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Kaushik M, Mulani E, Kumar A, Chauhan H, Saini MR, Bharati A, Gayatri, Iyyappan Y, Madhavan J, Sevanthi AM, Mandal PK. Starch and storage protein dynamics in the developing and matured grains of durum wheat and diploid progenitor species. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131177. [PMID: 38583842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Durum wheat, less immunogenically intolerant than bread wheat, originates from diploid progenitors known for nutritional quality and stress tolerance. Present study involves the analysis of major grain parameters, viz. size, weight, sugar, starch, and protein content of Triticum durum (AABB genome) and its diploid progenitors, Triticum monococcum (AA genome) and Aegilops speltoides (BB genome). Samples were collected during 2-5 weeks after anthesis (WAA), and at maturity. The investigation revealed that T. durum displayed the maximum grain size and weight. Expression analysis of Grain Weight 2 (GW2) and Glutamine Synthase (GS2), negative and positive regulators of grain weight and size, respectively, revealed higher GW2 expression in Ae. speltoides and higher GS2 expression in T. durum. Further we explored total starch, sugar and protein content, observing higher levels of starch and sugar in durum wheat while AA genome species exhibited higher protein content dominated by the fractions of albumin/globulin. HPLC profiling revealed unique sub-fractions in all three genome species. Additionally, a comparative transcriptome analysis also corroborated with the starch and protein content in the grains. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic and biochemical distinctions among durum wheat and its diploid progenitors, offering a foundation for their nutritional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kaushik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ekta Mulani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Manish Ranjan Saini
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Alka Bharati
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gayatri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yuvaraj Iyyappan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jayanthi Madhavan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Vukasovic S, Eckert AH, Moritz AL, Borsch C, Rudloff S, Snowdon RJ, Stahl A. Effect of a QTL on wheat chromosome 5B associated with enhanced root dry mass on transpiration and nitrogen uptake under contrasting drought scenarios in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38308236 PMCID: PMC10835935 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sufficient nitrogen supply is crucial for high-quality wheat yields. However, the use of nitrogen fertilization can also negatively influence ecosystems due to leaching or volatile atmospheric emissions. Drought events, increasingly prevalent in many crop production areas, significantly impact nitrogen uptake. Breeding more efficient wheat varieties is necessary to achieve acceptable yields with limited nitrogen and water. Crop root systems play a crucial role as the primary organ for absorbing water and nutrients. To investigate the impact of an enhanced root system on nitrogen and water use efficiency in wheat under various irrigation conditions, this study conducted two experiments using precision phenotyping platforms for controlled drought stress treatment. Experiment 1 involved four contrasting winter wheat genotypes. It included the Chinese variety Ning0604, carrying a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 5B associated with a higher root dry biomass, and three elite German varieties, Elixer, Genius, and Leandrus. Experiment 2 compared near-isogenic lines (NIL) of the three elite varieties, each containing introgressions of the QTL on chromosome 5B linked to root dry mass. In both experiments, nitrogen partitioning was tracked via isotope discrimination after fertilization with 5 Atom % 15N-labeled KNO3-. RESULTS In experiment 1 the quantification by 15N isotope discrimination revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrogen derived from fertilizer in the root organ for Ning0604 than those of the three German varieties. In experiment 2, two out of three NILs showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher uptake of N derived from fertilizer than their respective recipient line under well-watered conditions. Furthermore, significantly lower transpiration rates (p < 0.1) were observed in one NIL compared to its respective recipient. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the DroughtSpotter facility coupled with 15N tracer-based tracking of N uptake and remobilization extends the insight into the impact of genetically altered root biomass on wheat NUE and WUE under different water availability scenarios. The study shows the potential for how a modified genetic constitution of the locus on wheat chromosome 5B can reduce transpiration and enhance N uptake. The dependence of the observations on the recipient and water availability suggests a need for further research to investigate the interaction with genetic background traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Vukasovic
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Andreas H Eckert
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna L Moritz
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Borsch
- Analytical Platform Stable Isotopes and Cell Biology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Analytical Platform Stable Isotopes and Cell Biology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
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3
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Esposito S, Vitale P, Taranto F, Saia S, Pecorella I, D'Agostino N, Rodriguez M, Natoli V, De Vita P. Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and grain protein concentration in durum wheat by using association tests and weighted GBLUP. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:242. [PMID: 37947927 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Simultaneous improvement for GY and GPC by using GWAS and GBLUP suggested a significant application in durum wheat breeding. Despite the importance of grain protein concentration (GPC) in determining wheat quality, its negative correlation with grain yield (GY) is still one of the major challenges for breeders. Here, a durum wheat panel of 200 genotypes was evaluated for GY, GPC, and their derived indices (GPD and GYD), under eight different agronomic conditions. The plant material was genotyped with the Illumina 25 k iSelect array, and a genome-wide association study was performed. Two statistical models revealed dozens of marker-trait associations (MTAs), each explaining up to 30%. phenotypic variance. Two markers on chromosomes 2A and 6B were consistently identified by both models and were found to be significantly associated with GY and GPC. MTAs identified for phenological traits co-mapped to well-known genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1). The significance values (p-values) that measure the strength of the association of each single nucleotide polymorphism marker with the target traits were used to perform genomic prediction by using a weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction model. The trained models were ultimately used to predict the agronomic performances of an independent durum wheat panel, confirming the utility of genomic prediction, although environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds may still be a challenge to overcome. The results generated through our study confirmed the utility of GPD and GYD to mitigate the inverse GY and GPC relationship in wheat, provided novel markers for marker-assisted selection and opened new ways to develop cultivars through genomic prediction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science, Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Saia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56129, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivano Pecorella
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Natoli
- Genetic Services SRL, Contrada Catenaccio, snc, 71026, Deliceto, FG, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Tateo F, Bononi M, Castorina G, Colecchia SA, De Benedetti S, Consonni G, Geuna F. Whole-genome resequencing-based characterization of a durum wheat landrace showing similarity to 'Senatore Cappelli'. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291430. [PMID: 37733684 PMCID: PMC10513328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum) is a major cereal adopted since antiquity to feed humans. Due to its use, dating back several millennia, this species features a wide genetic diversity and landraces are considered important repositories of gene pools which constitute invaluable tools for breeders. The aim of this work is to provide a first characterization of a wheat landrace, referred to as 'TB2018', that was collected in the Apulia region (Southern Italy). 'TB2018' revealed, through visual inspection, characters reminiscent of the traditional variety 'Senatore Cappelli', while exhibiting a distinctive trait, i.e., reduced stature. Indeed, the comparison with a set of Italian durum wheat cultivars conducted in this study, in which 24 CPVO plant descriptors were adopted, placed the 'TB2018' landrace in proximity to the 'Senatore Cappelli' cultivar. In addition, the close similarity between the two genotypes was confirmed by the analysis of the seed protein pattern. A relative reduction was detected for 'TB2018' root elongation in the early stages of plant growth. The 'TB2018' genome sequence, obtained through low-coverage resequencing and comparison to the reference 'Svevo' cultivar is also reported in this study, followed by a genome-wide comparison against 259 durum wheat accessions that placed 'TB2018' close to the 'Cappelli' reference. Hundreds of genes putatively affected by variants that possess Gene Ontology descriptors were detected, among which some were shown to be putatively linked to the morphological traits that distinguish 'TB2018' from 'Senatore Cappelli', Overall, this study poses the basis for a possible exploitation of 'TB2018' per se in cultivation or as a source of alternative alleles in the breeding of traditional cultivars. This work also presents a genomic methodology that exploits the information contained in a low-depth, whole-genome sequence to derive genotypic data useful for cross-platform (chip data) comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tateo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Bononi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Castorina
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonio Colecchia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano De Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Consonni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Geuna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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5
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Zhao Y, Islam S, Alhabbar Z, Zhang J, O'Hara G, Anwar M, Ma W. Current Progress and Future Prospect of Wheat Genetics Research towards an Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091753. [PMID: 37176811 PMCID: PMC10180859 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the yield and quality of wheat is of great importance for food security worldwide. One of the most effective and significant approaches to achieve this goal is to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in the process of the wheat nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen in wheat were introduced. An appropriate definition of NUE is vital prior to its precise evaluation for the following gene identification and breeding process. Apart from grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC), the commonly recognized major indicators of NUE, grain protein deviation (GPD) could also be considered as a potential trait for NUE evaluation. As a complex quantitative trait, NUE is affected by transporter proteins, kinases, transcription factors (TFs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), which participate in the nitrogen uptake process, as well as key enzymes, circadian regulators, cross-talks between carbon metabolism, which are associated with nitrogen assimilation and remobilization. A series of quantitative genetic loci (QTLs) and linking markers were compiled in the hope to help discover more efficient and useful genetic resources for breeding program. For future NUE improvement, an exploration for other criteria during selection process that incorporates morphological, physiological and biochemical traits is needed. Applying new technologies from phenomics will allow high-throughput NUE phenotyping and accelerate the breeding process. A combination of multi-omics techniques and the previously verified QTLs and molecular markers will facilitate the NUE QTL-mapping and novel gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Zaid Alhabbar
- Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Graham O'Hara
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Masood Anwar
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
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6
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Scossa F, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Integrating multi-omics data for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153352. [PMID: 33360148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our agricultural systems are now in urgent need to secure food for a growing world population. To meet this challenge, we need a better characterization of plant genetic and phenotypic diversity. The combination of genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics enables a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complex architecture of many phenotypic traits of agricultural relevance. We review the recent advances in plant genomics to see how these can be integrated with broad molecular profiling approaches to improve our understanding of plant phenotypic variation and inform crop breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scossa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), 00178, Rome, Italy.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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7
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Ruan Y, Yu B, Knox RE, Zhang W, Singh AK, Cuthbert R, Fobert P, DePauw R, Berraies S, Sharpe A, Fu BX, Sangha J. Conditional Mapping Identified Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Protein Concentration Expressing Independently of Grain Yield in Canadian Durum Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642955. [PMID: 33841470 PMCID: PMC8024689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Grain protein concentration (GPC) is an important trait in durum cultivar development as a major determinant of the nutritional value of grain and end-use product quality. However, it is challenging to simultaneously select both GPC and grain yield (GY) due to the negative correlation between them. To characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GPC and understand the genetic relationship between GPC and GY in Canadian durum wheat, we performed both traditional and conditional QTL mapping using a doubled haploid (DH) population of 162 lines derived from Pelissier × Strongfield. The population was grown in the field over 5 years and GPC was measured. QTL contributing to GPC were detected on chromosome 1B, 2B, 3A, 5B, 7A, and 7B using traditional mapping. One major QTL on 3A (QGpc.spa-3A.3) was consistently detected over 3 years accounting for 9.4-18.1% of the phenotypic variance, with the favorable allele derived from Pelissier. Another major QTL on 7A (QGpc.spa-7A) detected in 3 years explained 6.9-14.8% of the phenotypic variance, with the beneficial allele derived from Strongfield. Comparison of the QTL described here with the results previously reported led to the identification of one novel major QTL on 3A (QGpc.spa-3A.3) and five novel minor QTL on 1B, 2B and 3A. Four QTL were common between traditional and conditional mapping, with QGpc.spa-3A.3 and QGpc.spa-7A detected in multiple environments. The QTL identified by conditional mapping were independent or partially independent of GY, making them of great importance for development of high GPC and high yielding durum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
- Yuefeng Ruan
| | - Bianyun Yu
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Bianyun Yu
| | - Ron E. Knox
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Pierre Fobert
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ron DePauw
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Samia Berraies
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Sharpe
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bin Xiao Fu
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jatinder Sangha
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
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Nigro D, Fortunato S, Giove SL, Mazzucotelli E, Gadaleta A. Functional Validation of Glutamine synthetase and Glutamate synthase Genes in Durum Wheat near Isogenic Lines with QTL for High GPC. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239253. [PMID: 33291583 PMCID: PMC7730160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a minor crop grown on about 17 million hectares of land worldwide. Several grain characteristics determine semolina's high end-use quality, such as grain protein content (GPC) which is directly related to the final products' nutritional and technological values. GPC improvement could be pursued by considering a candidate gene approach. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a bottleneck in the first step of nitrogen assimilation. QTL for GPC have been located on all chromosomes, and several major ones have been reported on 2A and 2B chromosomes, where GS2 and Fd-GOGAT genes have been mapped. A useful and efficient method to validate a putative QTL is the constitution of near-isogenic lines (NILs) by using the marker found to be associated to that QTL. Here, we present the development of two distinct sets of heterogeneous inbred family (HIF)- based NILs segregating for GS2 and Fd-GOGAT genes obtained from heterozygous lines at those loci, as well as their genotypic and phenotypic characterizations. The results allow the validation of the previously identified GPC QTL on 2A and 2B chromosomes, along with the role of these key genes in GPC control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-0805442997(D.N.); +39-0805442995 (A.G.)
| | | | - Stefania Lucia Giove
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | | | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (A.G.); Tel.: +39-0805442997(D.N.); +39-0805442995 (A.G.)
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9
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Rehman Arif MA, Attaria F, Shokat S, Akram S, Waheed MQ, Arif A, Börner A. Mapping of QTLs Associated with Yield and Yield Related Traits in Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) Under Irrigated and Drought Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072372. [PMID: 32235556 PMCID: PMC7177892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global durum wheat consumption (Triticum durum Desf.) is ahead of its production. One reason for this is abiotic stress, e.g., drought. Breeding for resistance to drought is complicated by the lack of fast, reproducible screening techniques and the inability to routinely create defined and repeatable water stress conditions. Here, we report the first analysis of dissection of yield and yield-related traits in durum wheat in Pakistan, seeking to elucidate the genetic components of yield and agronomic traits. Analysis of several traits revealed a total of 221 (160 with logarithm of odds (LOD) > 2 ≤ 3 and 61 with LOD > 3) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) distributed on all fourteen durum wheat chromosomes, of which 109 (78 with LOD > 2 ≤ 3 and 31 with LOD > 3) were observed in 2016-17 (S1) and 112 (82 with LOD > 2 ≤ 3 and 30 with LOD > 3) were observed in 2017-18 (S2). Allelic profiles of yield QTLs on chromosome 2A and 7B indicate that allele A of Xgwm895 and allele B of Xbarc276 can enhance the Yd up to 6.16% in control and 5.27% under drought. Moreover, if combined, a yield gain of up to 11% would be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Abdur Rehman Arif
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.Q.W.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fauzia Attaria
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.Q.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Sajid Shokat
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.Q.W.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Saba Akram
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.Q.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Qandeel Waheed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.Q.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Anjuman Arif
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.Q.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Seeland OT, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany;
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10
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Johnson M, Kumar A, Oladzad-Abbasabadi A, Salsman E, Aoun M, Manthey FA, Elias EM. Association Mapping for 24 Traits Related to Protein Content, Gluten Strength, Color, Cooking, and Milling Quality Using Balanced and Unbalanced Data in Durum Wheat [ Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf).]. Front Genet 2019; 10:717. [PMID: 31475032 PMCID: PMC6706462 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat [Triticum durum (Desf).] is mostly used to produce pasta, couscous, and bulgur. The quality of the grain and end-use products determine its market value. However, quality tests are highly resource intensive and almost impossible to conduct in the early generations in the breeding program. Modern genomics-based tools provide an excellent opportunity to genetically dissect complex quality traits to expedite cultivar development using molecular breeding approaches. This study used a panel of 243 cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed during the last 20 years to identify SNPs associated with 24 traits related to nutritional value and quality. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a total of 179 marker-trait associations (MTAs), located in 95 genomic regions belonging to all 14 durum wheat chromosomes. Major and stable QTLs were identified for gluten strength on chromosomes 1A and 1B, and for PPO activity on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. As a large amount of unbalance phenotypic data are generated every year on advanced lines in all the breeding programs, the applicability of such a dataset for identification of MTAs remains unclear. We observed that ∼84% of the MTAs identified using a historic unbalanced dataset (belonging to a total of 80 environments collected over a period of 16 years) were also identified in a balanced dataset. This suggests the suitability of historic unbalanced phenotypic data to identify beneficial MTAs to facilitate local-knowledge-based breeding. In addition to providing extensive knowledge about the genetics of quality traits, association mapping identified several candidate markers to assist durum wheat quality improvement through molecular breeding. The molecular markers associated with important traits could be extremely useful in the development of improved quality durum wheat cultivars using marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias M. Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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11
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Rapp M, Sieber A, Kazman E, Leiser WL, Würschum T, Longin CFH. Evaluation of the genetic architecture and the potential of genomics-assisted breeding of quality traits in two large panels of durum wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1873-1886. [PMID: 30887094 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
New QTL for important quality traits in durum were identified, but for most QTL their effect varies depending on the investigated germplasm. Most of the global durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) production is used for human consumption via pasta and to a lower extent couscous and bulgur. Therefore, durum wheat varieties have to fulfill high demands regarding quality traits. In this study, we evaluated the quality traits protein content, sedimentation volume, falling number, vitreousity and thousand kernel weight in a Central European (CP) and a Southern and Western European panel (SP) with 183 and 159 durum lines, respectively, and investigated their genetic architecture by genome-wide association mapping. Except for protein content, we identified QTL explaining a large proportion of the genotypic variance for different traits. However, most of them were identified only in one panel. Nevertheless, for sedimentation volume a genomic region on chromosome 1B appeared important in both durum panels and a BLAST search against the emmer and bread wheat reference genomes points toward the candidate gene Glu-B3. This was further supported by the protein subunit banding pattern via SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. For vitreousity, genomic regions on chromosome 7A explained a larger proportion of the genotypic variance in both panels, whereas one QTL, possibly related to the Pinb-2 locus, also slightly influenced the protein content. Within each panel, high prediction abilities for genomic selection were obtained, which, however, dropped considerably when predicting across both panels. Nevertheless, the across-panel prediction ability was still larger than 0.4 for protein content and sedimentation volume, underlining the potential for genomics-aided durum breeding, if laboratory and logistical facilities are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rapp
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Sieber
- Wheat Initiative, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Willmar L Leiser
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C F H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Mérida-García R, Liu G, He S, Gonzalez-Dugo V, Dorado G, Gálvez S, Solís I, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Reif JC, Hernandez P. Genetic dissection of agronomic and quality traits based on association mapping and genomic selection approaches in durum wheat grown in Southern Spain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211718. [PMID: 30811415 PMCID: PMC6392243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic conditions affect the growth, development and final crop production. As wheat is of paramount importance as a staple crop in the human diet, there is a growing need to study its abiotic stress adaptation through the performance of key breeding traits. New and complementary approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), are used for the dissection of different agronomic traits. The present study focused on the dissection of agronomic and quality traits of interest (initial agronomic score, yield, gluten index, sedimentation index, specific weight, whole grain protein and yellow colour) assessed in a panel of 179 durum wheat lines (Triticum durum Desf.), grown under rainfed conditions in different Mediterranean environments in Southern Spain (Andalusia). The findings show a total of 37 marker-trait associations (MTAs) which affect phenotype expression for three quality traits (specific weight, gluten and sedimentation indexes). MTAs could be mapped on the A and B durum wheat subgenomes (on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 3A) through the recently available bread wheat reference assembly (IWGSC RefSeqv1). Two of the MTAs found for quality traits (gluten index and SDS) corresponded to the known Glu-B1 and Glu-A1 loci, for which candidate genes corresponding to high molecular weight glutenin subunits could be located. The GS prediction ability values obtained from the breeding materials analyzed showed promising results for traits as grain protein content, sedimentation and gluten indexes, which can be used in plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mérida-García
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guozheng Liu
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Sang He
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Victoria Gonzalez-Dugo
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Gálvez
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, ETSI Informática, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio Solís
- ETSIA (University of Seville), Ctra de Utrera km1, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jochen C. Reif
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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13
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Iannucci A, Codianni P. Phenotypic Parent Selection Within a Khorasan Wheat Collection and Genetic Variation in Advanced Breeding Lines Derived by Hybridization With Durum Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1460. [PMID: 31850007 PMCID: PMC6903774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetraploid relatives of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) represent an important reservoir of economically useful genes for development of new wheat cultivars. Two field experiments were conducted at Foggia (Italy), in the 2004 to 2006 and 2012 to 2015 growing seasons. In the first, 77 Khorasan wheat [T. turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) Á. Löve & D. Löve] accessions from 23 countries of four geographic regions (Africa, Asia, Europe, and others) were evaluated to explore breeding opportunities. Seven agronomic traits were used to describe the diversity among the accessions: days to heading (HT), plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), specific weight (SW) as an indication of the density of the grain, 1000-grain weight (TGW), protein content, and gluten content. The total Shannon-Weaver diversity index was used to estimate phenotypic diversity, which ranged from monomorphic for PC (0.39) to highly polymorphic for TGW (0.67). A high level of total variation (87%) was attributed to the within-region diversity. The accessions grouped into six clusters, and seven elite accessions were selected as parents for crosses with durum wheat. In the second experiment, ten parents (seven Khorasan accessions and three durum wheat cultivars) and 790 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the different T. durum × T. turgidum subsp. turanicum crosses were included to study genotypic and phenotypic variability of the same agronomic traits, plus the susceptibility index (SI) for disease. The genotypic coefficients of variation were lower than the phenotypic ones for all of the traits, which showed an environment effect on expression of these traits. High broad-sense heritability (h2 b > 86%) was recorded for all traits, and high h2 b coupled with high genetic gain as percentage of the mean (ΔG) was observed for HT, PH, GY, and SW, and for SI. This suggests that selection for these traits will provide good responses. Four principal components explained 70% of the total variation, and the genotypes were clustered into 20 groups. According to the results, some lines could be tested in varietal registration trials, and/or could be used as a significant breeding pool for durum wheat cultivar development in Mediterranean area.
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Liu J, Huang L, Wang C, Liu Y, Yan Z, Wang Z, Xiang L, Zhong X, Gong F, Zheng Y, Liu D, Wu B. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Genomic Regions Associated With High Grain Protein Content in Wheat Lines Derived From Wild Emmer Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 31057576 PMCID: PMC6477094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Grain protein content (GPC) and yield are of two important traits in wheat, but their negative correlation has hampered their simultaneous improvement in conventional breeding. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is an important genetic resource for wheat quality improvement. In this study, we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 13116 DArT-seq markers to characterize GPC in 161 wheat lines derived from wild emmer. Using a general linear model, we identified 141 markers that were significantly associated with GPC, and grouped into 48 QTL regions. Using both general linear model and mixed linear model, we identified four significant markers that were grouped into two novel QTL regions on chromosomes 2BS (QGpc.cd1-2B.1) and 7BL (QGpc.cd1-7B.2). The two QTLs have no negative effects on thousand kernel weight (TKW) and should be useful for simultaneous improvement of GPC and TKW in wheat breeding. Searches of public databases revealed 61 putative candidate/flanking genes related to GPC. The putative proteins of interest were grouped in four main categories: enzymes, kinase proteins, metal transport-related proteins, and disease resistance proteins. The linked markers and associated candidate genes provide essential information for cloning genes related to high GPC and performing marker-assisted breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bihua Wu,
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15
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Giancaspro A, Giove SL, Zacheo SA, Blanco A, Gadaleta A. Genetic Variation for Protein Content and Yield-Related Traits in a Durum Population Derived From an Inter-Specific Cross Between Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1509. [PMID: 31824537 PMCID: PMC6883369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grain protein content (GPC) and yield components are complex quantitative traits influenced by a multi-factorial system consisting of both genetic and environmental factors. Although seed storage proteins represent less than 15% of mature kernels, they are crucial in determining end-use properties of wheat, as well as the nutritional value of derived products. Yield and GPC are negatively correlated, and this hampers breeding programs of commercially valuable wheat varieties. The goal of this work was the evaluation of genetic variability for quantity and composition of seed storage proteins, together with yield components [grain yield per spike (GYS) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW)] in a durum wheat population obtained by an inter-specific cross between a common wheat accession and the durum cv. Saragolla. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted and closely associated markers identified on a genetic map composed of 4,366 SNP markers previously obtained in the same durum population genotyped with the 90K iSelect SNP assay. A total of 22 QTL were detected for traits related to durum wheat quality. Six genomic regions responsible for GPC control were mapped on chromosomes 2B, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5B, and 7B, with major QTL on chromosomes 2B, 4A, and 5B. Nine loci were detected for GYS: two on chromosome 5B and 7A and one on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B, 7B, with the strongest QTL on 2B. Eight QTL were identified for TKW, three of which located on chromosome 3A, two on 1B and one on 4B, 5A, and 5B. Only small overlapping was found among QTL for GYS, TKW, and GPC, and increasing alleles coming from both parents on different chromosomes. Good candidate genes were identified in the QTL confidence intervals for GYS and TKW.
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16
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N’Diaye A, Haile JK, Nilsen KT, Walkowiak S, Ruan Y, Singh AK, Clarke FR, Clarke JM, Pozniak CJ. Haplotype Loci Under Selection in Canadian Durum Wheat Germplasm Over 60 Years of Breeding: Association With Grain Yield, Quality Traits, Protein Loss, and Plant Height. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1589. [PMID: 30455711 PMCID: PMC6230583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat was introduced in the southern prairies of western Canada in the late nineteenth century. Breeding efforts have mainly focused on improving quality traits to meet the pasta industry demands. For this study, 192 durum wheat lines were genotyped using the Illumina 90K Infinium iSelect assay, and resulted in a total of 14,324 polymorphic SNPs. Genetic diversity changed over time, declining during the first 20 years of breeding in Canada, then increased in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We scanned the genome for signatures of selection, using the total variance Fst-based outlier detection method (Lositan), the hierarchical island model (Arlequin) and the Bayesian genome scan method (BayeScan). A total of 407 outliers were identified and clustered into 84 LD-based haplotype loci, spanning all 14 chromosomes of the durum wheat genome. The association analysis detected 54 haplotype loci, of which 39% contained markers with a complete reversal of allelic state. This tendency to fixation of favorable alleles corroborates the success of the Canadian durum wheat breeding programs over time. Twenty-one haplotype loci were associated with multiple traits. In particular, hap_4B_1 explained 20.6, 17.9 and 16.6% of the phenotypic variance of pigment loss, pasta b∗ and dough extensibility, respectively. The locus hap_2B_9 explained 15.9 and 17.8% of the variation of protein content and protein loss, respectively. All these pleiotropic haplotype loci offer breeders the unique opportunity for further improving multiple traits, facilitating marker-assisted selection in durum wheat, and could help in identifying genes as functional annotations of the wheat genome become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amidou N’Diaye
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jemanesh K. Haile
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kirby T. Nilsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yuefeng Ruan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Fran R. Clarke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - John M. Clarke
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Rapp M, Lein V, Lacoudre F, Lafferty J, Müller E, Vida G, Bozhanova V, Ibraliu A, Thorwarth P, Piepho HP, Leiser WL, Würschum T, Longin CFH. Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and protein content in durum wheat by different phenotypic indices and genomic selection. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:1315-1329. [PMID: 29511784 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous improvement of protein content and grain yield by index selection is possible but its efficiency largely depends on the weighting of the single traits. The genetic architecture of these indices is similar to that of the primary traits. Grain yield and protein content are of major importance in durum wheat breeding, but their negative correlation has hampered their simultaneous improvement. To account for this in wheat breeding, the grain protein deviation (GPD) and the protein yield were proposed as targets for selection. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of different indices to simultaneously improve grain yield and protein content in durum wheat and to evaluate their genetic architecture towards genomics-assisted breeding. To this end, we investigated two different durum wheat panels comprising 159 and 189 genotypes, which were tested in multiple field locations across Europe and genotyped by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. The phenotypic analyses revealed significant genetic variances for all traits and heritabilities of the phenotypic indices that were in a similar range as those of grain yield and protein content. The GPD showed a high and positive correlation with protein content, whereas protein yield was highly and positively correlated with grain yield. Thus, selecting for a high GPD would mainly increase the protein content whereas a selection based on protein yield would mainly improve grain yield, but a combination of both indices allows to balance this selection. The genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture for all traits with most QTL having small effects and being detected only in one germplasm set, thus limiting the potential of marker-assisted selection for trait improvement. By contrast, genome-wide prediction appeared promising but its performance strongly depends on the relatedness between training and prediction sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rapp
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - F Lacoudre
- Limagrain Europe, 11492, Castelnaudary Cedex, France
| | - J Lafferty
- Saatzucht Donau, 2301, Probstdorf, Austria
| | - E Müller
- Südwestdeutsche Saatzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Im Rheinfeld 1-13, 76437, Rastatt, Germany
| | - G Vida
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - V Bozhanova
- Field Crops Institute, 6200, Chirpan, Bulgaria
| | - A Ibraliu
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1029, Tirana, Albania
| | - P Thorwarth
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H P Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - W L Leiser
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C F H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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Nedelkou IP, Maurer A, Schubert A, Léon J, Pillen K. Exotic QTL improve grain quality in the tri-parental wheat population SW84. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179851. [PMID: 28686676 PMCID: PMC5501409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing the tri-parental exotic wheat population SW84 Genetic diversity of cultivated wheat was markedly reduced, first, during domestication and, second, since the onset of modern elite breeding. There is an increasing demand for utilizing genetic resources to increase genetic diversity and, simultaneously, to improve agronomic performance of cultivated wheat. To locate favorable effects of exotic wheat alleles, we developed the tri-parental wheat population SW84. The population was derived from crossing the hexaploid spring wheat cultivars Triso and Devon with one synthetic exotic donor accession, Syn084L, followed by two rounds of backcrossing and three rounds of selfing. SW84 consists of 359 BC2F4 lines, split into two families, D84 (Devon*Syn084L) and T84 (Triso*Syn084L). Studying the genetic control of grain quality in SW84 As a case study, grain quality of SW84 was studied in replicated field trials. Transgressive segregation was observed for all studied grain quality traits by evaluating SW84 for two years at two locations under low and high nitrogen supply. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out based on genomic data derived from a 90k Infinium iSELECT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. In total, GWAS yielded 37 marker-trait associations, summarized to 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL). These SNPs indicate genetic regulators of grain protein content, grain hardness, sedimentation value and sedimentation ratio. The majority of exotic QTL alleles (75%) exerted favorable effects, increasing grain protein content and sedimentation value in ten and two cases, respectively. For instance, two exotic QTL alleles were associated with a substantial increase of grain protein content and sedimentation value by 1.09% and 7.31 ml, respectively. This finding confirms the potential of exotic germplasm to improve grain quality in cultivated wheat. So far, the molecular nature of most of the detected QTL is unknown. However, two QTL correspond to known genes controlling grain quality: The major QTL on chromosome 6B, increasing grain protein content by 0.70%, on average, co-localizes with the NAM-B1 gene, known to control grain protein content as well as iron and zinc content. Likewise, the major QTL on chromosome 5D, reducing grain hardness by 8.98%, on average, co-localizes with the gene for puroindoline b (Pinb-D1) at the Ha locus. In total, 13 QTL were detected across families, whereas one and three QTL were exclusively detected in families D84 and T84, respectively. Likewise, ten QTL were detected across nitrogen treatments, whereas one and five QTL were exclusively detected under low and high N treatments, respectively. Our data indicate that most effects in SW84 act across families and N levels. Merging of data from two families or two N treatments may, thus, be considered in association studies to increase sample size and, as a result, QTL detection power. Utilizing favorable exotic QTL alleles in wheat breeding Our study serves as a model how favorable exotic QTL alleles can be located in exotic germplasm of wheat. In future, the localized favorable exotic QTL alleles will be utilized in wheat breeding programs to simultaneously improve grain quality and selectively expand genetic diversity of the elite wheat gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna-Pavlina Nedelkou
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Schubert
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, Katzenburgweg 5, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, Katzenburgweg 5, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Halle, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Marcotuli I, Gadaleta A, Mangini G, Signorile AM, Zacheo SA, Blanco A, Simeone R, Colasuonno P. Development of a High-Density SNP-Based Linkage Map and Detection of QTL for β-Glucans, Protein Content, Grain Yield per Spike and Heading Time in Durum Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635630 PMCID: PMC5486150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density genetic linkage maps of crop species are particularly useful in detecting qualitative and quantitative trait loci for important agronomic traits and in improving the power of classical approaches to identify candidate genes. The aim of this study was to develop a high-density genetic linkage map in a durum wheat recombinant inbred lines population (RIL) derived from two elite wheat cultivars and to identify, characterize and correlate Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for β-glucan, protein content, grain yield per spike and heading time. A dense map constructed by genotyping the RIL population with the wheat 90K iSelect array included 5444 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed in 36 linkage groups. Data for β-glucan and protein content, grain yield per spike and heading time were obtained from replicated trials conducted at two locations in southern Italy. A total of 19 QTL were detected in different chromosome regions. In particular, three QTL for β-glucan content were detected on chromosomes 2A and 2B (two loci); eight QTL controlling grain protein content were detected on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3B (two loci), 4A, 5A, 7A and 7B; seven QTL for grain yield per spike were identified on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A (two loci), 3B (two loci) and 6B; and one marker-trait association was detected on chromosome 2A for heading time. The last was co-located with a β-glucan QTL, and the two QTL appeared to be negatively correlated. A genome scan for genomic regions controlling the traits and SNP annotated sequences identified five putative candidate genes involved in different biosynthesis pathways (β-glucosidase, GLU1a; APETALA2, TaAP2; gigantea 3, TaGI3; 14-3-3 protein, Ta14A; and photoperiod sensitivity, Ppd-A1). This study provides additional information on QTL for important agronomic traits that could be useful for marker-assisted breeding to obtain new genotypes with commercial and nutritional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Mangini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Massimo Signorile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Silvana Addolorata Zacheo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Blanco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Simeone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Colasuonno
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Havé M, Marmagne A, Chardon F, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence: lessons from Arabidopsis to crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2513-2529. [PMID: 27707774 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a result of climate changes, land use and agriculture have to adapt to new demands. Agriculture is responsible for a large part of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have to be urgently reduced in order to protect the environment. At the same time, agriculture has to cope with the challenges of sustainably feeding a growing world population. Reducing the use of the ammonia-nitrate fertilizers that are responsible for a large part of the GHGs released and that have a negative impact on carbon balance is one of the objectives of precision agriculture. One way to reduce N fertilizers without dramatically affecting grain yields is to improve the nitrogen recycling and remobilization performances of plants. Mechanisms involved in nitrogen recycling, such as autophagy, are essential for nutrient remobilization at the whole-plant level and for seed quality. Studies on leaf senescence and nutrient recycling provide new perspectives for improvement. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms involved in nitrogen recycling and remobilization during leaf senescence and to present the different approaches undertaken to improve nitrogen remobilization efficiency using both model plants and crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marien Havé
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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Yuan G, Wan Y, Li X, He B, Zhang Y, Xu B, Wang S, Xie W, Zhou X, Wu Q. Development of Near-Isogenic Lines in a Parthenogenetically Reproduced Thrips Species, Frankliniella occidentalis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:130. [PMID: 28348528 PMCID: PMC5346592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although near-isogenic lines (NILs) can standardize genetic backgrounds among individuals, it has never been applied in parthenogenetically reproduced animals. Here, through multiple rounds of backcrossing and spinosad screening, we generated spinosad resistant NILs in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a haplo-diploid reproduction system. The resultant F. occidentalis NIL-R strain maintained a resistance ratio over 30,000-fold, which was comparable to its parental resistant strain, Spin-R. More importantly, F. occidentalis NIL-R shared 98.90% genetic similarity with its susceptible parental strain Ivf03. By developing this toolset, we are able to segregate individual resistance and facilitate the mechanistic study of insecticide resistances in phloem-feeding arthropods, a group of devastating pest species reproducing sexually as well as asexually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdi Yuan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Wan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing He
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Baoyun Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
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Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Amallah L, Taghouti M, Rhrib K, Gaboun F, Arahou M, Hassikou R, Diria G. Validation of simple sequence repeats associated with quality traits in durum wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-016-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang DL, He TT, Liang HH, Huang LY, Su YZ, Li YG, Li SP. Flour Quality and Related Molecular Characterization of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Genes from Wild Emmer Wheat Accession TD-256. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5128-5136. [PMID: 27243935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the effect of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) from wild emmer wheat on flour quality, which has the same mobility as that from common wheat, the composition and molecular characterization of HMW-GS from wild emmer wheat accession TD-256, as well as its flour quality, were intensively analyzed. It is found that the mobilities of Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 subunits from TD-256 are consistent with those of bread wheat cv. 'XiaoYan 6'. Nevertheless, dough rheological properties of TD-256 reveal its poor flour quality. In the aspect of molecular structure from HMW-GS, only two conserved cysteine residues can be observed in the deduced protein sequence of 1Bx14* from TD-256, while most Glu-1Bx contain four conserved cysteine residues. In addition, as can be predicted from secondary structure, the quantity both of α-helixes and their amino acid residues of the subunits from TD-256 is fewer than those of common wheat. Though low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) and gliadin can also greatly influence flour quality, the protein structure of the HMW-GS revealed in this work can partly explain the poor flour quality of wild emmer accession TD-256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Le Zhang
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Liang
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yu Huang
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhong Su
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ge Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo-Ping Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University , Kaifeng, 475001 Henan, People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Lei Y, Yang Y, Baxter SW, Li J, Wu Q, Wang S, Xie W, Guo Z, Fu W, Zhang Y. Construction and characterisation of near-isogenic Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) strains resistant to Cry1Ac toxin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:225-233. [PMID: 24687616 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has arisen in multiple populations of the worldwide Brassica pest Plutella xylostella (L.). To help elucidate the mechanism of resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in a population from Florida, two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. RESULTS NILs were generated using either backcross or recombinant inbred line methodologies and evaluated for near-isogenicity with inter-simple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) markers. Backcross line BC6F4 maintained a similar level of Cry1Ac resistance to parental strain DBM1Ac-R (>5000-fold) yet showed 98.24% genetic similarity to the susceptible parental strain DBM1Ac-S. Single-pair backcrosses between DBM1Ac-S and BC6F4 revealed that Cry1Ac resistance was controlled by one recessive autosomal locus. BC6F4 exhibited high levels of cross-resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ah but not to Cry1Ca or Cry1Ie. CONCLUSION Near-isogenic strains were constructed to provide a reliable biological system to investigate the mechanism of Cry1Ac resistance in P. xylostella. These data suggest that resistance to Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ah is probably caused by the alteration of a common receptor not recognised by Cry1Ca or Cry1Ie. Understanding Bt toxin cross-resistance provides valuable information to consider when developing pest control strategies to delay resistance evolution. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Characterization of ferredoxin-dependent glutamine-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (Fd-GOGAT) genes and their relationship with grain protein content QTL in wheat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103869. [PMID: 25099972 PMCID: PMC4123923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In higher plants, inorganic nitrogen is assimilated via the glutamate synthase cycle or GS-GOGAT pathway. GOGAT enzyme occurs in two distinct forms that use NADH (NADH-GOGAT) or Fd (Fd-GOGAT) as electron carriers. The goal of the present study was to characterize wheat Fd-GOGAT genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (GPC), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Results We report the complete genomic sequences of the three homoeologous A, B and D Fd-GOGAT genes from hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their localization and characterization. The gene is comprised of 33 exons and 32 introns for all the three homoeologues genes. The three genes show the same exon/intron number and size, with the only exception of a series of indels in intronic regions. The partial sequence of the Fd-GOGAT gene located on A genome was determined in two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) cvs Ciccio and Svevo, characterized by different grain protein content. Genomic differences allowed the gene mapping in the centromeric region of chromosome 2A. QTL analysis was conducted in the Svevo×Ciccio RIL mapping population, previously evaluated in 5 different environments. The study co-localized the Fd-GOGAT-A gene with the marker GWM-339, identifying a significant major QTL for GPC. Conclusions The wheat Fd-GOGAT genes are highly conserved; both among the three homoeologous hexaploid wheat genes and in comparison with other plants. In durum wheat, an association was shown between the Fd-GOGAT allele of cv Svevo with increasing GPC - potentially useful in breeding programs.
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Laidò G, Marone D, Russo MA, Colecchia SA, Mastrangelo AM, De Vita P, Papa R. Linkage disequilibrium and genome-wide association mapping in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e95211. [PMID: 24759998 PMCID: PMC3997356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Association mapping is a powerful tool for the identification of quantitative trait loci through the exploitation of the differential decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker loci and genes of interest in natural and domesticated populations. Using a sample of 230 tetraploid wheat lines (Triticum turgidum ssp), which included naked and hulled accessions, we analysed the pattern of LD considering 26 simple sequence repeats and 970 mostly mapped diversity array technology loci. In addition, to validate the potential for association mapping in durum wheat, we evaluated the same genotypes for plant height, heading date, protein content, and thousand-kernel weight. Molecular and phenotypic data were used to: (i) investigate the genetic and phenotypic diversity; (ii) study the dynamics of LD across the durum wheat genome, by investigating the patterns of LD decay; and (iii) test the potential of our panel to identify marker–trait associations through the analysis of four quantitative traits of major agronomic importance. Moreover, we compared and validated the association mapping results with outlier detection analysis based on population divergence. Overall, in tetraploid wheat, the pattern of LD is extremely population dependent and is related to the domestication and breeding history of durum wheat. Comparing our data with several other studies in wheat, we confirm the position of many major genes and quantitative trait loci for the traits considered. Finally, the analysis of the selection signature represents a very useful complement to validate marker–trait associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Laidò
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Marone
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria A. Russo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore A. Colecchia
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna M. Mastrangelo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Papa
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Cereal Research Centre, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Cui F, Wang J, Jun L, Ding A, Zhao C, Li X, Feng D, Gao J, Wang H. Conditional QTL mapping of protein content in wheat with respect to grain yield and its components. J Genet 2013; 91:303-12. [PMID: 23271016 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grain protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is generally considered a highly heritable character that is negatively correlated with grain yield and yield-related traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for protein content was mapped using data on protein content and protein content conditioned on the putatively interrelated traits to evaluate possible genetic interrelationships between protein content and yield, as well as yield-related traits. Phenotypic data were evaluated in a recombinant inbred line population with 302 lines derived from a cross between the Chinese cultivar Weimai 8 and Luohan 2. Inclusive composite interval mapping using IciMapping 3.0 was employed for mapping unconditional and conditional QTL with additives. A strong genetic relationship was found between protein content and grain yield, and yield-related traits. Unconditional QTL mapping analysis detected seven additive QTL for protein content, with additive effects ranging in absolute size from 0.1898% to 0.3407% protein content, jointly accounting for 43.45% of the trait variance. Conditional QTL mapping analysis indicated two QTL independent from yield, which can be used in marker-assisted selection for increasing yield without affecting grain protein content. Three additional QTL with minor effects were identified in the conditional mapping. Of the three QTLs, two were identified when protein content was conditioned on yield, which had pleiotropic effects on those two traits. Conditional QTL mapping can be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between two traits at the individual QTL level for closely correlated traits. Further, conditional QTL mapping can reveal additional QTL with minor effects that are undetectable in unconditional mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China.
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Molecular and physico-chemical evaluation of enzymatic browning of whole meal and dough in a collection of tetraploid wheats. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rawat N, Neelam K, Tiwari VK, Randhawa GS, Friebe B, Gill BS, Dhaliwal HS. Development and molecular characterization of wheat--Aegilops kotschyi addition and substitution lines with high grain protein, iron, and zinc. Genome 2012; 54:943-53. [PMID: 22067038 DOI: 10.1139/g11-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over two billion people, depending largely on staple foods, suffer from deficiencies in protein and some micronutrients such as iron and zinc. Among various approaches to overcome protein and micronutrient deficiencies, biofortification through a combination of conventional and molecular breeding methods is the most feasible, cheapest, and sustainable approach. An interspecific cross was made between the wheat cultivar 'Chinese Spring' and Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. accession 396, which has a threefold higher grain iron and zinc concentrations and about 33% higher protein concentration than wheat cultivars. Recurrent backcrossing and selection for the micronutrient content was performed at each generation. Thirteen derivatives with high grain iron and zinc concentrations and contents, ash and ash micronutrients, and protein were analyzed for alien introgression. Morphological markers, high molecular weight glutenin subunit profiles, anchored wheat microsatellite markers, and GISH showed that addition and substitution of homoeologous groups 1, 2, and 7 chromosomes of Ae. kotschyi possess gene(s) for high grain micronutrients. The addition of 1U/1S had high molecular weight glutenin subunits with higher molecular weight than those of wheat, and the addition of 2S in most of the derivatives also enhanced grain protein content by over 20%. Low grain protein content in a derivative with a 2S-wheat translocation, waxy leaves, and absence of the gdm148 marker strongly suggests that the gene for higher grain protein content on chromosome 2S is orthologous to the grain protein QTL on the short arm of group 2 chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Gadaleta A, Nigro D, Giancaspro A, Blanco A. The glutamine synthetase (GS2) genes in relation to grain protein content of durum wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 2011; 11:665-70. [PMID: 21755355 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-011-0235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS2) is a key enzyme in plant nitrogen metabolism responsible of the first step of ammonium assimilation and transformation into glutamine (an essential compound in the amino acid-biosynthetic pathway). The goal of the present study was to isolate and characterize GS2 genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (GPC), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Here, we report the isolation of the complete glutamine synthetase gene sequences and their localization on the two homeologous chromosome 2A and 2B in durum wheat cvs. Ciccio and Svevo characterized by a different grain protein content. GS2-A2 located on 2A chromosome is comprised of 13 exons separated by 12 introns, and the allele sequence in the two cultivars were different for an insertion of 5 bp located in the third exon in the cv. Ciccio. The GS2-B2 has the same intron/exon structure, but the two cultivars differ for the insertion of a 33-bp sequence located in the second intron of the cv. Svevo. Specific primers were designed in the polymorphic region and amplified in a recombinant inbred line mapping population. The study localized GS genes (GS2-A2, GS2-B2 GSe, GSr) on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4A, and 4B, where four significant QTLs for GPC were also located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Agro-Forestry and Environmental Biology and Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
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Salunke R, Neelam K, Rawat N, Tiwari VK, Randhawa GS, Dhaliwal HS, Roy P. Bioavailability of iron from wheat aegilops derivatives selected for high grain iron and protein contents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7465-7473. [PMID: 21675739 DOI: 10.1021/jf2008277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model was employed to assess iron bioavailability from wheat Aegilops derivatives selected for high iron and protein contents. The iron content in wheat genotypes used in this study correlated to a great extent with both protein (r = 0.80) and phytate (r = 0.68) contents. The iron bioavailability was based on Caco-2 cell ferritin formation from cooked digests of these derivatives (relative to WL711 control) and correlated positively with dialyzable iron (r = 0.63) and total iron content (r = 0.38) but not with the phytate content. The apparently decreased phytate/iron molar ratios, however, correlated negatively (r = -0.42) with the iron bioavailability, justifying the utilization of these parameters in biofortification programs. Iron bioavailability in the derivatives increased up to 1.5-fold, corresponding to a 1.5-2.2-fold increase observed in iron content over control. These data suggest that biofortification for iron proportionately leading to higher iron bioavailability will be the most feasible and cost-effective approach to combat micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Salunke
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Mapping of main and epistatic effect QTLs associated to grain protein and gluten strength using a RIL population of durum wheat. J Appl Genet 2011; 52:287-98. [PMID: 21523429 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-011-0045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Quality, specifically protein content and gluten strength are among the main objectives of a durum wheat breeding program. The aim of this work was to validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with grain protein content (GPC) and gluten strength measured by SDS sedimentation volume (SV) and to find additional QTLs expressed in Argentinean environments. Also, epistatic QTL and QTL x environmental interactions were analyzed. A mapping population of 93 RILs derived from the cross UC1113 x Kofa showing extreme values in gluten quality was used. Phenotypic data were collected along six environments (three locations, two years). Main effect QTLs associated with GPC were found in equivalent positions in two environments on chromosomes 3BS (R(2)=21.0-21.6%) and 7BL (R(2)=12.1-13%), and in one environment on chromosomes 1BS, 2AL, 2BS, 3BL, 4AL, 5AS, 5BL and 7AS. The most important and stable QTL affecting SV was located on chromosome 1BL (Glu-B1) consistently detected over the six environments (R(2)=20.9- 54.2%). Additional QTLs were found in three environments on chromosomes 6AL (R(2)=6.4-12.5%), and in two environments on chromosomes 6BL (R(2)=11.5-12.1%), 7AS (R(2)=8.2-10.2%) and 4BS (R(2)=11-16.4%). In addition, pleiotropic effects were found affecting grain yield, test weight, thousand-kernel-weight and days to heading in some of these QTLs. Epistatic QTLs and QTL x environment interactions were found for both quality traits, mostly for GPC. The flanking markers of the QTLs detected in this work could be efficient tools to select superior genotypes for the mentioned traits.
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Fernie AR, Klee HJ. The use of natural genetic diversity in the understanding of metabolic organization and regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:59. [PMID: 22645543 PMCID: PMC3355787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolic regulation has traditionally focused on analysis of specific enzymes, emphasizing kinetic properties, and the influence of protein interactions and post-translational modifications. More recently, reverse genetic approaches permit researchers to directly determine the effects of a deficiency or a surplus of a given enzyme on the biochemistry and physiology of a plant. Furthermore, in many model species, gene expression atlases that give important spatial information concerning the quantitative expression level of metabolism-associated genes are being produced. In parallel, "top-down" approaches to understand metabolic regulation have recently been instigated whereby broad genetic diversity is screened for metabolic traits and the genetic basis of this diversity is defined thereafter. In this article we will review recent examples of this latter approach both in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop species tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In addition to highlighting examples in which this genetic diversity approach has proven promising, we will discuss the challenges associated with this approach and provide a perspective for its future utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alisdair R. Fernie, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. e-mail:
| | - Harry J. Klee
- Horticultural Sciences Department and the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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Bnejdi F, Gazzah ME. Epistasis and genotype-by-environment interaction of grain protein content in durum wheat. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:125-30. [PMID: 21637615 PMCID: PMC3036073 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010000100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental, F1 , F 2 , BC 1 and BC 2 generations of four crosses involving four cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated at two sites in Tunisia. A three-parameter model was found inadequate for all cases except crosses Chili x Cocorit 71 at site Sidi Thabet and Inrat 69 x Karim at both sites. In most cases a digenic epistatic model was sufficient to explain variation in generation means. Dominance effects (h) and additive x additive epistasis (i) (when significant) were more important than additive (d) effects and other epistatic components. Considering the genotype-by-environment interaction, the non-interactive model (m, d, h, e) was found adequate. Additive variance was higher than environmental variance in three crosses at both sites. The estimated values of narrow-sense heritability were dependent upon the cross and the sites and were 0%-85%. The results indicate that appropriate choice of environment and selection in later generations would increase grain protein content in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Bnejdi
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biométrie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar Tunisia
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Suprayogi Y, Pozniak CJ, Clarke FR, Clarke JM, Knox RE, Singh AK. Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for grain protein concentration in adapted Canadian durum wheat populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 119:437-48. [PMID: 19462147 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Grain protein concentration (GPC) is one of the most important factors influencing pasta-making quality. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars with high GPC produce pasta with increased tolerance to overcooking and greater cooked firmness. However, the large environmental effect on expression of GPC and the negative correlation with grain yield have slowed genetic improvement of this important trait. Understanding the genetics and identification of molecular markers associated with high GPC would aid durum wheat breeders in trait selection at earlier generations. The objectives of this study were to identify and validate molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for elevated GPC in durum wheat. A genetic map was constructed using SSR and DArT markers in an F(1)-derived doubled haploid (DH) population derived from the cross DT695 x Strongfield. The GPC data were collected from replicated trials grown in six Canadian environments from 2002 to 2005. QTL associated with variation for GPC were identified on the group 1, 2, and 7 chromosomes and on 5B and 6B, but only QGpc.usw-B3 on 2B and QGpc.usw-A3 on 7A were expressed consistently in four and six environments, respectively. Positive alleles for GPC at these loci were contributed by the high-GPC parent Strongfield. The QGpc.usw-A3 QTL was validated in a second DH population, and depending on environment, selection for the Strongfield allele at barc108 resulted in +0.4% to +1.0% increase in GPC, with little effect on yield in most environments. Given the consistent expression pattern in multiple populations and environments, barc108 could be useful for marker-assisted selection for high GPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suprayogi
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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Peleg Z, Cakmak I, Ozturk L, Yazici A, Jun Y, Budak H, Korol AB, Fahima T, Saranga Y. Quantitative trait loci conferring grain mineral nutrient concentrations in durum wheat x wild emmer wheat RIL population. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 119:353-69. [PMID: 19407982 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrient malnutrition, and particularly deficiency in zinc and iron, afflicts over 3 billion people worldwide. Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, genepool harbors a rich allelic repertoire for mineral nutrients in the grain. The genetic and physiological basis of grain protein, micronutrients (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) and macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur) concentration was studied in tetraploid wheat population of 152 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. Langdon) and wild emmer (accession G18-16). Wide genetic variation was found among the RILs for all grain minerals, with considerable transgressive effect. A total of 82 QTLs were mapped for 10 minerals with LOD score range of 3.2-16.7. Most QTLs were in favor of the wild allele (50 QTLs). Fourteen pairs of QTLs for the same trait were mapped to seemingly homoeologous positions, reflecting synteny between the A and B genomes. Significant positive correlation was found between grain protein concentration (GPC), Zn, Fe and Cu, which was supported by significant overlap between the respective QTLs, suggesting common physiological and/or genetic factors controlling the concentrations of these mineral nutrients. Few genomic regions (chromosomes 2A, 5A, 6B and 7A) were found to harbor clusters of QTLs for GPC and other nutrients. These identified QTLs may facilitate the use of wild alleles for improving grain nutritional quality of elite wheat cultivars, especially in terms of protein, Zn and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Klindworth D, Hareland G, Elias E, Faris J, Chao S, Xu S. Agronomic and quality characteristics of two new sets of Langdon durum–wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Patil R, Oak M, Tamhankar S, Rao V. Molecular mapping of QTLs for gluten strength as measured by sedimentation volume and mixograph in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp durum). J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang W, Chao S, Manthey F, Chicaiza O, Brevis JC, Echenique V, Dubcovsky J. QTL analysis of pasta quality using a composite microsatellite and SNP map of durum wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 117:1361-77. [PMID: 18781292 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bright yellow color, firmness and low cooking loss are important factors for the production of good-quality pasta products. However, the genetic factors underlying those traits are still poorly understood. To fill this gap we developed a population of 93 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from the cross between experimental line UC1113 (intermediate pasta quality) with the cultivar Kofa (excellent pasta quality). A total of 269 markers, including 23 SNP markers, were arranged on 14 linkage groups covering a total length of 2,140 cM. Samples from each RIL from five different environments were used for complete pasta quality testing and the results from each year were used for QTL analyses. The combined effect of different loci, environment and their interactions were analyzed using factorial ANOVAs for each trait. We identified major QTLs for pasta color on chromosomes 1B, 4B, 6A, 7A and 7B. The 4B QTL was linked to a polymorphic deletion in the Lpx-B1.1 lipoxygenase locus, suggesting that it was associated with pigment degradation during pasta processing. The 7B QTL for pasta color was linked to the Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy-B1) locus suggesting difference in pigment biosynthesis. QTLs affecting pasta firmness and cooking loss were detected on chromosomes 5A and 7B, and in both cases they were overlapping with QTL for grain protein content and wet gluten content. These last two parameters were highly correlated with pasta firmness (R > 0.71) and inversely correlated to cooking loss (R < -0.37). The location and effect of other QTLs affecting grain size and weight, gluten strength, mixing properties, and ash content are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, One Shields Av., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Cenci A, Carluccio AV, Abdelbacki AMM, Simeone R. Molecular mapping of the novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36 introgressed from Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides in durum wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 117:135-42. [PMID: 18392800 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in many regions of the world. Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (2n=4x=AABB), the progenitor of cultivated wheats, shows particular promises as a donor of useful genetic variation for several traits, including disease resistances. The wild emmer accession MG29896, resistant to powdery mildew, was backcrossed to the susceptible durum wheat cultivar Latino, and a set of backcross inbred lines (BC(5)F(5)) was produced. Genetic analysis of F(3) populations from two resistant introgression lines (5BIL-29 x Latino and 5BIL-42 x Latino) indicated that the powdery mildew resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. Molecular markers and the bulked segregant analysis were used to characterize and map the powdery mildew resistance. Five AFLP markers (XP43M32((250)), XP46M31((410)), XP41M37((100)), XP41M39((250)), XP39M32((120))), three genomic SSR markers (Xcfd07, Xwmc75, Xgwm408) and one EST-derived SSR marker (BJ261635) were found to be linked to the resistance gene in 5BIL-29 and only the BJ261635 marker in 5BIL-42. By means of Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic, ditelosomic and deletion lines, the polymorphic markers and the resistance gene were assigned to chromosome bin 5BL6-0.29-0.76. These results indicated that the two lines had the same resistance gene and that the introgressed dicoccoides chromosome segment was longer (35.5 cM) in 5BIL-29 than that introgressed in 5BIL-42 (less than 1.5 cM). As no powdery mildew resistance gene has been reported on chromosome arm 5BL, the novel resistance gene derived from var. dicoccoides was designated Pm36. The 244 bp allele of BJ261635 in 5BIL-42 can be used for marker-assisted selection during the wheat resistance breeding process for facilitating gene pyramiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Blanco
- Department of Agro-Forestry and Environmental Biology and Chemistry, University of Bari, via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Elangovan M, Rai R, Dholakia B, Lagu M, Tiwari R, Gupta R, Rao V, Röder M, Gupta V. Molecular genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with loaf volume in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Keurentjes JJB, Bentsink L, Alonso-Blanco C, Hanhart CJ, Blankestijn-De Vries H, Effgen S, Vreugdenhil D, Koornneef M. Development of a near-isogenic line population of Arabidopsis thaliana and comparison of mapping power with a recombinant inbred line population. Genetics 2006; 175:891-905. [PMID: 17179089 PMCID: PMC1800614 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.066423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations are widely used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses. However, mapping analyses with this type of population can be limited because of the masking effects of major QTL and epistatic interactions of multiple QTL. An alternative type of immortal experimental population commonly used in plant species are sets of introgression lines. Here we introduce the development of a genomewide coverage near-isogenic line (NIL) population of Arabidopsis thaliana, by introgressing genomic regions from the Cape Verde Islands (Cvi) accession into the Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background. We have empirically compared the QTL mapping power of this new population with an already existing RIL population derived from the same parents. For that, we analyzed and mapped QTL affecting six developmental traits with different heritability. Overall, in the NIL population smaller-effect QTL than in the RIL population could be detected although the localization resolution was lower. Furthermore, we estimated the effect of population size and of the number of replicates on the detection power of QTL affecting the developmental traits. In general, population size is more important than the number of replicates to increase the mapping power of RILs, whereas for NILs several replicates are absolutely required. These analyses are expected to facilitate experimental design for QTL mapping using these two common types of segregating populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, NL-6703 BD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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