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Katche E, Katche EI, Vasquez-Teuber P, Idris Z, Lo YT, Nugent D, Zou J, Batley J, Mason AS. Genome composition in Brassica interspecific hybrids affects chromosome inheritance and viability of progeny. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:22. [PMID: 37596507 PMCID: PMC10439240 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization is widespread in nature and can result in the formation of new hybrid species as well as the transfer of traits between species. However, the fate of newly formed hybrid lineages is relatively understudied. We undertook pairwise crossing between multiple genotypes of three Brassica allotetraploid species Brassica juncea (2n = AABB), Brassica carinata (2n = BBCC), and Brassica napus (2n = AACC) to generate AABC, BBAC, and CCAB interspecific hybrids and investigated chromosome inheritance and fertility in these hybrids and their self-pollinated progeny. Surprisingly, despite the presence of a complete diploid genome in all hybrids, hybrid fertility was very low. AABC and BBAC first generation (F1) hybrids both averaged ~16% pollen viability compared to 3.5% in CCAB hybrids: most CCAB hybrid flowers were male-sterile. AABC and CCAB F1 hybrid plants averaged 5.5 and 0.5 seeds per plant, respectively, and BBAC F1 hybrids ~56 seeds/plant. In the second generation (S1), all confirmed self-pollinated progeny resulting from CCAB hybrids were sterile, producing no self-pollinated seeds. Three AABC S1 hybrids putatively resulting from unreduced gametes produced 3, 14, and 182 seeds each, while other AABC S1 hybrids averaged 1.5 seeds/plant (0-8). BBAC S1 hybrids averaged 44 seeds/plant (range 0-403). We also observed strong bias towards retention rather than loss of the haploid genomes, suggesting that the subgenomes in the Brassica allotetraploids are already highly interdependent, such that loss of one subgenome is detrimental to fertility and viability. Our results suggest that relationships between subgenomes determine hybridization outcomes in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Katche
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ihien Katche
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paula Vasquez-Teuber
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez, 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Zurianti Idris
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Yu-Tzu Lo
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - David Nugent
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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2
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Katche EI, Schierholt A, Schiessl SV, He F, Lv Z, Batley J, Becker HC, Mason AS. Genetic factors inherited from both diploid parents interact to affect genome stability and fertility in resynthesized allotetraploid Brassica napus. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad136. [PMID: 37313757 PMCID: PMC10411605 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Established allopolyploids are known to be genomically stable and fertile. However, in contrast, most newly resynthesized allopolyploids are infertile and meiotically unstable. Identifying the genetic factors responsible for genome stability in newly formed allopolyploid is key to understanding how 2 genomes come together to form a species. One hypothesis is that established allopolyploids may have inherited specific alleles from their diploid progenitors which conferred meiotic stability. Resynthesized Brassica napus lines are often unstable and infertile, unlike B. napus cultivars. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing 41 resynthesized B. napus lines produced by crosses between 8 Brassica rapa and 8 Brassica oleracea lines for copy number variation resulting from nonhomologous recombination events and fertility. We resequenced 8 B. rapa and 5 B. oleracea parent accessions and analyzed 19 resynthesized lines for allelic variation in a list of meiosis gene homologs. SNP genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 3 individuals per line. Self-pollinated seed set and genome stability (number of copy number variants) were significantly affected by the interaction between both B. rapa and B. oleracea parental genotypes. We identified 13 putative meiosis gene candidates which were significantly associated with frequency of copy number variants and which contained putatively harmful mutations in meiosis gene haplotypes for further investigation. Our results support the hypothesis that allelic variants inherited from parental genotypes affect genome stability and fertility in resynthesized rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ihien Katche
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Antje Schierholt
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Breeding Methodology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Sarah-Veronica Schiessl
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main D-60325, Germany
| | - Fei He
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Zhenling Lv
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Heiko C Becker
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Breeding Methodology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
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3
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Kondo H, Deguchi A, Kikuchi S, Miyoshi K. Two pathways of 2n gamete formation and differences in the frequencies of 2n gametes between wild species and interspecific hybrids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2187-2200. [PMID: 35984498 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidendrum produces 2n gametes with high frequency. This paper is the first to report on multiple pathways for forming 2n gametes, meiotic defeats, and pre-meiotic chromosome doubling. Unreduced 2n reproductive cells are predominantly involved in pathways that lead to polyploid plants. Although one of the most common pathways for inducing 2n gametes is through meiotic defects, a small set of isolated species alternatively generates 2n gametes from tetraploid pollen mother cells in the pre-meiotic phase. Hence, determining the mechanisms underlying 2n gamete formation is critical to improving breeding programmes and understanding plant evolution. We investigated sporads to reveal the pathway(s) accounting for the formation and frequencies of 2n gametes in wild species and interspecific hybrids in the genus Epidendrum. We investigated different types of sporads with varying frequencies, sizes, and viability in the wild species and hybrids of the genus Epidendrum. Large tetrad-estimated pre-meiotic chromosome doubling was observed in wild species. The Epidendrum is unique in that it forms 2n pollens via two pathways, namely, meiotic defects and pre-meiotic chromosome doubling. These two pathways of 2n pollen formation could influence the high diversity generation of polyploidy with different degrees of heterozygosity and genetic backgrounds in the genus Epidendrum. Therefore, these findings are proposed to influence polyploid breeding of Epidendrum via 2n pollen, helping us understand evolution and speciation via unreduced 2n gamete formation in Orchidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Ayumi Deguchi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Shinji Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
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Liu Y, Ce F, Tang H, Tian G, Yang L, Qian W, Dong H. Genome-wide analysis of the serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins in Brassica napus L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:310-321. [PMID: 35932655 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The serine carboxypeptidase-like protein (SCPL) family plays a key part in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, the serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins in Brassica napus L. (B. napus) have not been reported yet. Here, we identified a total of 117 putative SCPL genes in B. napus, which were unevenly distributed on all 19 chromosomes and were divided into three groups (carboxypeptidase Ⅰ to Ⅲ) according to their phylogenetic relationships. Synteny and duplication analysis revealed that the SCPL gene family of B. napus was amplified during allopolyploidization, in which the whole genome triplication and dispersed duplication played critical roles. After the separation of Brassica and Arabidopsis lineages, orthologous gene analysis showed that many SCPL genes were lost during the evolutionary process in B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus. Subsequently, the analyses of the gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-element and expression patterns showed that the members in the same group were highly conserved. Furthermore, candidate gene based association study suggested the role of BnSCPL52 in controlling seed number per silique, seed weight and silique length and a CAPS marker was developed to distinguish different haplotypes. Our results provide an overview of rapeseed SCPL genes that enable us for further functional research and benefit the marker-assisted breeding in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fuquan Ce
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huan Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guifu Tian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hongli Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Sohn SI, Thamilarasan SK, Pandian S, Oh YJ, Ryu TH, Lee GS, Shin EK. Interspecific Hybridization of Transgenic Brassica napus and Brassica rapa-An Overview. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081442. [PMID: 36011353 PMCID: PMC9407623 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, interspecific hybridization occurs frequently and can contribute to the production of new species or the introgression of beneficial adaptive features between species. It has great potential in agricultural systems to boost the process of targeted crop improvement. In the advent of genetically modified (GM) crops, it has a disadvantage that it involves the transgene escaping to unintended plants, which could result in non-specific weedy crops. Several crop species in the Brassica genus have close kinship: canola (Brassica napus) is an ancestral hybrid of B. rapa and B. oleracea and mustard species such as B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. nigra share common genomes. Hence, intraspecific hybridization among the Brassica species is most common, especially between B. napus and B. rapa. In general, interspecific hybrids cause numerous genetic and phenotypic changes in the parental lines. Consequently, their fitness and reproductive ability are also highly varied. In this review, we discuss the interspecific hybridization and reciprocal hybridization studies of B. napus and B. rapa and their potential in the controlled environment. Further, we address the fate of transgenes (herbicide resistance) and their ability to transfer to their progenies or generations. This could help us to understand the environmental influence of interspecific hybrids and how to effectively manage their transgene escape in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-063-238-4712
| | - Senthil Kumar Thamilarasan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Oh
- Institute for Future Environment Ecology Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54883, Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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Zhang W, Shi H, Zhou Y, Liang X, Luo X, Xiao C, Li Y, Xu P, Wang J, Gong W, Zou Q, Tao L, Kang Z, Tang R, Li Z, Yang J, Fu S. Rapid and Synchronous Breeding of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile and Maintainer Line Through Mitochondrial DNA Rearrangement Using Doubled Haploid Inducer in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:871006. [PMID: 35557722 PMCID: PMC9087798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.871006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
When homozygously fertile plants were induced using doubled haploid (DH) induction lines Y3380 and Y3560, the morphology of the induced F1 generation was basically consistent with the female parent, but the fertility was separated, showing characteristics similar to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and maintainer lines. In this study, the morphology, fertility, ploidy, and cytoplasm genotype of the induced progeny were identified, and the results showed that the sterile progeny was polima cytoplasm sterile (pol CMS) and the fertile progeny was nap cytoplasm. The molecular marker and test-cross experimental results showed that the fertile progeny did not carry the restorer gene of pol CMS and the genetic distance between the female parent and the offspring was 0.002. This suggested that those inductions which produced sterile and fertile progeny were coordinated to CMS and maintainer lines. Through the co-linearity analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), it was found that the rearrangement of mtDNA by DH induction was the key factor that caused the transformation of fertility (nap) into sterility (pol). Also, when heterozygous females were induced with DH induction lines, the induction F2 generation also showed the segregation of fertile and sterile lines, and the genetic distance between sterile and fertile lines was approximately 0.075. Therefore, the induction line can induce different types of female parents, and the breeding of the sterile line and the maintainer line can be achieved through the rapid synchronization of sister crosses and self-crosses. The induction of DH inducer in B. napus can provide a new model for the innovation of germplasm resources and open up a new way for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- Agricultural College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- Agricultural College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Liang
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Li
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Peizhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanzhuo Gong
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanrong Tao
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeming Kang
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Agricultural College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohong Fu
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
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Zhou Y, Yang M, Zhao S, Shi H, Li Y, Gong W, Yang J, Wang J, Zou Q, Tao L, Kang Z, Tang R, Guo S, Fu S. Rapid Creation of Interspecific Hybrid Progeny to Broaden Genetic Distance through Double Haploid (DH) Inducer in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050695. [PMID: 35270165 PMCID: PMC8912716 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization of rapeseed is an important way to innovate breeding resources. This research used Brassica napus and Brassica rapa for artificial synthesis interspecific hybridization of F1. The F1 self-fruiting rate was particularly low. By comparing the fertilization rate and seed setting rate of nine crosses and selfing combinations of interspecific hybrid progeny F1 and control B. napus, the results proved that the genetic stability of egg cells was greater than that of sperm cells, so the F1 could get seed by artificial pollination with other normal pollen. Based on these results, interspecific maternal inbred offspring (induced F1) from egg cells was obtained by emasculation and pollination with the pollen of DH inducer Y3380. It was found through morphological analysis, flow cytometry identification, and meiotic observation of induced F1, the plants had most normal fertile tetraploid and the meiosis was normal. The FISH results showed that the induced F1 were B. napus (2n = 4x = 38, AACC), 20 A and 19 C chromosomes. The results of SNP chip detection and genetic cluster analysis found that the genetic variation between interspecies could be preserved or broadened in the induced F1. The use of DH inducer created special breeding resources for interspecific hybridization and distant hybridization of rapeseed while shortening time, improving efficiency, and providing a new insight into innovate breeding resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meicui Yang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shihui Zhao
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Yun Li
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Wanzhuo Gong
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Jin Yang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Qiong Zou
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Lanrong Tao
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Zeming Kang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Rong Tang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Shixing Guo
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaohong Fu
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.K.); (R.T.)
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8
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Roslinsky V, Falk KC, Gaebelein R, Mason AS, Eynck C. Development of B. carinata with super-high erucic acid content through interspecific hybridization. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3167-3181. [PMID: 34269830 PMCID: PMC8440251 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Disomic alien chromosome addition Brassica carinata lines with super-high erucic acid content were developed through interspecific hybridization with B. juncea and characterized using molecular, cytological and biochemical techniques. Brassica carinata [A.] Braun (BBCC, 2n = 34) is a climate-resilient oilseed. Its seed oil is high in erucic acid (> 40%), rendering it well suited for the production of biofuel and other bio-based applications. To enhance the competitiveness of B. carinata with high erucic B. napus (HEAR), lines with super-high erucic acid content were developed through interspecific hybridization. To this end, a fad2B null allele from Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) was introgressed into B. carinata, resulting in a B. carinata fad2B mutant with erucic acid levels of over 50%. Subsequently, the FAE allele from B. rapa spp. yellow sarson (AA, 2n = 20) was transferred to the fad2B B. carinata line, yielding lines with erucic acid contents of up to 57.9%. Molecular analysis using the Brassica 90 K Illumina Infinium™ SNP genotyping array identified these lines as disomic alien chromosome addition lines, with two extra A08 chromosomes containing the BrFAE gene. The alien chromosomes from B. rapa were clearly distinguished by molecular cytogenetics in one of the addition lines. Analysis of microspore-derived offspring and hybrids from crosses with a CMS B. carinata line showed that the transfer rate of the A08 chromosome into male gametes was over 98%, resulting in almost completely stable transmission of an A08 chromosome copy into the progeny. The increase in erucic acid levels was accompanied by changes in the proportions of other fatty acids depending on the genetic changes that were introduced in the interspecific hybrids, providing valuable insights into erucic acid metabolism in Brassica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Roslinsky
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kevin C Falk
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Roman Gaebelein
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Plant Breeding, INRES, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Eynck
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Boideau F, Pelé A, Tanguy C, Trotoux G, Eber F, Maillet L, Gilet M, Lodé-Taburel M, Huteau V, Morice J, Coriton O, Falentin C, Delourme R, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Chèvre AM. A Modified Meiotic Recombination in Brassica napus Largely Improves Its Breeding Efficiency. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080771. [PMID: 34440003 PMCID: PMC8389541 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The selection of varieties more resilient to disease and climate change requires generating new genetic diversity for breeding. The main mechanism for reshuffling genetic information is through the recombination of chromosomes during meiosis. We showed in oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 4x = 38), which is a natural hybrid formed from a cross between turnip (B. rapa, AA, 2n = 2x = 20) and cabbage (B. oleracea, CC, 2n = 2x = 18), that there is significantly more crossovers occurring along the entire A chromosomes in allotriploid AAC (crossbetween B. napus and B. rapa) than in diploid AA or allotetraploid AACC hybrids. We demonstrated that these allotriploid AAC hybrids are highly efficient to introduce new variability within oilseed rape varieties, notably by enabling the introduction of small genomic regions carrying genes controlling agronomically interesting traits. Abstract Meiotic recombination is the main tool used by breeders to generate biodiversity, allowing genetic reshuffling at each generation. It enables the accumulation of favorable alleles while purging deleterious mutations. However, this mechanism is highly regulated with the formation of one to rarely more than three crossovers, which are not randomly distributed. In this study, we showed that it is possible to modify these controls in oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) and that it is linked to AAC allotriploidy and not to polyploidy per se. To that purpose, we compared the frequency and the distribution of crossovers along A chromosomes from hybrids carrying exactly the same A nucleotide sequence, but presenting three different ploidy levels: AA, AAC and AACC. Genetic maps established with 202 SNPs anchored on reference genomes revealed that the crossover rate is 3.6-fold higher in the AAC allotriploid hybrids compared to AA and AACC hybrids. Using a higher SNP density, we demonstrated that smaller and numerous introgressions of B. rapa were present in AAC hybrids compared to AACC allotetraploid hybrids, with 7.6 Mb vs. 16.9 Mb on average and 21 B. rapa regions per plant vs. nine regions, respectively. Therefore, this boost of recombination is highly efficient to reduce the size of QTL carried in cold regions of the oilseed rape genome, as exemplified here for a QTL conferring blackleg resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Boideau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Alexandre Pelé
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
- Laboratory of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Coleen Tanguy
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Gwenn Trotoux
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Frédérique Eber
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Loeiz Maillet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Marie Gilet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Maryse Lodé-Taburel
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Virginie Huteau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Olivier Coriton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Cyril Falentin
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Régine Delourme
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-23-48-51-31
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10
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Song X, Yan J, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng A, Zhang Q, Wang J, Bian Q, Shao Z, Wang Y, Qiang S. Gene Flow Risks From Transgenic Herbicide-Tolerant Crops to Their Wild Relatives Can Be Mitigated by Utilizing Alien Chromosomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670209. [PMID: 34177986 PMCID: PMC8231706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integration of a transgene into chromosomes of the C-genomes of oilseed rape (AACC, 2n = 38) may affect their gene flow to wild relatives, particularly Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36). However, no empiric evidence exists in favor of the C-genome as a safer candidate for transformation. In the presence of herbicide selections, the first- to fourth-generation progenies of a B. juncea × glyphosate-tolerant oilseed rape cross [EPSPS gene insertion in the A-genome (Roundup Ready, event RT73)] showed more fitness than a B. juncea × glufosinate-tolerant oilseed rape cross [PAT gene insertion in the C-genome (Liberty Link, event HCN28)]. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization-bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC-FISH) analyses showed that crossed progenies from the cultivars with transgenes located on either A- or C- chromosome were mixoploids, and their genomes converged over four generations to 2n = 36 (AABB) and 2n = 37 (AABB + C), respectively. Chromosome pairing of pollen mother cells was more irregular in the progenies from cultivar whose transgene located on C- than on A-chromosome, and the latter lost their C-genome-specific markers faster. Thus, transgene insertion into the different genomes of B. napus affects introgression under herbicide selection. This suggests that gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives could be mitigated by breeding transgenic allopolyploid crops, where the transgene is inserted into an alien chromosome.
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11
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Katche E, Gaebelein R, Idris Z, Vasquez-Teuber P, Lo YT, Nugent D, Batley J, Mason AS. Stable, fertile lines produced by hybridization between allotetraploids Brassica juncea (AABB) and Brassica carinata (BBCC) have merged the A and C genomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1242-1257. [PMID: 33476056 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many flowering plant taxa contain allopolyploids that share one or more genomes in common. In the Brassica genus, crop species Brassica juncea and Brassica carinata share the B genome, with 2n = AABB and 2n = BBCC genome complements, respectively. Hybridization results in 2n = BBAC hybrids, but the fate of these hybrids over generations of self-pollination has never been reported. We produced and characterized B. juncea × B. carinata (2n = BBAC) interspecific hybrids over six generations of self-pollination under selection for high fertility using a combination of genotyping, fertility phenotyping, and cytogenetics techniques. Meiotic pairing behaviour improved from 68% bivalents in the F1 to 98% in the S5 /S6 generations, and initially low hybrid fertility also increased to parent species levels. The S5 /S6 hybrids contained an intact B genome (16 chromosomes) plus a new, stable A/C genome (18-20 chromosomes) resulting from recombination and restructuring of A and C-genome chromosomes. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that two genomes can come together to form a new, restructured genome in hybridization events between two allotetraploid species that share a common genome. This mechanism should be considered in interpreting phylogenies in taxa with multiple allopolyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Katche
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Roman Gaebelein
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Zurianti Idris
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paula Vasquez-Teuber
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Yu-Tzu Lo
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David Nugent
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, Bonn, 53115, Germany
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12
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Chawla HS, Lee H, Gabur I, Vollrath P, Tamilselvan‐Nattar‐Amutha S, Obermeier C, Schiessl SV, Song J, Liu K, Guo L, Parkin IAP, Snowdon RJ. Long-read sequencing reveals widespread intragenic structural variants in a recent allopolyploid crop plant. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:240-250. [PMID: 32737959 PMCID: PMC7868984 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome structural variation (SV) contributes strongly to trait variation in eukaryotic species and may have an even higher functional significance than single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In recent years, there have been a number of studies associating large chromosomal scale SV ranging from hundreds of kilobases all the way up to a few megabases to key agronomic traits in plant genomes. However, there have been little or no efforts towards cataloguing small- (30-10 000 bp) to mid-scale (10 000-30 000 bp) SV and their impact on evolution and adaptation-related traits in plants. This might be attributed to complex and highly duplicated nature of plant genomes, which makes them difficult to assess using high-throughput genome screening methods. Here, we describe how long-read sequencing technologies can overcome this problem, revealing a surprisingly high level of widespread, small- to mid-scale SV in a major allopolyploid crop species, Brassica napus. We found that up to 10% of all genes were affected by small- to mid-scale SV events. Nearly half of these SV events ranged between 100 bp and 1000 bp, which makes them challenging to detect using short-read Illumina sequencing. Examples demonstrating the contribution of such SV towards eco-geographical adaptation and disease resistance in oilseed rape suggest that revisiting complex plant genomes using medium-coverage long-read sequencing might reveal unexpected levels of functional gene variation, with major implications for trait regulation and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HueyTyng Lee
- Department of Plant BreedingJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Iulian Gabur
- Department of Plant BreedingJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Paul Vollrath
- Department of Plant BreedingJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | | | - Sarah V. Schiessl
- Department of Plant BreedingJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Department of Botany and Molecular EvolutionSenckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jia‐Ming Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | | | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant BreedingJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
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Torres Carbonell F, Ureta S, Pandolfo C, Presotto A. Molecular characterization of imidazolinone-resistant Brassica rapa × B. napus hybrids. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:746. [PMID: 33145668 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivation in our country entails the risk of gene transfer to related wild species. One of these species is the wild turnip (B. rapa), an important weed of winter crops widely distributed in the Pampas region. Despite hybridization risks, Clearfield ® oilseed rape is available in Argentina. In 2008, a B. rapa population, which was sympatric to an imidazolinone-resistant and a conventional oilseed rape cultivar, was located on a farm in the main cropping area of the country. Herbicide-resistant individuals were found in the progeny of this population in a herbicide screening test. Therefore, a molecular characterization using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was conducted on these plants to determine their hybrid nature and to establish the origin of the imidazolinone resistance trait. The results of this study, along with information of field records, confirmed that the resistant plants were first generation interspecific hybrids. Imidazolinone resistance had been effectively transferred from the herbicide-resistant oilseed rape, even in the particular situation of pollen competition. Oilseed rape resistant cultivars are becoming more common in the country. So, considering that seed loss and crop volunteers are common in these species, it is crucial to avoid the dispersion of new resistant weed biotypes as they reduce the effectiveness of chemical control technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Torres Carbonell
- Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Soledad Ureta
- Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Pandolfo
- Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Presotto
- Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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14
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Sosnowska K, Majka M, Majka J, Bocianowski J, Kasprowicz M, Książczyk T, Szała L, Cegielska-Taras T. Chromosome instabilities in resynthesized Brassica napus revealed by FISH. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:323-335. [PMID: 32318927 PMCID: PMC7413880 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brassica napus is an allopolyploid plant, derived from spontaneous hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Intensive breeding has led to a significant reduction in genetic and phenotypic diversity within this species. Newly resynthesized hybrids from progenitor species may restore some diversity in B. napus, but they often are chromosomally and phenotypically unstable. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we tested chromosome constitutions in a range of new allopolyploids resynthesized from various parental species. A majority of these allopolyploids were euploid, with the expected chromosome numbers and constitutions, but deviations were also identified. We detected a low level of intergenomic rearrangements in analyzed hybrids and a high level of changes in rDNA loci. Our study revealed a significant effect of maternal cross combination on loss of 35S rDNA loci, especially when B. rapa was the maternal parent. The studied lines were characterized by diversified of pollen viability. In the analyzed hybrids, the erucic acid level in the seed oil ranged from 0 to 43.4% and total glucosinolate content in seeds ranged from 24.3 to 119.2 μmol g−1. Our study shows that cytogenetic analysis of B. napus resynthesized hybrids would be useful in breeding for the selection of lines with important agricultural characters and genetically stable stock seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Majka
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Majka
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Kasprowicz
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Książczyk
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Laurencja Szała
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Teresa Cegielska-Taras
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
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15
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Yang Y, Yan G, Li Z, Yuan J, Wei X, Wei F, Tian B, Xie Z, Shi G, Zhang X, Cao G. Cytological atlas at meiosis reveals insights into pollen fertility in synthetic Brassica allotriploids between allotetraploid B. carinata and diploid B. rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:237-245. [PMID: 31981876 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of allopolyploid crops basically depends on the successful interspecific hybridization and polyploidization, which generally involves in a combination of distinct but related genomes from independent species. But cytological analysis of these initially synthesized allohaploids immediately after genome merging is poorly explored in regards to anther and pollen development to date. In this study, Brassica trigenomic allohaploids (ABC) were produced to investigate the immediate effects of the genome combinations on pollen fertility during anther development via crosses between natural allotetraploid B. carinata (BBCC) and diploid B. rapa (AA). The results showed that in the synthetic Brassica allotriploids (ABC), the anther development was completely disrupted, and the pollen grains were mostly inviable with varied genetic complements. In addition, the meiosis course was aberrantly altered and eccentric chromosomal configurations including multivalent, bridges and lags occurred frequently during metaphase I to anaphase II. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) further revealed that B genome of homoeology was frequently apt to interact with A and C genomes, and cytoskeletal organizations was improperly distributed during meiosis in these synthetic Brassica allotriploids. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the expression of typical meiosis-related genes was obviously repressed during anther development in these Brassica allotriploids. Taken together, our results provide a detailed cytology for insights into pollen development in the synthetic allotriploid hybrids, which are conventionally considered as a useful genetic resource for polyploid Brassica breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ge Yan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zishuang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jiachen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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16
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Tu YK, Chen HW, Tseng KY, Lin YC, Kuo BJ. Morphological and genetic characteristics of F 1 hybrids introgressed from Brassica napus to B. rapa in Taiwan. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:1. [PMID: 31965392 PMCID: PMC6974233 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional introgression from genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to a relative is inevitable in the open field. A feasible and practical strategy for restricting the spread of GM offspring is to set a reasonable isolated distance between GM B. napus and the relatives. To define the isolated distance, a pollen donor/recipient pair is a prerequisite to conducting the field trial of pollen flow. However, because the cultivation of GM B. napus is prohibited in Taiwan, it is difficult to obtain relevant information. Thus, this study explored the morphological and genetic characteristics of five varieties of B. napus (donor), three varieties of B. rapa (recipient), and the 15 corresponding F1 hybrids, aiming to construct phenotypic data and genetic variation data and to select the most appropriate pollen donor/recipient for future field trials of pollen flow. RESULTS The genome size of all F1 hybrids estimated using flow cytometry showed intermediate DNA content between B. napus and B. rapa varieties. Most of the F1 hybrids had intermediate plant height and blooming period, and the rosette leaves type and colors resembled those of B. napus varieties. The results of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) showed an average of 9.52 bands per primer combination and 67.87 polymorphic bands among the F1 hybrid population. Similarity and cluster analyses revealed higher similarity between F1 hybrids and B. napus varieties than between F1 hybrids and B. rapa varieties. Furthermore, we identified a specific 1100-bp band (LOC106302894) in F1 hybrids and B. napus varieties but not in B. rapa varieties. CONCLUSIONS The rosette leaves and the DNA marker LOC106302894 observed in F1 hybrids are consistent phenotypic and genetic characteristics that can be used to identify the presence of unintentional hybridization from B. napus to B. rapa in Taiwan. Due to the prohibition of GM crop cultivation, the hybridization system of non-GM Brassica species in this study can be utilized as a mimic scheme to conduct pollen flow trials, thus facilitating the determination of the proper isolated distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kai Tu
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No.189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng Dist., Taichung City, 41362, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Han-Wei Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No.189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng Dist., Taichung City, 41362, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kuang-Yu Tseng
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No.189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng Dist., Taichung City, 41362, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yen-Chun Lin
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, No.189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng Dist., Taichung City, 41362, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Bo-Jein Kuo
- Department of Agronomy and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, No.145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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17
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Nikzad A, Kebede B, Pinzon J, Bhavikkumar J, Wang X, Yang RC, Rahman H. Potential of the C Genome of the Different Variants of Brassica oleracea for Heterosis in Spring B. napus Canola. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1691. [PMID: 32010170 PMCID: PMC6978715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The genetic base of Brassica napus canola need to be broadened for exploitation of heterosis at a greater level in the breeding of F1 hybrid canola cultivars. In this study, we evaluated 228 inbred B. napus canola lines derived from six B. napus × B. oleracea interspecific crosses and following two breeding methods (F2- and BC1-derived lines) to understand the effect of the B. oleracea alleles on heterosis for different agronomic and seed quality traits. Test hybrids of the inbreds derived from crosses involving vars. botrytis (cauliflower), alboglabra (Chinese kale) and capitata (cabbage) cv. Badger Shipper, on an average, gave about 10% mid-parent heterosis (MPH), and about 67% of the test hybrids gave higher seed yield than the common B. napus parent indicating that B. oleracea alleles can contribute to heterosis for seed yield in spring B. napus canola hybrids. This was also evident from a positive correlation of the genetic distance of the inbred lines from the common B. napus parent with MPH for seed yield (r = 0.31) as well as with hybrid yield (r = 0.26). Almost no correlation was found between genetic distance and MPH for seed oil and protein content as well as with the performance of the test hybrids for these two traits. The occurrence of positive correlation between seed yield of the inbred lines and test hybrids suggested the importance of the genes exerting additive effect for high seed yield in the hybrids. Very little or almost no heterosis was found for the other agronomic traits as well as for seed oil and protein content. While comparing the two breeding methods, no significant difference was found for seed yield of the test hybrids or the level of MPH; however, the BC1-derived inbred and test hybrid populations flowered and matured earlier and had longer grain-filling period than the F2-derived population. Thus, the results suggested that the B. oleracea gene pool can be used in the breeding of spring B. napus canola to improve seed yield in hybrid cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Nikzad
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Berisso Kebede
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaime Pinzon
- Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jani Bhavikkumar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rong-Cai Yang
- Crop Research and Extension Division, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Zhang L, Zou J, Li S, Wang B, Raboanatahiry N, Li M. Characterization and expression profiles of miRNAs in the triploid hybrids of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:649. [PMID: 31412776 PMCID: PMC6694508 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyploidy provides a means of interspecific genome transfer to incorporate preferable traits from progenitor to progeny. However, few studies on miRNA expression profiles of interspecific hybrids of B. napus (AnAnCnCn) and B. rapa (ArAr) have been reported. RESULTS Here, we apply small RNA sequencing to explore miRNA expression patterns between B. napus, B. rapa and their F1 hybrid. Bioinformatics analysis identified 376, 378, 383 conserved miRNAs and 82, 76, 82 novel miRNAs in B. napus, B. rapa and the F1 hybrid, respectively. Moreover, 213 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between B. napus, B. rapa and the F1 hybrid. The present study also shows 211 miRNAs, including 77 upregulated and 134 downregulated miRNAs, to be nonadditively expressed in the F1 hybrid. Furthermore, miRNA synteny analysis revealed high genomic conservation between the genomes of B. napus, B. rapa and their F1 hybrid, with some miRNA loss and gain events in the F1 hybrid. CONCLUSIONS This study not only provides useful resources for exploring global miRNA expression patterns and genome structure but also facilitates genetic research on the roles of miRNAs in genomic interactions of Brassica allopolyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Nadia Raboanatahiry
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Maoteng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China.
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19
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Pelé A, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Chèvre AM. Speciation Success of Polyploid Plants Closely Relates to the Regulation of Meiotic Recombination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 30002669 PMCID: PMC6031745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a widespread phenomenon, especially in flowering plants that have all undergone at least one event of whole genome duplication during their evolutionary history. Consequently, a large range of plants, including many of the world's crops, combines more than two sets of chromosomes originating from the same (autopolyploids) or related species (allopolyploids). Depending on the polyploid formation pathway, different patterns of recombination will be promoted, conditioning the level of heterozygosity. A polyploid population harboring a high level of heterozygosity will produce more genetically diverse progenies. Some of these individuals may show a better adaptability to different ecological niches, increasing their chance for successful establishment through natural selection. Another condition for young polyploids to survive corresponds to the formation of well-balanced gametes, assuring a sufficient level of fertility. In this review, we discuss the consequences of polyploid formation pathways, meiotic behavior and recombination regulation on the speciation success and maintenance of polyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pelé
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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20
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Shea DJ, Tomaru Y, Itabashi E, Nakamura Y, Miyazaki T, Kakizaki T, Naher TN, Shimizu M, Fujimoto R, Fukai E, Okazaki K. The production and characterization of a BoFLC2 introgressed Brassica rapa by repeated backcrossing to an F 1. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:316-325. [PMID: 30100798 PMCID: PMC6081295 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is an important agronomic trait for Brassica rapa crops, and previous breeding work in Brassica has successfully transmitted other important agronomic traits from donor species. However, there has been no previous attempts to produce hybrids replacing the original Brassica FLC alleles with alien FLC alleles. In this paper, we introduce the creation of a chromosome substitution line (CSSL) containing a homozygous introgression of Flowering Locus C from Brassica oleracea (BoFLC2) into a B. rapa genomic background, and characterize the CSSL line with respect to the parental cultivars. The preferential transmission of alien chromosome inheritance and the pattern of transmission observed during the production of the CSSLs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Shea
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,
2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
| | - Yuki Tomaru
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,
2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
| | - Etsuko Itabashi
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science,
360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392,
Japan
| | - Yuri Nakamura
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,
2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
| | - Toshio Miyazaki
- Nippon Norin Seed Co.,
6-6-5 Takinogawa, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0023,
Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kakizaki
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science,
360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392,
Japan
| | | | - Motoki Shimizu
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center,
22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003,
Japan
| | - Ryo Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University,
Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501,
Japan
| | - Eigo Fukai
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,
2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
| | - Keiichi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University,
2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
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21
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Fu S, Yin L, Xu M, Li Y, Wang M, Yang J, Fu T, Wang J, Shen J, Ali A, Zou Q, Yi B, Wen J, Tao L, Kang Z, Tang R. Maternal doubled haploid production in interploidy hybridization between Brassica napus and Brassica allooctaploids. PLANTA 2018; 247:113-125. [PMID: 28879514 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We found a new in vivo route to produce maternal doubled haploid of Brassica napus . The pollen donor, an allooctaploid rapeseed, acts as a DH inducer. Inbred line has a powerful advantage in cultivar breeding and genetic analysis. Compared to the traditional breeding methods, doubled haploid production can save years off the breeding process. Though genotype-dependent tissue culture methods are widely used in the Brassica crops, seed-based in vivo doubled haploid developing systems are rare in nature and in the laboratory. As interspecific cross and interploid hybridization play an important role in genome evolution and plant speciation, we created a new Brassica artificial hybrid, a Brassica allooctaploid (AAAACCCC, 2n = 8× = 76), by interspecific crossing and genome doubling. A homozygous line was observed at the third self-generation of a synthesized Brassica allohexaploid (AAAACC, 2n = 6× = 58). Crosses between B. napus as female and Brassica allooctaploid as pollen donor were conducted, which yielded maternal doubled haploid B. napus that were identified based on phenotype, ploidy, and molecular analysis. The Brassica octaploid acted as a maternal doubled haploid inducer and had a relatively high induction rate. Our research provides a new insight for generation of homozygous lines in vivo using a single-step approach, as well as promotes the understanding in breeding programs and genetic studies involving the Brassicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Fu
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqin Yin
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
- Leshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Leshan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Asif Ali
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanrong Tao
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeming Kang
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Institute of Crop Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Research Branch, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center, Chengdu, China
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22
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de Jong TJ, Escobedo Quevedo K, van der Veen-van Wijk CAM, Moshgani M. Performance of aneuploid backcross hybrids between the crop Brassica napus and its wild relative B. rapa. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:67-74. [PMID: 28921773 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crossings between the diploid wild Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) and the tetraploid cultivar B. napus (AACC, 2n = 38) can readily be made. Backcrosses to the wild B. rapa (BC1 ) produce aneuploids with variable chromosome numbers between 20 and 29. How does survival and performance relate to DNA content of plants? Growth of the BC1 plants was measured in the lab. One plant in the F1 self-pollinated spontaneously and produced abundant F2 seeds that were also examined. The number of C-chromosomes was estimated from DNA values obtained with flow cytometry. Average DNA value of the BC1 was similar to that of the parents, which shows that C-chromosomes do not reduce success of pollen or embryos. The average DNA value in the F2 was 13% higher than in the F1 , suggesting that extra C-chromosomes facilitated gamete success and/or embryo survival. Under both optimal and drought stress conditions growth and survival of BC1 hybrids was similar to that of B. rapa. No significant correlations existed between growth or survival and DNA value. Aneuploid plants were not inferior under the conditions of the growth room and may persist in nature. We discuss other factors, such as herbivory, that could prevent hybrid establishment in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J de Jong
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - M Moshgani
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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23
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Stein A, Coriton O, Rousseau‐Gueutin M, Samans B, Schiessl SV, Obermeier C, Parkin IA, Chèvre A, Snowdon RJ. Mapping of homoeologous chromosome exchanges influencing quantitative trait variation in Brassica napus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1478-1489. [PMID: 28370938 PMCID: PMC5633767 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements arising during polyploidization are an important source of genetic and phenotypic variation in the recent allopolyploid crop Brassica napus. Exchanges among homoeologous chromosomes, due to interhomoeologue pairing, and deletions without compensating homoeologous duplications are observed in both natural B. napus and synthetic B. napus. Rearrangements of large or small chromosome segments induce gene copy number variation (CNV) and can potentially cause phenotypic changes. Unfortunately, complex genome restructuring is difficult to deal with in linkage mapping studies. Here, we demonstrate how high-density genetic mapping with codominant, physically anchored SNP markers can detect segmental homoeologous exchanges (HE) as well as deletions and accurately link these to QTL. We validated rearrangements detected in genetic mapping data by whole-genome resequencing of parental lines along with cytogenetic analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization with bacterial artificial chromosome probes (BAC-FISH) coupled with PCR using primers specific to the rearranged region. Using a well-known QTL region influencing seed quality traits as an example, we confirmed that HE underlies the trait variation in a DH population involving a synthetic B. napus trait donor, and succeeded in narrowing the QTL to a small defined interval that enables delineation of key candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stein
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Olivier Coriton
- IGEPPINRAAgrocampus OuestUniversité de Rennes 1Le RheuFrance
| | | | - Birgit Samans
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Sarah V. Schiessl
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Christian Obermeier
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | | | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
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24
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Zhan Z, Nwafor CC, Hou Z, Gong J, Zhu B, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Wu J, Piao Z, Tong Y, Liu C, Zhang C. Cytological and morphological analysis of hybrids between Brassicoraphanus, and Brassica napus for introgression of clubroot resistant trait into Brassica napus L. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177470. [PMID: 28505203 PMCID: PMC5432170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization is a powerful tool for improvement of crop species, it has the potential to broaden the genetic base and create new plant forms for breeding programs. Synthetic allopolyploid is a widely-used model for the study of genetic recombination and fixed heterosis in Brassica. In Brassica napus breeding, identification and introgression of new sources of clubroot resistance trait from wild or related species into it by hybridization is a long-term crop management strategy for clubroot disease. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a close relative of the Brassica and most radish accessions are immune to the clubroot disease. A synthesized allotetraploid Brassicoraphanus (RRCC, 2n = 36) between R. sativus cv. HQ-04 (2n = 18, RR) and Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L.H Bailey) (2n = 18, CC) proved resistant of multiple clubroot disease pathogen P. brassicae. To predict the possibility to transfer the clubroot resistance trait from the RR subgenome of allotetraploid Brassicoraphanus (RRCC, 2n = 36) into Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38), we analyzed the frequency of chromosome pairings in the F1 hybrids produced from a cross between B. napus cv. HS5 and the allotetraploid, characterize the genomic composition of some backcrossed progeny (BC1) using GISH, BAC-FISH and AFLP techniques. The level of intergenomic pairing between A and R genomes in the F1 hybrid was high, allosyndetic bivalents formed in 73.53% PMCs indicative of significant level of homeologous recombination between two genomes and high probability of incorporating chromosomal segments/genes from R-genome into A/C-genomes. The BC1 plants inherited variant extra R chromosomes or fragments from allotetraploid as revealed by GISH and AFLP analysis. 13.51% BC2 individuals were resistant to clubroot disease, and several resistance lines had high pollen fertility, Overall, the genetic material presented in this work represents a potential new genetic resource for practical use in breeding B. napus clubroot resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxiang Zhan
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chinedu Charles Nwafor
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoke Hou
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Gong
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingfen Jiang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangsheng Wu
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyun Piao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Tong
- Yichang Academy of Agriculture Science, Yichang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Pelé A, Falque M, Trotoux G, Eber F, Nègre S, Gilet M, Huteau V, Lodé M, Jousseaume T, Dechaumet S, Morice J, Poncet C, Coriton O, Martin OC, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Chèvre AM. Amplifying recombination genome-wide and reshaping crossover landscapes in Brassicas. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006794. [PMID: 28493942 PMCID: PMC5444851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination by crossovers (COs) is tightly regulated, limiting its key role in producing genetic diversity. However, while COs are usually restricted in number and not homogenously distributed along chromosomes, we show here how to disrupt these rules in Brassica species by using allotriploid hybrids (AAC, 2n = 3x = 29), resulting from the cross between the allotetraploid rapeseed (B. napus, AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) and one of its diploid progenitors (B. rapa, AA, 2n = 2x = 20). We produced mapping populations from different genotypes of both diploid AA and triploid AAC hybrids, used as female and/or as male. Each population revealed nearly 3,000 COs that we studied with SNP markers well distributed along the A genome (on average 1 SNP per 1.25 Mbp). Compared to the case of diploids, allotriploid hybrids showed 1.7 to 3.4 times more overall COs depending on the sex of meiosis and the genetic background. Most surprisingly, we found that such a rise was always associated with (i) dramatic changes in the shape of recombination landscapes and (ii) a strong decrease of CO interference. Hybrids carrying an additional C genome exhibited COs all along the A chromosomes, even in the vicinity of centromeres that are deprived of COs in diploids as well as in most studied species. Moreover, in male allotriploid hybrids we found that Class I COs are mostly responsible for the changes of CO rates, landscapes and interference. These results offer the opportunity for geneticists and plant breeders to dramatically enhance the generation of diversity in Brassica species by disrupting the linkage drag coming from limits on number and distribution of COs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pelé
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Matthieu Falque
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Gwenn Trotoux
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Frédérique Eber
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sylvie Nègre
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Marie Gilet
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Virginie Huteau
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Maryse Lodé
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Sylvain Dechaumet
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Olivier Coriton
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Olivier C. Martin
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
- * E-mail:
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26
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Pelé A, Trotoux G, Eber F, Lodé M, Gilet M, Deniot G, Falentin C, Nègre S, Morice J, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Chèvre AM. The poor lonesome A subgenome of Brassica napus var. Darmor (AACC) may not survive without its mate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1886-1897. [PMID: 27575298 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive genomes of allopolyploid species evolve throughout their life span. However, the consequences of long-term alterations on the interdependency between each original genome have not been established. Here, we attempted an approach corresponding to subgenome extraction from a previously sequenced natural allotetraploid, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate plant viability and structural evolution of one of its diploid components. We employed two different strategies to extract the diploid AA component of the Brassica napus variety 'Darmor' (AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) and we assessed the genomic structure of the latest AA plants obtained (after four to five rounds of selection), using a 60K single nucleotide polymorphism Illumina array. Only one strategy was successful and the diploid AA plants that were structurally characterized presented a lower proportion of the B. napus A subgenome extracted than expected. In addition, our analyses revealed that some genes lost in a polyploid context appeared to be compensated for plant survival, either by conservation of genomic regions from B. rapa, used in the initial cross, or by some introgressions from the B. napus C subgenome. We conclude that as little as c. 7500 yr of coevolution could lead to subgenome interdependency in the allotetraploid B. napus as a result of structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pelé
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Gwenn Trotoux
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Frédérique Eber
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Maryse Lodé
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Marie Gilet
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Gwenaelle Deniot
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Cyril Falentin
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sylvie Nègre
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35650, Le Rheu, France
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27
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Sochorová J, Coriton O, Kuderová A, Lunerová J, Chèvre AM, Kovařík A. Gene conversion events and variable degree of homogenization of rDNA loci in cultivars of Brassica napus. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:13-26. [PMID: 27707747 PMCID: PMC5218374 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38, oilseed rape) is a relatively recent allotetraploid species derived from the putative progenitor diploid species Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) and Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n = 18). To determine the influence of intensive breeding conditions on the evolution of its genome, we analysed structure and copy number of rDNA in 21 cultivars of B. napus, representative of genetic diversity. METHODS We used next-generation sequencing genomic approaches, Southern blot hybridization, expression analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Subgenome-specific sequences derived from rDNA intergenic spacers (IGS) were used as probes for identification of loci composition on chromosomes. KEY RESULTS Most B. napus cultivars (18/21, 86 %) had more A-genome than C-genome rDNA copies. Three cultivars analysed by FISH ('Darmor', 'Yudal' and 'Asparagus kale') harboured the same number (12 per diploid set) of loci. In B. napus 'Darmor', the A-genome-specific rDNA probe hybridized to all 12 rDNA loci (eight on the A-genome and four on the C-genome) while the C-genome-specific probe showed weak signals on the C-genome loci only. Deep sequencing revealed high homogeneity of arrays suggesting that the C-genome genes were largely overwritten by the A-genome variants in B. napus 'Darmor'. In contrast, B. napus 'Yudal' showed a lack of gene conversion evidenced by additive inheritance of progenitor rDNA variants and highly localized hybridization signals of subgenome-specific probes on chromosomes. Brassica napus 'Asparagus kale' showed an intermediate pattern to 'Darmor' and 'Yudal'. At the expression level, most cultivars (95 %) exhibited stable A-genome nucleolar dominance while one cultivar ('Norin 9') showed co-dominance. CONCLUSIONS The B. napus cultivars differ in the degree and direction of rDNA homogenization. The prevalent direction of gene conversion (towards the A-genome) correlates with the direction of expression dominance indicating that gene activity may be needed for interlocus gene conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sochorová
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Coriton
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - Alena Kuderová
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Czech Republic
| | - Jana Lunerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Czech Republic
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Czech Republic
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28
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Sharma BB, Kalia P, Singh D, Sharma TR. Introgression of Black Rot Resistance from Brassica carinata to Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea botrytis Group) through Embryo Rescue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1255. [PMID: 28769959 PMCID: PMC5513967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a very important disease of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis group) resulting into 10-50% yield losses every year. Since there is a dearth of availability of resistance to black rot disease in B. oleracea (C genome), therefore exploration of A and B genomes was inevitable as they have been reported to be potential reservoirs of gene(s) for resistance to black rot. To utilize these sources, interspecific hybrid and backcross progeny (B1) were generated between cauliflower "Pusa Sharad" and Ethiopian mustard "NPC-9" employing in vitro embryo rescue technique. Direct ovule culture method was better than siliqua culture under different temperature regime periods. Hybridity testing of F1 inter-specific plants was carried out using co-dominant SSR marker and Brassica B and C genome-specific (DB and DC) primers. Meiosis in the di-genomic (BCC) interspecific hybrid of B. oleracea botrytis group (2n = 18, CC) × B. carinata (2n = 4x = 34, BBCC) was higly disorganized and cytological analysis of pollen mother cells revealed chromosomes 2n = 26 at metaphase-I. Fertile giant pollen grain formation was observed frequently in interspecific F1 hybrid and BC1 plants. The F1 inter-specific plants were found to be resistant to Xcc race 1. Segregation distortion was observed in BC1 generation for black rot resistance and different morphological traits. The At1g70610 marker analysis confirmed successful introgression of black rot resistance in interspecific BC1 population. This effort will go a long way in pyramiding gene(s) for resistance against black rot in Cole crops, especially cauliflower and cabbage for developing durable resistance, thus minimize dependency on bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij B. Sharma
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Pritam Kalia
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
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29
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Braynen J, Yang Y, Wei F, Cao G, Shi G, Tian B, Zhang X, Jia H, Wei X, Wei Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Floral Buds Deciphered an Irregular Course of Meiosis in Polyploid Brassica rapa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:768. [PMID: 28553302 PMCID: PMC5427127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is a fundamental process in plant evolution. Understanding the polyploidy-associated effects on plant reproduction is essential for polyploid breeding program. In the present study, our cytological analysis firstly demonstrated that an overall course of meiosis was apparently distorted in the synthetic polyploid Brassica rapa in comparison with its diploid progenitor. To elucidate genetic basis of this irregular meiosis at a molecular level, the comparative RNA-seq analysis was further used to investigate differential genetic regulation of developing floral buds identified at meiosis between autotetraploid and diploid B. rapa. In total, compared to its diploid counterparts, among all 40,927 expressed genes revealed, 4,601 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the floral buds of autotetraploid B. rapa, among which 288 DEGs annotated were involved in meiosis. Notably, DMC1 identified as one previously known meiosis-specific gene involved in inter-homologous chromosome dependent repair of DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs), was significantly down-regulated in autotetraploid B. rapa, which presumably contributed to abnormal progression during meiosis I. Although certain DEGs associated with RNA helicase, cell cycling, and somatic DNA repair were up-regulated after genome duplication, genes associated with meiotic DSB repair were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of randomly selected DEGs by RNA-seq analysis was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis in both B. rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results firstly account for adverse effects of polyploidy on an entire course of meiosis at both cytological and transcriptomic levels, and allow for a comprehensive understanding of the uniformity and differences in the transcriptome of floral buds at meiosis between diploid and polyploid B. rapa as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen Braynen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wei
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Baoming Tian
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- Xiaochun Wei
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
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30
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Origin and Evolution of Allopolyploid Wheatgrass Elymus fibrosus (Schrenk) Tzvelev (Poaceae: Triticeae) Reveals the Effect of Its Origination on Genetic Diversity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167795. [PMID: 27936163 PMCID: PMC5147983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Origin and evolution of tetraploid Elymus fibrosus (Schrenk) Tzvelev were characterized using low-copy nuclear gene Rpb2 (the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II), and chloroplast region trnL-trnF (spacer between the tRNA Leu (UAA) gene and the tRNA-Phe (GAA) gene). Ten accessions of E. fibrosus along with 19 Elymus species with StH genomic constitution and diploid species in the tribe Triticeae were analyzed. Chloroplast trnL-trnF sequence data suggested that Pseudoroegneria (St genome) was the maternal donor of E. fibrosus. Rpb2 data confirmed the presence of StH genomes in E. fibrosus, and suggested that St and H genomes in E. fibrosus each is more likely originated from single gene pool. Single origin of E. fibrosus might be one of the reasons causing genetic diversity in E. fibrosus lower than those in E. caninus and E. trachycaulus, which have similar ecological preferences and breeding systems with E. fibrosus, and each was originated from multiple sources. Convergent evolution of St and H copy Rpb2 sequences in some accessions of E. fibrosus might have occurred during the evolutionary history of this allotetraploid.
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31
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Dinh Thi VH, Coriton O, Le Clainche I, Arnaud D, Gordon SP, Linc G, Catalan P, Hasterok R, Vogel JP, Jahier J, Chalhoub B. Recreating Stable Brachypodium hybridum Allotetraploids by Uniting the Divergent Genomes of B. distachyon and B. stacei. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167171. [PMID: 27936041 PMCID: PMC5147888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 30) is a natural allopolyploid with highly divergent sub-genomes derived from two extant diploid species, B. distachyon (2n = 10) and B. stacei (2n = 20) that differ in chromosome evolution and number. We created synthetic B. hybridum allotetraploids by hybridizing various lines of B. distachyon and B. stacei. The initial amphihaploid F1 interspecific hybrids were obtained at low frequencies when B. distachyon was used as the maternal parent (0.15% or 0.245% depending on the line used) and were sterile. No hybrids were obtained from reciprocal crosses or when autotetraploids of the parental species were crossed. Colchicine treatment was used to double the genome of the F1 amphihaploid lines leading to allotetraploids. The genome-doubled F1 plants produced a few S1 (first selfed generation) seeds after self-pollination. S1 plants from one parental combination (Bd3-1×Bsta5) were fertile and gave rise to further generations whereas those of another parental combination (Bd21×ABR114) were sterile, illustrating the importance of the parental lineages crossed. The synthetic allotetraploids were stable and resembled the natural B. hybridum at the phenotypic, cytogenetic and genomic levels. The successful creation of synthetic B. hybridum offers the possibility to study changes in genome structure and regulation at the earliest stages of allopolyploid formation in comparison with the parental species and natural B. hybridum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Ha Dinh Thi
- Organization and evolution of complex genomes, Institut National de la Recherche agronomique, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Olivier Coriton
- Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes—Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Isabelle Le Clainche
- Organization and evolution of complex genomes, Institut National de la Recherche agronomique, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Dominique Arnaud
- Organization and evolution of complex genomes, Institut National de la Recherche agronomique, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Sean P. Gordon
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Linc
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,Martonvásár, Brunszvik u 2, Hungary
| | - Pilar Catalan
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, High Polytechnic School of Huesca, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia,Katowice, Poland
| | - John P. Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Joseph Jahier
- Unité Mixte de Recherches INRA, Agrocampus Rennes—Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Boulos Chalhoub
- Organization and evolution of complex genomes, Institut National de la Recherche agronomique, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, Evry, France
- Institute of System and Synthetic Biology, Genopole, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- * E-mail:
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32
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Mason AS, Snowdon RJ. Oilseed rape: learning about ancient and recent polyploid evolution from a recent crop species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:883-892. [PMID: 27063780 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of our youngest crop species, arising several times under cultivation in the last few thousand years and completely unknown in the wild. Oilseed rape originated from hybridisation events between progenitor diploid species B. rapa and B. oleracea, both important vegetable species. The diploid progenitors are also ancient polyploids, with remnants of two previous polyploidisation events evident in the triplicated genome structure. This history of polyploid evolution and human agricultural selection makes B. napus an excellent model with which to investigate processes of genomic evolution and selection in polyploid crops. The ease of de novo interspecific hybridisation, responsiveness to tissue culture, and the close relationship of oilseed rape to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, coupled with the recent availability of reference genome sequences and suites of molecular cytogenetic and high-throughput genotyping tools, allow detailed dissection of genetic, genomic and phenotypic interactions in this crop. In this review we discuss the past and present uses of B. napus as a model for polyploid speciation and evolution in crop species, along with current and developing analysis tools and resources. We further outline unanswered questions that may now be tractable to investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - R J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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33
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Wang GX, Lv J, Zhang J, Han S, Zong M, Guo N, Zeng XY, Zhang YY, Wang YP, Liu F. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Brassica nigra Introgression Lines from Somatic Hybridization: A Resource for Cauliflower Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1258. [PMID: 27625659 PMCID: PMC5003894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Broad phenotypic variations were obtained previously in derivatives from the asymmetric somatic hybridization of cauliflower "Korso" (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, 2n = 18, CC genome) and black mustard "G1/1" (Brassica nigra, 2n = 16, BB genome). However, the mechanisms underlying these variations were unknown. In this study, 28 putative introgression lines (ILs) were pre-selected according to a series of morphological (leaf shape and color, plant height and branching, curd features, and flower traits) and physiological (black rot/club root resistance) characters. Multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that these plants contained 18 chromosomes derived from "Korso." Molecular marker (65 simple sequence repeats and 77 amplified fragment length polymorphisms) analysis identified the presence of "G1/1" DNA segments (average 7.5%). Additionally, DNA profiling revealed many genetic and epigenetic differences among the ILs, including sequence alterations, deletions, and variation in patterns of cytosine methylation. The frequency of fragments lost (5.1%) was higher than presence of novel bands (1.4%), and the presence of fragments specific to Brassica carinata (BBCC 2n = 34) were common (average 15.5%). Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism analysis indicated that methylation changes were common and that hypermethylation (12.4%) was more frequent than hypomethylation (4.8%). Our results suggested that asymmetric somatic hybridization and alien DNA introgression induced genetic and epigenetic alterations. Thus, these ILs represent an important, novel germplasm resource for cauliflower improvement that can be mined for diverse traits of interest to breeders and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-xiang Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
- Zhalute No.1 High SchoolTongliao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Mei Zong
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Xing-ying Zeng
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Yue-yun Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | | | - Fan Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
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Mason AS, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Morice J, Bayer PE, Besharat N, Cousin A, Pradhan A, Parkin IAP, Chèvre AM, Batley J, Nelson MN. Centromere Locations in Brassica A and C Genomes Revealed Through Half-Tetrad Analysis. Genetics 2016; 202:513-23. [PMID: 26614742 PMCID: PMC4788232 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.183210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Locating centromeres on genome sequences can be challenging. The high density of repetitive elements in these regions makes sequence assembly problematic, especially when using short-read sequencing technologies. It can also be difficult to distinguish between active and recently extinct centromeres through sequence analysis. An effective solution is to identify genetically active centromeres (functional in meiosis) by half-tetrad analysis. This genetic approach involves detecting heterozygosity along chromosomes in segregating populations derived from gametes (half-tetrads). Unreduced gametes produced by first division restitution mechanisms comprise complete sets of nonsister chromatids. Along these chromatids, heterozygosity is maximal at the centromeres, and homologous recombination events result in homozygosity toward the telomeres. We genotyped populations of half-tetrad-derived individuals (from Brassica interspecific hybrids) using a high-density array of physically anchored SNP markers (Illumina Brassica 60K Infinium array). Mapping the distribution of heterozygosity in these half-tetrad individuals allowed the genetic mapping of all 19 centromeres of the Brassica A and C genomes to the reference Brassica napus genome. Gene and transposable element density across the B. napus genome were also assessed and corresponded well to previously reported genetic map positions. Known centromere-specific sequences were located in the reference genome, but mostly matched unanchored sequences, suggesting that the core centromeric regions may not yet be assembled into the pseudochromosomes of the reference genome. The increasing availability of genetic markers physically anchored to reference genomes greatly simplifies the genetic and physical mapping of centromeres using half-tetrad analysis. We discuss possible applications of this approach, including in species where half-tetrads are currently difficult to isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese S Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany School of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Centre for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Philipp E Bayer
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Centre for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia School of Plant Biology and The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The UWA, Crawley 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - Naghmeh Besharat
- School of Plant Biology and The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The UWA, Crawley 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - Anouska Cousin
- School of Plant Biology and The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The UWA, Crawley 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - Aneeta Pradhan
- School of Plant Biology and The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The UWA, Crawley 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - Isobel A P Parkin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Plant Biology and The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The UWA, Crawley 6009, Perth, Australia School of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Centre for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew N Nelson
- School of Plant Biology and The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The UWA, Crawley 6009, Perth, Australia Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, United Kingdom
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Sattler MC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Regeneration of Allotriploid Coffea Plants from Tissue Culture: Resolving the Propagation Problems Promoted by Irregular Meiosis. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Zhang C, Ye L, Chen Y, Xiao J, Wu Y, Tao M, Xiao Y, Liu S. The chromosomal constitution of fish hybrid lineage revealed by 5S rDNA FISH. BMC Genet 2015; 16:140. [PMID: 26635010 PMCID: PMC4669654 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The establishment of the bisexual fertile fish hybrid lineage including the allodiploid and allotetraploid hybrids, from interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var. 2n = 100, 2n = AA) (♀) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 2n = 100, 2n = BB) (♂), provided a good platform to investigate genetic relationship between the parents and their hybrid progenies. Results The chromosomal inheritance of diploid and allotetraploid hybrid progenies in successive generations, was studied by applying 5S rDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Signals of 5S rDNA distinguished the chromosomal constitution of common carp (B-genome) from red crucian carp (A-genome), in which two strong signals were observed on the first submetacentric chromosome, while no major signal was found in common carp. After fish hybridization, one strong signal of 5S rDNA was detected in the same locus on the chromosome of diploid hybrids. As expected, two strong signals were observed in 4nF3 tetraploid hybrids offspring and it is worth mentioning that two strong signals were detected in a separating bivalent of a primary spermatocyte in 4nF3. Furthermore, the mitosis of heterozygous chromosomes was shown normal and stable with blastular tissue histological studies. Conclusions We revealed that 5S rDNA signal can be applied to discern A-genome from B-genome, and that 5S rDNA bearing chromosomes can be stably passed down in successive generations. Our work provided a significant method in fish breeding and this is important for studies in fish evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Lihai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Min Tao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yamei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Alkooranee JT, Yin Y, Aledan TR, Jiang Y, Lu G, Wu J, Li M. Systemic Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) by Trichoderma harzianum TH12. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142177. [PMID: 26540161 PMCID: PMC4634854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum TH12 is a microbial pesticide for certain rapeseed diseases. The mechanism of systemic resistance induced by TH12 or its cell-free culture filtrate (CF) in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) to powdery mildew disease caused by ascomycete Erysiphe cruciferarum was investigated. In this study, we conducted the first large-scale global study on the cellular and molecular aspects of B. napus and R. alboglabra infected with E. cruciferarum. The histological study showed the resistance of R. alboglabra to powdery mildew disease. The growth of fungal colonies was not observed on R. alboglabra leaves at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas this was clearly observed on B. napus leaves after 6 dpi. In addition, the gene expression of six plant defense-related genes, namely, PR-1, PR-2 (a marker for SA signaling), PR-3, PDF 1.2 (a marker for JA/ET signaling), CHI620, and CHI570, for both genotypes were analyzed in the leaves of B. napus and R. alboglabra after treatment with TH12 or CF and compared with the non-treated ones. The qRT-PCR results showed that the PR-1 and PR-2 expression levels increased in E. cruciferarum-infected leaves, but decreased in the TH12-treated leaves compared with leaves treated with CF. The expression levels of PR-3 and PDF1.2 decreased in plants infected by E. cruciferarum. However, expression levels increased when the leaves were treated with TH12. For the first time, we disclosed the nature of gene expression in B. napus and R. alboglabra to explore the resistance pathways in the leaves of both genotypes infected and non-infected by powdery mildew and inoculated or non-inoculated with elicitor factors. Results suggested that R. alboglabra exhibited resistance to powdery mildew disease, and the application of T. harzianum and its CF are a useful tool to facilitate new protection methods for resist or susceptible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawadayn Talib Alkooranee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tamarah Raad Aledan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfen Jiang
- Crops Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (ML)
| | - Jiangsheng Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (ML)
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Dang J, Zhao Q, Yang X, Chen Z, Xiang S, Liang G. A modified method for preparing meiotic chromosomes based on digesting pollen mother cells in suspension. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:80. [PMID: 26500700 PMCID: PMC4619508 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meiotic chromosome preparation is a key step in plant meiotic research. Pollen mother cell (PMC) wall elimination is beneficial to cytogenetic experimental procedures. Without wall interference, these procedures are easier and more successful. In existing methods it is difficult to eliminate PMC walls completely and uniformly. In this paper, we present an improved method for digesting PMC walls, and one for providing massive chromosomal spreads on a slide for other cytogenetic experimental procedures. Results Three plants were selected to exhibit the modified meiotic chromosome preparation method. PMCs were dispersed as single cells and incubated in a mixed enzyme solution (3 % cellulose + 0.3 % pectinase + 1 % snailase) for 1.5–2.5 h. In total, 28.28 % cells were lost during this process. There were 800–1900 spreads on every slide and no PMC wall interference was found on any of the slides. The spreads were also evenly distributed on the slides. More spreads were obtained when PMC and protoplast densities in the suspension were increased. All three plants’ spreads were successfully used to locate a 5 s rDNA conserved sequence. The Nicotiana hybrid’s spreads were successfully used to identify the hybrid’s parental genome. Conclusion This is an alternative method for meiotic chromosome preparation. Through this method, PMC walls can be completely and uniformly eliminated, and hundreds of spreads on every slide can be obtained. These spreads can be successfully used for DNA in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Dang
- Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Xing Yang
- Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Suqiong Xiang
- Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Zuo H, Wu P, Wu D, Sun G. Origin and Reticulate Evolutionary Process of Wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus (Triticeae: Poaceae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125417. [PMID: 25946188 PMCID: PMC4422617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To study origin and evolutionary dynamics of tetraploid Elymus trachycaulus that has been cytologically defined as containing StH genomes, thirteen accessions of E. trachycaulus were analyzed using two low-copy nuclear gene Pepc (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and Rpb2 (the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II), and one chloroplast region trnL–trnF (spacer between the tRNA Leu (UAA) gene and the tRNA-Phe (GAA) gene). Our chloroplast data indicated that Pseudoroegneria (St genome) was the maternal donor of E. trachycaulus. Rpb2 data indicated that the St genome in E. trachycaulus was originated from either P. strigosa, P. stipifolia, P. spicata or P. geniculate. The Hordeum (H genome)-like sequences of E. trachycaulus are polyphyletic in the Pepc tree, suggesting that the H genome in E. trachycaulus was contributed by multiple sources, whether due to multiple origins or introgression resulting from subsequent hybridization. Failure to recovering St copy of Pepc sequence in most accessions of E. trachycaulus might be caused by genome convergent evolution in allopolyploids. Multiple copies of H-like Pepc sequence from each accession with relative large deletions and insertions might be caused by either instability of Pepc sequence in H- genome or incomplete concerted evolution. Our results highlighted complex evolutionary history of E. trachycaulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zuo
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dexiang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (GS); (DW)
| | - Genlou Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (GS); (DW)
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Talib Alkooranee J, Raad Aledan T, Xiang J, Lu G, Li M. Induced Systemic Resistance in Two Genotypes of <i>Brassica napus</i> (AACC) and <i>Raphanus oleracea</i> (RRCC) by <i>Trichoderma</i> Isolates against <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.610166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fredua-Agyeman R, Coriton O, Huteau V, Parkin IAP, Chèvre AM, Rahman H. Molecular cytogenetic identification of B genome chromosomes linked to blackleg disease resistance in Brassica napus × B. carinata interspecific hybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:1305-18. [PMID: 24687759 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Provide evidence that the Brassica B genome chromosome B3 carries blackleg resistance gene, and also the B genome chromosomes were inherited several generations along with B. napus chromosomes. Blackleg disease caused by fungus Leptosphaeria maculans causes significant yield losses in Brassica napus. Brassica carinata possesses excellent resistance to this disease. To introgress blackleg resistance, crosses between B. napus cv. Westar and B. carinata were done. The interspecific-hybrids were backcrossed twice to Westar and self-pollinated three times to produce BC2S3 families. Doubled haploid lines (DH1) were produced from one blackleg resistant family. SSR markers were used to study the association between B genome chromosome(s) and blackleg resistance. The entire B3 chromosome of B. carinata was associated with blackleg resistance in DH1. A second DH population (DH2) was produced from F1s of resistant DH1 lines crossed to blackleg susceptible B. napus cv. Polo where resistance was found to be associated with SSR markers from the middle to bottom of the B3 and top of the B8 chromosomes. The results demonstrated that the B3 chromosome carried gene(s) for blackleg resistance. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and GISH-like analysis of the DH2 lines revealed that susceptible lines, in addition to B. napus chromosomes, possessed one pair of B genome chromosomes (2n = 40), while resistant lines had either one (2n = 40) or two pairs (2n = 42) of B chromosomes. The molecular and GISH data suggested that the B chromosome in the susceptible lines was B7, while it was difficult to confirm the identity of the B chromosomes in the resistant lines. Also, B chromosomes were found to be inherited over several generations along with B. napus chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Abstract
Production of allohexaploid Brassica (2n = AABBCC) is a promising goal for plant breeders due to the potential for hybrid heterosis and useful allelic contributions from all three of the Brassica genomes present in the cultivated diploid (2n = AA, 2n = BB, 2n = CC) and allotetraploid (2n = AABB, 2n = AACC, and 2n = BBCC) crop species (canola, cabbages, mustards). We used high-throughput SNP molecular marker assays, flow cytometry, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize a population of putative allohexaploids derived from self-pollination of a hybrid from the novel cross (B. napus × B. carinata) × B. juncea to investigate whether fertile, stable allohexaploid Brassica can be produced. Allelic segregation in the A and C genomes generally followed Mendelian expectations for an F2 population, with minimal nonhomologous chromosome pairing. However, we detected no strong selection for complete 2n = AABBCC chromosome complements, with weak correlations between DNA content and fertility (r(2) = 0.11) and no correlation between missing chromosomes or chromosome segments and fertility. Investigation of next-generation progeny resulting from one highly fertile F2 plant using FISH revealed general maintenance of high chromosome numbers but severe distortions in karyotype, as evidenced by recombinant chromosomes and putative loss/duplication of A- and C-genome chromosome pairs. Our results show promise for the development of meiotically stable allohexaploid lines, but highlight the necessity of selection for 2n = AABBCC karyotypes.
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Suay L, Zhang D, Eber F, Jouy H, Lodé M, Huteau V, Coriton O, Szadkowski E, Leflon M, Martin OC, Falque M, Jenczewski E, Paillard S, Chèvre AM. Crossover rate between homologous chromosomes and interference are regulated by the addition of specific unpaired chromosomes in Brassica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:645-656. [PMID: 24117470 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recombination is a major mechanism generating genetic diversity, but the control of the crossover rate remains a key question. In Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38), we can increase the homologous recombination between A genomes in AAC hybrids. Hypotheses for this effect include the number of C univalent chromosomes, the ratio between univalents and bivalents and, finally, which of the chromosomes are univalents. To test these hypotheses, we produced AA hybrids with zero, one, three, six or nine additional C chromosomes and four different hybrids carrying 2n = 32 and 2n = 35 chromosomes. The genetic map lengths for each hybrid were established to compare their recombination rates. The rates were 1.4 and 2.7 times higher in the hybrids having C6 or C9 alone than in the control (0C). This enhancement reached 3.1 and 4.1 times in hybrids carrying six and nine C chromosomes, and it was also higher for each pair of hybrids carrying 2n = 32 or 2n = 35 chromosomes, with a dependence on which chromosomes remained as univalents. We have shown, for the first time, that the presence of one chromosome, C9 , affects significantly the recombination rate and reduces crossover interference. This result will have fundamental implications on the regulation of crossover frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Suay
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Deshuang Zhang
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC) of BAAFS, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables (NERCV), 50 Zhanghua Street, Haidian District, PO Box 2443, Beijing , 100097, China
| | - Frédérique Eber
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Jouy
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Maryse Lodé
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Huteau
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Coriton
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Szadkowski
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Martine Leflon
- CETIOM, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, Campus de Grignon, F-78850, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Olivier C Martin
- INRA, UMR0320 INRA-CNRS-Université Paris XI-AgroParisTech, Génétique Végétale, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Falque
- INRA, UMR0320 INRA-CNRS-Université Paris XI-AgroParisTech, Génétique Végétale, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Eric Jenczewski
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 7, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Paillard
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des plantes, BP 35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
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Liu Y, Wei W, Ma K, Li J, Liang Y, Darmency H. Consequences of gene flow between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and its relatives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 211:42-51. [PMID: 23987810 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the probability of occurrence of gene flow between transgenic crops and their wild relatives and the likelihood of transgene escape, which should be assessed before the commercial release of transgenic crops. This review paper focuses on this issue for oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., a species that produces huge numbers of pollen grains and seeds. We analyze separately the distinct steps of gene flow: (1) pollen and seeds as vectors of gene flow; (2) spontaneous hybridization; (3) hybrid behavior, fitness cost due to hybridization and mechanisms of introgression; (4) and fitness benefit due to transgenes (e.g. herbicide resistance and Bt toxin). Some physical, biological and molecular means of transgene containment are also described. Although hybrids and first generation progeny are difficult to identify in fields and non-crop habitats, the literature shows that transgenes could readily introgress into Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Brassica oleracea, while introgression is expected to be rare with Brassica nigra, Hirschfeldia incana and Raphanus raphanistrum. The hybrids grow well but produce less seed than their wild parent. The difference declines with increasing generations. However, there is large uncertainty about the evolution of chromosome numbers and recombination, and many parameters of life history traits of hybrids and progeny are not determined with satisfactory confidence to build generic models capable to really cover the wide diversity of situations. We show that more studies are needed to strengthen and organize biological knowledge, which is a necessary prerequisite for model simulations to assess the practical and evolutionary outputs of introgression, and to provide guidelines for gene flow management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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45
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Balesdent MH, Fudal I, Ollivier B, Bally P, Grandaubert J, Eber F, Chèvre AM, Leflon M, Rouxel T. The dispensable chromosome of Leptosphaeria maculans shelters an effector gene conferring avirulence towards Brassica rapa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:887-898. [PMID: 23406519 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi frequently contain dispensable chromosomes, some of which contribute to host range or pathogenicity. In Leptosphaeria maculans, the stem canker agent of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), the minichromosome was previously suggested to be dispensable, without evidence for any role in pathogenicity. Using genetic and genomic approaches, we investigated the inheritance and molecular determinant of an L. maculans-Brassica rapa incompatible interaction. Single gene control of the resistance was found, while all markers located on the L. maculans minichromosome, absent in the virulent parental isolate, co-segregated with the avirulent phenotype. Only one candidate avirulence gene was identified on the minichromosome, validated by complementation experiments and termed AvrLm11. The minichromosome was frequently lost following meiosis, but the frequency of isolates lacking it remained stable in field populations sampled at a 10-yr time interval, despite a yearly sexual stage in the L. maculans life cycle. This work led to the cloning of a new 'lost in the middle of nowhere' avirulence gene of L. maculans, interacting with a B. rapa resistance gene termed Rlm11 and introgressed into B. napus. It demonstrated the dispensability of the L. maculans minichromosome and suggested that its loss generates a fitness deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Balesdent
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Isabelle Fudal
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Bénédicte Ollivier
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Pascal Bally
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Jonathan Grandaubert
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Frédérique Eber
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, BP35327, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | | | - Martine Leflon
- CETIOM, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Thierry Rouxel
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Navabi ZK, Huebert T, Sharpe AG, O’Neill CM, Bancroft I, Parkin IAP. Conserved microstructure of the Brassica B Genome of Brassica nigra in relation to homologous regions of Arabidopsis thaliana, B. rapa and B. oleracea. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:250. [PMID: 23586706 PMCID: PMC3765694 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brassica B genome is known to carry several important traits, yet there has been limited analyses of its underlying genome structure, especially in comparison to the closely related A and C genomes. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of Brassica nigra was developed and screened with 17 genes from a 222 kb region of A. thaliana that had been well characterised in both the Brassica A and C genomes. RESULTS Fingerprinting of 483 apparently non-redundant clones defined physical contigs for the corresponding regions in B. nigra. The target region is duplicated in A. thaliana and six homologous contigs were found in B. nigra resulting from the whole genome triplication event shared by the Brassiceae tribe. BACs representative of each region were sequenced to elucidate the level of microscale rearrangements across the Brassica species divide. CONCLUSIONS Although the B genome species separated from the A/C lineage some 6 Mya, comparisons between the three paleopolyploid Brassica genomes revealed extensive conservation of gene content and sequence identity. The level of fractionation or gene loss varied across genomes and genomic regions; however, the greatest loss of genes was observed to be common to all three genomes. One large-scale chromosomal rearrangement differentiated the B genome suggesting such events could contribute to the lack of recombination observed between B genome species and those of the closely related A/C lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra-Katy Navabi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Terry Huebert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- DNA Technologies Laboratory, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Carmel M O’Neill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ian Bancroft
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Isobel AP Parkin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
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Zhang X, Ge X, Shao Y, Sun G, Li Z. Genomic change, retrotransposon mobilization and extensive cytosine methylation alteration in Brassica napus introgressions from two intertribal hybridizations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56346. [PMID: 23468861 PMCID: PMC3585313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression represent important means for the transfer and/or de novo origination of traits and play an important role in facilitating speciation and plant breeding. Two sets of introgression lines in Brassica napus L. were previously established by its intertribal hybridizations with two wild species and long-term selection. In this study, the methods of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) and methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) were used to determine their genomic change, retrotransposon mobilization and cytosine methylation alteration in these lines. The genomic change revealed by the loss or gain of AFLP bands occurred for ∼10% of the total bands amplified in the two sets of introgressions, while no bands specific for wild species were detected. The new and absent SSAP bands appeared for 9 out of 11 retrotransposons analyzed, with low frequency of new bands and their total percentage of about 5% in both sets. MSAP analysis indicated that methylation changes were common in these lines (33.4-39.8%) and the hypermethylation was more frequent than hypomethylation. Our results suggested that certain extents of genetic and epigenetic alterations were induced by hybridization and alien DNA introgression. The cryptic mechanism of these changes and potential application of these lines in breeding were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Shao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Zaiyun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Howell EC, Armstrong S. Using sequential fluorescence and genomic in situ hybridization (FISH and GISH) to distinguish the A and C genomes in Brassica napus. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 990:25-34. [PMID: 23559199 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-333-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a sequential procedure with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) that enables us to distinguish between the A and C genomes in Brassica napus and to identify certain individual chromosomes or chromosome groups within a genome. Our modified GISH technique uses a repetitive sequence in addition to the whole genome in the blocking DNA, and it is effective on meiotic and mitotic cells present in the anther material that we use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Howell
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Waminal NE, Park HM, Ryu KB, Kim JH, Yang TJ, Kim HH. Karyotype analysis of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, 1843 (Araliaceae) based on rDNA loci and DAPI band distribution. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:425-41. [PMID: 24260682 PMCID: PMC3834566 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng has long been considered a valuable plant owing to its medicinal properties; however, genomic information based on chromosome characterization and physical mapping of cytogenetic markers has been very limited. Dual-color FISH karyotype and DAPI banding analyses of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, 1843 were conducted using 5S and 45S rDNA probes. The somatic chromosome complement was 2n=48 with lengths from 3.3 μm to 6.3 μm. The karyotype was composed of 12 metacentric, 9 submetacentric, and 3 subtelocentric pairs. The 5S rDNA probe localized to the intercalary region of the short arm of pair 11, while the 45S rDNA was located at the secondary constriction of the subtelocentric satellited chromosome 14. DAPI bands were clearly observed for most chromosomes, with various signal intensities and chromosomal distributions that consequently improved chromosome identification. As a result, all 24 chromosomes could be distinguished and numbers were assigned to each chromosome for the first time. The results presented here will be useful for the on-going ginseng genome sequencing and further molecular-cytogenetic studies and breeding programs of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomar Espinosa Waminal
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–921, Korea
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 139–742, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Park
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–921, Korea
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 139–742, Korea
| | - Kwang Bok Ryu
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 139–742, Korea
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702–701, Korea
| | - Joo Hyung Kim
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 139–742, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–921, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 139–742, Korea
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Heneen WK, Geleta M, Brismar K, Xiong Z, Pires JC, Hasterok R, Stoute AI, Scott RJ, King GJ, Kurup S. Seed colour loci, homoeology and linkage groups of the C genome chromosomes revealed in Brassica rapa-B. oleracea monosomic alien addition lines. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1227-42. [PMID: 22628364 PMCID: PMC3359914 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Brassica rapa and B. oleracea are the progenitors of oilseed rape B. napus. The addition of each chromosome of B. oleracea to the chromosome complement of B. rapa results in a series of monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs). Analysis of MAALs determines which B. oleracea chromosomes carry genes controlling specific phenotypic traits, such as seed colour. Yellow-seeded oilseed rape is a desirable breeding goal both for food and livestock feed end-uses that relate to oil, protein and fibre contents. The aims of this study included developing a missing MAAL to complement an available series, for studies on seed colour control, chromosome homoeology and assignment of linkage groups to B. oleracea chromosomes. METHODS A new batch of B. rapa-B. oleracea aneuploids was produced to generate the missing MAAL. Seed colour and other plant morphological features relevant to differentiation of MAALs were recorded. For chromosome characterization, Snow's carmine, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were used. KEY RESULTS The final MAAL was developed. Morphological traits that differentiated the MAALs comprised cotyledon number, leaf morphology, flower colour and seed colour. Seed colour was controlled by major genes on two B. oleracea chromosomes and minor genes on five other chromosomes of this species. Homoeologous pairing was largely between chromosomes with similar centromeric positions. FISH, GISH and a parallel microsatellite marker analysis defined the chromosomes in terms of their linkage groups. Conclusions A complete set of MAALs is now available for genetic, genomic, evolutionary and breeding perspectives. Defining chromosomes that carry specific genes, physical localization of DNA markers and access to established genetic linkage maps contribute to the integration of these approaches, manifested in the confirmed correspondence of linkage groups with specific chromosomes. Applications include marker-assisted selection and breeding for yellow seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheeb K Heneen
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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