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Manjarrés-López DP, Vitale D, Callejas-Martos S, Usuriaga M, Picó Y, Pérez S, Montemurro N. An effective method for the simultaneous extraction of 173 contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater invasive species and its application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7085-7101. [PMID: 37776351 PMCID: PMC10684701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A robust and efficient extraction method was developed to detect a broad range of pollutants of emerging interest in three freshwater invasive species: American red crab (Prokambarus clarkii), Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), and pumpkinseed fish (Lepomis gibbosus). One native species, "petxinot" clam (Anodonta cygnea), was also evaluated. Invasive species are often more resistant to contamination and could be used in biomonitoring studies to assess the effect of contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic ecosystems while preserving potentially threatened native species. So far, most extraction methods developed for this purpose have focused on analyzing fish and generally focus on a limited number of compounds, especially analyzing compounds from the same family. In this sense, we set out to optimize a method that would allow the simultaneous extraction of 87 PhACs, 11 flame retardants, 21 per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, and 54 pesticides. The optimized method is based on ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. Two tests were performed during method development, one to choose the extraction solvent with the best recovery efficiencies and one to select the best clean-up. The analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method obtained recoveries between 40 and 120% and relative standard deviations of less than 25% for 85% of the analytes in the four validated matrices. Limits of quantification between 0.01 ng g-1 and 22 ng g-1 were obtained. Application of the method on real samples from the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia (Spain) confirmed the presence of contaminants of emerging concern in all samples, such as acetaminophen, hydrochlorothiazide, tramadol, PFOS, carbendazim, and fenthion. PFAS were the group of compounds with the highest mean concentrations. C. fluminea was the species with the highest detection frequency, and P. clarkii had the highest average concentrations, so its use is prioritized for biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Manjarrés-López
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH) Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dyana Vitale
- Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) (CSIC-UV-GV), University of Valencia, Road CV-315 Km 10.7, Moncada, 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Callejas-Martos
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH) Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Usuriaga
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH) Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) (CSIC-UV-GV), University of Valencia, Road CV-315 Km 10.7, Moncada, 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH) Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH) Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Viana NP, da Silva LCM, Portruneli N, Soares MP, Cardoso IL, Bonansea RI, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN. Bioconcentration and toxicological impacts of fipronil and 2,4-D commercial formulations (single and in mixture) in the tropical fish, Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11685-11698. [PMID: 34546525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4-D are the most applied pesticides in sugarcane crops leading to aquatic contamination. The whole-body bioconcentration of fipronil and 2,4-D, single and in mixture, was evaluated in Danio rerio after 96-h exposure. The activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in whole body and in the gills and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in muscle were determined. The gill histopathology and the morphology of the pavement (PVC) and the mitochondria-rich(MRC) cells at gill surface were analyzed. Bioconcentration occurred after exposure to fipronil (2.69 L kg-1) and 2,4-D (1.73 L kg-1) single and in mixture of fipronil (3.10 L kg-1) and 2,4-D (1.27 L kg-1). Whole-body CAT activity was unchanged, and its activity decreased in the gills after exposure to fipronil and increased after exposure to 2,4-D and mixture. GST and AChE increased after single exposure to each pesticide and mixture of both. Fish exposed to mixture increased the MRC fractional area (MRCFA) which suggested possible ionic regulation disturbance and reduced the microridge of the PVC surface. Synergistic interactions occurred in the CAT activity and MRCFA after exposure to mixture of pesticides. The results indicate that the recommended application dose of fipronil and 2,4-D, single or in mixture, for sugarcane crops affects this fish species altering its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (NEEA/CRHEA/SHS), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Natália Portruneli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Michelly Pereira Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Israel Luz Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rocío Inés Bonansea
- Faculdade de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (NEEA/CRHEA/SHS), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Kim JH, Jeong SH, Kim SY, Kwon YS, Hwang KH, Lim JS, Seo JS. Bioconcentration and Metabolism of the New Herbicide Methiozolin in Ricefish ( Oryzias latipes). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9536-9544. [PMID: 34293861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methiozolin is a novel herbicide used to control annual bluegrass. It has low vapor pressure and high hydrophobicity, which could result in persistence in water and bioaccumulation. We measured the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of methiozolin in ricefish (Oryzias latipes). Two radiolabels were used to quantify the parent compound and identify its metabolites. Ricefish were exposed to 2.0 and 20.0 ng/L methiozolin for 28 days in the uptake phase with a 96-h LC50 of 2.2 mg/L(95% confidence limit: 2.1-2.5 mg/L) and water solubility of 4.2 mg/L after 48 h was observed. On the basis of total radioactivity residues (TRRs), BCFss and BCFk values of 797.0-851.9 and 992.9-1077.4 were observed, respectively, while BCFss values for methiozolin were 251.9-257.5. Several minor metabolites with TRR < 3.4% were detected. Among them, 4-(2,6-difluorobenzyloxy-methyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)butan-1-one, 2,6-difluorobenzyl alcohol, and 4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)methanol were identified. Methiozolin is metabolized into numerous minor metabolites with potentially low bioaccumulation capacity in ricefish. These findings can facilitate risk assessments regarding methiozolin use, particularly its movements and final stages in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Kim
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Jeong
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kwon
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Hwang
- Moghu Research Center Ltd, B-228, Gajeong-ro 99, Yuseong, Daejeon 34115, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lim
- Moghu Research Center Ltd, B-228, Gajeong-ro 99, Yuseong, Daejeon 34115, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
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Hauser-Davis RA, Ziolli RL. Biliary Fish Proteomics Applied to Environmental Contamination Assessments: A Case Study in Southeastern Brazil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:100-105. [PMID: 33486546 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish bile has been applied as a biomarker for environmental contamination for several decades, and several pollutants are known to be excreted in this matrix. With the advent of the proteomic field, however, the discovery of protein biomarkers of response to pollutants has become the highlight, and fish bile shows very high potential in this regard. A proteomic case study carried out in Southeastern Brazil with mullet bile indicates the importance of assessing bile colour, as different feeding statuses lead to differential proteomic profiles as observed by 2D SDS-PAGE analyses. In addition, several heat-stable proteins displaying a differential gel profile were also observed in tilapia bile when compared a contaminated and reference site. Therefore, the bile proteome displays the potential to offer a more sensitive and informative method to analyse the presence and effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção a Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brasil.
| | - Roberta Lourenço Ziolli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 45822290-240, Brazil
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Jonsson CM, Moura MAM, Ferracini VL, Paraíba LC, Assalin MR, Queiroz SCN. Bioconcentrations of herbicides used in sugarcane crops in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) and the risk for human consumption. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02237. [PMID: 31440593 PMCID: PMC6698878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of intensive herbicide use in the sugarcane industry has a high risk of compromising the quality of the water and the organisms that live there due to losses through runoff, leaching and other processes. In this work, the dynamics of four herbicides present in three different mixtures were evaluated through their incorporation and elimination in the muscle tissue of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The highest mean values of bioconcentration factors were 1.730 for ametryn, 0.891 for tebuthiuron, 0.322 for hexazinone and 4.783 for diuron. Diuron presented the highest risk regarding the consumption of tilapia fillets by the population. However, considering that the fish would reach maximum levels of diuron when exposed to extremely high concentrations, an individual weighing 70 kg would need to ingest approximately 1.5 kg of this food product to surpass the acceptable daily intake of 0.007 mg kg−1 body weight. It was concluded that the risk of injury to the population consuming tilapia fillets from fish exposed to herbicides in water arising from sugarcane activities is very low. According to the risk estimation performed in this work, which is substantiated by the assumptions of the World Health Organization and the International Life Sciences Institute, there is a low risk of injury to the population consuming tilapia fillets from fish exposed to water containing herbicides in concentrations arising from sugarcane activities. However, as the risk was estimated from laboratory conditions, caution should be taken where herbicide applications are carried out with high frequency near water bodies, as the consumption of fish from these areas is quite common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Jonsson
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340 Km 127, 5, Jaguariúna, SP 13918-110, Brazil
| | - Mônica A M Moura
- Instituto Biológico, Centro Avançado de Pesquisa em Proteção de Plantas e Saúde Animal, Alameda dos Vidoeiros, nº 1097, Campinas, SP 13101-680, Brazil
| | - Vera L Ferracini
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340 Km 127, 5, Jaguariúna, SP 13918-110, Brazil
| | - Lourival C Paraíba
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340 Km 127, 5, Jaguariúna, SP 13918-110, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Assalin
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340 Km 127, 5, Jaguariúna, SP 13918-110, Brazil
| | - Sonia C N Queiroz
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340 Km 127, 5, Jaguariúna, SP 13918-110, Brazil
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Isigonis P, Critto A, Zabeo A, Ciffroy P. "AMORE" Decision Support System for probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment - Part II: Effect assessment of the case study on cyanide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1665-1672. [PMID: 30172483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological data are highly important for risk assessment processes and are used for deriving environmental quality criteria, which are enacted for assuring the good quality of waters, soils or sediments and achieving desirable environmental quality objectives. Therefore, it is of significant importance the evaluation of the reliability and relevance of available data for analysing their possible use in the aforementioned processes. In this context, a new methodology which has been developed based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques, is being used, demonstrated and tested for analysing the reliability and relevance of ecotoxicological data of cyanide (which are produced through laboratory biotests for individual effects). The proposed methodology is also used for the production of Weighted by Data Quality Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD-WDQ), as a component of the Ecological Risk Assessment of chemicals in aquatic systems. The SSD-WDQ production resulted in the estimation of environmental quality criteria (hazard concentration affecting 5% and 50% of the species). The proposed work is part of the development of the AMORE Decision Support System (DSS) for the application of probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA), presented in the companion paper (Isigonis et al., 2019). The DSS has been tested through a case study on ERA of cyanide in the watershed of river Selune in France. The paper presents the 'Effect Assessment' of cyanide, based on the aforementioned methodologies. The main results presented in the paper are the probabilistic analysis of the estimated species sensitivity on cyanide (Effect Assessment) and the calculation of Hazardous Concentration (HCx) of the same contaminant in the Selune river area, based on the functionalities of the DSS. The results are described and discussed in detail, with the use of various graphs and indices. The indices are calculated for all the available ecotoxicological data, as well as for the data on trophic levels or taxonomic groups separately. An effect comparison is presented between the innovative methodologies included in the DSS and the currently existing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Isigonis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Critto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy.
| | - Alex Zabeo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy
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Sancho E, Andreau Ó, Villarroel MJ, Fernández-Vega C, Tecles F, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, Ferrando MD. European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) plasma biochemistry alerts about propanil stress. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2017; 42:7-15. [PMID: 30363130 PMCID: PMC6140669 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d16-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Propanil stress response in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) was examined. Eels were exposed to 3.16 mg/L for 72 hr and allowed to recover for 96 hr. Plasma levels of cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, ammonium, lactate, albumin, and total proteins as well as electrolytes (chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus) were determined. As a consequence of exposure, cortisol, AP, AST, and LDH increased. A hyperglycemic condition, together with hyperlactemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycemia was registered. Ammonium increased during exposure concomitantly to hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypokatremia. During recovery, chloride, sodium, potassium, ammonium, albumin and LDH normalized. At the end of the experiment, fish still exhibited hyperglycemia and hyperlactemia. Hypercalcemia was observed. Cholesterol, triglycerides, AP, and AST did not recuperate. These findings are important for assessing potential risks for areas where fish are grown near intensive herbicide use (i.e., paddy fields).
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarna Sancho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) Spain
| | - Óscar Andreau
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) Spain
| | - María J. Villarroel
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Vega
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia) Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia) Spain
| | - José J. Cerón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia) Spain
| | - María D. Ferrando
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia) Spain
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Xiao H, Kuckelkorn J, Nüßer LK, Floehr T, Hennig MP, Roß-Nickoll M, Schäffer A, Hollert H. The metabolite 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) exerts a higher ecotoxicity than the parent compounds 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) and propanil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:304-316. [PMID: 26878642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) is not commercially manufactured but formed as an unwanted by-product in the manufacturing of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) or metabolized from the degradation of chloranilide herbicides, like propanil. While a considerable amount of research has been done concerning the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of propanil and 3,4-DCA, limited information is available on TCAB. Our study examined the toxicity of TCAB in comparison to its parent compounds propanil and 3,4-DCA, using a battery of bioassays including in vitro with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated activity by the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay and micro-EROD, endocrine-disrupting activity with chemically activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) as well as in vivo with fish embryo toxicity (FET) assays with Danio rerio. Moreover, the quantitative structure activity response (QSAR) concepts were applied to simulate the binding affinity of TCAB to certain human receptors. It was shown that TCAB has a strong binding affinity to the AhR in EROD and micro-EROD induction assay, with the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) of 8.7×10(-4) and 1.2×10(-5), respectively. TCAB presented to be a weak endocrine disrupting compound with a value of estradiol equivalence factor (EEF) of 6.4×10(-9) and dihydrotestosterone equivalency factor (DEF) of 1.1×10(-10). No acute lethal effects of TCAB were discovered in FET test after 96h of exposure. Major sub-lethal effects detected were heart oedema, yolk malformation, as well as absence of blood flow and tail deformation. QSAR modelling suggested an elevated risk to environment, particularly with respect to binding to the AhR. An adverse effect potentially triggering ERβ, mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activities might be expected. Altogether, the results obtained suggest that TCAB exerts a higher toxicity than both propanil and 3,4-DCA. This should be considered when assessing the impact of these compounds for the environment and also for regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Kuckelkorn
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leonie Katharina Nüßer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michael Patrick Hennig
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Tiansheng Road Beibei 1, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Tiansheng Road Beibei 1, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Tiansheng Road Beibei 1, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Syberg K, Hansen SF. Environmental risk assessment of chemicals and nanomaterials--The best foundation for regulatory decision-making? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:784-794. [PMID: 26433335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is often considered as the most transparent, objective and reliable decision-making tool for informing the risk management of chemicals and nanomaterials. ERAs are based on the assumption that it is possible to provide accurate estimates of hazard and exposure and, subsequently, to quantify risk. In this paper we argue that since the quantification of risk is dominated by uncertainties, ERAs do not provide a transparent or an objective foundation for decision-making and they should therefore not be considered as a "holy grail" for informing risk management. We build this thesis on the analysis of two case studies (of nonylphenol and nanomaterials) as well as a historical analysis in which we address the scientific foundation for ERAs. The analyses show that ERAs do not properly address all aspects of actual risk, such as the mixture effect and the environmentally realistic risk from nanomaterials. Uncertainties have been recognised for decades, and assessment factors are used to compensate for the lack of realism in ERAs. The assessment factors' values were pragmatically determined, thus lowering the scientific accuracy of the ERAs. Furthermore, the default choice of standard assay for assessing a hazard might not always be the most biologically relevant, so we therefore argue that an ERA should be viewed as a pragmatic decision-making tool among several, and it should not have a special status for informing risk management. In relation to other relevant decision-making tools we discuss the use of chemical alternative assessments (CAAs) and the precautionary principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Syberg
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Denmark.
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- DTU Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Sancho E, Fernández-Vega C, Andreu E, Ferrando MD. Effects of propanil on the European eel Anguilla anguilla and post-exposure recovery using selected biomarkers as effect criteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:704-713. [PMID: 18973941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the physiological response of Anguilla anguilla to propanil and the degree of recovery after being moved to clean water. Preliminary acute toxicity test was carried out in the laboratory and the median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h was calculated as 31.33 mg/L (29.60-33.59 mg/L). NOEC and LOEC values (at 96 h) were also calculated as 20 and 25mg/L, respectively. The fish were exposed to 0.63 and 3.16 mg/L of propanil for 72 h and allowed to recover for 144 h. Total proteins (TPs), gamma-glutamil transpeptidase (gamma-GT), alanin aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and water content (WC) were assayed in muscle and liver tissues, liver somatic index (LSI) was also determined. Liver TPs and gamma-GT activity decreased after propanil exposure while AlAT and LDH increased. Muscular AP, AlAT and proteins decreased in intoxicated eels while LDH and gamma-GT activities increased. WC increased in both tissues after herbicide exposure as well as LSI. These results revealed that propanil affects the intermediary metabolism of A. anguilla and that the assayed enzymes can be used as good biomarkers of herbicide contamination. However a longer recovery period should be necessary to re-establish eel physiology. The parameters measured in the present study can be used as herbicide toxicity indicators and are recommended for environmental monitoring assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sancho
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner-50, E46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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Pereira JL, Mendes CD, Gonçalves F. Short- and long-term responses of Daphnia spp. to propanil exposures in distinct food supply scenarios. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 68:386-96. [PMID: 17150251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread increase of pesticides application in crops frequently leads to the contamination of vicinal freshwater lentic ecosystems. Herbicides such as propanil may impair cladoceran fitness, which is per se strongly influenced by the food availability and/or its acquisition efficiency. This work intended to evaluate the responses of Daphnia magna and three clonal lineages belonging to the Daphnia longispina complex to acute and chronic exposures of the herbicide propanil, as well as to assess whether food availability features these responses. Results showed that the agrochemical was acutely and chronically toxic to both D. magna and the D. cf. longispina clones at the same range of low concentrations, while relevant differences were depicted between the three distinct genotypes belonging to the D. longispina complex. Food-level conditioned the general fitness of the daphnids in the tests but evidences suggest that it does not interfere specifically with the toxicant mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology, CESAM-Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Gómez de Barreda Ferraz D, Sabater C, Carrasco JM. Effects of propanil, tebufenozide and mefenacet on growth of four freshwater species of phytoplankton: a microplate bioassay. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 56:315-320. [PMID: 15183992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Revised: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Albufera Natural Park situated in Valencia (Spain), with a very rich flora and fauna is surrounded by rice fields in which pesticide spraying is a regular practice. With this in mind, the sensitivity of four algal species, Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella saccharophila to pesticides propanil, tebufenozide and mefenacet was studied using single species toxicity tests. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations of these herbicides and the algal growth was measured in a microplate reader at 410 nm, at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. Tebufenozide appeared to be the most inhibitory to Scenedesmus and Chlorella species growth. 72 h EC50 of propanil, tebufenozide and mefenacet ranged from 0.29 to 5.98 mg/l, 0.12 to 0.15 mg/l and from 0.25 to 0.67 mg/l, respectively for the four algal species. The two species of Chlorella were more tolerant than the two species of Scenedesmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gómez de Barreda Ferraz
- Plant Production Department, ETSMRE, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Schlenk D, Moore CT. Distribution and elimination of the herbicide propanil in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Xenobiotica 1993; 23:1017-24. [PMID: 8291261 DOI: 10.3109/00498259309057040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. The uptake, elimination and tissue distribution of total radioactivity derived from the herbicide, [14C]propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide) and its metabolites were examined in individual farm-raised Channel Catfish which were exposed for 24 h to water containing 1 ppm of 14C-propanil under static conditions. Uptake and elimination of total radioactivity was monitored in individual animals over time in respective exposure (24 h) and depurating (144 h) aquaria. 2. Maximal uptake was reached between 8 and 12 h with approx. 38% of the absorbed radioactivity remaining in the animal after 144 h of depuration. Whole body depuration of radioactivity was biphasic with alpha and beta half-lives of 20 and 444 h, respectively. 3. Tissue distribution of total radioactivity was monitored at various time points in 12 tissues and bile over 48 h. Intestine, abdominal fat and liver possessed the greatest levels of radioactivity per gram of tissue over time. Radiolabel was shown to slowly increase in bile and intestine indicating biliary excretion as a possible pathway of metabolite elimination. 4. Bile possessed approx. 104 nmol (23%) of the remaining radioactivity in fish after 48 h. Other whole tissues possessing > 10% of radiolabel after 48 h were blood (83.5 nmol, 19% of the administered dose) and muscle (190 nmol, 43%).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schlenk
- Division of Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205
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