1
|
Dhanasekaran S, Biswas M, Vignesh AR, Ramya R, Raj GD, Tirumurugaan KG, Raja A, Kataria RS, Parida S, Subbiah E. Toll-like receptor responses to Peste des petits ruminants virus in goats and water buffalo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111609. [PMID: 25369126 PMCID: PMC4219731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine rinderpest or goat plague is an economically important and contagious viral disease of sheep and goats, caused by the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Differences in susceptibility to goat plague among different breeds and water buffalo exist. The host innate immune system discriminates between pathogen associated molecular patterns and self antigens through surveillance receptors known as Toll like receptors (TLR). We investigated the role of TLR and cytokines in differential susceptibility of goat breeds and water buffalo to PPRV. We examined the replication of PPRV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Indian domestic goats and water buffalo and demonstrated that the levels of TLR3 and TLR7 and downstream signalling molecules correlation with susceptibility vs resistance. Naturally susceptible goat breeds, Barbari and Tellichery, had dampened innate immune responses to PPRV and increased viral loads with lower basal expression levels of TLR 3/7. Upon stimulation of PBMC with synthetic TLR3 and TLR7 agonists or PPRV, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were found to be significantly higher while immunosuppressive interleukin (IL) 10 levels were lower in PPRV resistant Kanni and Salem Black breeds and water buffalo at transcriptional level, correlating with reduced viralloads in infected PBMC. Water buffalo produced higher levels of interferon (IFN) α in comparison with goats at transcriptional and translational levels. Pre-treatment of Vero cells with human IFNα resulted in reduction of PPRV replication, confirming the role of IFNα in limiting PPRV replication. Treatment with IRS66, a TLR7 antagonist, resulted in the reduction of IFNα levels, with increased PPRV replication confirming the role of TLR7. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of TLR7 of these goat breeds did not show any marked nucleotide differences that might account for susceptibility vs resistance to PPRV. Analyzing other host genetic factors might provide further insights on susceptibility to PPRV and genetic polymorphisms in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Dhanasekaran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ambothi R. Vignesh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Ramya
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Dhinakar Raj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaswamy G. Tirumurugaan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angamuthu Raja
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit S. Kataria
- Animal Genetics Division, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | - Satya Parida
- Head of FMD Vaccine Differentiation Group, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SP); (ES)
| | - Elankumaran Subbiah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SP); (ES)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leroy M, Baise E, Pire G, Gérardin J, Desmecht D. Resistance of Paramyxoviridae to Type I Interferon-InducedBos taurusMx1 Dynamin. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2005; 25:192-201. [PMID: 15812245 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2005.25.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical targets of type I interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral Mx proteins known to date have been shown to share a common profile: single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses. Among them, human MxA is known to interfere with the replication of measles, human, and bovine parainfluenza-3 viruses (BoPi3V), that is, three members of the Paramyxoviridae family. Recently, bovine Mx1 protein (BoMx1) was included in the group of Mx proteins with authenticated antiviral potential, as it dramatically represses the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). As replication in bovine cells of Pi3, respiratory syncytial (RS), and Sendai (Se) viruses, all members of the same family, is known to be reduced on IFN-alpha incorporation into the culture medium, it was hypothesized that the BoMx1 pathway possibly was involved, its antiviral spectrum thus probably extending to Paramyxoviridae. In this study, probing of BoMx1-inhibiting effects was carried out by infecting a transgenic Vero cell line that allows tightly regulated conditional expression of BoMx1 after doxycycline treatment with a wide array of Paramyxoviridae. Expressing and nonexpressing cells displayed similar viability, cytopathic effects (CPEs), and amounts of infectious virus yields, whatever the infecting virus or the multiplicity of infection (moi) imposed. It is, therefore, concluded that BoMx1 does not interfere with Paramyxoviridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leroy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Czuprynski CJ, Castleman WL. Effects of 4-ipomeanol on bovine alveolar macrophage function. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 58:133-45. [PMID: 9336881 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether 4-ipomeanol toxicosis in calves impairs alveolar macrophage functions important in pulmonary defense against infectious agents. Male Holstein calves were given either 4-ipomeanol (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) or vehicle (polyethylene glycol 400). Alveolar macrophages were recovered by pulmonary lavage 3 days later, and their capacities to phagocytose and kill E. coli, migrate toward zymosan-activated immune bovine serum, and produce interferon and interleukin-1 activity were evaluated in vitro. Alveolar macrophages recovered from 4-ipomeanol-treated calves had over a 70% decrease (p < 0.01) in chemotactic activity and over a 37% decrease (p < 0.005) in their capacity to phagocytose E. coli as compared to macrophages from control calves. Interleukin-1 activity in macrophages from 4-ipomeanol-treated calves tended to be higher than that from control calves, but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.06). 4-ipomeanol did not affect macrophage bactericidal activity or production of interferon. These results indicate that 4-ipomeanol suppresses select functions of alveolar macrophages in cattle that may be important in pulmonary defense against bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh AK, Sidhu GS, Friedman RM, Maheshwari RK. Mechanism of enhancement of the antiviral action of interferon against herpes simplex virus-1 by chloroquine. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996; 16:725-31. [PMID: 8887057 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1996.16.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using double immunofluorescence, we have shown previously that interferon (IFN) treatment inhibits the transport of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) gD from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane in the virus infected and gD cDNA transfected LMtk-cells. In the present study, we quantitated the gD protein on the cell surface and localized the gD protein in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The results showed 10-fold less fluorescence for the gD protein on the cell surface in IFN-treated LMtk-cells. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated that gD was associated with TGN-enriched membranes. Gold labeling for DAMP distribution using electron microscopy showed that IFN raised the pH of TGN. IFNs induced alkalinization of TGN may be related to the block in the transport of HSV-1 gD. Earlier we reported that a subeffective dose of chloroquine (CHL) or IFN does not change the pHi. However, both CHL and IFN together raise the pHi significantly. To study the biologic significance of the finding, the effect of these subeffective doses of IFN and CHL on the antiviral activity and the transport of the gD protein was studied. Results suggested that CHL enhance the antiviral activity of IFN against HSV-1 and concomitantly increase the inhibition of HSV-1 gD transport. This IFN-induced increase in pHi of the TGN may also explain the inhibitory effect of IFN reported on the terminal steps of some of the enveloped viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maheshwari RK, Sidhu GS, Singh AK, Sivaram SS, Kinchington PR, Hay J, Friedman RM. Defective transport of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein in interferon-treated cells: role of intracellular pH. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1994; 14:319-24. [PMID: 7897250 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1994.14.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism(s) of interferon (IFN)-induced inhibition of assembly steps of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in mouse LB cells. Data showed that physiological doses of mouse IFN-beta (10-100 IU/ml) significantly inhibited the infectivity (5- to 100-fold) of HSV-1; however, viral protein synthesis was marginally inhibited (2- to 5-fold). Immunofluorescence studies showed that most of the HSV-1gD glycoprotein accumulated intracellularly in IFN-treated LB and LMtk- cells transfected with gD cDNA, as compared to untreated controls, where most of the gD was localized on the plasma membrane. Double-immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that rhodamine-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was co-localized with gD protein, suggesting the block was in the transport from the trans-Golgi to the plasma membrane. IFN treatment of LB and LMtk- cells raised the intracellular pH as measured by DAMP distribution and SNARF-1 using laser spectroscopy; this could play an important role in the inhibition of transport of HSV-1gD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panigrahi P, Mohanty SB. Defective transport of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in interferon treated cell. Arch Virol 1989; 109:125-33. [PMID: 2482015 DOI: 10.1007/bf01310524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A defective transport of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein was evidenced in interferon (IFN)-treated bovine turbinate (BTu) cells. Indirect immunofluorescence performed with monoclonal antibody to PI-3 HN glycoprotein demonstrated accumulation of this protein in the perinuclear cytoplasm of IFN-treated cells. Untreated, infected control cells had a generalized widespread fluorescence. Unfixed control cells showed a uniform surface fluorescence in contrast to a few specs of fluorescence on the plasma membrane of IFN-treated cells. Electron microscopic localization of HN protein was done by immuno-gold ultrastructural cytochemistry. Untreated cells had uniform gold label on the plasma membrane and around the budding virus particles with no label in the cytoplasm. In IFN-treated cells, however, there was an accumulation of gold particles in the cytoplasm with only a few particles on the cell surface. Quantitative analysis of HN protein on the cell surface by solid phase radioimmune-assay revealed a greater amount of this protein on the surface of control cells, than those on the IFN-treated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park
| | | |
Collapse
|