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Bavaro SL, Susca A, Frisvad JC, Tufariello M, Chytiri A, Perrone G, Mita G, Logrieco AF, Bleve G. Isolation, Characterization, and Selection of Molds Associated to Fermented Black Table Olives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1356. [PMID: 28769914 PMCID: PMC5513898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Table olives are one of the most important fermented food in the Mediterranean countries. Apart from lactic acid bacteria and yeasts that mainly conduct the olive fermentation, molds can develop on the brine surface, and can have either deleterious or useful effects on this process. From the food safety point of view, occurring molds could also produce mycotoxins, so, it is important to monitor and control them. In this respect, identification of molds associated to two Italian and two Greek fermented black table olives cultivars, was carried out. Sixty strains were isolated and molecularly identified as Penicillium crustosum (21), P. roqueforti (29), P. paneum (1), P. expansum (6), P. polonicum (2), P. commune (1). A group of 20 selected isolates was subjected to technological (beta-glucosidase, cellulolytic, ligninolytic, pectolytic, and xylanolytic activities; proteolytic enzymes) and safety (biogenic amines and secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins) characterization. Combining both technological (presence of desired and absence of undesired enzymatic activities) and safety aspects (no or low production of biogenic amines and regulated mycotoxins), it was possible to select six strains with biotechnological interest. These are putative candidates for future studies as autochthonous co-starters with yeasts and lactic acid bacteria for black table olive production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona L Bavaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariBari, Italy
| | - Antonia Susca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariBari, Italy
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Tufariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariLecce, Italy
| | - Agathi Chytiri
- Section of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of IoanninaIoannina, Greece
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariBari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariLecce, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariBari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bleve
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariLecce, Italy
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Techer C, Daoud A, Madec MN, Gautier M, Jan S, Baron F. Microbial quality of industrial liquid egg white: assumptions on spoiling issues in egg-based chilled desserts. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M389-98. [PMID: 25588552 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a 1st step, this study aimed at investigating the microbial quality of liquid egg white in a French egg processing company. Thirty raw and 33 pasteurized liquid egg white samples were analyzed. Pasteurization was globally found efficient on mesophilic contaminants (1.7 ± 1.6 and 0.8 ± 0.9 log CFU/mL in raw and pasteurized samples, respectively), including for the control of Salmonella. However, Gram-positive enterococci were still detected in the pasteurized samples. As a 2nd step, a representative bacterial collection was built for exploring the spoilage issue in egg-based chilled desserts. Custard cream was chosen as growth medium since this food is widely used for the production of French chilled desserts. All of the 166 isolates of the bacterial collection were shown to be able to grow and to induce spoilage of the custard cream at refrigeration temperature (10 °C). Several spoilage types were highlighted in the custard cream, on the basis of changes regarding pH, consistency, production of holes or gas. As a 3rd step, bacterial enzymatic activities were explored on custard cream-based agar media. The bacterial collection was reduced to 43 isolates, based on further selection regarding the genera and the spoilage types previously highlighted. Albeit to different degrees, all these isolates were able to produce proteases. A large part of these isolates also expressed lipolytic and amylolytic activities. This study emphasizes the need to control egg white contamination and especially with Gram-positive heat-resistant Enterococi, in order to guarantee the shelf life of egg-based chilled desserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Techer
- Equipe Microbiologie de l'Oeuf et des Ovoproduits (Micov), UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, F-35042, Rennes, France
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Chai EW, H'ng PS, Peng SH, Wan-Azha WM, Chin KL, Chow MJ, Wong WZ. Compost feedstock characteristics and ratio modelling for organic waste materials co-composting in Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2859-2866. [PMID: 24527651 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.795988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Malaysia, large amounts of organic materials, which lead to disposal problems, are generated from agricultural residues especially from palm oil industries. Increasing landfill costs and regulations, which limit many types of waste accepted at landfills, have increased the interest in composting as a component of waste management. The objectives of this study were to characterize compost feedstock properties of common organic waste materials available in Malaysia. Thus, a ratio modelling of matching ingredients for empty fruit bunches (EFBs) co-composting using different organic materials in Malaysia was done. Organic waste materials with a C/N ratio of < 30 can be applied as a nitrogen source in EFB co-composting. The outcome of this study suggested that the percentage of EFB ranged between 50% and 60%, which is considered as the ideal mixing ratio in EFB co-composting. Conclusively, EFB can be utilized in composting if appropriate feedstock in term of physical and chemical characteristics is coordinated in the co-composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Chai
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P S H'ng
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S H Peng
- All Cosmos Industries Sdn Bhd, PLO 539 Jalan Keluli, Pasir Gudang Industrial Estate, 81700 Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia
| | - W M Wan-Azha
- All Cosmos Industries Sdn Bhd, PLO 539 Jalan Keluli, Pasir Gudang Industrial Estate, 81700 Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia
| | - K L Chin
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M J Chow
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W Z Wong
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kalemelawa F, Nishihara E, Endo T, Ahmad Z, Yeasmin R, Tenywa MM, Yamamoto S. An evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic composting of banana peels treated with different inoculums for soil nutrient replenishment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:375-382. [PMID: 22608289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of aerobic and anaerobic composting of inoculated banana peels, and assess the agronomic value of banana peel-based compost. Changes in the chemical composition under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were examined for four formulations of banana peel-based wastes over a period of 12 weeks. The formulations i.e. plain banana peel (B), and a mixture with either cow dung (BC), poultry litter (BP) or earthworm (BE) were separately composted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions under laboratory conditions. Inoculation with either cow dung or poultry litter significantly facilitated mineralization in the order: BP>BC>B. The rate of decomposition was significantly faster under aerobic than in anaerobic composting conditions. The final composts contained high K (>100 g kg(-1)) and TN (>2%), indicating high potential as a source of K and N fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kalemelawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Koyama-minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Yañez R, Bueno P, Rivera A, García-Barneto A, Díaz MJ. Selective organic compounds degradation under controlling composting conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:755-763. [PMID: 20138497 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter stabilization resulted from the decrease of cellulose, xylan, arabinan, acetyl groups, glucuronic acids, galacturonic acids (easily biodegradable fractions) and the increase of lignin (resistant compound) and humic substances coming from the initial wastes have been studied. A central composite experimental design was used to investigate the influence of environmental composting parameters (moisture, aeration and particle size) on organic matter evolution. The organic matter evolution was clearly influenced by the studied composting parameters. All results were concordant, with an increase of humic substances and lignin and a decrease of the rest of the cellulose and hemicellulose compounds. Lower cellulose, xylan, acetyl groups and glucuronic acids contents (higher degradation) have been observed under low particle size (1cm) and higher moisture content (70%). However lower lignin and higher humic substances under medium (3cm) to low particle size and low moisture content (40%) have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yañez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Oruense, Spain
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Ros M, García C, Hernández T. A full-scale study of treatment of pig slurry by composting: kinetic changes in chemical and microbial properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 26:1108-18. [PMID: 16293406 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the indiscriminate disposal of pig slurry can cause not only air pollution and bad odours but also nutrient pollution of ground waters and superficial waters, composting is sometimes used as one environmentally acceptable method for recycling pig manure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of composting pig slurry on its sanitation (evaluated by ecotoxicity assays and pathogen content determination), as well as to determine the effect of a carbon-rich bulking agent (wood shavings, WS) and the starting C/N ratio on the changes undergone by different chemical (volatile organic matter, C and N fractions) and microbiological (microbial biomass C, ATP, dehydrogenase activity, urease, protease, phosphatase, and beta-glucosidase activities) parameters during composting. Pig slurry mixed with bulking agent (P+WS) and the solid faction separated from it, both with (PSF+WS) and without bulking agent (PSF), were composted for 13 weeks. Samples for analysis were taken from composting piles at the start of the process and at 3, 6, 9, and 13 weeks after the beginning of composting. The total organic carbon, water soluble C and ammonium content decreased with composting, while Kjeldahl N and nitrate content increased. The nitrification process in the PSF+WS pile was more intense than in the PSF or P+WS composting piles. The pathogen content decreased with composting, as did phytotoxic compounds, while the germination index increased with compost age. Piles with bulking agent showed higher values of basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, ATP and hydrolase activities during the composting process than piles without bulking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ros
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Management of Organic Wastes, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
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Nakamura K, Haruta S, Nguyen HL, Ishii M, Igarashi Y. Enzyme production-based approach for determining the functions of microorganisms within a community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:3329-37. [PMID: 15184128 PMCID: PMC427761 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.6.3329-3337.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of specific microorganisms in a microbial community were investigated during the composting process. Cerasibacillus quisquiliarum strain BLx(T) and Bacillus thermoamylovorans strain BTa were isolated and characterized in our previous studies based on their dominance in the composting system. Strain BLx(T) degrades gelatin, while strain BTa degrades starch. We hypothesized that these strains play roles in gelatinase and amylase production, respectively. The relationship between changes in the abundance ratios of each strain and those of each enzyme activity during the composting process was examined to address this hypothesis. The increase in gelatinase activity in the compost followed a dramatic increase in the abundance ratio of strain BLx(T). Zymograph analysis demonstrated that the pattern of active gelatinase bands from strain BLx(T) was similar to that from the compost. Gelatinases from both BLx(T) and compost were partially purified and compared. Homologous N-terminal amino acid sequences were found in one of the gelatinases from strain BLx(T) and that of compost. These results indicate strain BLx(T) produces gelatinases during the composting process. Meanwhile, the increase in the abundance ratio of strain BTa was not concurrent with that of amylase activity in the compost. Moreover, the amylase activity pattern of strain BTa on the zymogram was different from that of the compost sample. These results imply that strain BTa may not produce amylases during the composting process. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the function of a specific microorganism is directly linked to a function in the community, as determined by culture-independent and enzyme-level approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Manios T. The composting potential of different organic solid wastes: experience from the island of Crete. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2004; 29:1079-1089. [PMID: 14680891 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For the past 20 years, the National Foundation for Agricultural Research in Crete and the School of Agricultural Technology of the Technological and Educational Institute of Crete have been involved in a number of research and development activities, related to the production and evaluation of compost derived from a variety of local solid, mainly agricultural organic wastes. Materials such as olive press cake, olive tree leaves (OTL) and branches, vine branches (VB), pressed grape skins (PGS), pig manure (PM), sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) have been evaluated for their behaviour during composting, their compatibility in mixtures and the quality of the end product. The quality evaluation included both a detailed physiochemical (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nutrients concentration, heavy metal concentration, etc.) and biological analyses (pathogenic microorganisms). It also included an agronomic evaluation, in which composts were used either as a soil amendment or as a component for substrates in open air or covered (greenhouse) cultivation mainly of local vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.). All materials were composted successfully, especially when mixed. The end products contained large amounts of organic matter, usually combined with an increased EC value. Pressed grape skins should be considered as the ideal raw material, producing a high quality compost, with the lowest EC value (1.57 mS cm(-1)) and the largest organic matter concentration (84.50%), compared to all other materials. When any of the produced compost was used in a ratio of 30% by volume (v/v), it increased plant growth, whereas in larger volumes, it presented phytotoxic behaviour, inhibiting both root and shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manios
- School of Agricultural Technology, Technological and Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, 71500, Crete, Greece.
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Tiquia SM, Wan JH, Tam NF. Extracellular enzyme profiles during co-composting of poultry manure and yard trimmings. Process Biochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(00)00281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Johri BN, Jain S, Chouhan S. Enzymes from thermophilic fungi: Proteases and lipases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03053136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chamier AC, Dixon P. Effect of calcium-ion concentration on leaf maceration by Tetrachaetum elegans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1536(83)80100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Küster E. Bedeutung der Aktinomyceten für den Abbau von Cellulose, Lignin und Huminstoffen im Boden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19791420309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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