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Sequeros CB, Hansen TF, Westergaard D, Louloudis I, Kalamajski S, Röder T, Rohde PD, Schwinn M, Clemmensen LH, Didriksen M, Nyegaard M, Hjalgrim H, Nielsen KR, Bruun MT, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C, Mikkelsen S, Sørensen E, Pedersen OBV, Brunak S, Banasik K, Giordano GN. A genome-wide association study of social trust in 33,882 Danish blood donors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1402. [PMID: 38228779 PMCID: PMC10792163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Social trust is a heritable trait that has been linked with physical health and longevity. In this study, we performed genome-wide association studies of self-reported social trust in n = 33,882 Danish blood donors. We observed genome-wide and local evidence of genetic similarity with other brain-related phenotypes and estimated the single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of trust to be 6% (95% confidence interval = (2.1, 9.9)). In our discovery cohort (n = 25,819), we identified one significantly associated locus (lead variant: rs12776883) in an intronic enhancer region of PLPP4, a gene highly expressed in brain, kidneys, and testes. However, we could not replicate the signal in an independent set of donors who were phenotyped a year later (n = 8063). In the subsequent meta-analysis, we found a second significantly associated variant (rs71543507) in an intergenic enhancer region. Overall, our work confirms that social trust is heritable, and provides an initial look into the genetic factors that influence it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Burgos Sequeros
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Methods and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Louloudis
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Timo Röder
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Michael Schwinn
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Harder Clemmensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Vestager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Giuseppe Nicola Giordano
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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Areiza-Padilla JA, Moise MS, Manzi Puertas MA. Breaking the barriers of animosity: innovation in business models as a positioning strategy. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07545. [PMID: 34296022 PMCID: PMC8282950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer animosity is often studied in the large economies of the world, in order to explain the negative feelings generated by an individual towards another country and its products, due to various political, economic and social conflicts. This study presents three specific developments in this field. First, to demonstrate how companies in the retail sector have been able to develop innovations in their business models through their shops and virtual channels, which generate a positive positioning in the mind of the consumer, capable of minimizing animosity towards them. In this way it is shown that a consumer can have strong feelings of patriotism, animosity and ethnocentrism, and yet a positive image towards a brand or product of the country with which the conflict takes place. Second, a contribution to literature regarding the scant research on consumer animosity in developing countries, and specifically in Latin America. Third, an analysis of animosity under a current context of conflict between countries, and not of studies carried out taking situations or facts from the past. In this way, a contribution is generated that allows to understand more the behavior of the consumer and his animosity in societies with emerging economies and as the innovations in business models allow to improve both the economic profitability of a company, as its brand image.
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Jung K, Ang SH, Leong SM, Tan SJ, Pornpitakpan C, Kau AK. A Typology of Animosity and its Cross-National Validation. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022102238267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four types of animosity, the emotional antagonism felt toward a specific entity, were identified as a function of their sources (situational vs. stable) and locus (personal vs. national) of manifestation. A five-country survey was conducted in Asia to validate the typology, using the United States and Japan as target entities. Results affirmed the four-factor structure of the proposed typology. Several cross-national differences in animosity were also uncovered. Indonesians, Malaysians, and Thais tended to have greater situational animosity toward the United States than Japan, except for Koreans and Singaporeans. Not surprisingly, Koreans showed greater stable animosity toward Japan than the United States. Asians also demonstrated a higher level of animosity at the national than personal level. Implications arising from the findings are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
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Williamson JB, Porges EC, Lamb DG, Porges SW. Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1571. [PMID: 25653631 PMCID: PMC4300857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A core manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disconnection between physiological state and psychological or behavioral processes necessary to adequately respond to environmental demands. Patients with PTSD experience abnormal oscillations in autonomic states supporting either fight and flight behaviors or withdrawal, immobilization, and dissociation without an intervening “calm” state that would provide opportunities for positive social interactions. This defensive autonomic disposition is adaptive in dangerous and life threatening situations, but in the context of every-day life may lead to significant psychosocial distress and deteriorating social relationships. The perpetuation of these maladaptive autonomic responses may contribute to the development of comorbid mental health issues such as depression, loneliness, and hostility that further modify the nature of cardiovascular behavior in the context of internal and external stressors. Over time, changes in autonomic, endocrine, and immune function contribute to deteriorating health, which is potently expressed in brain dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In this theoretical review paper, we present an overview of the literature on the chronic health effects of PTSD. We discuss the brain networks underlying PTSD in the context of autonomic efferent and afferent contributions and how disruption of these networks leads to poor health outcomes. Finally, we discuss treatment approaches based on our theoretical model of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Williamson
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, FL, USA ; Center for Neuropsychological Studies, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, FL, USA ; Institute on Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Damon G Lamb
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, FL, USA ; Center for Neuropsychological Studies, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen W Porges
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Durham, NC, USA
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EDWARDS CHRISTOPHERL, KILLOUGH ALVIN, WOOD MARY, DOYLE TODD, FELIU MIRIAM, BARKER CAMELAS, UPPAL PRIYANKA, DeCASTRO LAURA, WELLINGTON CHANTÉ, WHITFIELD KEITHE, TRAMBADIA JAY, GUINYARD DARIENE, MUHAMMAD MALIK, O’GARO KEISHAGAYEN, MORGAN KAI, EDWARDS ALESII LEKISHAY, BYRD GOLDIES, McCABE MELANIE, GOLI VEERAINDAR, KEYS ABIGAIL, HILL LABARRON, COLLINS-McNEIL JANICE, McDONALD PATRICIA, SCHMECHEL DONALDE, ROBINSON ELWOOD. Emotional reactions to pain predict psychological distress in adult patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Int J Psychiatry Med 2014; 47:1-16. [PMID: 24956913 PMCID: PMC4444040 DOI: 10.2190/pm.47.1.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating somatic from emotional influences on the experience of chronic pain has been of interest to clinicians and researchers for many years. Although prior research has not well specified these pathways at the anatomical level, some evidence, both theoretical and empirical, suggest that emotional reactions influence the experience of disease and non-disease-related pains. Other studies suggest that treatments directed at negative emotional responses reduce suffering associated with pain. The current study was conducted to explore the influence of emotional reactions to pain as a predictor of psychological distress in a sample of adult Blacks with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Using cross-sectional survey data, we evaluated whether negative emotional reactions to the experience of pain were predictive of psychological distress after controlling for the somatic dimension of pain and age in n = 67 Black patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Results showed that greater negative emotion associated with pain predicted Somatization (p < .01), Anxiety (p < .05), Phobic Anxiety (p < .05), and Psychoticism (p < .05). Increased negative emotion associated with pain was also predictive of the General Symptoms Index (p < .05) and the Positive Symptoms Total from the SCL-90-R (p < .01). We believe the current study demonstrates that negative emotional reactions to the experience of pain in adults with SCD are predictive of psychological distress above and beyond the influences of age and the direct nociceptive experience. We also believe these data to be valuable in conceptualizing the allocation of treatment resources toward a proactive approach with early identification of patients who are responding poorly for the purpose of potentially reducing later psychopathology. A deeper understanding of the ways that subpopulations cope with chronic disease-related pain may produce models that can be ultimately generalized to the consumers of the majority of healthcare resources.
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Kahler CW, McHugh RK, Leventhal AM, Colby SM, Gwaltney CJ, Monti PM. High Hostility Among Smokers Predicts Slower Recognition of Positive Facial Emotion. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012; 52:444-448. [PMID: 22223928 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High levels of trait hostility are associated with wide-ranging interpersonal deficits and heightened physiological response to social stressors. These deficits may be attributable in part to individual differences in the perception of social cues. The present study evaluated the ability to recognize facial emotion among 48 high hostile (HH) and 48 low hostile (LH) smokers and whether experimentally-manipulated acute nicotine deprivation moderated relations between hostility and facial emotion recognition. A computer program presented series of pictures of faces that morphed from a neutral emotion into increasing intensities of happiness, sadness, fear, or anger, and participants were asked to identify the emotion displayed as quickly as possible. Results indicated that HH smokers, relative to LH smokers, required a significantly greater intensity of emotion expression to recognize happiness. No differences were found for other emotions across HH and LH individuals, nor did nicotine deprivation moderate relations between hostility and emotion recognition. This is the first study to show that HH individuals are slower to recognize happy facial expressions and that this occurs regardless of recent tobacco abstinence. Difficulty recognizing happiness in others may impact the degree to which HH individuals are able to identify social approach signals and to receive social reinforcement.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine in a prospective setting whether different hostility measures, including Cynical Distrust, Trait Anger, Anger Out, Anger In, and Anger Control, are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS Participants comprised 25- to 74-year-old men (n = 3850) and women (n = 4083), followed up for 10 to 15 years. Trait Anger, Anger Out, Anger In, and Anger Control were assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Cynical Hostility with the Cynical Distrust Scale. Incident CVD and IHD were derived from hospital records/death certificates. Subjects with a history of CVD or IHD at baseline were excluded. RESULTS Subjects in the lowest Anger Control tertile had a higher risk of first nonfatal and fatal CVD incidence (relative risk [RR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.73) than subjects in the highest tertile after adjustment for age, gender, education, marital status, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms. Higher Cynical Distrust scores predicted nonfatal and fatal CVD (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.56) and IHD (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.74) events after adjustment for age, but these associations disappeared after further adjustment for gender, education, and marital status. Other hostility measures, i.e., Trait Anger, Anger Out, or Anger In, were not related to CVD or IHD outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that compared with four other hostility dimensions, low Anger Control predicts CVD events. Further studies should examine whether Anger Control is specific to anger or reflects more general psychosocial factors.
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Kahler CW, Leventhal AM, Colby SM, Gwaltney CJ, Kamarck TW, Monti PM. Hostility, cigarette smoking, and responses to a lab-based social stressor. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2009; 17:413-24. [PMID: 19968406 PMCID: PMC3698599 DOI: 10.1037/a0017690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-trait hostility is associated with persistent cigarette smoking. To better understand mechanisms that may account for this association, we examined the effects of acute smoking abstinence and delayed versus immediate smoking reinstatement on responses to a social stressor among 48 low hostile (LH) and 48 high hostile (HH) smokers. Participants completed two laboratory sessions, one before which they had smoked ad lib and one before which they had abstained for the prior 12 hr. During each session, participants completed a stressful speaking task and then smoked immediately after the stressor or after a 15-min delay. The effect of immediate versus delayed smoking reinstatement on recovery in negative mood was significantly moderated by hostility. When reinstatement was delayed, HH participants showed significant increases in negative mood over time, whereas LH participants showed little change. When reinstatement was immediate, HH and LH smokers showed similar significant decreases in negative mood. Smoking abstinence did not moderate hostility effects. Cigarette smoking may prevent continuing increases in negative mood after social stress in HH smokers, which may partially explain their low rates of quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter M. Monti
- Providence VA Medical Center and the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
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Vrana SR, Hughes JW, Dennis MF, Calhoun PS, Beckham JC. Effects of posttraumatic stress disorder status and covert hostility on cardiovascular responses to relived anger in women with and without PTSD. Biol Psychol 2009; 82:274-80. [PMID: 19716397 PMCID: PMC2767439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous literature has found greater heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses during relived anger, and a positive association between covert hostility and relived anger, in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated hostility and cardiovascular responses to a relived anger task in 120 women (70 with PTSD and 50 without PTSD). Women with PTSD reported greater hostile beliefs and covert hostility than non-PTSD controls, reported greater anger and anxiety during the anger recall task, and had higher resting HR. In general, the relationship between PTSD and cardiovascular response was moderated by covert hostility, which was associated with greater baseline diastolic BP and greater HR during relived anger and anger recovery among women with PTSD, but not among non-PTSD controls. Results suggest that the relationship between PTSD and cardiovascular response is moderated by hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Vrana
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
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Francis KJ, Wolfe DA. Cognitive and emotional differences between abusive and non-abusive fathers. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2008; 32:1127-37. [PMID: 19036447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abusive fathers perpetrate a substantial portion of child physical abuse. Despite this, little is known about how they differ from non-abusive fathers. This study compared a broad range of cognitive and affective factors between physically abusive and non-abusive fathers. METHODS Abusive (n=24) and non-abusive (n=25) fathers completed standard measures assessing their experience and expression of anger, mental health, parenting stress, and their empathy and perceptions of children's socio-emotional signals. RESULTS Abusive fathers differed from comparisons on almost all constructs. They experienced more anger and were more likely to express that anger aggressively. They reported more mental health concerns (such as depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation), more stress in parenting, and significantly less empathy for their children. They were also more likely to perceive children's emotional expressions as depicting negative emotions, such as anger and disgust. CONCLUSIONS Abusive fathers struggle with a myriad of difficulties that likely contribute to their problematic parenting. These difficulties are both inter- and intra-personal in nature. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest that abusive fathers require comprehensive assessment that includes mental health screening. Interventions should be selected carefully to target abusive fathers' high levels of negative affect and negative perceptions. Treatment strategies should address problems related to parenting style (e.g., managing stress and interpretation of children's socioemotional signals) as well as their personal adjustment (e.g., cognitive behavioral strategies for regulating affect and cognitive distortions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Francis
- McMaster Children's Hospital/McMaster University, Chedoke Site, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada L9C 7N4
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Heponiemi T, Ravaja N, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Relationships Between Hostility, Affective Ratings of Pictures, and State Affects During Task-Induced Stress. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2007; 141:183-201. [PMID: 17479587 DOI: 10.3200/jrlp.141.2.183-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors examined the relationship of hostility with (a) affective ratings of pictures and (b) state affects evoked by task-induced stress in 95 healthy men and women 22-37 years of age. Pictures were from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; P. J. Lang, M. M. Bradley, & B. N. Cuthbert, 1999). Stressors included a startle task, mental arithmetic task, and choice-deadline reaction time task. The circumplex model of affect was used to structure the self-reported state affects. The authors found that hostility was associated with displeasure, high arousal, and low dominance ratings of IAPS pictures. Hostility was related to unpleasant affect and unactivated unpleasant affect during the experiment, and subscale paranoia was related to activated unpleasant affect. Findings suggest that participants scoring high on hostility are prone to negative emotional reactions.
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Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Laine J, Pekkarinen L, Eccles M, Noro A, Finne-Soveri H, Sinervo T. Productivity and employees' organizational justice perceptions in long-term care for the elderly. Res Nurs Health 2007; 30:498-507. [PMID: 17893931 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined the associations between productivity, employer characteristics, and context variables, and the organizational justice perceptions of 330 female employees in long-term institutional elderly people care. The productivity measure used was the proportion of the inpatient days to total costs. Employees working in high productivity units experienced higher procedural justice than those working in low productivity units. Hostile employees experienced both the procedures and management as less fair than non-hostile employees. Unit size and resident turnover were negatively and registered nurses percentage positively associated with procedural justice perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Heponiemi
- National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, P.O. Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland
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Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Pekkarinen L, Noro A, Finne-Soveri H, Sinervo T. The moderating effect of employee hostility on the association of long-term elderly care unit's negative resident characteristics to employee stress and well-being. J Occup Health Psychol 2006; 11:157-68. [PMID: 16649849 DOI: 10.1037/1076-8998.11.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the moderating effect of employee hostility on the association of unit-level resident characteristics (depression and behavioral problems) to individual-level employee's resident-related stress and psychological well-being during 1-year follow-up study among 501 employees in elderly care. Our results showed that employee hostility was associated with decreased psychological well-being. In addition, hostility moderated the association between unit-level proportion of depressive residents and resident-related stress experienced by the individual employees. Hostile employees reported increased resident-related stress irrespective of the proportion of depressed residents in the unit. Instead, nonhostile employees were sensitive to the depression in the unit. They reported low levels of stress when depression levels in the unit were low and increased stress when depression levels were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Heponiemi
- National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland.
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Enkelmann HC, Bishop GD, Tong EMW, Diong SM, Why YP, Khader M, Ang J. The relationship of hostility, negative affect and ethnicity to cardiovascular responses: an ambulatory study in Singapore. Int J Psychophysiol 2005; 56:185-97. [PMID: 15804452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypotheses that ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure would be higher for individuals high but not low in hostility when they experienced negative affect or social stress and that this interaction would be stronger for Indians compared with other Singapore ethnic groups. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was done on 108 male Singapore patrol officers as they went about their daily duties. After each BP measurement participants completed a computerized questionnaire including items on emotional experience. Individuals high in hostility showed higher systolic blood pressure when reporting negative affect whereas this was not true for those low in hostility. Ethnic differences were obtained such that Indians showed an increase in mean arterial pressure when angered whereas MAP was negatively related to anger for Malays and unrelated for Chinese. Also a three-way interaction between ethnicity, hostility, and social stress indicated that hostility and social stress interacted in their effects on DBP for Indian participants but not for Chinese or Malays. Finally, a three-way interaction was obtained between ethnicity, hostility and negative affect for heart rate in which heart rate increased with increasing levels of negative affect for Chinese high in hostility and Malays low in hostility but decreased with increasing negative affect for all other participants. These data are consistent with higher CHD rates among individuals high in hostility and also provide additional evidence on ethnic differences in cardiovascular reactivity in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Chong Enkelmann
- Department of Social Work and Psychology, National University of Singapore, 11 Law Link, Singapore
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Peer JE, Rothmann TL, Penrod RD, Penn DL, Spaulding WD. Social cognitive bias and neurocognitive deficit in paranoid symptoms: evidence for an interaction effect and changes during treatment. Schizophr Res 2004; 71:463-71. [PMID: 15474917 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Persistent paranoid symptoms are best understood as having multiple causal mechanisms. An enhanced multidimensional understanding of paranoia may result from the convergence of two distinct measurement paradigms, experimental psychopathology and social cognitive research. This study investigated the role of neurocognitive deficits and emotion misperception bias as they relate to paranoid symptoms at two different time points in a sample of individuals with severe mental illness (primarily schizophrenia spectrum disorders [N=91]) undergoing intensive psychosocial rehabilitation. Before intensive rehabilitation (but after initial stabilization), paranoid symptoms were related to a tendency to misperceive emotion as disgust. The impact of this social cognitive bias was amplified by perseveration (as measured by the COGLAB Card Sorting Task). Perseverative errors were associated with paranoid symptoms at both time points. After 6 months of treatment, there were significant reductions in paranoid symptoms and perseverative errors but no significant changes in emotion misperception biases. This study is one of few to date to evaluate the contribution of both neurocognitive deficits and social cognitive biases to paranoid symptoms. The results demonstrate how social cognitive biases can interact with neurocognitive deficits in expression of paranoid symptoms, and how these relationships change during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Peer
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, 238 Burnett Hall, P.O. Box 880308, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA.
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Prkachin KM, Silverman BE. Hostility and facial expression in young men and women: Is social regulation more important than negative affect? Health Psychol 2002. [DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.21.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Brummett BH, Maynard KE, Haney TL, Siegler IC, Barefoot JC. Reliability of interview-assessed hostility ratings across mode of assessment and time. J Pers Assess 2000; 75:225-36. [PMID: 11020141 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa7502_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
These studies addressed 2 questions concerning interview-based hostility assessments: whether they are affected if the interview is conducted face-to-face versus telephone and whether they are stable across an extended time period. In Study 1A, 54 students were interviewed face-to-face and by telephone in a laboratory setting. Half the sample was reinterviewed in the laboratory 6 weeks later. The other half was reinterviewed by telephone at home. With 1 exception, all intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) comparing interview modes were above .62. In Study 1B, 48 adults were interviewed face-to-face in a laboratory and by telephone in their homes with a 2-week intervening interval. The ICC comparing interview modes was .78. In Study 2, 100 adults were interviewed face-to-face in a laboratory and approximately 4 years later by telephone in their homes. The ICC across interviews was .69. Thus, support was found for the stability of interview-based hostility assessments across interview methods and extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Brummett
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Fredrickson BL, Maynard KE, Helms MJ, Haney TL, Siegler IC, Barefoot JC. Hostility predicts magnitude and duration of blood pressure response to anger. J Behav Med 2000; 23:229-43. [PMID: 10863676 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005596208324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that hostile and nonhostile individuals would differ in both magnitude and duration of cardiovascular reactivity to relived anger was tested. Participants were 66 older adults (mean age, 62; 38 women and 28 men; 70% Caucasian American, 30% African American). Each took part in a structured interview scored using the Interpersonal Hostility Assessment Technique. Later each relived a self-chosen anger memory while heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured continuously using an Ohmeda Finapres monitor. Hostile participants had larger and longer-lasting blood pressure responses to anger. African Americans also showed longer-lasting blood pressure reactivity to anger. Health and measurement implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA.
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Weidner G, Rice T, Knox SS, Ellison RC, Province MA, Rao DC, Higgins MW. Familial resemblance for hostility: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Psychosom Med 2000; 62:197-204. [PMID: 10772397 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-200003000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether several aspects of hostility as measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (ie, aggressive responding, hostile affect, cynicism, and overall hostility score) were determined in part by family factors (ie, genes and/or familial environments). METHODS Analyses were based on 680 European-American families (2525 individuals) from the NHLBI Family Heart Study (FHS), a population-based study of genetic and nongenetic determinants of CHD, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors. The influence of family relationships, age, and education on the variation in each of the four hostility scores were estimated. RESULTS Significant familial resemblance in all hostility scores was found, accounting for 42% of the variance in total hostility, 30% in cynicism, 38% in aggressive responding, and 18% in hostile affect. Very little of this resemblance could be explained by similarities in education. Familial resemblance for cynicism was solely due to significant parent-offspring and sibling correlations (ie, no spouse resemblance), suggesting the possibility of genetic influences. Gender and generation differences were also evident in the familial correlations. CONCLUSIONS Hostility aggregates in families. Both family environmental and genetic sources of resemblance are suggested for hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Weidner
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Brummett BH, Barefoot JC, Feaganes JR, Yen S, Bosworth HB, Williams RB, Siegler IC. Hostility in marital dyads: associations with depressive symptoms. J Behav Med 2000; 23:95-105. [PMID: 10749013 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005424405056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relations of hostility (of self and spouse) with self-ratings of depressive symptoms in 898 spouse pairs. Self-ratings of hostility were initially examined as predictors of depression. Next, spouse self-ratings of hostility were added to the model. Finally, the interaction of self x spouse hostility was investigated. These relations were explored for three components of hostility (Cynicism, Aggressive Responding, and Hostile Affect). Age and education were controlled in all models and effects were examined separately for women and men. Self-ratings of Hostile Affect were positively related to depressive symptoms for both women and men. Self-ratings of Cynicism were also significantly related to depression, but only for men. All three components of spouse's hostility were positively related to one's own symptoms of depression for women. For men, however, spouse's hostility was not related to symptoms of depression. These findings highlight the need to study psychosocial risk factors in social units and have potential implications for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Brummett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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