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Konarska-Bajda K, Ceranowicz P, Cieszkowski J, Ginter G, Stempniewicz A, Gałązka K, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Dumnicka P, Bonior J, Warzecha Z. Administration of Warfarin Inhibits the Development of Cerulein-Induced Edematous Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. Biomolecules 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37371528 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality in which inflammation and coagulation play crucial roles. The development of inflammation leads to vascular injury, endothelium and leukocytes stimulation, and an increased level of tissue factor, which results in the activation of the coagulation process. For this reason, anticoagulants may be considered as a therapeutic option in AP. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), or acenocoumarol inhibits the development of AP. The aim of the present study was to check if pretreatment with warfarin affects the development of edematous pancreatitis evoked by cerulein. Warfarin (90, 180, or 270 µg/kg/dose) or saline were administered intragastrically once a day for 7 days consecutively before the induction of AP. AP was evoked by the intraperitoneal administration of cerulein. The pre-administration of warfarin at doses of 90 or 180 µg/kg/dose reduced the histological signs of pancreatic damage in animals with the induction of AP. Additionally, other parameters of AP, such as an increase in the serum activity of lipase and amylase, the plasma concentration of D-dimer, and interleukin-1β, were decreased. In addition, pretreatment with warfarin administered at doses of 90 or 180 µg/kg/dose reversed the limitation of pancreatic blood flow evoked by AP development. Warfarin administered at a dose of 270 µg/kg/dose did not exhibit a preventive effect in cerulein-induced AP. Conclusion: Pretreatment with low doses of warfarin inhibits the development of AP evoked by the intraperitoneal administration of cerulein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Konarska-Bajda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stempniewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Gałązka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry/Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry/Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
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Maduzia D, Ceranowicz P, Cieszkowski J, Gałązka K, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Warzecha Z. Pretreatment with Warfarin Attenuates the Development of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:E2493. [PMID: 32471279 PMCID: PMC7321200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis (AP), pancreatic damage leads to local vascular injury, manifesting as endothelial damage and activation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte rolling, sticking and transmigration to pancreatic tissue as well as activation of coagulation. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with heparin or acenocoumarol inhibits the development of AP. The aim of the present study was to check the impact of pretreatment with warfarin, an oral vitamin K antagonist, on the development of ischemia/reperfusion-induced AP in rats. AP was induced by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion of the gland. Warfarin (90, 180 or 270 µg/kg/dose) or vehicle were administered intragastrically once a day for 7 days before induction of AP. The effect of warfarin on the severity of AP was assessed 6 h after pancreatic reperfusion. The assessment included histological, functional, and biochemical analyses. Pretreatment with warfarin given at a dose of 90 or 180 µg/kg/dose increased the international normalized ratio and reduced morphological signs of pancreatic damage such as pancreatic edema, vacuolization of acinar cells, necrosis and the number of hemorrhages. These effects were accompanied by an improvement of pancreatic blood flow and a decrease in serum level amylase, lipase, pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β and plasma level of D-dimer. In contrast, pretreatment with warfarin given at a dose of 270 µg/kg/dose led to an increase in severity of pancreatic damage and biochemical indicators of AP. In addition, this dose of warfarin resulted in deaths in some animals. Pretreatment with low doses of warfarin inhibits the development of AP induced by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Maduzia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Krystyna Gałązka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
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Shao Z. SPATHOLOBUS SUBERECTUS STEM EXTRACT IMPROVES THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HEPARIN ON CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:187-193. [PMID: 28480430 PMCID: PMC5412224 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluates the effect of Spatholobus suberectus stem extract (SS) in the management of pancreatitis alone and in combination with heparin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pancreatitis was induced pancreatitis by cerulean (50μg/kg, i.p.) five times at an interval of 1 h without any pretreatment of drug. Rats were treated with SS (100 and 200 mg/kg, p. o.) and heparin (150 U/kg, i.p.) alone and in combination for the duration of a week. Later pancreatic weight and blood flow was estimated and different biochemical parameters like concentration of D-dimer and Interleukin 1β (IL-Ιβ) and activity of amylase and lipase were determined in blood of pancreatitis rats. Moreover effect of drug treatment on DNA synthesis and histopathology was also estimated on cerulean induced pancreatitis rats. RESULT Results of this study suggest that treatment with SS alone and in combination with heparin significantly increase in prothrombin time and pancreatic blood flow than negative control group. There was significant decrease in concentration of IL-Ιβ and D-dimer and activity of amylase and lipase in SS and heparin treated group than negative control group. Pancreatic DNA synthesis was also found to be reduced in SS and heparin alone and in combination treated group. Histopathology study also reveals that treatment with SS and heparin alone and in combination reduces edema, hemorrhages, leukocyte infiltration in the TS of pancreatic tissues. CONCLUSION Present study concludes that treatment with SS alone effectively manages the pancreatitis by ceasing the inflammatory pathway and potentiates the effect of heparin in the management of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Shao
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Tongren hospital, Affiliated to the Capital Medical University Beijing 100176, China
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Therapeutic Effect of Low Doses of Acenocoumarol in the Course of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040882. [PMID: 28430136 PMCID: PMC5412463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular activation of coagulation is observed in acute pancreatitis and is related to the severity of this inflammation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of acenocoumarol therapy on the course of acute pancreatitis induced in male rats by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. Acenocoumarol at a dose of 50, 100, or 150 µg/kg/dose was administered intragastrically once a day, starting the first dose 24 h after the initiation of pancreatic reperfusion. Results: Histological examination showed that treatment with acenocoumarol reduces pancreatic edema, necrosis, and hemorrhages in rats with pancreatitis. Moreover, the administration of acenocoumarol decreased pancreatic inflammatory infiltration and vacuolization of pancreatic acinar cells. These findings were accompanied with a reduction in the serum activity of lipase and amylase, concentration of interleukin-1β, and plasma d-Dimer concentration. Moreover, the administration of acenocoumarol improved pancreatic blood flow and pancreatic DNA synthesis. Acenocoumarol given at a dose of 150 µg/kg/dose was the most effective in the treatment of early phase acute pancreatitis. However later, acenocoumarol given at the highest dose failed to exhibit any therapeutic effect; whereas lower doses of acenocoumarol were still effective in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: Treatment with acenocoumarol accelerates the recovery of ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
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Warzecha Z, Sendur P, Ceranowicz P, Dembiński M, Cieszkowski J, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Olszanecki R, Tomaszewska R, Ambroży T, Dembiński A. Protective Effect of Pretreatment with Acenocoumarol in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101709. [PMID: 27754317 PMCID: PMC5085741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation is recognized as a key player in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the current research was to examine the effect of pretreatment with acenocoumarol on the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) evoked by cerulein. Methods: AP was induced in rats by cerulein administered intraperitoneally. Acenocoumarol (50, 100 or 150 µg/kg/dose/day) or saline were given once daily for seven days before AP induction. Results: In rats with AP, pretreatment with acenocoumarol administered at the dose of 50 or 100 µg/kg/dose/day improved pancreatic histology, reducing the degree of edema and inflammatory infiltration, and vacuolization of acinar cells. Moreover, pretreatment with acenocoumarol given at the dose of 50 or 100 µg/kg/dose/day reduced the AP-evoked increase in pancreatic weight, serum activity of amylase and lipase, and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β, as well as ameliorated pancreatic DNA synthesis and pancreatic blood flow. In contrast, acenocoumarol given at the dose of 150 μg/kg/dose did not exhibit any protective effect against cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Conclusion: Low doses of acenocoumarol, given before induction of AP by cerulein, inhibit the development of that inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Sendur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Dembiński
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Romana Tomaszewska
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Artur Dembiński
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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Bukowczan J, Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Tomaszewska R. Obestatin Accelerates the Recovery in the Course of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134380. [PMID: 26226277 PMCID: PMC4520493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Several previous studies have shown that obestatin exhibits protective and regenerative effects in some organs including the stomach, kidney, and the brain. In the pancreas, pretreatment with obestatin inhibits the development of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, and promotes survival of pancreatic beta cells and human islets. However, no studies investigated the effect of obestatin administration following the onset of experimental acute pancreatitis. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obestatin therapy in the course of ischemia/reperfusion-induced pancreatitis. Moreover, we tested the influence of ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute pancreatitis and administration of obestatin on daily food intake and pancreatic exocrine secretion. Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion of the pancreas. Obestatin (8nmol/kg/dose) was administered intraperitoneally twice a day, starting 24 hours after the beginning of reperfusion. The effect of obestatin in the course of necrotizing pancreatitis was assessed between 2 and 14 days, and included histological, functional, and biochemical analyses. Secretory studies were performed on the third day after sham-operation or induction of acute pancreatitis in conscious rats equipped with chronic pancreatic fistula. Results Treatment with obestatin ameliorated morphological signs of pancreatic damage including edema, vacuolization of acinar cells, hemorrhages, acinar necrosis, and leukocyte infiltration of the gland, and led to earlier pancreatic regeneration. Structural changes were accompanied by biochemical and functional improvements manifested by accelerated normalization of interleukin-1β level and activity of myeloperoxidase and lipase, attenuation of the decrease in pancreatic DNA synthesis, and by an improvement of pancreatic blood flow. Induction of acute pancreatitis by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion significantly decreased daily food intake and pancreatic exocrine secretion. Administration of obestatin at doses used was without significant effect with regard to daily food intake or pancreatic exocrine secretion in sham-operated rats, as well as in rats with acute pancreatitis. On the other hand, obestatin abolished a statistical significance of difference in food intake between animals with AP and control animals without pancreatic fistula and induction of AP. Conclusion Treatment with the exogenous obestatin reduces severity of ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute pancreatitis and accelerates recovery in this disease. The involved mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial, and are mediated, at least in part, by anti-inflammatory properties of obestatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Bukowczan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Northumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Tomaszewska
- Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z. The role of nitric oxide in the physiology and pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2723-41. [PMID: 21777142 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule, contributes to both pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology. RECENT ADVANCES The present review provides a general overview of NO synthesis, signaling, and function. Further, it specifically discusses NO metabolism and its effects in the exocrine pancreas and focuses on the role of NO in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. CRITICAL ISSUES Unfortunately, the role of NO in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology remains controversial in numerous areas. Many questions regarding the messenger molecule still remain unanswered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Probably the least is known about the downstream targets of NO, which need to be identified, especially at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of orlistat on the exocrine pancreas of adult female albino rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000396877.23400.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moustafa A, Sakamoto KQ, Habara Y. A fundamental role for NO-PLC signaling pathway in mediating intracellular Ca2+ oscillation in pancreatic acini. Nitric Oxide 2011; 24:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barreto SG, Carati CJ, Toouli J, Saccone GTP. The islet-acinar axis of the pancreas: more than just insulin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G10-22. [PMID: 20395539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00077.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of the islets in the regulation of acinar cell function seemed a mystery to investigators who observed their dispersion among pancreatic acini, over time an appreciation for this intricate and unique structural arrangement has developed. The last three decades have witnessed a steadily growing understanding of the interrelationship of the endocrine and the exocrine pancreas. The islet innervation and vascular anatomy have been more fully characterized and provide an appropriate background for our current understanding. The interrelationship between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas is mediated by islet-derived hormones such as insulin and somatostatin, other humoral factors including pancreastatin and ghrelin, and also neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, peptide YY, substance P, and galanin) released by the nerves innervating the pancreas. Although considerable progress has been achieved, further work is required to fully delineate the complex interplay of the numerous mechanisms involved. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update of the current literature available, bringing together data gleaned from studies addressing the actions of individual hormones, humoral factors, and neurotransmitters on the regulation of amylase secretion from the acinar cell. This comprehensive view of the islet-acinar axis of the pancreas while acknowledging the dominant role played by insulin and somatostatin on exocrine secretion sheds light on the influence of the various neuropeptides on amylase secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio G Barreto
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5042
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Qian NS, Xu XP, Chen Y, Dou KF, Wang YY, Yang YL. Protective effect of cyclosporin A on brain injury in rats with acute necrotic pancreatitis. Life Sci 2010; 87:64-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ang AD, Adhikari S, Ng SW, Bhatia M. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and nitric oxide production in acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury. Pancreatology 2008; 9:150-9. [PMID: 19077466 DOI: 10.1159/000178886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of nitric oxide (NO) has been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). Studies have shown increased NO production in AP although not all are agreeable on whether NO is beneficial or detrimental in AP. This study aims to profile NO production and NO synthase (NOS) expression in the pancreas and lungs in the progression of AP in mice to gain insights to the role played by different NOS isoforms. METHODS AP was induced in mice by hourly administration of cerulein. NO production was determined by measuring the total nitrite and nitrate (NOx) content while NOS expression was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Pancreatic NO production increased sharply and was sustained throughout AP. iNOS expression was greatly increased while eNOS was downregulated at the later stages. In the lungs, there was an unexpected early increase in the constitutive NOS expression; however iNOS was also significantly overexpressed at the later time point along with a significant increase in NO. Acinar cells were found to overproduce NO in response to cerulein hyperstimulation with iNOS again being the major contributor. CONCLUSION These data show that NO production and NOS expression are differentially regulated temporally and in magnitude in the pancreas and lungs in response to cerulein hyperstimulation which suggests differing roles for each NOS isoform. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Damien Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Dembiński A, Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Warzecha AM, Pawlik WW, Dembiński M, Rembiasz K, Sendur P, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Tomaszewska R, Chowaniec E, Konturek PC. Dual, time-dependent deleterious and protective effect of anandamide on the course of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Role of sensory nerves. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:284-92. [PMID: 18593574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Some recent studies indicate that cannabis may induce acute pancreatitis in humans and administration of anandamide increases the severity of acute pancreatitis; whereas another study exhibits some therapeutic effects in acute pancreatitis. Aim of the present study was to discover what is the reason for these opposite confusing results and to determine the role of sensory nerves in this effect. Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by cerulein. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, was administered i.p. (1.5 micromol/kg) before or 2 h after cerulein administration. Stimulation of sensory nerves was performed by capsaicin (0.5 mg/kg s.c.). In rats treated with combination of anandamide plus capsaicin, capsaicin was given 10 min after each dose of anandamide. After the last injection of cerulein or 4 h later, the study was terminated. In our study we observed that stimulation of sensory nerves by capsaicin, before administration of cerulein, reduced the severity of acute pancreatitis. Anandamide, administered alone before cerulein, increased pancreatic damage in acute pancreatitis. Anandamide administered in combination with capsaicin, before cerulein, abolished the capsaicin-induced protective effect on the pancreas. Opposite effects were observed when capsaicin and anandamide were administered after injection of cerulein. Capsaicin increased the severity of acute pancreatitis, whereas anandamide reduced pancreatic damage and reversed the deleterious effect of capsaicin. We conclude that the effect of anandamide on the severity of acute pancreatitis depends on the phase of this disease. Administration of anandamide, before induction of pancreatitis, aggravates pancreatic damage; whereas anandamide administered after induction of pancreatitis, reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis. Sensory nerves are involved in the mechanism of this biphasic effect of anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Dembiński
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Chvanov M, Petersen OH, Tepikin A. Free radicals and the pancreatic acinar cells: role in physiology and pathology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006; 360:2273-84. [PMID: 16321797 PMCID: PMC1569596 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play an important role in signal transduction and cell injury processes. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-the key enzyme producing nitric oxide (NO)-is found in neuronal structures, vascular endothelium and, possibly, in acinar and ductal epithelial cells in the pancreas. NO is known to regulate cell homeostasis, and its effects on the acinar cells are reviewed here. ROS are implicated in the early events within the acinar cells, leading to the development of acute pancreatitis. The available data on ROS/RNS involvement in the apoptotic and necrotic death of pancreatic acinar cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chvanov
- The University of Liverpool The Physiological Laboratory Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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Konturek PC, Dembinski A, Warzecha Z, Burnat G, Ceranowicz P, Hahn EG, Dembinski M, Tomaszewska R, Konturek SJ. Pioglitazone, a specific ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, protects pancreas against acute cerulein-induced pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6322-9. [PMID: 16419161 PMCID: PMC4320336 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i40.6322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the effect of pioglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligand, on the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pancreas.
METHODS: AP was induced in rats by subcutaneous infusion of cerulein for 5 h. Pancreatic blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Plasma lipase activity, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 were determined. Pancreatic weight and histology were evaluated and pancreatic DNA synthesis and blood flow as well as pancreatic mRNA for IL-1β and HSP70 were assessed in rats treated with pioglitazone alone or in combination with cerulein.
RESULTS: Pioglitazone administered (10-100 mg/kg i.g.) 30 min before cerulein, attenuated dose-dependently the pancreatic tissue damage in cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP) as demonstrated by the improvement of pancreatic histology, reduction in plasma lipase activity, plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and its gene expression in the pancreas and attenuation of the pancreatitis-evoked fall in pancreatic blood flow. CIP increased pancreatic HSP70 mRNA and protein expression in the pancreas and this effect was enhanced by pioglitazone treatment.
CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuates CIP and the beneficial effect of this pioglitazone is multifactorial probably due to its anti-inflammatory activities, to the suppression of IL-1β and to the overexpression of HSP70. PPARγ ligands could represent a new therapeutic option in the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Konturek
- First Department of Medicine, University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Warzecha Z, Dembinski A, Ceranowicz P, Konturek SJ, Dembinski M, Pawlik WW, Tomaszewska R, Stachura J, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Naskalski JW, Konturek PC. Ischemic preconditioning inhibits development of edematous cerulein-induced pancreatitis: Involvement of cyclooxygenases and heat shock protein 70. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5958-65. [PMID: 16273606 PMCID: PMC4436717 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i38.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IP) affects the development of edematous cerulein-induced pancreatitis and to assess the role of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in this process.
METHODS: In male Wistar rats, IP was performed by clamping of celiac artery (twice for 5 min at 5-min intervals). Thirty minutes after IP or sham operation, acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein. Activity of COX-1 or COX-2 was inhibited by resveratrol or rofecoxib, respectively (10 mg/kg).
RESULTS: IP significantly reduced pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced pancreatitis as demonstrated by the improvement of pancreas histology, reduction in serum lipase and poly-C ribonuclease activity, and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β. Also, IP attenuated the pancreatitis-evoked fall in pancreatic blood flow and pancreatic DNA synthesis. Serum level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was not affected by IP. Cerulein-induced pancreatitis and IP increased the content of HSP 70 in the pancreas. Maximal increase in HSP 70 was observed when IP was combined with cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Inhibition of COXs, especially COX-2, reduced the protective effect of IP in edematous pancreatitis.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that IP reduces pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced pancreatitis and this effect, at least in part, depends on the activity of COXs and pancreatic production of HSP 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Grzegorzecka 16, Kraków 31-531, Poland
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17
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Xilong L, Lei S. Changes of tissue endothelin-1 and nitric oxide synthase in a sheep model of large intestinal obstruction. Vet Res Commun 2004; 28:719-25. [PMID: 15609871 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000045955.31019.f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Large intestinal obstruction (LIO) in farm animals can cause a ischaemic necrosis of intestinal tissue, eventually leading to death. The roles of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) are not well understood in the process of LIO, but evidence suggests that endothelial-derived mediators may participate. In the present study, ET-1 concentration and total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were measured in heart, liver, pancreas, lung and kidney in a model of LIO in sheep. Our data demonstrated that ET-1 concentration and NOS activity were altered, with significant increases of ET-1 in heart, lung and kidney and of NOS activity in pancreas and kidney, but a marked decline of NOS activity in liver (p < 0.05). It is postulated that these alterations in NOS activity and ET-1 concentration may contribute to the progressive loss of organ function, and finally lead to death in LIO in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xilong
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
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18
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Duprat F, Girard C, Jarretou G, Lazdunski M. Pancreatic two P domain K+ channels TALK-1 and TALK-2 are activated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. J Physiol 2004; 562:235-44. [PMID: 15513946 PMCID: PMC1665469 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study firstly shows with in situ hybridization on human pancreas that TALK-1 and TALK-2, two members of the 2P domain potassium channel (K(2P)) family, are highly and specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas and absent in Langherans islets. On the contrary, expression of TASK-2 in mouse pancreas is found both in the exocrine pancreas and in the Langherans islets. This study also shows that TALK-1 and TALK-2 channels, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, are strongly and specifically activated by nitric oxide (obtained with a mixture of sodium nitroprussate (SNP) and dithiothreitol (DTT)), superoxide anion (obtained with xanthine and xanthine oxidase) and singlet oxygen (obtained upon photoactivation of rose bengal, and with chloramine T). Other nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (NOS and ROS) donors, as well as reducing conditions were found to be ineffective on TALK-1, TALK-2 and TASK-2 (sin-1, angeli's salt, SNP alone, tBHP, H(2)O(2), and DTT). These results suggest that, in the exocrine pancreas, specific members of the NOS and ROS families could act as endogenous modulators of TALK channels with a role in normal secretion as well as in disease states such as acute pancreatitis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Duprat
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 6097, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Vabonne, France
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19
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Yago MD, Mañas M, Ember Z, Singh J. Nitric oxide and the pancreas: morphological base and role in the control of the exocrine pancreatic secretion. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 219:107-20. [PMID: 11354241 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010834611480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of nitric oxide synthase in both neuronal and non-neuronal pancreatic tissues and the role of nitric oxide in the control of exocrine pancreatic secretion are reviewed in this article. Earlier reports based on in vivo studies suggested that nitric oxide can affect the secretory activity of the exocrine pancreas through changes in pancreatic blood flow. More recently, the employment of either nitric oxide synthase inhibitors or nitric oxide donors in in vitro preparations has provided evidence that nitric oxide can exert a direct action on this gland independently on its vascular effects. Most research in this area seems to indicate that modulation of exocrine pancreatic function by nitric oxide is exerted via activation of guanylate cyclase and generation of cGMP, although other pathways cannot be excluded. Experiments performed over the last year in our laboratory reveal a novel and interesting mechanism based on the ability of nitric oxide to control the release of endogenous neurotransmitter in the pancreas and, subsequently, the nerve-mediated enzyme secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Yago
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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20
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Andrzejewska A, Jurkowska G. Nitric oxide protects the ultrastructure of pancreatic acinar cells in the course of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Int J Exp Pathol 1999; 80:317-24. [PMID: 10632781 PMCID: PMC2517840 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.1999.00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) as a unique biological mediator that has been implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes may have a significant influence on the course of acute pancreatitis and the recovery process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a NO synthase inhibitor or a substrate for NO endogenous production on the ultrastructural features of the acinar cells in the course of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in the rats by a supramaximal dose of caerulein. During acute pancreatitis induction, the rats were treated with L-arginine (the substrate for NO synthesis), NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, NO synthase inhibitor), L-arginine + L-NNA or saline. Light and electron microscopy examinations were performed in all groups after pancreatitis induction and additionally after 7 and 14 days of recovery. The study demonstrated that the NO synthase inhibitor given during pancreatitis induction in rats enhances the damage to the acinar cells, detected ultrastructurally, and increases the cellular inflammatory infiltration. In the later period, the considerable damage to the mitochondria and the changes in secretory compartment were observed, including dilated cisternae of Golgi apparatus, focal degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and reduced number of zymogen granules and condensing vacuoles. L-arginine reversed to some extent the deleterious effect of L-NNA, although when administered alone it had no apparent effect on the ultrastructure of pancreatic acinar cells compared with untreated animals. The obtained results indicate that the NO synthase inhibitor enhances the ultrastructural degenerative alterations in the pancreatic acinar cells in the course of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and confirm the protective role of endogenous nitric oxide in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andrzejewska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Poland
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21
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Jaworek J, Konturek SJ, Szlachcic A. The role of CGRP and afferent nerves in the modulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1997; 22:137-46. [PMID: 9387036 DOI: 10.1007/bf02787472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Stimulation of pancreatic sensory nerves by capsaicin produced secretory effects probably caused, at least in part, by the release of CGRP. BACKGROUND In the pancreas calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been localized in the sensory nerves, but its physiological role is unknown. This study was undertaken to compare the changes of pancreatic enzyme secretion produced by CGRP and by stimulation or destruction of sensory nerves. METHODS To stimulate sensory nerves, low doses of capsaicin (0.25-0.5 mg/kg) were given intraduodenally to the conscious rats with chronic pancreatic fistula. To inactivate sensory nerves high doses of capsaicin (100 mg/kg) were given subcutaneously 10 d before tests. For the in vitro experiments pancreatic slices and isolated pancreatic acini were prepared from intact and capsaicin-denervated rats. RESULTS In conscious rats, CGRP given subcutaneously (5-10 micrograms/kg) and low doses of capsaicin given intraduodenally reduced basal pancreatic secretion. In isolated pancreatic acini, CGRP (10(-10)-10(-6) M), but not capsaicin, increased basal or secretagog-stimulated amylase release. In pancreatic slices (containing nerve fibers) capsaicin (10(-10)-10(-6) M) increased enzyme secretion, and this secretion was abolished by previous inactivation of sensory nerves by this neurotoxin. Capsaicin deactivation did not affect the secretory response of pancreatic acini to CGRP, cerulein, or urecholine. Sensory denervation by capsaicin did not change basal protein secretion, but reduced that produced by feeding or diversion of pancreatic juice to the exterior during first 2 h of the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaworek
- Institute of Physiology, Colleguim Medicum Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Dembinski A, Warzecha Z, Konturek PJ, Ceranowicz P, Konturek SJ. Influence of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and nitric oxide (NO) on cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1996; 19:179-89. [PMID: 8807363 DOI: 10.1007/bf02787366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Stimulation of afferent neurons by capsaicin exerts protective activity against cerulein-induced pancreatitis. This action is dependent on endogenous release of nitric oxide (NO). Deactivation of afferent neurons by high doses of capsaicin contributes to the severity of pancreatitis. This action involves mainly decreased pancreatic blood flow (PBF). Afferent nerves and NO cooperate in the maintenance of the integrity of pancreatic tissue. BACKGROUND Stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers protects gastric mucosa against damage and causes changes in mucosal blood flow. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of stimulation or ablation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons and NO in the course of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in the rat. METHODS Low and high doses of capsaicin were administered to animals with pancreatitis and to those without pancreatitis. The effect of several parameters was assessed. NO activity was blocked by NG-nitro-L-arginine. RESULTS We found that a low dose of capsaicin administered intragastrically caused an increase in PBF. A neurotoxic dose of capsaicin caused a decrease in PBF, RNA content, and DNA synthesis. Pancreatitis led to a significant decrease in PBF and DNA synthesis, but an increase in pancreatic weight, protein content, plasma amylase concentration, and neutrophil adherence. Stimulatory doses of capsaicin attenuated the pancreatic tissue damage of pancreatitis, and alteration of PBF, DNA synthesis, and neutrophil adherence. Capsaicin-induced ablation of afferent neurons caused an increase in all indicators of pancreatic damage. Blocking NO enhanced pancreatic damage, and this was reversed by addition of L-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dembinski
- Institute of Physiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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23
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Sweiry JH, Mann GE. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1996; 219:10-5. [PMID: 8865464 DOI: 10.3109/00365529609104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last 10 years, the role of oxidative stress in pancreatitis and the benefits or otherwise of antioxidants has been the subject of numerous research papers. There is general agreement that glutathione and other sulphydryl compounds are depleted while lipid peroxidation is increased in pancreatic tissue during the development of acute pancreatitis. Treatment with antioxidants has been shown to reduce acinar cell injury and oedema in various animal models of pancreatitis, suggesting that the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species depletes cellular antioxidant defences. Evidence for a role for bradykinin and nitric oxide in pancreatitis has been conflicting with some studies suggesting these agents might ameliorate pancreatic dysfunction by enhancing pancreatic blood flow and secretion in response to bradykinin-stimulated generation of nitric oxide from endothelium, while other studies suggest that nitric oxide potentiates pancreatic oxidative stress. Thus, there is clearly a need for well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the protective role of antioxidant therapy in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Sweiry
- Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College London, UK
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24
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Fischer H, Konturek JW, Szlachcic A, Konturek SJ, Domschke W. Plasma amino acid consumption and pancreatic secretion during and after cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1995; 18:127-34. [PMID: 8530828 DOI: 10.1007/bf02785886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in pancreatic exocrine secretion during the course of acute pancreatitis is a well-documented process. However, the mechanisms underlying this reduced pancreatic function are not fully understood. To analyze pancreatic protein synthesis and secretion during and after cerulein-induced pancreatitis, we performed the plasma amino acid consumption test on conscious rats. After stimulation with 1 microgram cerulein/kg/h sc for 1 h, the control group with intact pancreas exhibited a decrease in plasma amino acid by about 15%, and this decrease could be abolished by the administration of the specific CCK-receptor antagonist, loxiglumide. Protein and amylase secretion were augmented by cerulein to about 400% of control values. Upon supramaximal stimulation of the pancreas with cerulein (20 micrograms/kg/h sc for 5 h), we observed a profound decrease of pancreatic secretion, which was accompanied by a more prolonged and more pronounced decrease of plasma amino acids (25%). Two hours after cessation of the supramaximal stimulation of pancreatic secretion (to induce pancreatitis), the administration of 1 microgram/kg/h of cerulein for 1 h resulted in a further decrease of amino plasma acid level, whereas no stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion was observed. Eighteen hours later, repeated administration of 1 microgram/kg/h of cerulein was still able to induce amino acid decrease by 20%, but again, no stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion was detectable. We conclude that, in the time course of acute cerulein-induced hyperstimulation, there might be an imbalance between synthesis of pancreatic enzymes (reflected by amino acid consumption) and the release of exocrine pancreatic secretion into the duodenum, which may be explained by leakage of proteolytic enzymes from damaged acinar cells into the extracellular space of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fischer
- Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Germany
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25
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Bilski J, Konturek JW, Konturek SJ, Domschke W. The involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in vagal-cholinergic stimulation of exocrine and endocrine pancreas in dogs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1995; 18:41-9. [PMID: 7594769 DOI: 10.1007/bf02825420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from L-arginine (L-arg) by NO synthase (NOS) in vascular epithelium and nerve terminals, affects exocrine pancreatic secretion, but its role in control of endocrine pancreas has not been studied. In this study, the role of NO in the control of pancreatic secretion in response to vagal-cholinergic stimulation and duodenal infusion of nutrients was determined in conscious dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas. Sham feeding (SF), urecholine iv infusion, and duodenal perfusion with nutrients were used to stimulate the pancreatic protein secretion, and insulin and glucagon release in tests without and with iv infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of NO synthase, L-arg, a substrate of NOS, or their combination was used. SF, urecholine, and duodenal nutrient resulted in the stimulation of pancreatic protein secretion reaching, respectively, 50, 20, and 42% of cerulein maximum. Infusion of L-arg almost doubled the basal protein secretion and tended to increase the secretory response to SF and duodenal nutrient. After infusion of L-NNA, the pancreatic secretory responses to SF, urecholine, and duodenal nutrient were inhibited by about 70, 30, and 75%, respectively. When L-arg was combined with L-NNA, the reduction in pancreatic secretion by L-NNA was significantly attenuated. SF resulted in a significant rise in plasma insulin and glucagon, and this response was completely abolished by L-NNA infusion. Urecholine and duodenal nutrient also resulted in a marked increment in plasma insulin and glucagon, the insulin (but not glucagon) increment being abolished by the pretreatment with L-NNA and reversed by the addition of L-arg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bilski
- Institute of Physiology, University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
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