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Laminin Triggers Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Modulates NET Release Induced by Leishmania amazonensis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030521. [PMID: 35327324 PMCID: PMC8945559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are recruited from the blood and transmigrate through the endothelium to reach tissues, where they are prone to respond through different mechanisms, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These responses occur in close contact with proteins from the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, where laminins are abundant. Thus, we investigated the interactions between neutrophils and different laminin (LM) isoforms and analyzed the induction of NETs. We showed that neutrophils stimulated with LM isoforms 111, 211, 332, 411, 421, and 511 released NETs. The same occurred when neutrophils interacted with polymerized LMs 111, 411, and 511. LM-induced NETs were partially inhibited by pretreatment of neutrophils with an anti-α6 integrin antibody. Furthermore, NETs triggered by laminins were dependent on elastase and peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)-4, enzymes that participate in chromatin decondensation. We also found that LMs 411 and LM 511 potentiated the NET release promoted by promastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, and that NETs stimulated by LMs alone display leishmanicidal activity. The ability of LM to induce NET release may have potential implications for the course of inflammation or infection.
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van Grinsven E, Leliefeld PHC, Pillay J, van Aalst CW, Vrisekoop N, Koenderman L. A comprehensive three-dimensional assay to assess neutrophil defense against bacteria. J Immunol Methods 2018; 462:83-90. [PMID: 30205106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil antibacterial capacity is measured in animal models and in vitro as an important indicator of neutrophil function. To be able to extrapolate their conclusions, in vitro experiments should mimic the in vivo situation. In vivo, antibacterial capacity depends on multiple steps of bacterial sensing, priming, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing. Therefore, we developed a simply executed assay that involves multiple steps in one assay. The neutrophils were incorporated into a three-dimensional matrix of fibrin fibers, in which they could freely migrate. The fibrin matrix provided a more physiological representation of tissue structure than a shaken suspension and extended ex vivo survival of neutrophils. Staphylococci endogenously producing GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) provided a real-time quantification of the bacterial load without the need for lysing the fibrin matrix or counting of colony forming units on agar plates. The delay in bacterial outgrowth serves as a measure for the relative antibacterial capacity of the neutrophils. Additionally, neutrophil capacity could easily be measured high-throughput in a 96-wells format. In this new assay we study neutrophil behavior in a physiologically relevant setting and explore many functions of the neutrophil in a single test. The functional capacity of neutrophils from different in vitro treatments or different donors can directly be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinke van Grinsven
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H C Leliefeld
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corneli W van Aalst
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Tavares N, Afonso L, Suarez M, Ampuero M, Prates DB, Araújo-Santos T, Barral-Netto M, DosReis GA, Borges VM, Brodskyn C. Degranulating Neutrophils Promote Leukotriene B4 Production by Infected Macrophages To Kill Leishmania amazonensis Parasites. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1865-73. [PMID: 26800873 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils mediate early responses against pathogens, and they become activated during endothelial transmigration toward the inflammatory site. In the current study, human neutrophils were activated in vitro with immobilized extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (FN), collagen, and laminin. Neutrophil activation by FN, but not other extracellular matrix proteins, induces the release of the granules' contents, measured as matrix metalloproteinase 9 and neutrophil elastase activity in culture supernatant, as well as reactive oxygen species production. Upon contact with Leishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages, these FN-activated neutrophils reduce the parasite burden through a mechanism independent of cell contact. The release of granule proteases, such as myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, activates macrophages through TLRs, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators, TNF-α and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which are involved in parasite killing by infected macrophages. The pharmacological inhibition of degranulation reverted this effect, abolishing LTB4 and TNF production. Together, these results suggest that FN-driven degranulation of neutrophils induces the production of LTB4 and TNF by infected macrophages, leading to the control of Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lilian Afonso
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Martha Suarez
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ampuero
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Deboraci Brito Prates
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Théo Araújo-Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George A DosReis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Instituto Nacional de Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Matos Borges
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Cláudia Brodskyn
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Bertolotto M, Contini P, Ottonello L, Pende A, Dallegri F, Montecucco F. Neutrophil migration towards C5a and CXCL8 is prevented by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs via inhibition of different pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3376-93. [PMID: 24597536 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to induce PG-independent anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we investigated the role of three different NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen and oxaprozin) on neutrophil responses to CXCL8 and C5a. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers by dextran and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients. Neutrophils were pre-incubated with different concentrations (1-100 µM) of NSAIDs or kinase inhibitors. Neutrophil degranulation into supernatants was tested by elisa and zymography. Neutrophil chemotaxis was determined using Boyden chambers. F-actin polymerization was determined by Alexa-Fluor 488-conjugated phalloidin fluorescent assay. Integrin expression was assessed by flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of intracellular kinases was studied by Western blot. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with NSAIDs did not affect neutrophil degranulation, but inhibited neutrophil migration and polymerization of F-actin, in response to CXCL8 and C5a. Pretreatment with different NSAIDs prevented C5a-induced integrin (CD11b) up-regulation, while only ibuprofen reduced CXCL8-induced CD11b up-regulation. Pre-incubation with naproxen or oxaprozin, but not ibuprofen, inhibited the PI3K/Akt-dependent chemotactic pathways. Both endogenous (released in cell supernatants) or exogenous (added to cell cultures) PGE2 did not affect C5a- or CXCL8-induced activities. Short-term incubation with NSAIDs did not affect neutrophil PGE2 release. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with NSAIDs reduced C5a- and CXCL8-induced neutrophil migration and F-actin polymerization via different mechanisms. Inhibition by ibuprofen was associated with integrin down-regulation, while naproxen and oxaprozin blocked the PI3K/Akt pathway. Both NSAID actions were independent of COX inhibition and PGE2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Bastian F, Stelzmüller ME, Kratochwill K, Kasimir MT, Simon P, Weigel G. IgG deposition and activation of the classical complement pathway involvement in the activation of human granulocytes by decellularized porcine heart valve tissue. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1824-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias M, Mesquita J, Lima Filgueira A, De Souza W. Human neutrophils susceptibility toParacoccidioides brasiliensis: an ultrastructural and cytochemical assay. Med Mycol 2008; 46:241-9. [DOI: 10.1080/13693780701824411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fragments of extracellular matrix as mediators of inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:1101-10. [PMID: 18243041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classically, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was viewed as a supporting structure for stabilizing the location of cells in tissues and for preserving the architecture of tissues. This conception has changed dramatically over the past few decades with discoveries that ECM has profound influences on the structure, viability, and functions of cells. Much of the data supporting this new paradigm has been obtained from studies of normal and pathological structural cells such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and malignant cells, as, for example, breast cancer epithelial cells. However, there has also been recognition that effects of ECM on cells extend to inflammatory cells. In this context, attention has been drawn to fragments of ECM components. In this review, we present information supporting the concept that proteolytic fragments of ECM affect multiple functions and properties of inflammatory and immune cells. Our focus is particularly upon neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages and fragments derived from collagens, elastin, and laminins. Hyaluronan fragments, although they are not products of proteolysis, are also discussed, as they are a notable example of ECM fragments that exhibit important effects on inflammatory cells. Further, we summarize some exciting recent developments in this field as a result of mouse models in which defined ECM fragments and their receptors are clearly implicated in inflammation in vivo. Thus, this review underscores the idea that proteolysis of ECM may well have implications that go beyond modifying the structural environment of cells and tissues.
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Raffaghello L, Bianchi G, Bertolotto M, Montecucco F, Busca A, Dallegri F, Ottonello L, Pistoia V. Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neutrophil apoptosis: a model for neutrophil preservation in the bone marrow niche. Stem Cells 2007; 26:151-62. [PMID: 17932421 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) establish close interactions with bone marrow sinusoids in a putative perivascular niche. These vessels contain a large storage pool of mature nonproliferating neutrophils. Here, we have investigated the effects of human bone marrow MSC on neutrophil survival and effector functions. MSC from healthy donors, at very low MSC:neutrophil ratios (up to 1:500), significantly inhibited apoptosis of resting and interleukin (IL)-8-activated neutrophils and dampened N-formyl-l-methionin-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (f-MLP)-induced respiratory burst. The antiapoptotic activity of MSC did not require cell-to-cell contact, as shown by transwell experiments. Antibody neutralization experiments demonstrated that the key MSC-derived soluble factor responsible for neutrophil protection from apoptosis was IL-6, which signaled by activating STAT-3 transcription factor. Furthermore, IL-6 expression was detected in MSC by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, recombinant IL-6 was found to protect neutrophils from apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. MSC had no effect on neutrophil phagocytosis, expression of adhesion molecules, and chemotaxis in response to IL-8, f-MLP, or C5a. These results support the following conclusions: (a) in the bone marrow niche, MSC likely protect neutrophils of the storage pool from apoptosis, preserving their effector functions and preventing the excessive or inappropriate activation of the oxidative metabolism, and (b) a novel mechanism whereby the inflammatory potential of activated neutrophils is harnessed by inhibition of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production without impairing phagocytosis and chemotaxis has been identified.
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Tortorella C, Simone O, Piazzolla G, Stella I, Antonaci S. Age-related impairment of GM-CSF-induced signalling in neutrophils: role of SHP-1 and SOCS proteins. Ageing Res Rev 2007; 6:81-93. [PMID: 17142110 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional activities of mature human neutrophils are strongly influenced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Accordingly, a defective response to GM-CSF might have dramatic consequences for neutrophil functions and the host defence against infections. Such an event is most likely to occur in senescence. A number of studies have, in fact, reported an impairment of the GM-CSF capacity to prime and/or to activate respiratory burst, as well as to delay apoptotic events, in neutrophils from elderly individuals. In the last 2 decades many efforts have been made to explore at molecular levels the mechanism underlying these defects. Recent studies let us depict a scenario in which an increased activity of inhibitory molecules, such as Src homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS), is responsible for the age-related failure of GM-CSF to stimulate neutrophil functions via inhibition of Lyn-, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-dependent pathways. The control of SHP-1 and/or SOCS activity might therefore be an important therapeutic target for the restoration of normal immune responses during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Tortorella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Tortorella C, Simone O, Piazzolla G, Stella I, Cappiello V, Antonaci S. Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor failure to delay fas-induced neutrophil apoptosis in elderly humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 61:1111-8. [PMID: 17167151 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.11.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-stimulated neutrophils from elderly individuals show impaired granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced apoptosis cell rescue. Herein, this defect was found to be associated with a significant reduction in GM-CSF-mediated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Using Akt and ERK1/2 inhibitors, we demonstrated that both kinases were critical for GM-CSF antiapoptotic effects. Whereas Akt inhibition also affected GM-CSF-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, ERK1/2 inhibition did not affect GM-CSF-induced Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and ERK1/2 are activated in series and that PI3-K is located upstream of ERK1/2 along the GM-CSF-dependent signaling pathway. No age-associated changes in GM-CSF receptor expression were observed. Interestingly, both suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 proteins were significantly higher in unstimulated neutrophils from elderly individuals and, unlike in young individuals, did not further increase following GM-CSF cell triggering. These results indicate that defective PI3-K/Akt/ERK1/2 activation, likely dependent on elevated SOCS1 and SOCS3 levels, may affect the GM-CSF capacity to delay neutrophil apoptosis in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Tortorella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Section of Internal Medicine, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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11
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Simhan HN, Anderson BL, Krohn MA, Heine RP, Martinez de Tejada B, Landers DV, Hillier SL. Host immune consequences of asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:59.e1-5. [PMID: 17240235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to define the impact of asymptomatic trichomoniasis on lower genital tract neutrophil activation in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN In this nested cohort study, pelvic examination was performed on 65 asymptomatic pregnant women between 7 and 22 weeks' with vaginal pH > 4.4. Concentrations of cervical interleukin-8 and alpha-defensin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Trichomonas vaginalis was detected by culture. RESULTS Median concentrations of vaginal fluid neutrophil defensins and cervical interleukin-8 were significantly greater among women with asymptomatic trichomoniasis (median defensins 18,622 ng/mL, median IL-8 9244 pg/mL) than their uninfected counterparts (median defensins 5144 ng/mL, median IL-8 2044 pg/mL) (P < .001). All women with asymptomatic trichomoniasis had detectable defensin and interleukin-8 concentrations. CONCLUSION Asymptomatic trichomoniasis in pregnancy is accompanied by a state of neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyagriv N Simhan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Balbi A, Anzaldi M, Mazzei M, Miele M, Bertolotto M, Ottonello L, Dallegri F. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel heterocyclic ionone-like derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5152-60. [PMID: 16682209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Five- and six-membered heterocyclic ionone-like derivatives 4-6 have been synthesised in one step and with good yield from the key intermediate 3a and appropriate bifunctional reagents. Four were active as inhibitors of the respiratory burst of human neutrophils without affecting cell viability. The two most active compounds (5a,d) tested in neutrophil migration assays, were also found to be potent inhibitors of neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness. These two molecules could be considered as lead compounds of new drugs which can be an effective tool to treat psoriasis and related neutrophilic dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Balbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 Genova, Italy.
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Jones NA, Boswell-Smith V, Lever R, Page CP. The effect of selective phosphodiesterase isoenzyme inhibition on neutrophil function in vitro. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004; 18:93-101. [PMID: 15649851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Revised: 09/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived proteases such as neutrophil elastase (NE) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). In this study, the effects of selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition on NE and MMP-9 release, as well as Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were investigated. Human neutrophils were treated with PDE inhibitors (10(-11)-10(-4)M) in the absence and presence of TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor) (100 U ml(-1)) for 30 min, prior to fMLP activation. After 45 min, the cells were removed and NE, MPO and MMP-9 release assessed. In the adhesion studies, the neutrophils were radio-labelled with 51Cr, stimulated and immediately transferred to cultured HUVEC monolayers for 30 min, prior to assessment of adhesion. TNF-alpha (100 U ml(-1)) acted synergistically with fMLP in stimulating azurophil degranulation with respect to both MPO activity (P<0.01) and NE release (P<0.01). In contrast, an additive effect was observed with TNF-alpha and fMLP with regard to MMP-9 release and neutrophil adhesion to HUVECs. The PDE4 inhibitors, roflumilast, roflumilast N-oxide, cilomilast and rolipram significantly suppressed MPO, NE and MMP-9 release in both the presence and absence of TNF-alpha (P<0.05; n=6-10) and also reduced neutrophil adhesion to HUVECs. In contrast, milrinone, a PDE3 inhibitor and the non-selective PDE inhibitor, theophylline did not inhibit azurophil degranulation under any of the experimental conditions. These data provide further evidence that selective PDE4 isoenzyme inhibitors can inhibit neutrophil degranulation, effects not shared by PDE3 inhibitors or theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Jones
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, 5th Floor Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, St Thomas' School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Tsivitse SK, Mylona E, Peterson JM, Gunning WT, Pizza FX. Mechanical loading and injury induce human myotubes to release neutrophil chemoattractants. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 288:C721-9. [PMID: 15548571 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00237.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to 1) test the hypothesis that skeletal muscle cells (myotubes) after mechanical loading and/or injury are a source of soluble factors that promote neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O(2)(-).) production and 2) determine whether mechanical loading and/or injury causes myotubes to release cytokines that are known to influence neutrophil responses [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-8, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)]. Human myotubes were grown in culture and exposed to either a cyclic strain (0, 5, 10, 20, or 30% strain) or a scrape injury protocol. Protocols of 5, 10, and 20% strain did not cause injury, whereas 30% strain and scrape injury caused a modest and a high degree of injury, respectively. Conditioned media from strained myotubes promoted chemotaxis of human blood neutrophils and primed them for O(2)(-). production in a manner that was dependent on a threshold of strain and independent from injury. Neutrophil chemotaxis, but not priming, progressively increased with higher magnitudes of strain. Conditioned media only from scrape-injured myotubes increased O(2)(-). production from neutrophils. Concentrations of IL-8 and total TGF-beta1 in conditioned media were reduced by mechanical loading, whereas TNF-alpha and active TGF-beta1 concentrations were unaffected. In conclusion, skeletal muscle cells after mechanical loading and injury are an important source of soluble factors that differentially influence neutrophil chemotaxis and the stages of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species production. Neutrophil responses elicited by mechanical loading, however, did not parallel changes in the release of IL-8, TGF-beta1, or TNF-alpha from skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Tsivitse
- Department of Kinesiology, University. of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Tortorella C, Stella I, Piazzolla G, Simone O, Cappiello V, Antonaci S. Role of defective ERK phosphorylation in the impaired GM-CSF-induced oxidative response of neutrophils in elderly humans. Mech Ageing Dev 2004; 125:539-46. [PMID: 15336911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GM-CSF-induced oxidative responses are defective in neutrophils of elderly humans. In the present study we evaluated whether this phenomenon might be related to alterations in cytokine-dependent MAPK signalling. Neutrophils obtained from elderly humans and stimulated with GM-CSF showed a significant reduction in phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels and an even higher decrease in ERK1/2 activation with respect to baseline. No changes in GM-CSF-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation were observed. Cell pretreatment with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 determined a marked suppression of GM-CSF-induced O2- release. Interestingly, under the above experimental condition, there was no longer any difference in O2- production observed between elderly and young subjects. Furthermore, despite the fact that the p38 MAPK pathway was activated less strongly by GM-CSF, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduced GM-CSF-induced O2- production in the neutrophils of the elderly to levels similar to those obtained with PD98059. TNF-alpha-triggered O2- production was not altered by ageing and in fact, a similar ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK activation was found in TNF-alpha-stimulated neutrophils from elderly and young individuals. In accordance with the different potency of TNF-alpha in activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, the TNF-alpha-induced oxidative responses were more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of SB203580 than to those of PD98059 in young as well as elderly subjects. These results suggest that, along the GM-CSF-dependent ERK signalling pathway, a step proximal to MEK1/2 but distal to the connection with the p38 MAPK module likely becomes defective as a feature of age. The consequent decline in ERK1/2 activation could potentially account for the GM-CSF-dependent impairment of the neutrophil respiratory burst that occurs with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Tortorella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Bari 70124, Italy.
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Olszowski S, Olszowska E, Kusior D, Piwowarczyk M, Stelmaszynska T. Hypochlorite action on plasma fibronectin promotes its extended conformation in complexes with antibodies. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:449-56. [PMID: 14690247 DOI: 10.1023/b:jopc.0000005460.94172.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) on plasma fibronectin (Fn) aggregation and examined an affinity of Fn aggregates to Fn specific antibodies. Human plasma Fn HOCl/OCl(-)-mediated modification was monitored with differential OD method and with measurements of tryptophan fluorescence followed by acrylamide quenching of tryptophan emission. Antibody fibronectin complex formation was examined in ELISA systems with chemiluminescence (CL) detection. Results were expressed as an average of three experiments performed in triplicate. Fn aggregation/fragmentation was monitored with dynamic light scattering method. It was showed that HOCl/OCl- mediated chlorination promotes Fn aggregation/fragmentation with concomitant oxidation of tryptophan moieties and dichlorotyrosine formation. Quenching experiments revealed that in chlorinated Fn the percentage of intact tryptophan moieties buried in the hydrophobic Fn core increases as compared to unchlorinated Fn. In general, ELISA experiments showed that chlorination of plasma Fn diminished the number of available epitopes but for lower HOCl/OCl- concentrations (1-2 mM) the reverse effect is observed--the number of accessible fibronectin epitopes is increased when Fn adopts extended conformation in complex with antibody. Our results suggest that HOCl/OCl(-)-mediated plasma Fn chlorination leads to the formation of soluble aggregates and is followed by refolding processes. Fn chlorination with low doses of HOCl/OCl- promotes extended Fn conformation which in turn increases affinity toward specific antibodies and may promote Fn-IgG cluster formation. Thus it seems possible that mildly chlorinated plasma Fn promotes formation of IgG clusters which in turn may activate neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Olszowski
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
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Abstract
Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) influences a multitude of molecules, cell types, and processes relevant to inflammation. HS binds to cell surface and matrix proteins, cytokines, and chemokines. These interactions modulate inflammatory cell maturation and activation, leukocyte rolling, and tight adhesion to endothelium, as well as extravasation and chemotaxis. The syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans is the major source of cell surface HS on all cell types. Recent in vitro and in vivo data suggest the involvement of syndecans in the modulation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions and extravasation, the formation of chemokine and kininogen gradients, participation in chemokine and growth factor signaling, as well as repair processes. Thus, the complex role of HS in inflammation is reflected by multiple functions of its physiological carriers, the syndecans. Individual and common functions of the four mammalian syndecan family members can be distinguished. Recently generated transgenic and knockout mouse models will facilitate analysis of the individual processes that each syndecan is involved in.
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Tortorella C, Piazzolla G, Antonaci S. Neutrophil oxidative metabolism in aged humans: a perspective. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:565-72. [PMID: 11792015 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, several studies have pointed out the imbalance of immune responses with advancing age, this accounting for the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to life-threatening diseases. This review is focussed on the role of neutrophil respiratory burst in the age-associated decline of cytotoxicity towards invading microorganisms. Particular emphysys is given to extracellular matrix proteins, acting as physiologic regulators of oxidative activity, as well as to neutrophil cytoskeleton, whose dysfunction is likely to be involved in the agonist-related defect of the coupling between beta2-dependent adhesive and oxidative events occurring in the aging. The role of oxidative metabolism in the increased incidence of apoptotic phenomena observed in neutrophils of aged following cell stimulation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tortorella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Italy.
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Tortorella C, Piazzolla G, Spaccavento F, Vella F, Pace L, Antonaci S. Regulatory role of extracellular matrix proteins in neutrophil respiratory burst during aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 119:69-82. [PMID: 11040403 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil respiratory burst was assessed on plates coated with fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LM), both used at dosages inhibiting polystyrene-triggered cell activation in young healthy volunteers. Under these conditions, a low, yet significant, spontaneous superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, matching with enhanced levels of basal adherence, was detected in FN-plated neutrophils of elderly donors. In contrast, although neutrophil stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), fMLP or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) gave rise to a massive and prolonged FN-primed O(2)(-) release, a significant impairment of oxidative response occurred in the aged group as a result of GM-CSF or fMLP cell challenge. Such an effect was not associated to an age-related imbalance of stimulant-triggered neutrophil adhesiveness to FN, even though a larger contribution of CD18-dependent versus CD18-independent pathways was observed in old as compared to young individuals. Notably, within the aged group, anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody cell pretreatment resulted in a higher suppression of FN-primed O(2)(-) release following TNF-alpha with respect to GM-CSF stimulation, thus implying that an agonist-related defect of the coupling between beta2 integrin-dependent adhesive and oxidative events is likely to occur as a feature of age. All physiological mediators failed to activate the respiratory burst of neutrophils plated on LM-coated wells in both young and aged donors. This effect appears to be the result of an active process, since neutrophils from either group of subjects adhered to LM-coated surfaces and LM inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the FN-priming effect on neutrophil O(2)(-) production. All together the findings provide additional evidence for an imbalance of neutrophil-mediated functions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tortorella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Gregersen R, Lambertsen K, Finsen B. Microglia and macrophages are the major source of tumor necrosis factor in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000; 20:53-65. [PMID: 10616793 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200001000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to be expressed in brain ischemia; however, its cellular and temporal appearance is not fully settled. In this study, nonradioactive in situ hybridization for murine TNF mRNA was performed on brain sections from adult C57x129 mice at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 5 days, or 10 days (six to eight mice per group) after induction of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Cortical infarct volumes were estimated, and TNF mRNA-expressing cells were counted within the infarct and infarct border using Cast-Grid analysis. At 12 hours, a peak of 19.2 +/- 5.1 TNF mRNA-expressing cells/mm2 was counted, contrasting two to three times lower values at 6 and 24 hours (6.4 +/- 4.6 and 9.2 +/- 3.4 cells/mm2, respectively) and <2 cells/mm2 at 48 hours and later stages. The TNF mRNA-expressing cells were distributed along the entire rostrocaudal axis of the cortical infarcts and occasionally within the caudate putamen. At all time points, TNF mRNA colocalized with Mac-1-positive microglia/macrophages but not with Ly-6G (Gr-1)-positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Similarly, combined in situ hybridization for TNF mRNA and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein at 12 and 24 hours revealed no TNF mRNA-expressing astrocytes at these time points. Translation of TNF mRNA into bioactive protein was demonstrated in the neocortex of C57B1/6 mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. In summary, this study points to a time-restricted microglial/macrophage production of TNF in focal cerebral ischemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gregersen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University
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