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Brickley MB. Perspectives on anemia: Factors confounding understanding of past occurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 44:90-104. [PMID: 38181478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reviews factors confounding the understanding of the past occurrence of anemia. Using the evidence gathered, a framework is presented of ways forward to enable greater confidence in diagnosing acquired anemia in paleopathology, facilitating insights into longer-term perspectives on this globally relevant condition. RESULTS To date, porotic lesions have been central to paleopathological investigations of anemia. The fact that porotic bone lesions are omnipresent and have multiple causes but are likely to have a relatively low, age-related frequency in individuals with anemia, a condition that will have been common in past communities, is confounding. METHODS Establishing frameworks that move away from porotic lesions is proposed to facilitate higher levels of more accurate anemia diagnoses in paleopathology. SIGNIFICANCE Acceptance of the fundamental principle that anemia may be better considered as a condition requiring metric evaluation of bone structures, supplemented by careful consideration of lesions, will advance understanding of acquired anemia in past communities. Such an approach would provide a clear basis for further consideration of congenital conditions causing anemia, such as sickle-cell disease and thalassemia. LIMITATIONS This paper simply opens the conversation on the better diagnosis of anemia in paleopathology; it starts the iterative process of achieving some consensus and progress on diagnosing anemia in paleopathology. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Engagement with ideas presented, sharing data and development of metric parameters will assist in identifying the effects of marrow hyperplasia on bone, enabling more robust work on the important topic of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Brickley
- McMaster University, Department of Anthropology, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L9, Canada.
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2
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Liu M, Dong A, Zuo C, Zhu Y, Fu X. Isolated Skull Metastasis With Unusual Spiculated Periosteal Reaction From Rectal Cancer Resembling Osteosarcoma on FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:1006-1008. [PMID: 37793159 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of isolated skull metastasis with spiculated periosteal reaction from rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma 8 years after proctectomy. The skull metastasis showed heterogeneous FDG uptake and multiple short spicules of bone producing the sunburst appearance resembling primary osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma. Familiarity with this atypical imaging appearance of the bone metastasis from rectal cancer may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Yan Zhu
- Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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De Leiris N, Ruggeri V, Riou L, Laramas M, Djaileb L. Aggressive Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Periosteal Reaction in 18F-Choline PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e116-e117. [PMID: 33181748 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer bone metastases usually appear as osteosclerotic lesions. However, atypical lesions have also been described. We report herein the case of a 65-year-old man treated since 2013 for prostate cancer with early bone metastases. This asymptomatic patient was referred for 18F-choline PET/CT due to a major elevation of prostate-specific antigen to >1500 ng/mL. The results indicated multiple bone lesions, disseminated on the axial skeleton, girdles, and upper extremities of femurs. Interestingly, we described the development of an intensely hypermetabolic spiculated periosteal reaction, evidencing a rapidly progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Riou
- INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques
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The Spectrum of Rib Neoplasms in Adults: A Practical Approach and Multimodal Imaging Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:165-177. [PMID: 32374664 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Adult neoplasms of the ribs are a heterogeneous group consisting of both benign and aggressive entities. Rib neoplasms have a variety of overlapping imaging features, with much of the imaging data disjointed across the musculoskeletal, thoracic, and oncologic imaging literature. Arrival at accurate diagnosis can therefore be quite challenging. This article consolidates this information and introduces the reader to an algorithmic approach to rib lesion evaluation based on imaging. CONCLUSION. Rib neoplasms are a diverse group of benign and malignant entities, which often makes determining an accurate diagnosis challenging. Evaluation requires a multipronged approach that incorporates radiographic imaging features, nonradiographic imaging findings, lesion location, and clinical data.
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Jentgen-Ceschino B, Stein K, Fischer V. Case study of radial fibrolamellar bone tissues in the outer cortex of basal sauropods. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190143. [PMID: 31928196 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The histology of sauropod long bones often appears uniform and conservative along their evolutionary tree. One of the main aspects of their bone histology is to exhibit a fibrolamellar complex in the cortex of their long bones. Here, we report another bone tissue, the radial fibrolamellar bone (RFB), in the outer cortex of the humeri of a young adult cf. Isanosaurus (Early to Late Jurassic, Thailand) and an adult Spinophorosaurus nigerensis (Early to Middle Jurassic, Niger) that do not exhibit any pathological feature on the bone surface. Its location within the cortex is unexpected, because RFB is a rapidly deposited bone tissue that would rather be expected early in the ontogeny. A palaeopathological survey was conducted for these sampled specimens. Observed RFB occurrences are regarded as spiculated periosteal reactive bone, which is an aggressive form of periosteal reaction. A 'hair-on-end' pattern of neoplasmic origin (resembling a Ewing's sarcoma) is favoured for cf. Isanosaurus, while a sunburst pattern of viral or neoplasmic origin (resembling an avian osteopetrosis or haemangioma) is favoured for Spinophorosaurus. This study highlights the importance of bone histology in assessing the frequency and nature of palaeopathologies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vertebrate palaeophysiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jentgen-Ceschino
- Department of Geology, Université de Liège, 14 Allée du 6 Aout, Liège 4000, Belgium.,Earth System Science - AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Stein
- Earth System Science - AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Directorate 'Earth and History of Life', Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentin Fischer
- Department of Geology, Université de Liège, 14 Allée du 6 Aout, Liège 4000, Belgium
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Biehler-Gomez L, Tritella S, Martino F, Campobasso CP, Franchi A, Spairani R, Sardanelli F, Cattaneo C. The synergy between radiographic and macroscopic observation of skeletal lesions on dry bone. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1611-1628. [PMID: 31300917 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of bone lesions is a fundamental part of the study of skeletal remains, both in the archeological and forensic context. On the one side, the literature proved the relevance of radiography for the detection of bone lesions; on the other side, the careful macroscopic observation of the morphology of bone lesions is often underestimated. For this study, we examined and performed plain radiography on 14 skeletons of the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, multiple myeloma, metastatic cancer, and osteomalacia to compare the macroscopic morphology and radiographic visualization of bone lesions. At least 200 osteolytic lesions and 65 areas of proliferative bone reaction (either spongiosclerotic or periosteal) were studied. We realized "comparative sets" of macroscopic pictures and radiographic imaging of the same skeletal elements to allow comparisons of detection and recognition of bone lesions. As a result, while trabecular lesions may be lost through naked eye observation, many lesions can also be unperceived on radiographs due to contrast, including periosteal reactions, osteolytic lesions, and spongiosclerosis. The aim of this research was to investigate the strengths and pitfalls of digital radiography and macroscopic analysis and to demonstrate the synergy of a complementary approach between the two methods for lesion analysis in dry bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Biehler-Gomez
- Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Tritella
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Pietro Campobasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angélique Franchi
- Forensic Medicine Department, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France
| | - Riccardo Spairani
- Post-Graduate School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Biehler-Gomez L, Giordano G, Cattaneo C. The overlooked primary: bladder cancer metastases on dry bone. A study of the 20th century CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:130-140. [PMID: 30388583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to provide additional documentation of bone metastases to help anthropologists recognize the condition and potentially suggest the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma in differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen individuals clinically diagnosed with bladder carcinoma from the 20th century Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection were macroscopically studied to document bone metastases in bladder cancer. RESULTS Bone metastases were found through macroscopic observation in three individuals or 23% of the study sample. Metastases were mostly of a mixed nature (45%), although both osteoblastic (13%) and osteolytic (9%) also occurred. In particular, mixed and osteoblastic metastases exhibited different distribution patterns, even when affecting the same bones. The vertebrae (24.7%), skull (12.9%), ribs (11.7%), proximal humeri (7.8%), pelvis (5.2%), proximal femora (2.6%), sacrum (1.3%) and sternum (1.3%) were the most commonly affected. Osteolytic lesions included coalescing superficial pits or lesions perforating the bone cortex. Proliferative lesions manifested as spongiosclerosis or periosteal new bone. Mixed metastases were osteolytic lesions exposing a thickened trabecular bone or coalescent porosity with reactive new bone. CONCLUSIONS Bladder carcinoma metastases were mostly mixed, exhibiting periosteal reactions, perforations of bone cortex, spongiosclerosis and coalescing porosity. SIGNIFICANCE Bladder carcinoma is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of the primary organ. This study reports the macroscopic aspect of bone metastases in bladder carcinoma and may help anthropologists diagnose the condition in skeletons. LIMITATIONS Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence; some lesions may have been hidden from macroscopic observation and therefore missed. FURTHER RESEARCH Radiographic analysis and comparison with other neoplasms should provide additional details for the diagnosis of bladder cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Biehler-Gomez
- LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Giordano
- LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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8
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Assis S, Keenleyside A. The macroscopic and histomorphological properties of periosteal rib lesions and its relation with disease duration: evidence from the Luis Lopes Skeletal Collection (Lisbon, Portugal). J Anat 2019; 234:480-501. [PMID: 30706479 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteal new bone formation (PNBF) is a common finding in a large spectrum of diseases. In clinical practice, the morphology and location of periosteal lesions are frequently used to assist in the differential diagnosis of distinct bone conditions. Less commonly reported is the presence of PNBF on the ribs. This contrasts with the data retrieved from the study of skeletonized human remains that shows a high frequency of cases and a strong, albeit not specific, association between periosteal rib lesions and pulmonary conditions (e.g. tuberculosis). Despite that, an overall disagreement regarding the specificity and non-specificity of periosteal reactions exists in the study of dry bone remains. The insufficient number of clinical models exploring the morphology and the pathophysiology of PNBF's and the lack of systematic studies of pathological samples with a known diagnosis are claimed as major reasons for the disagreements. This study aimed to describe and compare the macroscopic and the histomorphologic appearance of periosteal rib lesions and to discuss their usefulness as diagnostic indicators. To pursue this goal, an assemblage of 13 rib samples (males = 11, females = 2, mean age-at-death = 36.6 years old) was collected from the Luis Lopes Skeletal Collection (Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal). The assemblage belongs to individuals who died from pulmonary-TB (group 1), non-TB pulmonary infections (group 2) and other conditions (group 3). Prior to sample preparation, the ribs were visually inspected and the PNBF described according to its thickness, the degree of cortical integration and the type of new bone formed (e.g. woven, lamellar or both). After sampling, each bone sample was prepared for histological analysis under plane and polarized light microscopy. Macroscopically, the results showed no differences in the new bone composition between cause-of-death groups. Only slight differences in the degree of cortical integration, which was most frequently classified as mild to high in the pulmonary-TB group, were observed. Histologically, no distinguishing features were identified by pathological group. However, new bone microarchitectures were observed compatible with (1) acute, fast-growing processes (e.g. spiculated reactions), (2) long-standing processes with a rapid bone formation (e.g. appositional layering of bone) and/or (3) chronic, slow-growing processes (e.g. layers of compact lamellae). To some extent, these distinct rates of disease progression resonate with the cause-of-death listed for some individuals. Despite the small sample size, the results of this investigation are in agreement with previous studies, according to which the macroscopic and histological appearance of periosteal formations are not specific for a particular pathological conditions. Nevertheless, the results support the conclusion that the morphology of periosteal lesions is a good biological indicator for inferring the rate of progression and duration of pathological processes. This study provides important reference data regarding the histomorphology of periosteal lesions that can be used for comparative purposes, as well as to narrow down the differential diagnosis in unidentified skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Assis
- Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (FCSH), Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anne Keenleyside
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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The appearance of breast cancer metastases on dry bone: Implications for forensic anthropology. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 61:5-12. [PMID: 30388503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The study of bone pathologies presents considerable potential in anthropology, paleopathology, forensic science and medicine. In this paper, we present and discuss metastatic lesions found in the skeletons of known individuals from the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, clinically diagnosed with breast cancer during life. Fourteen skeletons from a contemporary and identified collection were macroscopically studied and metastases were identified by comparison with clinical literature. As a result, bone metastases were observed in 43% of the study sample. They were located most commonly on the ribs (28.1%), pelvic girdle (19.8%), vertebrae (15.6%), skull (15.6%), scapulae (10.2%) as well as proximal segment of the femora (8.4%) and humeri (2.4%) respectively, favoring sites of high vascularization. The majority of the lesions were osteolytic, although osteoblastic and mixed metastases did occur. Osteolytic metastases appear as coalescent porosity or round to oval perforating lesions on bones with denticulated margins and pitted surrounding bone, whereas osteoblastic metastases thickened the existing trabecula (spongiosclerosis). Mixed metastases were perforating lytic lesions exposing the osteoblastic activity in the underlying trabecular bone. These results, consistent with the data from the literature, strengthen the diagnostic criteria for metastases and illustrate the aspect of bone metastases in breast carcinoma.
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An Ancient Skeleton with Multiple Osteoblastic Bone Lesions Containing a Scapular Sunburst Appearance from a 5th-6th Century Grave Excavated in Oita, Japan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1659510. [PMID: 30271777 PMCID: PMC6148826 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1659510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A human skeleton of a middle-aged adult male was found in a 5th–6th century Kinoue-Kodo stone coffin excavated from the southwest marginal region of the Oita plains, northeast Kyushu, Japan. The skeleton was buried respectfully in the ancient tomb, and red pigment was applied to his face after death. We report herein findings from computed tomography imaging of the skeleton and discuss the multiple osteoblastic lesions identified in the humerus, scapula, clavicle, vertebra, pelvic bones, and skull of this individual. These lesions comprised cortical bone thickening with periosteal reaction localized to the surface and osteosclerotic changes mainly observed in the trabecular structure of cancellous bone. In particular, a typical sunburst pattern was also noted on the left scapula as another characteristic lesion found in this case. By differential diagnosis, the disease suffered by this individual was most likely to be metastatic bone tumors, especially of prostate cancer. This person may have survived until many bone metastases had developed throughout his whole body.
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Rando C, Waldron T. Extensive periosteal new bone formation in a skeleton from post-Medieval Chichester, England: A probable case of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:121-127. [PMID: 29778409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An elderly male skeleton from a site in Chichester, UK, was found with a widespread periosteal reaction, principally affecting the axial skeleton and the pelvis. Radiography showed the presence of sclerosing infiltrates, mainly involving the lumbar vertebrae and pelvis. The differential diagnosis is discussed, reaching the conclusion that hypertrophic osteo-arthopathy (HOA) is the only reasonable alternative condition likely to produce such a widespread periosteal reaction as found here. HOA does not produce secondary deposits in the skeleton, however, and we conclude that his is most likely a case of prostatic carcinoma.
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Ragsdale BD, Campbell RA, Kirkpatrick CL. Neoplasm or not? General principles of morphologic analysis of dry bone specimens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:27-40. [PMID: 29776885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike modern diagnosticians, a paleopathologist will likely have only skeletonized human remains without medical records, radiologic studies over time, microbiologic culture results, etc. Macroscopic and radiologic analyses are usually the most accessible diagnostic methods for the study of ancient skeletal remains. This paper recommends an organized approach to the study of dry bone specimens with reference to specimen radiographs. For circumscribed lesions, the distribution (solitary vs. multifocal), character of margins, details of periosteal reactions, and remnants of mineralized matrix should point to the mechanism(s) producing the bony changes. In turn, this allows selecting a likely category of disease (e.g. neoplastic) within which a differential diagnosis can be elaborated and from which a favored specific diagnosis can be chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Ragsdale
- Western Diagnostic Services Laboratory, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Roselyn A Campbell
- Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, 308 Charles E. Young Drive North, A210 Fowler Building/Box 951510, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1510, USA; Paleo-oncology Research Organization, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Casey L Kirkpatrick
- Paleo-oncology Research Organization, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Anthropology, Social Science Center Room 3326, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Castoldi E, Cappella A, Gibelli D, Sforza C, Cattaneo C. The Difficult Task of Diagnosing Prostate Cancer Metastases on Dry Bone. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:672-682. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Castoldi
- LABANOF - Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense; Sezione di Medicina Legale; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- LABANOF - Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense; Sezione di Medicina Legale; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- LABANOF - Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense; Sezione di Medicina Legale; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF - Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense; Sezione di Medicina Legale; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37 20133 Milan Italy
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Li Y, Wu W, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Latif M. Sclerotic multiple myeloma with an unusual sunburst periosteal reaction occurring in the sternum. Skeletal Radiol 2015; 44:749-54. [PMID: 25351419 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-2036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a disseminated neoplastic monoclonal gammopathy that usually affects the skull, clavicle, rib, pelvis, spinal column, and proximal portions of the humerus and femur. The initial manifestation of multiple myeloma in the sternum is rare. The classic radiological presentations of multiple myeloma are multiple "punched-out" areas of bone destruction, expansile lytic lesions, and generalized osteoporosis. Primary sclerotic presentation is rare and occurs in only 3 % of cases. A sclerotic multiple myeloma with a sunburst periosteal reaction occurring in the sternum has not been reported in the English literature. We report a case of sclerotic multiple myeloma of a 49-year-old woman. In the sternum, the lesion displayed extensive sclerosis mixed with mottled lytic areas with a sunburst periosteal reaction occurring in the periphery, which radiologically mimicked an osteosarcoma. Multiple focal areas of sclerosis were also found in the right clavicle, pelvis, multiple ribs, and vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050051, Hebei Province, China,
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Preventive or late administration of anti-NGF therapy attenuates tumor-induced nerve sprouting, neuroma formation, and cancer pain. Pain 2011; 152:2564-2574. [PMID: 21907491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early, preemptive blockade of nerve growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) attenuates tumor-induced nerve sprouting and bone cancer pain. A critical unanswered question is whether late blockade of NGF/TrkA can attenuate cancer pain once NGF-induced nerve sprouting and neuroma formation has occurred. By means of a mouse model of prostate cancer-induced bone pain, anti-NGF was either administered preemptively at day 14 after tumor injection when nerve sprouting had yet to occur, or late at day 35, when extensive nerve sprouting had occurred. Animals were humanely killed at day 70 when, in vehicle-treated animals, significant nerve sprouting and neuroma formation was present in the tumor-bearing bone. Although preemptive and sustained administration (days 14-70) of anti-NGF more rapidly attenuated bone cancer nociceptive behaviors than late and sustained administration (days 35-70), by day 70 after tumor injection, both preemptive and late administration of anti-NGF significantly reduced nociceptive behaviors, sensory and sympathetic nerve sprouting, and neuroma formation. In this model, as in most cancers, the individual cancer cell colonies have a limited half-life because they are constantly proliferating, metastasizing, and undergoing necrosis as the parent cancer cell colony outgrows its blood supply. Similarly, the sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the tumor undergo sprouting at the viable/leading edge of the parent tumor, degenerate as the parent cancer cell colony becomes necrotic, and resprout in the viable, newly formed daughter cell colonies. These results suggest that preemptive or late-stage blockade of NGF/TrkA can attenuate nerve sprouting and cancer pain.
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Intraosseous injection of RM1 murine prostate cancer cells promotes rapid osteolysis and periosteal bone deposition. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:581-90. [PMID: 18506587 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression within bone remain a topic of intense investigation. With the availability of transgenic mouse strains, a model of PCa for use in immune competent/transgenic mice would be highly beneficial. This study was designed to explore the utility of RM1 mouse PCa cells in investigations of tumor:bone interactions. The efficacies of several implantation techniques were examined for reliably producing intra-bone RM1 tumor growth and bone lesion formation in immune competent mice. Longitudinal monitoring of bone remodeling and lesion phenotypes was conducted by microcomputed tomography (muCT) and histological analyses. Our results indicate that direct intrabone injections of RM1 cells are necessary for tumor growth within bone and direct implantation promotes the rapid development of osteolytic bone lesions with periosteal bone deposition post-cortical breach. In vitro, RM1 cells promote the proliferation of osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) and osteoclast (Raw264.7) progenitors in a dose dependent manner. Conditioned culture media from RM1 cells appears to promote earlier expression of genes/proteins associated with osteoblastic differentiation. While clearly stimulating osteoclast function in vivo, RM1 cells had little effect on differentiation and tartate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression by Raw264.7 cells. These data, coupled with in vivo muCT images, indicate the ability of RM1 cells to induce mixed, yet predominentally osteolytic, responses in bone and illustrate the potential of RM1 cells as a model of investigating prostate tumor:stroma interactions in immune competent/transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 background.
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Drake JM, Gabriel CL, Henry MD. Assessing Tumor Growth and Distribution in a Model of Prostate Cancer Metastasis using Bioluminescence Imaging. Clin Exp Metastasis 2006; 22:674-84. [PMID: 16703413 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-006-9011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has greatly facilitated the development of animal models of cancer, allowing sensitive detection of luciferase-expressing cancer cells in living mice. Previous efforts characterizing such models have involved small numbers of animals, limiting understanding of their performance features. We employed BLI to serially image the growth and distribution of a prostate cancer cell line, 22Rv1, after intracardiac injection into scid mice (n = 85). This approach models hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells and allows inquiry of the process of metastatic colonization at various organ sites, although accurately injecting cancer cells into the left ventricle remains challenging. Therefore, to predict injection success we measured the ratio of the thoracic bioluminescence signal to the whole body bioluminescence signal (T/WB ratio) immediately following intracardiac injection. A T/WB ratio less than 0.50 predicted the development of tumors outside of the thoracic cavity while a T/WB greater than 0.50 predicted the development of tumors entirely within the thoracic cavity, suggestive of a failed injection. Progressive tumor growth was quantified using BLI. Tumors colonized multiple organ sites including bone, liver, and adrenal glands resembling the spectrum of metastases in autopsy studies of patients with prostate cancer. Tumors growing in bone exhibited mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic features, eliciting a spiculated periosteal response. With the ability to more accurately predict injection success, we can now monitor efficacy of intracardiac injections facilitating the performance of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Drake
- Department of Physiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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18
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Henry MD, Silva MD, Wen S, Siebert E, Solin E, Chandra S, Worland PJ. Spiculated periosteal response induced by intraosseous injection of 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells resembles subset of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. Prostate 2005; 65:347-54. [PMID: 16032708 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer bone metastasis is distinguished by the predominance of osteoblastic lesions. This phenotype has been difficult to reproduce in animal models. Here, we describe a model utilizing the 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cell line that generates osteolytic lesions and a prominent spiculated periosteal osteoblastic response following intraosseous injection in scid mice. METHODS We injected 22Rv1-luciferase prostate cancer cells directly into the tibiae of C.B-17 scid mice. We analyzed tumor growth and pathology every 2 weeks using radiographic and histologic techniques. RESULTS X-ray analysis revealed that 22Rv1 tumors elicit a mixed-type lesion including some osteolysis and a robust induction of periosteal bone formation, in contrast to PC3M-luciferase intraosseous tumors which induce only extensive osteolysis. Micro-computerized tomographic imaging shows that 22Rv1 tumors exhibit both osteolytic and osteoblastic features which become apparent between 4 and 6 weeks post injection. There is initial disruption of the cortex and corresponding invasion of the periosteum which is associated with a vigorous osteoblastic response. Histological analysis of late stage tumors shows that the tumor has grown outside of the medullary cavity and surrounds the tibia underneath the periosteum and intermixed with spicules of woven bone which is detected in the radiographic analysis. CONCLUSIONS The overall pattern of this model is suggestive of clinical cases of prostate cancer metastasis in which periosteal responses are noted, often in association with rapidly progressive disease. We expect that intraosseous injection of 22Rv1 cells will provide a new experimental model for the study of osteoblastic prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Henry
- Cancer Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Landsdowne St. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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19
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Wenaden AET, Szyszko TA, Saifuddin A. Imaging of periosteal reactions associated with focal lesions of bone. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:439-56. [PMID: 15767101 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2004] [Revised: 08/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periosteal reaction (PR) is the response of cortical bone to an underlying insult. It is manifest in a limited number of histological and radiological patterns. Although not specific for a particular diagnosis, the appearance of PR aids the radiological characterization of bone lesions. Once ossified, PR is demonstrated well on plain radiography but can also be visualized on ultrasound, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy, particularly in the early stage. This article provides a pictorial review of the patterns of PR with particular reference to bone tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E T Wenaden
- Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA3 6DG, UK
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20
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Abstract
Bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma commonly exhibit blastic characteristics with radiographically dense lesions. Occasionally they may demonstrate an unusual pattern of spiculation mimicking primary neoplasms of sarcomatous origin. The author presents a case of bone metastases from prostate carcinoma with bilateral and relatively symmetric iliac "sunburst" lesions documented on computed tomography and bone scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
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21
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Breit R, Van Der Wall H, Emmett L, Storey G, Allman K. Sunburst periosteal reaction in a bony metastasis. Clin Nucl Med 2000; 25:392-3. [PMID: 10795712 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-200005000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Breit
- Department of Orthopaedics, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Campanacci M. Metastatic Bone Disease. BONE AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS 1999:755-787. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3846-5_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Igou D, Sundaram M, McDonald DJ, Janney C, Chalk DE. Appendicular metastatic prostate cancer simulating osteosarcoma, Paget's disease, and Paget's sarcoma. Skeletal Radiol 1995; 24:447-9. [PMID: 7481903 DOI: 10.1007/bf00941244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal metastases from prostate cancer is common and usually do not pose a diagnostic dilemma. This study reviews radiographic appearances of prostatic metastases to the appendicular skeleton in four patients where the appearances simulated osteosarcoma, Paget's disease and Paget's sarcoma. Prostatic metastases to long bones can produce appearances considered characteristic of other lesions and suggest misleading alternative diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Igou
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University, Medical Center, Missouri 63110-0250, USA
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24
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Pope TL, Paling M, Renner JB, Kruse B. Exuberant periosteal reaction in solitary skeletal metastases: a mimic of primary skeletal neoplasm. Orthopedics 1990; 13:261-4. [PMID: 2155414 DOI: 10.3928/0147-7447-19900201-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Pope
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908
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25
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Hove B, Gyldensted C. Spiculated vertebral metastases from prostatic carcinoma. Report of first two cases. Neuroradiology 1990; 32:337-9. [PMID: 2234398 DOI: 10.1007/bf00593059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periosteal reaction with spicule formation is very rare in metastatic bone disease, as only 75 cases are reported in the literature. Although prostatic cancer often metastasizes to the spine, spiculation here has not been reported. We present the first two cases of vertebral metastases from prostatic carcinoma with spicule formation giving rise to osseous spinal stenosis and neurological deficits, best demonstrated by CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hove
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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