigned to the domain Bacteria. Within the domain Archaea, the 16S rDNA clones in both libraries showed relatively close relationships with those of methanogens. Within the Bacteria, a major group represented in the mesophilic clone library was the delta subclass of the Proteobacteria (27%), in which high degrees of relatedness were observed between the clonal 16S rDNA sequences and those of previously identified syntrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In contrast, in the thermophilic clone library, the Thermodesulfovibrio group (19%), the green non-sulfur bacteria (18%) and the low G + C subclass of the Gram-positive bacteria (18%) were predominant. A significant difference between the two libraries was that no clone affiliated with the Proteobacteria was detected in the thermophilic clone library, whereas the Proteobacteria was detected in the thermophilic clone library, whereas the Proteobacteria was the most predominant group in the mesophilic clones. Thirty-six and 24 different sequences were found in the mesophilic and thermophilic clones, respectively, suggesting that the microbial diversity of the thermophilic granule was lower than that of the mesophilic granule.
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MESH Headings
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Archaea/isolation & purification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification
- Base Sequence
- Bioreactors
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Ecosystem
- Euryarchaeota/classification
- Euryarchaeota/genetics
- Euryarchaeota/isolation & purification
- Genes, Archaeal
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genetic Variation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sewage/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sekiguchi
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566Japan
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakamura
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566Japan
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32
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El Fantroussi S, Ntibahezwa E, Thomas S, Naveau H, Agathos SN. Effect of Specific Inhibitors on the Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol by a Stable Methanogenic Consortium. Anaerobe 1998; 4:197-203. [PMID: 16887642 DOI: 10.1006/anae.1998.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1998] [Accepted: 07/29/1998] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) into 4-chlorophenol (4CP) was studied using a stable methanogenic enrichment culture derived from an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. Using acetate as a growth substrate, different inhibitors of methanogenesis exhibited distinct effects on TCP dechlorination. Whereas reductive dechlorination activity was not affected by 2% ethylene in the gas phase, 25 mM bromoethanesulfonic acid (BESA) had a direct inhibitory effect on this process. The choice of BESA as a specific inhibitor for identifying the subpopulations involved in reductive dechlorination of chloroaromatics is thus questionable. Inhibitors of sulfate reduction such as molybdate (20 mM) and selenate (20 mM) had a direct inhibitory effect on reductive dechlorination independently of the presence of sulfate in the medium supplemented with acetate as growth substrate. Consequently much more care must also be taken with these inhibitors to prove that reductive chlorination is coupled to sulfate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S El Fantroussi
- Unit of Bioengineering, Catholic University of Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/19, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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33
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Methanogenic Degradation of Polysaccharides and the Characterization of Polysaccharolytic Clostridia from Anoxic Rice Field Soil. Syst Appl Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(98)80023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Zellneri G, Busmann A, Rainey FA, Diekmann H. A Syntrophic Propionate-Oxidizing, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium from a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Syst Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(96)80071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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Van Kuijk BL, Stams AJ. Sulfate reduction by a syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1995; 68:293-6. [PMID: 8821784 DOI: 10.1007/bf00874139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium MPOB was able to grow in the absence of methanogens by coupling the oxidation of propionate to the reduction of sulfate. Growth on propionate plus sulfate was very slow (mu = 0.024 day-1). An average growth yield was found of 1.5 g (dry weight) per mol of propionate. MPOB grew even slower than other sulfate-reducing syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria. The growth rates and yields of strict sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfobulbus sp.) grown on propionate plus sulfate are considerably higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Van Kuijk
- Department of Microbiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands
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36
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Stability and metabolic versatility of a propionate-degrading biofilm operating in an anaerobic fluidised bed reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)94209-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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J.W.H. S, Elferink O, Visser A, Hulshoff Pol LW, Stams AJ. Sulfate reduction in methanogenic bioreactors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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38
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Sanchez JM, Arijo S, Mu�oz MA, Mori�igo MA, Borrego JJ. Microbial colonization of different support materials used to enhance the methanogenic process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00939040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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40
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Wu WM, Thiele JH, Jain MK, Stuart Pankratz H, Hickey RF, Gregory Zeikus J. Comparison of rod- versus filament-type methanogenic granules: microbial population and reactor performance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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