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de Araújo Silva EF, da Silva Gomes JA, Figueira de Oliveira ML, Furtado de Carvalho Noya AGA, Peixoto Magalhães C, da Silva JV, da Silva LH, Tenorio BM, Moraes Valença M, Mendes Tenorio FDCA. Protective effect of exogenous melatonin on testicular histopathology and histomorphometry of adult rats with domperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100791. [PMID: 37517145 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia is a pathological condition resulting from increased prolactin that directly affects reproduction, as this condition inhibits the release of LH, FSH and gonadal steroidogenesis, bringing several negative clinical associations in reproduction. In contrast, melatonin (MEL) plays an important role in the regulation of steroidogenesis and modulates damages to the process of spermatogenesis. The objective was to analyze the protective effects of exogenous melatonin on the testis of hyperprolactinemic adult rats. Forty-eight male rats were used, divided into two treatment periods: 30 and 60 days, each treatment was subdivided into three groups: Control, Hyper (hyperprolactinemia), and Hyper+MEL (hyperprolactinemia and melatonin). Treatment with melatonin was 200 μg/100 g, subcutaneously. Induction of hyperprolactinemia was obtained with a dose of 4 mg/kg of domperidone, subcutaneously. The results of the histopathology demonstrated that the animals in the Hyper group presented degeneration of germ cells when compared to the control. In addition, the degenerations were presented in smaller quantities in the Hyper+MEL, in both treatment periods, evidencing the benefits of the melatonin in gonadal regeneration. The Hyper group of both treatment periods showed a decrease in tubular diameter, epithelium height, and tubular area, in addition to a decrease in Sertoli cells, when compared to the control and the Hyper+MEL group. In conclusion, the hyperprolactinemia can affect the germinal epithelium and testicular microstructure; the exogenous melatonin has a protective effect against hyperprolactinemia, reducing testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Anderson da Silva Gomes
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - João Vitor da Silva
- Anatomy Laboratory of the Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique da Silva
- Anatomy Laboratory of the Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Tenorio
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Moraes Valença
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Yassin A, Saad F, Alwani M, Aboumarzouk OM, Al-Zoubi RM, Nettleship J, Kelly D, Al-Ansari A. The effects of long-term testosterone treatment on endocrine parameters in hypogonadal men: 12-year data from a prospective controlled registry study. Aging Male 2022; 25:185-191. [PMID: 35903984 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2099828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone therapy (TTh) is the primary treatment for aging men with functional hypogonadism. Whilst the benefits of testosterone (T) replacement are well-evidenced, the long-term data for TTh on metabolic and endocrine parameters is limited. Here we present the effect of TTh on endocrine parameters in hypogonadal men at a 12-year follow-up. In this single-centre, cumulative, prospective, registry study, 321 hypogonadal men (mean age: 58.9 years) received testosterone undecanoate injections in 12-week intervals for up to 12 years. Blood samples were taken at every other visit to measure levels of total T (TT), calculated free T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone and prolactin. We observed an increase in TT of 15.5 nmol/L (p < 0.0001), a reduction in SHBG of 10.5 nmol/L (p < 0.0001) and an increase in calculated free T of 383.04 pmol/L (p < 0.0001) over the study period. This was accompanied by an increase in estradiol levels by 14.9 pmol/L (p < 0.0001), and decreases in progesterone (0.2 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), LH (10.4 U/L, p < 0.0001) and FSH (8.4 U/L, p < 0.0001) were demonstrated at 12-years. The levels of prolactin remained unchanged. Long-term TTh altered hormonal parameters to predictably modify the endocrine system. These effects were sustained during the entire observation time of 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksam Yassin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Farid Saad
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
- Gulf Medical University School of Medicine, Ajman, U.A.E
| | - Mustafa Alwani
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Surgical Research Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M Aboumarzouk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M Al-Zoubi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joanne Nettleship
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Kelly
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abdulla Al-Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Zhao J, Ma Y, Zhai X, Li H, Wang Z, Chong T. Elevated free testosterone levels and reduced very low-density lipoprotein levels in men with lifelong premature ejaculation: a preliminary study. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211002681. [PMID: 33884915 PMCID: PMC8072105 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211002681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate sex hormone and blood lipid levels in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) in China. Methods Sex hormone and blood lipid levels were measured in 156 patients with LPE and 76 healthy controls. The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation-5 Questionnaires (CIPE-5) were applied to diagnose and grade LPE. Results PEDT and CIPE-5 scores were significantly altered in the LPE group compared with the control group. Free testosterone levels were significantly higher in the LPE group than in the control group. Free testosterone levels were also significantly higher in the mild, moderate, and severe LPE subgroups than in the control group. Total testosterone and prolactin levels tended to be lower in the control group than in the LPE group. Very low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower in the LPE group and LPE subgroups than in the control group. Triglyceride levels were highest in controls and decreased with progression of LPE. Conclusions Patients with LPE have higher free testosterone levels and lower very low-density lipoprotein levels than controls. These findings indicate that these factors might be indices for LPE. However, the reasons for these phenomena need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shananxi, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shananxi, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhai
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shananxi, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shananxi, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shananxi, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shananxi, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Sexual function in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Int J Impot Res 2021; 33:439-447. [PMID: 33746211 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has a deleterious effect on sexual functions and general well-being in men. Despite this evidence, however, patient and couple knowledge about ADT side effects as well as their management is poor. Similar considerations can be made for physician endorsement of management strategies. In this paper, we summarize and critically discuss available evidence regarding the possible associations between ADT and sexual dysfunction as well as the best therapeutical options. Preclinical data show that ADT is associated with penile contractility impairment as well as lower response to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i). Available data indicate that ADT resulted in a five to sixfold increased risk of reduced libido and in a threefold increased risk of ED confirming the main role of testosterone in regulating sexual desire. Despite this evidence, sexuality remains an important aspect of health and well-being for men and their partner. The best therapeutical options depend on patient and couple desires and needs. When nonpenetrative erections are still possible, nonpenetrative activities should be encouraged to maintain sexual intimacy. A combined and personal educational program including the collaboration of different professional figures (including general physicians, oncologists, andrologists, sexologists, and psychologists) trained in sexual medicine is advisable in order to provide the best support to subjects undergoing ADT.
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5
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Görmüş G, Ilgın S, Baysal M, Karaduman AB, Kılıç V, Aydoğan-Kılıç G, Karagöz O, Atlı-Eklioğlu Ö. Risperidone induced reproductive toxicity in male rats targeting leydig cells and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by inducing oxidative stress. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13813. [PMID: 33108826 DOI: 10.1111/and.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Risperidone (RIS), a commonly used drug during a lifetime for the treatment of schizophrenia, causes some adverse effects in the male reproductive system; however, there is no comprehensive reproductive toxicity study of RIS. For this purpose, male rats were administered orally for 1.25, 2.5 and 3 mg/kg RIS for 28 days and the sperm count, motility, morphology, DNA damage and the histological changes in testicular tissue were evaluated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and serum levels of testosterone, which are the main hormonal regulators of reproduction, and testicular glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as the indicators of oxidative stress were determined. Normal sperm morphology was decreased in RIS groups and histopathological degeneration occurred in testis tissue dose-dependently. Serum LH levels were not altered; however, FSH and testosterone levels decreased in the high-dose group. Histopathologic examination showed RIS toxicity targeted Leydig cells, which might be associated with impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. GSH levels were decreased and MDA levels were increased in the high-dose group which was evaluated as indicators of oxidative stress. In conclusion, RIS caused reproductive toxicity in male rats by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Görmüş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Merve Baysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gözde Aydoğan-Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Onur Karagöz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı-Eklioğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Carlitz EHD, Runge JN, König B, Winkler L, Kirschbaum C, Gao W, Lindholm AK. Steroid hormones in hair reveal sexual maturity and competition in wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Sci Rep 2019; 9:16925. [PMID: 31729421 PMCID: PMC6858357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine data from wild populations provide important insight into social systems. However, obtaining samples for traditional methods involves capture and restraint of animals, and/or pain, which can influence the animal’s stress level, and thereby undesirable release of hormones. Here, we measured corticosterone, testosterone and progesterone in the hair of 482 wild-derived house mice that experienced sexual competition while living under semi-natural conditions. We tested whether sex, age, weight and indicators of sexual maturity, reproduction and social conflicts predict hormone concentrations measured in hair (sampling at endpoint). We show that body weight, sex and age significantly predict cumulative testosterone and progesterone levels, allowing the differentiation between subadults and adults in both sexes. Corticosterone was only slightly elevated in older males compared to older females and increased with the level of visible injuries or scars. Testosterone in males positively correlated with body weight, age, testes size, and sperm number. Progesterone in females significantly increased with age, body weight, and the number of embryos implanted throughout life, but not with the number of litters when controlled for age and weight. Our results highlight the biological validity of hair steroid measurements and provide important insight into reproductive competition in wild house mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther H D Carlitz
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan-Niklas Runge
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara König
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Winkler
- Department of Applied Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna K Lindholm
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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The Impact of Morphine on Reproductive Activity in Male Rats Is Regulated by Rf-Amid-Related Peptide-3 and Substance P Adjusting Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:456-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Ge F. Effects of combined extracts of Lepidium meyenii and Allium tuberosum Rottl. on erectile dysfunction. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:135. [PMID: 31215433 PMCID: PMC6582574 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual problems are widespread and adversely affect the interpersonal relationships and the quality of life. Currently, synthetic drugs improving sexual function are available, but expenditures for such agents are extremely high. To discover relatively inexpensive, widely available and effective natural drugs, we identified a combined extracts from Lepidium meyenii (maca) root and Allium tuberosum Rottl. (Chinese chive) seed, assessed the effects of this combined extracts on erectile dysfunction, and explored its potential mechanisms. METHODS The extracts were obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. Male BALB/c mice received doses of extract from single plant or the combined extracts (200 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 14 d, and Viagra was used as the positive control drug. Sexual behaviour was observed, and concentrations of serum testosterone, nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in serum as well as in penis were measured. In addition, weights of genital organs were also measured. RESULTS The combined extracts of maca root and Chinese chive seed (1:1, w/w) had a 45-fold increase in macamide content compared with maca extract. It also led to significantly higher ejaculation frequency (P < 0.05) than single extract from maca root or Chinese chive seed, with no corresponding effect on genital indices. In addition, the NO level in serum (P < 0.01) and penis (P < 0.05) increased notably, as well as the level of cGMP in penis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the combined extracts produced better synergistic effects on male sexual function than maca extract or Chinese chive extract alone. These positive effects may involve the upregulation of NO and cGMP concentrations in penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Feixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Fahuan Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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Deshpande SS, Nemani H, Pothani S, Khambata K, Kumar A, Kallamadi PR, Balasinor NH. Genetically Inherited Obesity and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Differentially Alter Spermatogenesis in Adult Male Rats. Endocrinology 2019; 160:220-234. [PMID: 30496384 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder with predominantly genetic and/or environmental causes. Our aim was to delineate effects of genetically inherited and high-fat diet-induced obesity on fertility and spermatogenesis using two Wistar rat models: genetically inherited obese (GIO) WNIN/Ob rats and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats, which received a high-fat diet. The terminal body weights were similar in both groups, but there was a significant difference in metabolic and hormone profiles between the groups. Fertility assessment revealed a significant decrease in the litter size due to increased pre- and postimplantation loss in the DIO group, whereas the rats in the GIO group were infertile due to lack of libido. Significantly decreased sperm counts were observed in the GIO group compared with the DIO group. Enumeration of testicular cells on the basis of ploidy and cell type-specific expression markers, to study the effect of obesity on spermatogenesis, demonstrated that the GIO and DIO states affected mitosis: spermatogonia and S-phase population were increased. However, distinctive effects were observed on meiosis and spermiogenesis in both the groups. Differential effects of GIO and DIO on fertility and spermatogenesis could be due to the significant difference in white adipose tissue accumulation between the groups and not due to high body weights. The differential effects of obesity suggest male obesity-induced infertility observed in humans could be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari S Deshpande
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Harishankar Nemani
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kushaan Khambata
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Anita Kumar
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Prathap Reddy Kallamadi
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nafisa H Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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Cakir SS, Ozcan L, Besiroglu H, Dursun M, Polat EC, Otunctemur A, Ozbek E. Visceral adiposity index is associated with premature ejaculation inversely: a cross-sectional study. Aging Male 2018; 21:206-210. [PMID: 29338524 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1427712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel indicator for the assessment of visceral obesity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between VAI and premature ejaculation (PE). MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of 300 men were included in the study. Hundred and fifty men with PE and 150 men without PE (control). All men were evaluated for PE by premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). VAI levels were calculated using body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein and triglyceride (TG) levels. RESULTS Mean age of the study groups was 34.3 ± 5.2 (30-60) years and the mean age of the controls were 35.9 ± 5.3 (30-60) years. The men with PE had lower BMI, TG levels, waist circumference (WC) and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Mean VAI level was 4.13 ± 0.7 in study group and 5.72 ± 1.6 in control group, respectively. VAI levels were statistically higher in men without PE (p < .001). DISCUSSION Our cross-sectional study demonstrated a negative correlation between VAI and PE. VAI is superior index for the evaluation and calculation the relationship between obesity and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levent Ozcan
- b Kocaeli Derince Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | | | - Murat Dursun
- d Malatya Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Emre Can Polat
- e Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Saglik Bakanligi Okmeydani Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Emin Ozbek
- f Istanbul Universitesi Cerrahpasa Tip Fakultesi , Istanbul , Turkey
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11
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Oumaima A, Tesnim A, Zohra H, Amira S, Ines Z, Sana C, Intissar G, Lobna E, Ali J, Meriem M. Investigation on the origin of sperm morphological defects: oxidative attacks, chromatin immaturity, and DNA fragmentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13775-13786. [PMID: 29508198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation can be deleterious on spermatozoon morphology but the pathogenesis of teratozoospermia associated with DNA breaks is not fully understood, even if oxidative attacks and defects in chromatin maturation are hypothesized. Therefore, this study is one of the first to clarify on the underlying hypothesizes behind such observations. The objectives of our study were to assess the role of oxidative attacks in DNA damage pathogenesis in ejaculated spermatozoa from patients with isolated teratozoospermia. We aimed to assess the correlation of DNA breaks with morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, as well as ROS level and impairment chromatin condensation. A total of 90 patients were divided into two groups, men with isolated teratozoospermia (n = 60) and men with normal semen parameters (n = 30) as controls. DNA fragmentation was evaluated by TUNEL assay; chromatin immaturity was studied using acridine orange and toluidine blue staining. We evaluated the ability of spermatozoa to produce reactive oxygen species with nitro blue tetrazolium staining. Patient with teratozoospermia when compared to fertile men showed significantly higher rates of semen ROS production, sperm hypocondensated chromatin, denaturated DNA, and fragmented DNA. All these parameters were positively correlated with abnormal sperm morphology. The studied DNA integrity markers were also correlated with ROS production. Fragmented DNA is the main pathway leading to morphology defects in the sperm. In fact, impaired chromatin compaction may induce DNA breaks and free radicals, which can break the DNA backbone indirectly, by reducing protamination and disulphide bond formation, as oxidative attack appears to be the major cause of poor semen morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Oumaima
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ajina Tesnim
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haouas Zohra
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sallem Amira
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zidi Ines
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chakroun Sana
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Grissa Intissar
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ezzi Lobna
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jlali Ali
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Meriem
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
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12
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Gao F, Jiang B, Cang Z, Wang N, Han B, Li Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Xia F, Zhai H, Chen C, Lu M, Meng Y, Lu Y, Shen Z. Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Erectile Dysfunction: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Men. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2087. [PMID: 28522875 PMCID: PMC5437090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role that serum uric acid (UA) plays in the pathophysiological development of erectile dysfunction (ED) is controversial. We aimed to screen the factors related with ED, and to examine the association between serum UA and ED. Our data were derived from a cross-sectional Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors study in 2014–2015. Questionnaire of International Index of Erectile Dysfunction-5 was used for assessment of ED. Data were collected in three general communities respectively. A total of 1365 men were enrolled with an overall mean age 55.5 ± 10.8 years (range: 20–83 years). The prevalence of ED was 62.4% (51.4% standardized) in the population. Males with ED were older, and more prone to have a higher follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose levels and lower free androgen index (FAI), UA levels, and more likely to have diabetes and elevated blood pressure compared with those without ED. Age and UA were independent influencing factors for ED. Besides, UA was positively correlated with FAI after adjustment for age. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective role that UA might play in development of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Boren Jiang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhen Cang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hualing Zhai
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Abstract
Psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants, all have negative effects on sexual function and semen quality. These adverse events vary among men and are less pronounced for some medications, allowing their effects to be managed to some extent. Use of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is prevalent in men of reproductive age; and application to treat premature ejaculation increases the number of young men on SSRI therapy. Oxidative damage to sperm can result from prolonged residence in the male reproductive tract. The increase in ejaculatory latency seen with SSRIs likely underlies some of their negative effects on semen quality, including higher sperm DNA fragmentation, seen in all SSRIs evaluated thus far. These medications increase prolactin (PRL) levels in some men, and this is often credited with inhibitory effects on male reproduction; however, testosterone levels are generally normal, reducing the likelihood of direct HPG axis inhibition by PRL. The tricyclic antidepressants have also been shown to increase PRL levels in some studies but not in others. The exception is the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine, which profoundly increases PRL levels and may depress semen quality. Other antidepressants modulating synaptic levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine may have toxicity similar to SSRIs, but most have not been evaluated. In limited studies, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) and serotonin agonist/reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) have had minimal effects on PRL levels and on sexual side effects. Antipsychotic medications increase PRL, decrease testosterone, and increase sexual side effects, including ejaculatory dysfunction. The greatest evidence is for chlorpromazine, haloperidol, reserpine, risperidone, and thioridazine, with less effects seen with aripiprazole and clozapine. Remarkably few studies have looked at antipsychotic effects on semen quality, and this is an important knowledge gap in reproductive pharmacology. Lithium increases PRL and LH levels and decreases testosterone although this is informed by few studies. The anticonvulsants, many used for other indications, generally decrease free or bioavailable testosterone with variable effects on the other reproductive hormones. Valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and levetiracetam decrease semen quality; other anticonvulsants have not been investigated for this adverse reaction. Studies are required evaluating endpoints of pregnancy and offspring health for psychotropic medications.
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Liu X, Miao M, Zhou Z, Gao E, Chen J, Wang J, Sun F, Yuan W, Li DK. Exposure to bisphenol-A and reproductive hormones among male adults. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:934-941. [PMID: 25818109 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected human endocrine disruptor which is widely used. METHODS In order to determine whether urine BPA level is associated with serum reproductive hormone levels among male adults, we carried out a cross-sectional study in China. We recruited 592 male workers and collected their urine samples for BPA measurement. We also collected blood samples and examined serum reproductive hormones. We used multiple linear regression and log-binomial model to examine associations between urine BPA level and hormone levels after controlling for age and smoking status. RESULTS An increased urine BPA level was associated with increased prolactin (p<0.001), estradiol (p<0.001), sex hormone-binding globulin level (p=0.001), and a reduced androstenedione (p<0.001) and free androgen index level (p=0.021). Males, whose urine BPA level was in the 2nd, 3rd and highest quartiles, had respectively 1.58, 1.33 and 3.09-fold increased prevalence of having a high prolactin level (>P75 level). The highest quartile of BPA level was associated with 1.63 and 1.50-fold increased prevalence of having a high estradiol and elevated sex hormone-binding globulin level. Males with higher quartile of BPA level had a lower inhibin B level. CONCLUSION High BPA exposure is associated with increased prolactin, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin level in males, and may contribute to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ersheng Gao
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - De-Kun Li
- Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kendler M, Kratzsch J, Wetzig T, Simon JC. Sex steroid hormones are not altered in great saphenous veins after varicose vein treatment in male patients. Phlebology 2013; 29:310-7. [PMID: 23508002 DOI: 10.1177/0268355513478586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess differences in blood samples (sex steroid hormone levels and blood counts) before and after surgical treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins (GSV) in males. METHODS Antecubital vein and GSV blood samples were taken from 11 men with varicose veins and GSV reflux before and after treatment. Six patients were treated with high ligation, stripping and phlebectomy. Five patients were treated with endoluminal radiofrequency ablation and phlebectomy. After a four-year follow-up period (FU) cubital vein and GSV blood samples were taken again. RESULTS In men with varicose veins, significantly higher (P < 0.05) serum testosterone (median 25.18 nmol/L, range 8.82-225.1) and oestradiol (median 179 pmol/L, range 79-941) levels were found in the saphenous vein samples before and after the FU (testosterone 18.8 nmol/L, range 7.96-83.1, oestradiol 171 pmol/L range 125-304) compared with the cubital vein samples before therapy (testosterone 15.72 nmol/L, range 8.36-23.29; oestradiol 84 pmol/L, range 41-147) and after the FU (testosterone 14.5 nmol/L, range 6.10-22.2, oestradiol 117 pmol/L, range 95-165). After the FU, one patient demonstrated recurrent varicose veins with groin neovascularization. Another presented with axial reflux of the anterior accessory saphenous vein. Further differences in blood counts and serum androstenedione levels between the upper and lower extremities were not detected. CONCLUSION The differences between testosterone and oestradiol levels in the leg veins compared with the cubital veins persist after treating men with refluxing saphenous veins. These results suggest that local hormone regulation may be different between leg and arm veins in men with varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kendler
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Kratzsch
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Wetzig
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Putative molecular mechanism underlying sperm chromatin remodelling is regulated by reproductive hormones. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:23. [PMID: 23241214 PMCID: PMC3549752 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The putative regulatory role of the male reproductive hormones in the molecular mechanism underlying chromatin condensation remains poorly understood. In the past decade, we developed two adult male rat models wherein functional deficits of testosterone or FSH, produced after treatments with 20 mg/Kg/d of cyproterone acetate (CPA) per os, for a period of 15 days or 3 mg/Kg/d of fluphenazine decanoate (FD) subcutaneously, for a period of 60 days, respectively, affected the rate of sperm chromatin decondensation in vitro. These rat models have been used in the current study in order to delineate the putative roles of testosterone and FSH in the molecular mechanism underlying remodelling of sperm chromatin. Results We report that deficits of both testosterone and FSH affected the turnover of polyubiquitylated histones and led to their accumulation in the testis. Functional deficits of testosterone reduced expression of MIWI, the 5-methyl cap binding RNA-binding protein (PIWIlike murine homologue of the Drosophila protein PIWI/P-element induced wimpy testis) containing a PAZ/Piwi-Argonaut-Zwille domain and levels of histone deacetylase1 (HDAC1), ubiquitin ligating enzyme (URE-B1/E3), 20S proteasome α1 concomitant with reduced expression of ubiquitin activating enzyme (ube1), conjugating enzyme (ube2d2), chromodomain Y like protein (cdyl), bromodomain testis specific protein (brdt), hdac6 (histone deacetylase6), androgen-dependent homeobox placentae embryonic protein (pem/RhoX5), histones h2b and th3 (testis-specific h3). Functional deficits of FSH reduced the expression of cdyl and brdt genes in the testis, affected turnover of ubiquitylated histones, stalled the physiological DNA repair mechanism and culminated in spermiation of DNA damaged sperm. Conclusions We aver that deficits of both testosterone and FSH differentially affected the process of sperm chromatin remodelling through subtle changes in the ‘chromatin condensation transcriptome and proteome’, thereby stalling the replacement of ‘dynamic’ histones with ‘inert’ protamines, and altering the epigenetic state of condensed sperm chromatin. The inappropriately condensed chromatin affected the sperm chromatin cytoarchitecture, evident from subtle ultrastructural changes in the nuclei of immature caput epididymal sperm of CPA- or FD-treated rats, incubated in vitro with dithiothreitol.
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Chapin RE, Creasy DM. Assessment of circulating hormones in regulatory toxicity studies II. Male reproductive hormones. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:1063-78. [PMID: 22552397 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312443321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When test article-related testicular toxicity or Leydig cell tumors are identified in nonclinical studies, the measurement of circulating hormones such as luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin, testosterone, or prolactin is often considered in order to aid mechanistic investigations or to identify potential biomarkers in man. Although some hormone levels are relatively constant, others are subject to wide variability owing to pulsatility of secretion, diurnal rhythms, and stress. To avoid being misled, it is important that this variation is factored into any study design that includes hormone measurements. Since all these possibilities start from the pathologist's reading of the tissue sections, we begin with a review of the morphologic changes that are tied to underlying alterations in hormones. We then provide the reader with basic information and representative hormone data, including coefficients of variation, for the major male reproductive hormones in the three main nonclinical species (rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys). Power and probability tables for rats and dogs allow estimates of the number of animals or samples needed to provide a given likelihood of detecting a hormonal change of a given size. More importantly, we highlight the variability of this process and the real value in readers developing this information at their own site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Chapin
- Pfizer Global R&D, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Center of Expertise, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Le JA, Wilson HM, Shehu A, Devi YS, Aguilar T, Gibori G. Prolactin activation of the long form of its cognate receptor causes increased visceral fat and obesity in males as shown in transgenic mice expressing only this receptor subtype. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:931-7. [PMID: 21989556 PMCID: PMC3799815 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To date the best defined function of prolactin (PRL) is its action on the ovary and mammary gland, although it has also been shown to have an effect on lipid metabolism. Using mice engineered to express only the long form of the prolactin receptor (PRL-RL), we demonstrate that PRL acting through PRL-RL alone causes severe adipose accumulation in visceral fat of males at 6 months of age. The increase in visceral fat accumulation is attributed to loss of adipose-derived leptin, which results in diminished lipolysis. The reduction in leptin also corresponds to decreased activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which further results in diminished fatty acid oxidation and increased fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, the blunted AMPK response was only observed in adipose tissue and not in liver suggesting that this PRL mediated effect is tissue specific. A glucose tolerance study inferred that PRL-RL mice may suffer from insulin resistance or a reduction in insulin production that is not due to aberrant expression of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PRL signaling through the long form receptor causes reduced fatty acid oxidation, increased lipid storage, glucose intolerance, and obesity. These findings are of great importance towards understanding the etiology of obesity associated with hyperprolactinemia in humans as well as the role of PRL as a metabolic regulator in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Le
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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Bhuvaneswar CG, Baldessarini RJ, Harsh VL, Alpert JE. Adverse endocrine and metabolic effects of psychotropic drugs: selective clinical review. CNS Drugs 2009; 23:1003-21. [PMID: 19958039 DOI: 10.2165/11530020-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The article critically reviews selected, clinically significant, adverse endocrine and metabolic effects associated with psychotropic drug treatments, including hyperprolactinaemia, hyponatraemia, diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, sexual dysfunction and virilization, weight loss, weight gain and metabolic syndrome (type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension). Such effects are prevalent and complex, but can be managed clinically when recognized. They encourage continued critical assessment of benefits versus risks of psychotropic drugs and underscore the importance of close coordination of psychiatric and general medical care to improve long-term health of psychiatric patients. Options for management of hyperprolactinaemia include lowering doses, switching to agents such as aripiprazole, clozapine or quetiapine, managing associated osteoporosis, carefully considering the use of dopamine receptor agonists and ruling out stress, oral contraceptive use and hypothyroidism as contributing factors. Disorders of water homeostasis may include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), managed by water restriction or slow replacement by hypertonic saline along with drug discontinuation. Safe management of diabetes insipidus, commonly associated with lithium, involves switching mood stabilizer and consideration of potassium-sparing diuretics. Clinical hypothyroidism may be a more useful marker than absolute cut-offs of hormone values, and may be associated with quetiapine, antidepressant and lithium use, and managed by thyroxine replacement. Hyper-parathyroidism requires comprehensive medical evaluation for occult tumours. Hypocalcaemia, along with multiple other psychiatric and medical causes, may result in decreased bone density and require evaluation and management. Strategies for reducing sexual dysfunction with psychotropics remain largely unsatisfactory. Finally, management strategies for obesity and metabolic syndrome are reviewed in light of the recent expert guidelines, including risk assessment and treatments, such as monoamine transport inhibitors, anticonvulsants and cannabinoid receptor antagonists, as well as lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya G Bhuvaneswar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 2nd Floor, Outpatient Clinic of Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Corona G, Ferruccio N, Morittu S, Forti G, Maggi M. Recognising late-onset hypogonadism: a difficult task for sexual health care. JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sperm head morphology is related to high deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:2495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gill-Sharma MK. Prolactin and male fertility: the long and short feedback regulation. Int J Endocrinol 2009; 2009:687259. [PMID: 20011060 PMCID: PMC2778443 DOI: 10.1155/2009/687259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, a pituitary-hypothalamus tissue culture system with intact neural and portal connections has been developed in our lab and used to understand the feedback mechanisms that regulate the secretions of adenohypophyseal hormones and fertility of male rats. In the last decade, several in vivo rat models have also been developed in our lab with a view to substantiate the in vitro findings, in order to delineate the role of pituitary hormones in the regulation of fertility of male rats. These studies have relied on both surgical and pharmacological interventions to modulate the secretions of gonadotropins and testosterone. The interrelationship between the circadian release of reproductive hormones has also been ascertained in normal men. Our studies suggest that testosterone regulates the secretion of prolactin through a long feedback mechanism, which appears to have been conserved from rats to humans. These studies have filled in a major lacuna pertaining to the role of prolactin in male reproductive physiology by demonstrating the interdependence between testosterone and prolactin. Systemic levels of prolactin play a deterministic role in the mechanism of chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Gill-Sharma
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
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Corona G, Razzoli E, Forti G, Maggi M. The use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors with concomitant medications. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:799-808. [PMID: 18997493 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil are considered first-line therapy for the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). In addition to the classical pro-erectile-effect, clinical findings have suggested that they can also influence vascular tone in pulmonary, coronary and other vascular tissues, as well as improving symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, considering the hypothetical widespread application of PDE5i, the potential for drug-drug interactions emerges as a relevant factor in determining the safety profile of PDE5i. Review of relevant literature was conducted using data sources from MEDLINE (1998, to June 2007). The use of nitrates remains the only contraindication for all 3 PDE5i. Vardenafil is also not recommended in patients taking type 1A (such as quinidine, or procainamide) or type 3 antiarrhythmics (such as sotalol, or amiodarone) while no other major limitations have been reported for tadalafil and sildenafil. In contrast to previously reported labeling, recent studies have suggested only a precaution, but not contraindication with the concomitant use of alpha-blockers agents. In addition, precaution is also suggested in the presence of potent CYP3A inhibitors, such as azole antifungals, antiretroviral protease inhibitors, or macrolid antibiotics. This is because sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil are metabolized mainly via the CYP3A4 pathway. On the other hand, statins and testosterone seem to have synergic effects with PDE5i on sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corona
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Soukhova-O'Hare GK, Shah ZA, Lei Z, Nozdrachev AD, Rao CV, Gozal D. Erectile dysfunction in a murine model of sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:644-50. [PMID: 18535258 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-190oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Erectile dysfunction (ED) is frequent in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), one of the hallmarks of OSAS, could mediate ED. OBJECTIVES To determine whether intermittent hypoxia during sleep affects erectile dysfunction in mice. METHODS Three groups of C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CIH for 5 or 24 weeks. Sexual function was evaluated by in vivo telemetry of corpus spongiosum pressure. Spontaneous erections, sexual activity during mating, and noncontact tests were assessed after 5 weeks of CIH and after treatment with tadalafil. Plasma testosterone was measured after 8 and 24 weeks of CIH, and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms was examined in penile tissue. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Noncontact, spontaneous, and contact sexual activity in the mice was suppressed after CIH. Spontaneous erection counts decreased after the first week of CIH by 55% (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged thereafter. Recovery of erectile activity during normoxia for 6 weeks was incomplete. Compared with control mice, latencies for mounts and intromissions increased by 60- and 40-fold, respectively (P < 0.001), and the sexual activity index decreased sixfold. Tadalafil treatment significantly attenuated these effects. Immunoblot analyses of NOS proteins in the erectile tissue showed decreased expression of endothelial NOS after CIH (P < 0.01), with no changes in plasma testosterone levels after 8 and 24 weeks of CIH. CONCLUSIONS CIH during sleep is associated with decreased libido in mice. The decreased expression of endothelial NOS protein in erectile tissue and the favorable response to tadalafil suggest that altered nitric oxide mechanisms underlie CIH-mediated ED. No changes in testosterone emerge after intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia K Soukhova-O'Hare
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Muto S, Yasuda M, Kamiyama Y, Ide H, Horie S. Testosterone decreased urinary-frequency in nNOS-deficient mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2008; 31:67-70. [PMID: 17459122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To observe the effect of testosterone on the frequency of urination in mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS(-/-)), we compared the urination patterns between unanaesthetized male wild-type (n = 27) and nNOS(-/-) mice (n = 50) with or without testosterone treatment. Compared with wild-type mice, nNOS(-/-) mice showed a greater frequency of urination during a 24-h observation period (3.0 vs. 5.4 times/day, p < 0.0001) without any significant difference in the total voided volume or the functional voiding capacity. While testosterone treatment did not affect the urination patterns in wild-type, it decreased the daytime frequency of urination (5.4 vs. 3.7 times, p = 0.0198) and the nighttime urination (4.4 vs. 2.9 times, p = 0.039) in nNOS(-/-) mice. The nNOS(-/-) mice can be a useful animal model for urinary frequency. Testosterone improved the functional abnormalities in the voiding of nNOS(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Muto
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Aleem M, Padwal V, Choudhari J, Balasinor N, Gill-Sharma MK. Sperm protamine levels as indicators of fertilising potential in sexually mature male rats. Andrologia 2008; 40:29-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Morelli A, Corona G, Filippi S, Ambrosini S, Forti G, Vignozzi L, Maggi M. Which patients with sexual dysfunction are suitable for testosterone replacement therapy? J Endocrinol Invest 2007; 30:880-8. [PMID: 18075293 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to all the consensus and statements of the major societies, hypogonadism should be considered a medical problem, termed late onset hypogonadism (LOH) or testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS), only when symptoms are present. One of the most common symptoms of LOH/TDS is sexual dysfunction (SD). The main purpose of this review is to discuss the role of testosterone (T) in men's sexual function, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, and treatment efficacy in patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED). The prevalence of hypogonadism in men with ED ranges from 1.7% to 35%. In ED patients, hypogonadism is often associated with reduced sexual desire and nocturnal penile erections, while association with sex-induced erection is less evident. This is because T regulates not only cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) formation, through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) stimulation, but also its catabolism, through phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity. The androgen-dependent PDE5 expression could explain the reduced effectiveness of PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in hypogonadal patients. Accordingly, T substitution in these subjects restores responsiveness to PDE5i. Recognising hypogonadism in patients with ED is essential in order to appropriately treat the disease. However, suspecting LOH/TDS in SD patients is not an easy task. Recently published structured inventories, such as ANDROTEST, might help physicians to recognize hypogonadism and to further pursue its appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morelli
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Nusier MK, Bataineh HN, Bataineh ZM, Daradka HM. Effect of Frankincense ( Boswellia thurifera) on Reproductive System in Adult Male Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.53.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paick JS, Yang JH, Kim SW, Ku JH. The role of prolactin levels in the sexual activity of married men with erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 2006; 98:1269-73. [PMID: 17125484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) including anthropometry, hormones, metabolic profiles and lifestyle, on sexual activity in married men with ED. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 261 men (mean age 53.7 years, range 23-80), who were evaluated for anthropometry, hormone levels, metabolic profiles and lifestyle factors. Erectile function was evaluated using the self-administered International Index of Erectile Function. Patients were classified into two groups based on the six-item erectile-function domain, as those with sexual activity and those without. RESULTS Of all patients, 62.5% (163 of 261) had no sexual activity (erectile-function domain score <6). There was a significant difference in mean (sem) prolactin level between patients with and with no sexual activity, at 4.8 (0.4) vs 6.8 (0.7) (P = 0.013). Of all patients, 73.7% (42 of 57) with diabetes had no sexual activity, while 59.3% (121 of 204) without diabetes had (P = 0.048). In a multivariate model, a higher prolactin level was associated with a greater likelihood of sexual inactivity (odds ratio 1.094; 95% confidence interval, 1.010-1.185; P = 0.028) but diabetes lost its statistical significance. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for prolactin was 60.5% (95% confidence interval, 52.9-68.1%; P = 0.009) for sexual inactivity. No other factors were significant in this regard. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that prolactin levels might play a role in sexual activity in men with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Paick
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Aleem M, Padwal V, Choudhari J, Balasinor N, Parte P, Gill-Sharma MK. Estradiol affects androgen-binding protein expression and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in adult male rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 253:1-13. [PMID: 16707209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The estrogenicity of certain environmental pollutants is being increasingly correlated to decline in sperm counts and fertility of the males. Qualitative effects, if any, of estrogen(s) on terminal differentiation of spermatids have been less reported. The present study suggests that exposure to estrogen(s) can also alter the status of condensed chromatin in testicular spermatozoa and reduce their fertilizing potential. A significant reduction was evident in the serum gonadotropins, testosterone, weights of reproductive organs, sperm counts and litters sired by male rats after 10 days of estradiol exposure to a dose of 0.1mg/kg/day. Estradiol treatment led to retardation of in vitro decondensation rates of sperm chromatin, reduction in the uptake of acridine orange dye by chromatin, reduction in susceptibility of chromatin to acid denaturation in vitro, reduced uptake of thiol reactive monobromobimane dye and reduced levels of immunoreactive protamine 1 in caput epididymal sperms. Concomitantly, testicular levels of immunoreactive protamine 1, transition proteins 1/2 and cyclic adenosyl response element modulator-tau (CREMtau) were significantly reduced whilst their mRNA levels were unaffected after estradiol treatment. A significant increase was observed in the testicular mRNA levels of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in estradiol treated sires. An inverse correlation was observed between ABP mRNA levels and uptake of acridine orange by estradiol treated caput sperm chromatin. The results suggest that estradiol-induced increase in ABP mRNA underlies the mechanism(s) involved in the reduction in levels of certain proteins involved in nuclear chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Aleem
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Corona G, Petrone L, Mannucci E, Ricca V, Balercia G, Giommi R, Forti G, Maggi M. The impotent couple: low desire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 28 Suppl 2:46-52. [PMID: 16236064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoactive sexual desire (HSD) is the deficiency of sexual fantasies and desire that should be considered as a disorder if it causes distress to the couple. In the general population, it is the most widespread sexuality-related problem. It is generally accepted that testosterone and prolactin regulate sexual desire. We recently reported that other psychobiological factors associate with HSD in a sample of almost 500 male patients attending our Outpatient Clinic for sexual dysfunction, by using SIEDY structured interview. We now originally extend investigation to a threefold broader patient sample. Considering marital parameters, perceived partner's libido and climax, patient's partner diseases, conflictual or even prolonged couple relationship were all significantly associated with an impairment of patients' sexual desire. Moreover, other lifestyle factors as satisfaction at work and/or domestic inhabitant relationship were significantly correlated to hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Among hormonal parameters, severe hyperprolactinaemia (>700 mU/L), although rarely diagnosed (<2.0%), seems to play a greater role than the more common (23%) endocrine disease hypogonadism (testosterone < 12 nm) to the pathogenesis of HSD (RR = 7.5 [2.5-22.4] vs. 1.5 [1.1-1.9], respectively). Both mental disorders and use of medication interfering with sexual function were also significantly associated with HSDD, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms. Finally, HSD was inversely correlated to sexual and masturbation frequency attempts. In conclusion, HSD is associated with several biological, psychological, and relational factors that can be simultaneously identified and quantified using the SIEDY structured interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corona
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence Italy
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