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Cifuentes M, Vahid F, Devaux Y, Bohn T. Biomarkers of food intake and their relevance to metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38904169 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a prevalent risk factor associated with non communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A major factor impacting the etiology of MetS is diet. Dietary patterns and several individual food constituents have been related to the risk of developing MetS or have been proposed as adjuvant treatment. However, traditional methods of dietary assessment such as 24 h recalls rely greatly on intensive user-interaction and are subject to bias. Hence, more objective methods are required for unbiased dietary assessment and efficient prevention. While it is accepted that some dietary-derived constituents in blood plasma are indicators for certain dietary patterns, these may be too unstable (such as vitamin C as a marker for fruits/vegetables) or too broad (e.g. polyphenols for plant-based diets) or reflect too short-term intake only to allow for strong associations with prolonged intake of individual food groups. In the present manuscript, commonly employed biomarkers of intake including those related to specific food items (e.g. genistein for soybean or astaxanthin and EPA for fish intake) and novel emerging ones (e.g. stable isotopes for meat intake or microRNA for plant foods) are emphasized and their suitability as biomarker for food intake discussed. Promising alternatives to plasma measures (e.g. ethyl glucuronide in hair for ethanol intake) are also emphasized. As many biomarkers (i.e. secondary plant metabolites) are not limited to dietary assessment but are also capable of regulating e.g. anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, special attention will be given to biomarkers presenting a double function to assess both dietary patterns and MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cifuentes
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
- Doctoral School in Science and Engineering, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l'Université, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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2
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Mondal DD, Chakraborty U, Bera M, Ghosh S, Kar D. An overview of nutritional profiling in foods: Bioanalytical techniques and useful protocols. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1124409. [PMID: 37025612 PMCID: PMC10070841 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1124409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a nutritious diet is essential for humans if they want to live a healthier life. Several food businesses and food safety organizations play a significant role and offer useful ways for improving nutritional quality that assists consumers in making informed selections. Making poor food choices and consuming unhealthy meals are the main causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Nutritional profiling (NP) models are developed to evaluate the nutritional value, calorie content, and the amount of micronutrients and macronutrients contained in a given food accompanied by additional details on the nutritional anomaly provided by published standard nutrients and nutritional databases. To construct an ideal nutritional model that can facilitate food consumption, bioanalytical methods such as chromatography, microscopic techniques, molecular assays, and metabolomics can be applied. With the use of these technologies, one can learn more about the health advantages of nutrition and how to prevent disease. A wider element of NP is also provided by the developing technologies in the area of nutrition research, such as nanotechnology, proteomics, and microarray technology. In this review, we are focusing on the different bioanalytical techniques and the various protocols of NP and their application and refinement of the models. We have evaluated various NP techniques currently used in the food industry for the detection of different components present in food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Duhita Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ushashi Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Manotosh Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhrojyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasish Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Debasish Kar
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3
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Zaaboul F, Liu Y. Vitamin E in foodstuff: Nutritional, analytical, and food technology aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:964-998. [PMID: 35181987 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a group of isoprenoid chromanols with different biological activities. It comprises eight oil-soluble compounds: four tocopherols, namely, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols; and four tocotrienols, namely, α-, β-, γ, and δ-tocotrienols. Vitamin E isomers are well-known for their antioxidant activity, gene-regulation effects, and anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective properties. Considering that vitamin E is exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, animals can only acquire it through their diet. Plant-based food is the primary source of vitamin E; hence, oils, nuts, fruits, and vegetables with high contents of vitamin E are mostly consumed after processing, including industrial processes and home-cooking, which involve vitamin E profile and content alteration during their preparation. Accordingly, it is essential to identify the vitamin E content and profile in foodstuff to match daily intake requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in vitamin E chemistry, metabolism and metabolites, current knowledge on their contents and profiles in raw and processed plant foods, and finally, their modern developments in analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zaaboul
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
| | - YuanFa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
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Nascimento NN, Vieira AC, Tardioli PW, Bergamasco R, Vieira AMS. Valorization of soybean oil residue through advanced technology of graphene oxide modified membranes for tocopherol recovery. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Novelli Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Centre of Agrarian Sciences State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790 Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering State University of Maringá Maringá PR Brazil
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Shahidi F, Pinaffi-Langley ACC, Fuentes J, Speisky H, de Camargo AC. Vitamin E as an essential micronutrient for human health: Common, novel, and unexplored dietary sources. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:312-321. [PMID: 34610363 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E comprises a group of vitamers that includes tocopherols and tocotrienols. They occur in four homologues according to the number and position of methyl groups attached to the chromanol ring. Vitamin E, a liposoluble antioxidant, may participate as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, neurological, and aging-related diseases. Furthermore, vitamin E has applications in the food industry as a natural additive. In this contribution, the most recent information on the dietary sources of vitamin E, including common, novel, and unexplored sources, is presented. Common edible oils, such as those of corn, olive, palm, rice bran, and peanut, represent the most prominent sources of vitamin E. However, specialty and underutilized oils such as those obtained from tree nuts, fruit seeds, and by-products, emerge as novel sources of this important micronutrient. Complementary studies should examine the tocotrienol content of vitamin E dietary sources to better understand the different biological functions of these vitamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9 Canada.
| | | | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Tang C, Tao G, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li J. Identification of α-Tocopherol and Its Oxidation Products by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:669-677. [PMID: 31855428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine α-tocopherol (α-T) and its thermal oxidation products simultaneously. A novel method based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was developed. This approach was achieved by means of a BEH C18 analytical column under gradient elution conditions with eluents of acetonitrile/isopropanol (1:9, v/v) and acetonitrile/water (4:6, v/v). Compounds were elucidated through exact molecular mass and fragmentation ions obtained from the Q-TOF-MS detector. Two oxidation products, α-tocopheryl quinone and 5-formyl-γ-tocopherol, were identified, and one new compound was determined. This approach offered a simple, precise, and reliable method to determine oxidation products of α-T, which may give a way to understand the mechanism of the thermal oxidative process of α-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Lu D, Yang D, Yin S, Zhang J, Zheng B, Li Y, Sun C. A Rapid and Sensitive HPLC-FLD Method for the Determination of Retinol and Vitamin E Isomers in Human Serum. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180419144814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Retinol and vitamin E are fat-soluble vitamins crucial for human health, yet
their isomers’ distributions in the human body are still known roughly. In order to figure out the physical
condition and evaluate the nutritional status of an individual, it is imperative to analyze retinol and
VE isomers in human serum.
Objective:
This work aims to establish a rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography
with fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of retinol and vitamin E isomers in human
serum.
Methods:
Separation was accomplished on a common C18 column thermostated at 25 oC, using a simple
isocratic elution program of methanol/acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence
detection was operated using excitation/emission wavelengths of 329 nm/472 nm for retinol and
294 nm/338 nm for VE isomers, respectively.
Results:
Rapid separation was achieved within 13 min. Linear ranges of the method were 0.020-50.0
µg/mL, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. Detection limits and the quantification limits
were 0.001-0.004 µg/mL and 0.003- 0.013 µg/mL, respectively. Mean recoveries were 84.1%- 98.2%,
with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations less than 12.3% and 13.6%, respectively. This
method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of retinol and 8 VE isomers in human serum
samples with satisfactory results.
Conclusion:
A rapid, simple and robust method was developed for routine analysis of retinol and eight
vitamin E isomers in human serum, providing a useful tool for clinical diagnosis and nutritional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Danni Yang
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Bartosińska E, Borsuk-De Moor A, Siluk D, Markuszewski MJ, Wiczling P. Ionization of tocopherols and tocotrienols in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:919-927. [PMID: 29578620 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tocopherols and tocotrienols are chemical compounds insusceptible to the ionization process under atmospheric pressure conditions. Therefore, the selection of the optimal ion source settings for their quantification requires special attention. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the APCI source parameters on the response of tocochromanols and two related compounds. METHODS Standard solutions of target compounds were injected on the high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/APCI-MS/MS) system separately and analysed with 30 randomly selected ion source settings. The obtained responses were modelled by multivariate linear regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The developed models were used to choose the best APCI conditions. RESULTS Multivariate linear models were built for eight tocochromanols, trolox and BHT. The APCI settings derived from the models did not increase the peak areas obtained for T and T3 during the ionization process. Ionization conditions based on models for trolox and BHT improved analytical responses by 12-36% and 4-32%, respectively. The application of the ion source settings optimal for trolox and BHT to tocochromanols did not result in better analytical responses. CONCLUSIONS The ionization pattern of tocochromanols in the APCI source is problematic and should be further investigated. Modelling methodology for response improvement presented in this study can be applied in similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bartosińska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borsuk-De Moor
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Siluk
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał J Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Wiczling
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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9
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Bartosińska E, Jacyna J, Borsuk-De Moor A, Kaliszan M, Kruszewski WJ, Jankowski Z, Siluk D. HPLC-APCI-MS/MS method development and validation for determination of tocotrienols in human breast adipose tissue. Talanta 2018; 176:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Tocopherols and tocotrienols in plants and their products: A review on methods of extraction, chromatographic separation, and detection. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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GC-MS and LC-MS approaches for determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in biological and food matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:156-69. [PMID: 26964480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols and tocotrienols, widely described as vitamin E derivatives, have been proven to take part in a number of important biological functions. Among them, antioxidant properties had been investigated and documented in the literature. Since tocochromanols have revealed their plausible beneficial impact on several pathological processes, such as cancerogenesis or cognitive impairment diseases, there is a growing interest in quantitative determination of these compounds in biological fluids, tissues and plant organs. However, due to vitamin E chemical features, such as lipophilic and non-polar characteristics, quantitative determination of the compounds seems to be problematic. In this paper we present current analytical approaches in tocopherols and tocotrienols determination in biological and food matrices with the use of chromatographic techniques, especially gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry. Derivatization techniques applied for GC-MS analysis in the case of tocol derivatives, especially silylation and acylation, are described. Significant attention is paid to ionization process of tocopherols and tocotrienols.
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12
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Simultaneous HPLC–DAD Determination of Retinol and Eight Vitamin E Isomers in Human Serum. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Knecht K, Sandfuchs K, Kulling SE, Bunzel D. Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis in raw and cooked vegetables: a validated method with emphasis on sample preparation. Food Chem 2014; 169:20-7. [PMID: 25236193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables can be important dietary sources of vitamin E. However, data on vitamin E in raw and cooked vegetables are in part conflicting, indicating analytical pitfalls. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate an HPLC-FLD method for tocochromanol (tocopherols and tocotrienols) analysis equally suitable for raw and cooked vegetables. Significant instability of tocochromanols was observed in raw broccoli and carrot homogenates. Tocochromanols could be stabilized by freeze-drying or ascorbic acid addition prior to homogenization. The optimized protocol for tocochromanol analysis included knife and ball milling of freeze-dried vegetable pieces. Direct acetone extraction of vegetable powders allowed for satisfactory recoveries and precisions. A significant decrease of tocochromanols in baked compared to raw vegetables was shown, the extent of which varied largely between vegetables. For some raw vegetables, such as spinach or broccoli, underestimation of vitamin E in nutrient databases cannot be ruled out and should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Knecht
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katja Sandfuchs
- Department of Nutritional Behavior, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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14
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Abro K, Memon N, Bhanger MI, Abro S, Perveen S, Lagharì AH. Determination of Vitamins E, D3, and K1 in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Utilizing a Monolithic Column. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.831424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Viñas P, Bravo-Bravo M, López-García I, Pastor-Belda M, Hernández-Córdoba M. Pressurized liquid extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in plant foods by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry detection. Talanta 2013; 119:98-104. [PMID: 24401390 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were used to isolate and preconcentrate tocopherols and tocotrienols from plant foods. The Taguchi experimental method was used to optimize the six factors (three levels for each factor), affecting DLLME, namely: carbon tetrachloride volume, methanol volume, aqueous sample volume, pH of sample, sodium chloride concentration and time of the centrifugation step. The influencing parameters selected were 2 mL of methanol:isopropanol (1:1) (disperser solvent), 150 µL carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent) and 10 mL aqueous solution. The organic phase was injected into reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of an 85:15 (v/v) methanol:water mixture and a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. Detection was carried out using both fluorescence and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) in negative ion mode. Quantification was carried out by the standard addition method. Detection limits were in the range 0.2-0.3 ng mL(-1) for the vitamers with base-line resolution. The recoveries obtained using the optimized DLLME were in the 90-108% range, with RSDs lower than 6.7%. The APCI-MS spectra, in combination with fluorescence spectra, permitted the correct identification of compounds in the vegetable and fruit samples. The method was validated according to international guidelines and using two certified reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Bravo-Bravo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio López-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Rimmer CA, Putzbach K, Sharpless KE, Sander LC, Yen JH. Preparation and certification of standard reference material 3278 tocopherols in edible oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6794-6798. [PMID: 22686411 DOI: 10.1021/jf2051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3278 Tocopherols in Edible Oils has been issued for use as a quality assurance tool in the measurement of tocopherols. Like other natural-matrix SRMs, this material can be used in method validation or in assignment of tocopherol values to in-house quality control materials. Because most edible oils contain one predominant tocopherol isoform, the SRM is a blend of sunflower, soy, canola, and safflower oils to provide roughly comparable chromatographic peak heights of the two main tocopherols, γ and α, with smaller amounts of δ and β. The four tocopherol isoforms were determined by three independent liquid chromatography methods with absorbance and fluorescence detection. Various chromatographic and detection modes are used for assignment of certified values because biases inherent to one method should not be present in the other, and the existence of bias can therefore be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, United States
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17
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Irakli MN, Samanidou VF, Papadoyannis IN. Optimization and validation of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for the separation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in cereals, employing a novel sorbent material. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2076-2082. [PMID: 22324450 DOI: 10.1021/jf204470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The separation and determination of tocopherols (Ts) and tocotrienols (T3s) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. Analytes were separated on a PerfectSil Target ODS-3 (250 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column filled with a novel sorbent material of ultrapure silica gel. The separation of Ts and T3s was optimized in terms of mobile-phase composition and column temperature on the basis of the best compromise among efficiency, resolution, and analysis time. Using a gradient elution of mobile phase composed of isopropanol/water and 7 °C column temperature, a satisfactory resolution was achieved within 62 min. For the quantitative determination, α-T acetate (50 μg/mL) was used as the internal standard. Detection limits ranged from 0.27 μg/mL (γ-T) to 0.76 μg/mL (γ-T3). The validation of the method was examined performing intraday (n = 5) and interday (n = 3) assays and was found to be satisfactory, with high accuracy and precision results. Solid-phase extraction provided high relative extraction recoveries from cereal samples: 87.0% for γ-T3 and 115.5% for δ-T. The method was successfully applied to cereals, such as durum wheat, bread wheat, rice, barley, oat, rye, and corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Irakli
- Cereal Institute, National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Seker ME, Celik A, Dost K. Determination of Vitamin E Isomers of Grape Seeds By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:97-101. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Gong Y, Plander S, Xu H, Simandi B, Gao Y. Supercritical CO₂extraction of oleoresin from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers and determination of its antioxidant components with online HPLC-ABTS(·+) assay. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2875-2881. [PMID: 21744358 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marigold is a traditional medicine herb which shows good pharmacological activity in many aspects. It is very important to obtain and investigate the specific bioactive compounds from marigold. The objective of the study was to extract the oleoresin from marigold with supercritical CO(2) (SC-CO(2) ) at different pressures and temperatures, detect the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and investigate the antioxidative components in the extracts by combined online high-performance liquid chromatography-2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (HPLC-ABTS(•+) ) post-column assay and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS For the pressure range (20-40 MPa) and temperature range (30-70 °C), 30 MPa/70 °C gave the highest yield of oleoresin (58.9 g kg(-1) ). The dominant fatty acids of marigold flower oleoresin were linoleic acid (>26.41%), palmitic acid (>24.22%) and oleinic acid (>20.12%). Significant effects of the extraction pressure and temperature on the antioxidant activity were observed (P < 0.05). Lutein esters, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were the dominant antioxidant compounds in the extracts. CONCLUSION The study has shown that the yield and total antioxidant activity of the marigold extracts were affected by the pressure and temperature of SC-CO(2) , and that online HPLC technique could be used as an efficient and rapid method for separation and identification of bioactive compounds from a complex mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Pyka A, Nabiałkowska D, Bober K, Dołowy M. COMPARISON OF NP-TLC AND RP-TLC WITH DENSITOMETRY TO QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOCOPHEROL ACETATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.591033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Pyka
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Danuta Nabiałkowska
- b Department of Genetic, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection , Silesian University , Katowice , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bober
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dołowy
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
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Irakli MN, Samanidou VF, Papadoyannis IN. Development and validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids in cereals after solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Wang J, Su B, Su Y, Yang Y, Ren Q. LC Separation and Quantification of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate and Tocopheryl Acid Succinate in TPGS Reaction Mixture. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Núñez O, Ikegami T, Miyamoto K, Tanaka N. Study of a monolithic silica capillary column coated with poly(octadecyl methacrylate) for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of some polar and non-polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1175:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Bustamante-Rangel M, Delgado-Zamarreño MM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Carabias-Martínez R. Determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereals by pressurized liquid extraction–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 587:216-21. [PMID: 17386776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rapid analytical method including pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) has been developed for the determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereals. The pressurized liquid extraction parameters were optimized in order to maximize the extraction efficiency. The use of methanol as extraction solvent at a temperature of 50 degrees C and a pressure of 110 bar, using one cycle of extraction with a static time of 5 min, provided the best results. A good LC separation was achieved using a C(18) column and a solution of 6.0 mM ammonia in methanol/water (97:3, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min(-1). MS coupling with an ESI interface in the negative ion mode was used as the detection technique. In the present work, it is shown that the addition of a base to the mobile phase is required to enhance the ionization of tocopherols and tocotrienols in negative ion mode electrospray ionization. The applicability of the method to cereal samples was confirmed. The reproducibility of the procedure was good, with relative standard deviations in the 6-10% range. The recoveries of added tocopherols from cereal samples ranged from 91 to 109%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bustamante-Rangel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Stöggl W, Huck C, Wongyai S, Scherz H, Bonn G. Simultaneous determination of carotenoids, tocopherols, and gamma-oryzanol in crude rice bran oil by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometric detection employing silica C30 stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2006; 28:1712-8. [PMID: 16224965 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crude rice bran oil contains tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids (vitamin A), and phytosterols, which possess antioxidant activities and show promising effects as preventive and therapeutic agents. The aim of this work was to establish methods and to compare C18 and C30 silica stationary phases in order to separate and detect tocopherols, carotenoids, and gamma-oryzanol in one single run. Comparing RP-LC on silica C18 and C30, higher resolution between all target compounds was obtained using the C30 stationary phase. Methanol was used as eluent and the elution strength was increased by the addition of tert-butyl methyl ether for highly hydrophobic analytes such as gamma-oryzanol. Detection was accomplished by diode array detection from 200 to 500 nm. Absorbance maxima were found at 295 nm for tocopherols, 324 nm for gammaoryzanol, and 450 nm for carotenoids. Furthermore, compounds were characterized and identified on the basis of their UV-spectra. Both RP systems were coupled to MS (LC-MS) by using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stöggl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Szabó Z, Ohmacht R, Huck CW, Stöggl WM, Bonn GK. Influence of the pore structure on the properties of silica based reversed phase packings for LC. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:313-24. [PMID: 15792245 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation and investigation of new, highly loaded, monomeric, silica based, reversed phase C18 and C30 packings. The influence of pore structure and endcapping on the properties of C18 and C30 packings is described. Using hydrothermal procedures, silicas with predictable pore size (9.3-25.5 nm) and surface area have been prepared. Silylation with long chain silanes substantially alters the pore structure of the silica: pore size and pore volume decrease. A new parameter, the volumetric surface coverage [mm3 x m(-2)] has been introduced. This parameter--calculated from on-column measured porosity data--indicates the pore volume portion occupied by the hydrocarbon chains. Endcapping does not significantly change the pore structure of the bonded phases. The reduced retentions (reduced with respect to unit area: [k/m2])--a good measure for comparing the retention behaviour of packings with different surface areas--are similar for most of the phases, demonstrating good accessibility of the pores for the solutes. Slightly lower retentions were found on the endcapped than on the non-endcapped phases for probes with dense pi-electron system (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons) demonstrating the contribution of silanophilic interactions to the retention. The phases had been successfully used for various demanding separations, e.g. for the separation of flavonoids, carotenoids, resveratrol, and tocopherol isomers, fullerenes, and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabó
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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A small-scale sample preparation method with HPLC analysis for determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereals. J Food Compost Anal 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kagan M, Chlenov M, Kraml CM. Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separations using ethoxynonafluorobutane as hexane alternative. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1033:321-31. [PMID: 15088754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reported recently that high-speed normal-phase (NP) HPLC separations of a broad range of organic compounds can be performed on cyano columns using gradients of methanol in hexane-like solvent-ethoxynonafluorobutane (ENFB), available commercially. In this communication, we demonstrate that atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) can be effectively used for detection in such separations. The efficiency of APCI under conditions studied has also been compared to the efficiency of traditional electrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with MS for reversed-phase (RP) HPLC of the same compounds. The compounds included in this study were steroids, benzodiazepines, and other central nervous system-active substances, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, and beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Non-polar compounds were found to respond stronger when APCI-MS technique was used, whereas APCI and ESI ionization efficiencies were comparable when polar substances were studied. The combination of normal-phase HPLC separation conditions with mass spectral detection may expand the range of LC-MS applications traditionally associated with reversed-phase HPLC and ESI-MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kagan
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, 865 Ridge Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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30
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Krucker M, Lienau A, Putzbach K, Grynbaum MD, Schuler P, Albert K. Hyphenation of Capillary HPLC to Microcoil 1H NMR Spectroscopy for the Determination of Tocopherol Homologues. Anal Chem 2004; 76:2623-8. [PMID: 15117207 DOI: 10.1021/ac030379i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective reversed phases (C(30) phases) are self-packed in 250 microm inner diameter fused-silica capillaries and employed for capillary HPLC separation of shape-constrained natural compounds (tocopherol homologues, vitamin E). Miniaturized hyphenated systems such as capillary HPLC-ESI-MS (positive ionization mode) and, with special emphasis, continuous-flow capillary HPLC- NMR are used for structural determination of the separated compounds. Despite the small amount of sample available (1.33 microg of each tocopherol), the authors have been able to monitor the capillary HPLC separation under continuous-flow (1)H NMR conditions, thus allowing an immediate peak identification. Further structural assignment was carried out in the stopped-flow NMR mode as shown, for example, by a 2D (1)H,(1)H COSY NMR spectrum of alpha-tocopherol. We demonstrate in this paper the considerable potential of hyphenated capillary separations coupled to MS and NMR for the investigation of restricted amounts of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Krucker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Kalman A, Mujahid C, Mottier P, Heudi O. Determination of alpha-tocopherol in infant foods by liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:723-727. [PMID: 12661027 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel, sensitive and specific method for the quantification of alpha-tocopherol in two infant foods (milk and cereals) using liquid chromatography on-line with positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry detection (LC/APCI-MS) has been developed. The samples were first saponified in order to eliminate fats and to transform tocopherol esters into free tocopherol, followed up by a liquid-liquid extraction of the analyte in petroleum benzine/diisopropyl ether (75:25, v/v) prior to injection onto the LC system. For the quantification, deuterium-labelled tocopherol was used as internal standard and the samples were monitored in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Calibration curves between 1-40 microg/mL of alpha-tocopherol showed a good linear correlation (r(2) = 0.99994), and the detection limit was determined to be 2.5 ng/mL. The within-day and between-day precision were determined for several dietetic infant formulae and certified reference samples, and found to be below 3.5%. The accuracy determined on a Nestlé reference sample (milk powder) was calculated to be 115.2 +/- 1.2%, which confirms the robustness of the proposed method. This study shows that single quadrupole LC/MS can be applied for the quantification of vitamins in food and the method offers better sensitivity and selectivity than traditional method such as LC-UV. This would simplify the preparation of the food samples and consequently enhance the vitamin analysis throughput in the food area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Kalman
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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Lienau A, Glaser T, Krucker M, Zeeb D, Ley F, Curro F, Albert K. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of tocopherols in toothpastes and gingival tissue employing HPLC NMR and HPLC MS coupling. Anal Chem 2002; 74:5192-8. [PMID: 12403570 DOI: 10.1021/ac020316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gingival samples treated with toothpastes containing tocopherols (vitamin E) were investigated employing HPLC chromatography. The aim was to verify that vitamin E is actually enriched in the tissue, which could have beneficial effects on oral health. After determination of the tocopherols available in the toothpastes, control samples from healthy test persons and subjects suffering from gingivitis were analyzed. Subsequently, gingival tissues from diseased test persons who treated their teeth with the toothpastes containing tocopherols using various kinds of concentrations or applications were investigated. The first step of the analysis was a fast and careful extraction employing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Afterward, the separation of the different tocopherol homologues existing was performed by HPLC chromatography on highly selective C30 RP phases. The identification of the tocopherol homologues was performed using the on-line coupling of HPLC with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Lienau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Germany
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Careri M, Bianchi F, Corradini C. Recent advances in the application of mass spectrometry in food-related analysis. J Chromatogr A 2002; 970:3-64. [PMID: 12350102 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A review is presented on recent applications of mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques for the analysis of compounds of food concern. Substances discussed are naturally occurring compounds in food products such as lipids, oligosaccharides, proteins, vitamins, flavonoids and related substances, phenolic compounds and aroma compounds. Among xenobiotics, applications of MS techniques for the analysis of pesticides, drug residues, toxins, amines and migrants from packaging are overviewed. Advances in the analysis of trace metals of nutritional and toxicological interest by MS with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source are presented. The main features of mass spectrometry combined with separation instruments are discussed in food-related analysis. Examples of mass spectrometry and tandem MS (MS-MS) are provided. The development and application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray (ESI) to the analysis of peptides and proteins in food is discussed. This survey will attempt to cover the state-of-the-art up from 1999 to 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Careri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2002; 13:55-62. [PMID: 11899608 DOI: 10.1002/pca.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:119-132. [PMID: 11813320 DOI: 10.1002/jms.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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