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Barčák D, Yoneva A, Sehadová H, Oros M, Gustinelli A, Kuchta R. Complex insight on microanatomy of larval "human broad tapeworm" Dibothriocephalus latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea). Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:408. [PMID: 31434579 PMCID: PMC6702751 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, the tapeworm Dibothriocephalus latus (syn. Diphyllobothrium latum) is a well-known etiological agent of human diphyllobothriosis, which spreads by the consumption of raw fish flesh infected by plerocercoids (tapeworm's larval stage). However, the process of parasite establishment in both intermediate and definitive hosts is poorly understood. This study was targeted mainly on the scolex (anterior part) of the plerocercoid of this species, which facilitates penetration of the parasite in intermediate paratenic fish hosts, and subsequently its attachment to the intestine of the definitive host. METHODS Plerocercoids were isolated from the musculature of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) caught in Italian alpine lakes. Parasites were examined using confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence tagging was held on whole mount larvae. RESULTS The organisation of the central and peripheral nervous system was captured in D. latus plerocercoids, including the ultrastructure of the nerve cells possessing large dense neurosecretory granules. Two types of nerve fibres run from the body surface toward the nerve plexus located in the parenchyma on each side of bothria. One type of these fibres was found to be serotoninergic and possessed large subtegumental nerve cell bodies. A well-developed gland apparatus, found throughout the plerocercoid parenchyma, produced heterogeneous granules with lucent core packed in a dense layer. Three different types of microtriches occurred on the scolex and body surface of plerocercoids of D. latus: (i) uncinate spinitriches; (ii) coniform spinitriches; and (iii) capilliform filitriches. Non-ciliated sensory receptors were observed between the distal cytoplasm of the tegument and the underlying musculature. CONCLUSIONS Confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed the detailed microanatomy of the nervous system in the scolex of plerocercoids, and also several differences in the larval stages compared with adult D. latus. These features, i.e. well-developed glandular system and massive hook-shaped uncinate spinitriches, are thus probably required for plerocercoids inhabiting fish hosts and also for their post-infection attachment in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barčák
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Yoneva
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hana Sehadová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO Italy
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Studies on monieziasis of sheep I. Prevalence and antihelminthic effects of some plant extracts, a light and electron microscopic study. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:177-86. [PMID: 20865430 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Out of 2,343 examined sheep throughout the whole year, 271 were found to be infected with tapeworms (11.5%). The highest infection rate (22.1%) was recorded in autumn, while the lowest (6%) occurred in summer. Six species of cestodes were identified according to their prevalence: Moniezia expansa (74%), Moniezia denticulata (8.5%), Moniezia benedeni (4.8%), Moniezia trigonophora (2.7%), and Thysaniezia giardi (2.7%), T. giardi was recorded in Egypt for the first time. M. expansa was found throughout the year with two peaks in January (92.3%) and June (88.5%). SEM examination revealed that M. expansa scolex has four triangular suckers guarded by an X-shaped fibrous band that makes them open permanently. Also, there is a Y-shaped apical part at the scolex center which may be an embryonically non-developed rostellum. The whole worm body surface is covered with unidirectional microtriches. TEM showed that the tegument is underlaid by a thick fibrous interstitial layer below which an outer circular and an inner longitudinal muscular layer are arranged. Beneath these structures the subtegumental cells are found which have spherical electron-dense inclusions and various other cell organelles. Moreover, M. expansa has interproglottidal glands which contain secretory vesicles and secretions. For biological control of this parasite, different concentrations of crude plant extract of Artemisia cina were used in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the results indicated that the plant extract is efficacious at all concentrations tested. Electron microscopic examination showed that many structures of the treated worms were affected. The most affected sites were the scolex and the microtriches of the outer tegumental surface. In vivo, treatment of heavily infected animals showed an antihelminthic effect, since the complete absence of eggs was recorded 9 days after treatment when fecal investigations were done.
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Chervy L. Unified terminology for cestode microtriches: a proposal from the International Workshops on Cestode Systematics in 2002-2008. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2009; 56:199-230. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2009.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fyler CA. COMPARISON OF MICROTHRIX ULTRASTRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY ON THE PLEROCERCOID AND ADULT SCOLEX OF CALLIOBOTHRIUM CF. VERTICILLATUM (TETRAPHYLLIDEA: ONCHOBOTHRIIDAE). J Parasitol 2007; 93:4-11. [PMID: 17436936 DOI: 10.1645/ge-908r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The distal bothridial surfaces of adult triloculate onchobothriids are covered with short structures that have been tentatively classified as very short filitriches, but this hypothesis has never been tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate microthrix morphology in the plerocercoid and adult forms of Calliobothrium cf. verticillatum, a triloculate onchobothriid tapeworm from Long Island Sound (Connecticut). Plerocercoids of C. cf. verticillatum were collected from the anterior midgut ceaca of Pagurus pollicaris Say, 1817 (flat-clawed hermit crab), and adults were collected from the spiral intestine of the dusky smooth hound Mustelis canis (Mitchell, 1815). Two plerocercoids and 2 adults were examined using SEM; 2 plerocercoids and 2 adults were examined using TEM. Microthrix distribution and morphology (including measurements of total length, base length, shaft length, and base width) were investigated on all surfaces of the plerocercoid and adult scolex. Slender filitriches and large bladelike spinitriches were observed extending from the tegument of plerocercoid and adult forms. The filitriches were found to have significantly narrower bases than the spinitriches (65-167 nm vs. 466-1,936 nm, respectively). The scolex proper of the plerocercoid and adult forms were found to have filitriches of medium-length and bladelike spinitriches. The distal bothridial surfaces differed dramatically in microthrix morphology between plerocercoid and adult forms; on the distal surfaces of the plerocercoids were long filitriches and bladelike spinitriches. However, the distal surfaces of the adults had short structures (previously hypothesized to be short filitriches) and a few bladelike spinitriches. Serial transverse sections revealed that the short structures on the distal bothridial surfaces of the adults were homologous with filitriches. They included all of the structural components of a filithrix as well as a base width that conformed to the filitriches found on other surfaces. The bothridial margins of the plerocercoid and adult forms had a microthrix pattern similar to that seen on the proximal bothridial surfaces except that the filitriches on the margins were significantly longer than those found anywhere else on the bothridia. The most dramatic difference between the plerocercoid and adult forms occurred on the distal bothridial surfaces, where the filitriches of the adult cestodes were significantly shorter and narrower, and the spinitriches were almost entirely lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Fyler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road U-3043, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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Zd'árská Z, Nebesárová J. Ultrastructure of the early rostellum of Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae). Parasitol Res 2003; 89:495-500. [PMID: 12658462 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-002-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2002] [Accepted: 10/31/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The neodermis of the whole early rostellum of Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786) bears filamentous microtriches. At the base, there are five to six irregular rows of hooks and spine-like microtriches. The rostellar hooks of S. siluri originate through the enlargement of microtriches. Electron-dense hook substance is deposited along the edges of the microthrix to form the hook blade and basal plate. The blade does not become hollow as in the cyclophyllidean cestodes. The basal plate of the hook, corresponding to the handle and the guard of Cyclophyllidea, is formed by the deposition of hook substance around the base of the microthrix. Within the centre of the base, only a narrow cleft-like core is occupied by distal cytoplasm. The hook bases are more deeply inserted into the distal cytoplasm, as the bases of the spine-like microtriches are localized on the rostellum below the rows of hooks. No hemidesmosomes, fixing the hook base to the basal lamina, are present. Eccrine gland cells and uniciliate and nonciliate sensory receptors of the primitive rostellum are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zd'árská
- Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovská 31, 370 05, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Siles-Lucas M, Nunes CP, Zaha A, Breijo M. The 14-3-3 protein is secreted by the adult worm of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasite Immunol 2000; 22:521-8. [PMID: 11012978 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein, already described in the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, has been characterized in the Echinococcus granulosus adult worm. Immunolocalization studies show the presence of the 14-3-3 protein in the periphery of testes and externally associated with the apical rostellum and adjacent worm tegument. The alcian blue staining in consecutive parasite sections gave similar reactivity patterns, suggesting that the 14-3-3 protein is produced and secreted by rostellar glands. Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of the 14-3-3 protein in somatic and excretory-secretory worm products with higher and smaller apparent molecular masses, respectively, than those detected in E. multilocularis or E. granulosus metacestode tissues. Conversely, the 14-3-3 protein was not detected in metacestode secretory products. Detection of anti-E. granulosus 14-3-3 reactivity in sera of experimentally infected dogs was achieved at early stages of infection. Specific antibody titres decreased during the course of infection. The possible origin and functions of the 14-3-3 protein produced by the adult worm are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siles-Lucas
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 9150-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brŭnanská M, Gustafsson MK, Fagerholm HP. Ultrastructure of presumed sensory receptors in the scolex of adult Proteocephalus exiguus (Cestoda, Proteocephalidea). Int J Parasitol 1998; 28:667-77. [PMID: 9602391 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of six type of putative sense receptors including three nonciliate (Types I-III) and three ciliate (Types IV-VI) types found in the tegument of the scolex of adult Proteocephalus exiguus has been described for the first time. Type I has a simple tegumental sensory ending, containing one electron-dense collar, circular septate desmosome, electron-lucent vesicles and microtubules. Type II is represented by a receptor with a large rootlet. Type III is a receptor with a very long cross-striated rootlet, with two electron-dense collars and septate junction. The ciliated receptors differ in the length of the cilium, in the number of electron-dense collars and in the shape of sensory bulb. A comparison of structural features of receptors in different systematic group within Platyhelminthes is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brŭnanská
- Parasitological Institute, SAS, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Okino T, Hatsushika R. Ultrastructure studies on the papillae and the nonciliated sensory receptors of adult Spirometra erinacei (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea). Parasitol Res 1994; 80:454-8. [PMID: 7808994 DOI: 10.1007/bf00932690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The small numerous papillae on the ventral surface of the gravid proglottid of adult Spirometra erinacei were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The arrangement of clumps of papillae was recognized on the surface of the central portion around the genital atrium, with lateral clumps being located above a pair of longitudinal nerve cords and marginal ones, on both sides of the proglottid. By transmission electron microscopy, two types of nonciliated sensory receptors were observed within the papillae. The type I, single receptor was embedded within a papilla. This dome-like sensory receptor contained two electron-dense collars and four rootlets surrounded by numerous thin filaments. The type II receptor was found arranged in groups in the area between the papillae, and the apical end was exposed to the external environment. This simple, club-like sensory receptor contained electron-lucent vesicles and microtubules. We believe that the papillae play an important role in cross-insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okino
- Department of Parasitology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Abstract
The neuropeptide story began in 1928 with the description by Ernst Scharrer of gland-like nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the minnow,Phoxinus laevis.Because these nerve cells were overwhelmingly specialized for secretory activity, overshadowing other neuronal properties, Scharrer termed them ‘neurosecretory neurons’. What was even more remarkable about the cells was that their products were released into the bloodstream to act as hormones, specifically neurohormones. Neurosecretory cells were identified largely on morphological grounds. That is, they could be stained with special techniques, such as chrome-haematoxylin and paraldehyde-fuchsin, although the techniques are far from specific, staining non-neurosecretory cells as well. However, the basis for the ‘special’ neurosecretory techniques is the demonstration of sulphur-containing proteins – so they are indicative of peptide-producing neurones. An alternative characteristic of neurosecretory cells is the presence of large (> 100 nm), dense-cored vesicles at the electron microscope level; these are the so-called elementary granules of neurosecretion, or ENGs. However, implicit in the concept of neurosecretion is that the prime function of the neurosecretory cell is in endocrine regulation, exerting a hormone-like control over some aspect of the organism's metabolism, by controlling endocrine glands and other effector organs. To satisfy this criterion, evidence had to be obtained of cycles of secretory activity within the cell that could be correlated with a change in the physiological condition of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fairweather
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast
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Marchiondo AA, Andersen FL. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the in vitro evagination process of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscolices. Int J Parasitol 1984; 14:151-7. [PMID: 6376388 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(84)90042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lee SH. [Studies On The Bladder Worm, Cysticercus Cellulosae: The Ultrastructure Of C. Cellulosae]. KISAENGCH'UNGHAK CHAPCHI. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1983; 21:75-82. [PMID: 12902671 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1983.21.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An electron microscopic study was performed to know the basic tegumental structure of Cysticercus cellulosae. The scolex and bladder portions of cysticerci (human and porcine strains) were prepared for transmission and scanning electron microscopy by conventional procedures. In general, the tegument of C. cellulosae showed the basic ultrastructure of cestode tegument on electron micrographs. The teguments of both scolex and bladder portions consisted of such components i.e., an outer vesicular layer with numerous microtriches and inner fibrous layer. Below the fibrous layer, there were layers of muscle bundles and tegumental cells. The microtriches which covered the surface of cysticercus revealed two distinctly different shapes. The characteristic bladder-like, elongated pyramid shaped 'tetrahedral form' was observed on the surface of the scolex portion, whereas the elongated cylindrical 'filamentous form' was distributed on the surface of bladder portion. In spite of the difference of isolated host and location, the cysticerci showed the same result. But dimensional variations of the tegument according to topography of the worm were observed. The possibility of application in making differential diagnosis from other larval cestodes and possible functions of this larval tegument were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hyung Lee
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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Fairweather I, Threadgold LT. Hymenolepis nana: the fine structure of the adult nervous system. Parasitology 1983; 86 (Pt 1):89-103. [PMID: 6835703 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000057206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The fine structure of the nervous system in the scolex and neck region of Hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A description of the gross neuroanatomy in these regions of the worm is presented. The ganglia, commissures and nerve cords consist of an incomplete cortex of nerve cell bodies, and a core of nerve fibres. A delimiting sheath or capsule is absent. The nerve cell bodies contain a single nucleus with a single nucleolus, mitochondria, many ribosomes, Golgi complexes and vesicles formed within the Golgi cisternae. Numerous sub-surface cisternae are present beneath the outer plasma membrane of the nerve cell body, and the inner surfaces of these cisternae are studded with ribosomes. Some of the cisternae run tangentially into the cytoplasm of the perikaryon, particularly in the vicinity of the Golgi complexes; both sides of these cisternae are studded with ribosomes. From each neuronal perikaryon arise one or more neurites that contain neurotubules, mitochondria, ribosomes and electron-lucent or dense-cored vesicles. Five types of vesicle have been distinguished on the basis of their size and content. The neurites are unmyelinated and form synapses in the neuropile; the synapses possess features typical of those where mechanical strength is of importance. Three types of sensory receptors have been observed in H. nana, two ciliated and one non-ciliated; the latter typically form double or triple nerve endings which terminate within the tegument.
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Richards K, Arme C. Observations on the microtriches and stages in their development and emergence in Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Caryophyllidea: Cestoda). Int J Parasitol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(81)90007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Becker B, Mehlhorn H, Andrews P, Thomas H. Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies on the efficacy of praziquantel on Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda) in vitro. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1980; 61:121-33. [PMID: 7376693 DOI: 10.1007/bf00925459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy after in vitro exposure to 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml of the anthelmintic praziquantel (Droncit) for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. The resulting vacuolization of the tegument was exclusively confined to the neck region of the tapeworms and was already observed after treatment for 5 min with 1 microgram/ml. This vacuolization finally led to the disruption of the syncytial layer in the apical region of the tegument. The tegumental microtriches and the surface coat remained unaffected. Proglottids of the middle or posterior regions of the worms never showed destruction.
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Thompson RC, Hayton AR, Jue Sue LP. An ultrastructural study of the microtriches of adult Proteocephalus tidswelli (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1980; 64:95-111. [PMID: 7194547 DOI: 10.1007/bf00927060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural observations on adult Proteocephalus tidswelli revealed a marked microtrichial polymorphism. Structural and dimensional variations of microtriches between different regions of the strobila and scolex, as well as within the same region, were observed. The authors suggest that microtriches are involved in a diversity of functions, and possible functional activities are discussed.
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Thompson RC, Dunsmore JD, Hayton AR. Echinococcus granulosus: secretory activity of the rostellum of the adult cestode in situ in the dog. Exp Parasitol 1979; 48:144-63. [PMID: 456463 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(79)90064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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A study of the microtriches and sensory processes of the tetrathyridium of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00380464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Featherston DW. Taenia hydatigena--V. Surface structure of the adult worm and evaginated scolex. Int J Parasitol 1975; 5:625-9. [PMID: 1201895 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(75)90060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Reuter M. Ultrastructure of the Epithelium and the Sensory Receptors in the Body Wall, the Proboscis and the Pharynx of Gyratrix hermaphroditus (Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela). ZOOL SCR 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1975.tb00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cooper NB, Allison VF, Ubelaker JE. The fine structure of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis diminuta. III. The scolex. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1975; 46:229-39. [PMID: 167533 DOI: 10.1007/bf00389881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy of the scolex of the 8-day-old Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoid demonstrates its resemblance to the scolex of the adult. A syncytial tegument composed of external and internal layers is connected by cytoplasmic extensions. Fully developed microtriches are present. Furthermore, a basement membrane, muscle layers, and medullary region containing flame cells, nerve tissue, and other cell bodies are observed. Of particular interest is the presence of discrete sensory endings whose function is discussed.
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Beveridge I, Rickard MD, Gregory GG, Munday BL. Studies on Anoplotaenia dasyuri beddard, 1911 (Cestoda: Taeniidae), a parasite of the Tasmanian devil: observations on the egg and metacestode. Int J Parasitol 1975; 5:257-67. [PMID: 1092629 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(75)90071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hayunga EG, Mackiewicz JS. An electron microscope study of the tegument of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea). Int J Parasitol 1975; 5:309-19. [PMID: 1126786 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(75)90079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rohde K. Ultrastructure of the nerves and sense receptors of Polystomoides renschi Rohde and P. malayi Rohde (Monogenea: Polystomatidae). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1972; 40:307-20. [PMID: 4346785 DOI: 10.1007/bf00328749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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