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Gupta R, Shivashankar R, Kondal D, Gokulakrishnan K, Patel SA, Ali MK, Narayan KMV, Mohan V, Tandon N, Prabhakaran D. Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and hepatokine with incident diabetes in India: a nested case-control study within CARRS cohort. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:577-586. [PMID: 38315202 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To study the association of pro-inflammatory markers with incident diabetes in India. METHODS We did a nested case-control study within the CARRS (Centre for Ardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia) cohort. Of the 5739 diabetes-free individuals at the baseline, 216 participants with incident diabetes and 432 age-, gender- and city-matched controls at 2-year follow-up were included. We measured high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1), adiponectin, leptin and fetuin-A in the stored baseline blood samples. We did multivariate conditional logistic regression to estimate association of inflammatory markers (as quartiles) and incident diabetes. Covariates were baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipids, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, smoking and alcohol use. RESULTS Baseline hsCRP and TNF-α were higher, and IL-6 and adiponectin were lower among cases vs. controls. In multivariate conditional logistic regression models, only quartile-3 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96 [95% CI:1.39, 6.30]) and quartile-4 (OR: 2.58 [95% CI: 1.15, 5.79]) of TNF-α and quartile-4 of MCP-1 (OR: 2.55 [95% CI: 1.06, 6.16]) were positively associated with diabetes after adjusting for baseline FPG and BMI. These associations did not remain after adjusting for family history. High level (quartile-4) of IL-6 was negatively associated with diabetes after adjusting for all factors (OR: 0.18 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.55]). CONCLUSIONS Higher TNF-α and MCP-1 levels and lower IL-6 were associated with higher risk of developing diabetes. Better understanding and potential methods of addressing these biomarkers, especially in relation to family history, are needed to address diabetes in South Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Gupta
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Dimple Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shivani A Patel
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Broni EK, Ogunmoroti O, Osibogun O, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Chevli PA, Shapiro MD, Ndumele CE, Michos ED. Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Adipokine Levels: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:456-464. [PMID: 37028649 PMCID: PMC10330128 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.03.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and adipokine levels. Adipokines are hormones implicated in obesity and its cardiometabolic consequences. The concept of ideal CVH was introduced to promote 7 key health factors and behaviors in the general population. Previous studies have found strong associations between obesity and ideal CVH. However, existing literature on the link between CVH and adipokines is scarce. METHODS We studied 1842 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants free of cardiovascular disease who had 7 CVH metrics (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose) measured at baseline and serum adipokine levels measured at a median of 2.4 years later. Each CVH metric was assigned a score of 0 (poor), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (ideal), and all scores were summed for a total CVH score (0-14). The total CVH scores of 0 to 8, 9 to 10, and 11 to 14 were considered inadequate, average, and optimal, respectively. We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the nonconcurrent associations between the CVH score and log-transformed adipokine levels. RESULTS The mean age was 62.1 ± 9.8 years; 50.2% of participants were men. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, a 1-unit higher CVH score was significantly associated with 4% higher adiponectin and 15% and 1% lower leptin and resistin levels. Individuals with optimal CVH scores had 27% higher adiponectin and 56% lower leptin levels than those with inadequate CVH scores. Similar trends were observed for those with average versus inadequate CVH scores. CONCLUSION In a multi-ethnic cohort free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, individuals with average and optimal CVH scores had a more favorable adipokine profile than those with inadequate CVH scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Broni
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Parag A Chevli
- Section on Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Effect of Gender on Serum Leptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A System Review and Meta-Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4875799. [PMID: 36124171 PMCID: PMC9482490 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4875799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of gender factors on serum leptin levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods To remove any studies that indicated a relationship between leptin-based inflammatory variables and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in particular patient categories, a comprehensive search of all articles published between July 2019 and June 2021 was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO Host, including Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. A summary description of the combined analysis across multiple centers, regions, and continents will help us better understand the effect of gender on serum leptin levels in patients with diabetes. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software on the literature that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Plasma CRP levels in women with type 2 diabetes were found to be no different from those in males with type 2 diabetes, with an OR of 0.12, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 0.12 to 0.12, P = 0.01. There was no statistically significant difference in the plasma level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between women with type 2 diabetes and males with type 2 diabetes However, the “inverted funnel” diagram is asymmetrical, indicating a publication bias in the included studies, despite the fact that there was no statistically significant difference in abnormal leptin levels between men with type 2 diabetes and women patients (OR = −0.69, 95 percent CI (0.88, 1.00), P < 0.05). Conclusion Gender factors did not affect the level of inflammatory factors and leptin level in type 2 diabetes.
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Cheng J, Luo Y, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang X, Zhou X, Ji L. Sex- and body mass index-specific reference intervals for serum leptin: a population based study in China. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:54. [PMID: 35941672 PMCID: PMC9358897 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissue and is an important determinant of obesity and its complications. The purpose of this study was to establish sex- and body mass index (BMI)-specific reference intervals for serum leptin in a Chinese population and investigate the factors influencing leptin concentrations. Methods Fasting serum leptin levels were assayed in 469 men and 773 women from randomly sampled Chinese residents. Blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), liver enzymes, blood lipid profiles, creatinine, and uric acid (UA) levels were measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between serum leptin level and other variables. The reference intervals were determined by the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Results The mean ± standard deviation serum leptin level was much higher in women (20.92 ± 12.96 ng/mL) than in men (6.45 ± 5.53 ng/mL). The reference interval of serum leptin was 0.33–19.85 ng/mL in men and 3.60–54.86 ng/mL in women. The specific reference intervals of serum leptin in men with BMI of 20 to < 25 and 25 to < 27.5 kg/m2 were 0.42–12.32 and 2.17–20.22 ng/ml, respectively. The specific reference intervals of serum leptin in women with BMI of 20 to < 25 and 25 to < 27.5 kg/m2 were 4.11–38.09 and 8.27–48.66 ng/ml, respectively. BMI was significantly correlated with Ln (leptin) both in men (r = 0.698, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.626, P < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, serum leptin was correlated with BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), UA in women, and plus triglyceride (TG) in men. The variance in serum leptin levels could be partially explained by these variables in both women (adjusted R2 = 0.447) and men (adjusted R2 = 0.552). In participants with leptin levels higher than the reference intervals, significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), UA, a higher proportion of central obesity (waist circumference [WC] > 90 cm), and metabolic syndrome were found in men, and significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR, UA and a higher proportion of central obesity (WC > 85 cm) were found in women. Conclusion This is the first study to establish sex- and BMI-specific reference intervals of leptin for both sexes in a large Chinese population. Serum concentration of leptin was predicted by BMI, HOMA-IR, UA in women, and TG in men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00689-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital, No. 59, Xinping North Road, Pinggu District, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Li J, Glenn AJ, Yang Q, Ding D, Zheng L, Bao W, Beasley J, LeBlanc E, Lo K, Manson JE, Philips L, Tinker L, Liu S. Dietary Protein Sources, Mediating Biomarkers, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative and the UK Biobank. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1742-1753. [PMID: 35713602 PMCID: PMC9346982 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether and how dietary protein intake is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of protein intake with development of T2D and the potential mediating roles of T2D biomarkers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 108,681 postmenopausal women without T2D at baseline from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (primary cohort) and 34,616 adults without T2D from the U.K. Biobank (UKB) (replication cohort). Cox proportional hazard models were used for estimation of protein-T2D associations. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating roles of biomarkers in case-control studies nested in the WHI. RESULTS In the WHI, 15,842 incident T2D cases were identified during a median follow-up of 15.8 years. Intake of animal protein was associated with increased T2D risk (hazard ratio in comparing the highest to the lowest quintile = 1.31 [95% CI 1.24-1.37]) and plant protein with decreased risk (0.82 [0.78-0.86]). Intakes of red meat, processed meat, poultry, and eggs were associated with increased T2D risk and whole grains with decreased risk. Findings from the UKB were similar. These findings were materially attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI. Substituting 5% energy from plant protein for animal protein was associated with 21% decreased T2D risk (0.79 [0.74-0.84]), which was mediated by levels of hs-CRP, interleukin-6, leptin, and SHBG. CONCLUSIONS Findings from these two large prospective cohorts support the notion that substituting plant protein for animal protein may decrease T2D risk mainly by reducing obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Andrea J Glenn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qingling Yang
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jeannette Beasley
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Simin Liu
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Wander PL, Christophi CA, Araneta MRG, Boyko EJ, Enquobahrie DA, Dabelea D, Goldberg RB, Kahn SE, Kim C, Pi-Sunyer X, Knowler WC. Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:221-228. [PMID: 34796678 PMCID: PMC8692336 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity-related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women. METHODS Among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase; n = 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2-L3 region and the L3-L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (n = 477). Overall and stratified (by history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were fit. RESULTS Alanine aminotransferase, L2-L3 VAT, and L3-L4 VAT were positively associated (hazard ratio [HR] for 1-SD increases: 1.073, p = 0.024; 1.251, p = 0.009; 1.272, p = 0.004, respectively), and adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with T2D (HR 0.762, p < 0.001). Whereas leptin concentration was not associated with T2D overall, in GDM-stratified models, a 1-SD higher leptin was positively associated with risk of T2D in women without GDM (HR: 1.126, p = 0.016) and inversely in women with a history of GDM (HR: 0.776, p = 0.013, interaction p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Among parous women, alanine aminotransferase and VAT are positively associated with incident T2D, whereas adiponectin is inversely associated. Leptin is associated with higher risk of T2D in women with a history of GDM but a lower risk in women without a history of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandora L Wander
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Costas A Christophi
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Rosario G Araneta
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Steven E Kahn
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xavier Pi-Sunyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Ashraf R, Khan MS, Bhat MH, Shabir I, Rashid S, Majid S. Leptins: association and clinical correlation in pre-diabetics. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Leptin resistance before and after obesity: evidence that tissue glucose uptake underlies adipocyte enlargement and liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in Zucker rats from early-life stages. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:50-58. [PMID: 34489524 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin resistance occurs in obese patients, but its independent contribution to adiposity and the accompanying metabolic diseases, i.e., diabetes, liver steatosis, and steatohepatitis, remains to be established. This study was conducted in an extreme model of leptin resistance to investigate mechanisms initiating diabetes, fat expansion, liver steatosis, and inflammatory disease, focusing on the involvement of glucose intolerance and organ-specific glucose uptake in brown and subcutaneous adipose tissues (BAT, SAT) and in the liver. METHODS We studied preobese and adult Zucker rats (fa/fa, fa/+ ) during fasting or glucose loading to assess glucose tolerance. Relevant pancreatic and intestinal hormonal levels were measured by Milliplex. Imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography was used to quantify glucose uptake in SAT, BAT, and liver, and evaluate its relationship with adipocyte size and biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH). RESULTS Preobese fa/fa pups showed impaired glucose tolerance, adipocyte enlargement, hepatic microsteatosis, and lobular inflammation, with elevated hepatic post-glucose load glucose uptake and production. Adult fa/fa rats had more severe glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, hormonal abnormalities, elevated glucose uptake in SAT and BAT, and more markedly in the liver, together with macrosteatosis, and highly prevalent hepatic inflammation. Organ glucose uptake was proportional to the degree of fat accumulation and tissue inflammation and was able to dissect healthy from NAFLD and NAFLD/NASH livers. Most severe NASH livers showed a decline in glucose uptake and liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS In fa/fa Zucker rats, leptin resistance leads to glucose intolerance, mainly due to hepatic glucose overproduction, preceding obesity, and explaining pancreatic and intestinal hormonal changes and fat accumulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Our data support the involvement of liver glucose uptake in the pathogenesis of liver inflammatory disease. Its potential as more generalized biomarker or diagnostic approach remains to be established outside of our leptin-receptor-deficient rat model.
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Granados A, Beach EA, Christiansen AJ, Patterson BW, Wallendorf M, Arbeláez AM. The association between body composition, leptin levels and glucose dysregulation in youth with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:796-802. [PMID: 34183284 PMCID: PMC8552309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimization of nutritional status is recommended in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) given the association between lower body mass index (BMI) and poor clinical outcomes. However, higher BMI and body fat correlate with glucose impairment and higher leptin levels in the general population. Differences in body composition and leptin levels between the categories of glucose tolerance were assessed in youth with CF and healthy controls. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 59 adolescents and young adults with CF and 15 healthy controls matched by age and gender, underwent body composition analysis using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Measures of insulin sensitivity, β-cell insulin secretion and fasting leptin levels were obtained. RESULTS Of the participants with CF, 62% were classified as abnormal glucose tolerant and 22% with cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD). Patients with CFRD had a lower fat mass index (FMI) z-score, wt z-score and leptin levels compared to the control group (-1.86 vs. - 0.59, p=0.01; -1.86 vs 0.44, p=<0.001 and 7.9 vs vs. 27.7 µg/L, p=0.01). Leptin correlated positively with FMI z-score, BMI, weight z-score and indices of insulin secretion. FMI z-score correlated positively with higher insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) (r=0.31; p =0.01 and r=-0.29; p=0.02, respectively) in the CF group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that despite new therapeutic strategies, youth with CF have lower body fat, weight z-score and leptin levels, particularly in subjects with early onset CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Granados
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO. USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Beach
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO. USA
| | - Andrew J Christiansen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO. USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Omaha, NE. USA
| | - Michael Wallendorf
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. USA; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, St. Louis, MO. USA
| | - Ana María Arbeláez
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO. USA
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Kaze AD, Musani SK, Bidulescu A, Joseph JJ, Correa A, Ndumele CE, Bertoni AG, Ahima RS, Golden SH, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Plasma adipokines and glycaemic progression among African Americans: Findings from the Jackson Heart Study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14465. [PMID: 33236370 PMCID: PMC9023067 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between plasma biomarkers including leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin-to-leptin ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with risk of glycaemic progression and incident dysglycaemia (pre-diabetes or diabetes) in a community-based sample of African American (AAs). METHODS We analysed data from 3223 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline (2000-2004) who attended ≥1 follow-up visit. Poisson regression was used to generate risk ratios (RRs) for glycaemic progression and incident dysglycaemia. RESULTS Over a median of 7 years, 46.4% developed glycaemic progression (n=1495). After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle variables, the RRs (95% CI) for glycaemic progression comparing highest (Q4) to lowest (Q1) quartiles were 1.30 (1.10-1.54), 0.74 (0.65-0.84), 0.70 (0.62-0.80) and 1.22 (1.07-1.38) for leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin-leptin ratio and hsCRP, respectively. Upon additional adjustment for BMI, the corresponding RRs (95% CIs) were 1.15 (0.94-1.42), 0.76 (0.67-0.86), 0.72 (0.62-0.84) and 1.14 (0.99-1.31) respectively. Among participants with normal glycaemia, the RRs (95% CIs) for incident pre-diabetes in Q4 vs Q1 were 1.37 (1.13-1.67), 0.73 (0.63-0.85), 0.70 (0.59-0.82) and 1.28 (1.10-1.48) for leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin-leptin ratio and hsCRP, respectively; equivalent RRs for incident diabetes were 5.15 (2.63-10.10), 0.36 (0.20-0.68), 0.21 (0.12-0.38) and 3.04 (1.70-5.44), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this large community-based cohort of AAs, our results suggest that high plasma leptin and hsCRP, as well as low adiponectin and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, are associated with higher risks of glycaemic progression. The findings point to the potential utility of these biomarkers in predicting and preventing glycaemic progression in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D. Kaze
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Joshua J. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Chiadi E. Ndumele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Sherita H. Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Spracklen CN, Sim X. Progress in Defining the Genetic Contribution to Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals of East Asian Ancestry. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:17. [PMID: 33846905 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and progression of complications differ between worldwide populations. While obesity is a major contributing risk factor, variations in physiological manifestations, e.g., developing T2D at lower body mass index in some populations, suggest other contributing factors. Early T2D genetic associations were mostly discovered in European ancestry populations. This review describes the progression of genetic discoveries associated with T2D in individuals of East Asian ancestry in the last 10 years and highlights the shared genetic susceptibility between the population groups and additional insights into genetic contributions to T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Through increased sample size and power, new genetic associations with T2D were discovered in East Asian ancestry populations, often with higher allele frequencies than European ancestry populations. As we continue to generate maps of T2D-associated variants across diverse populations, there will be a critical need to expand and diversify other omics resources to enable integration for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, 429 Arnold House, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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12
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Adiga U, Banawalikar N, Mayur S, Bansal R, Ameera N, Rao S. Association of insulin resistance and leptin receptor gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:383-388. [PMID: 33660621 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the pattern of leptin receptor gene polymorphism Gln223Arg in T2DM and to identify its association with the serum leptin and insulin levels as well as with insulin resistance in diabetes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, genotyping of leptin receptor was done for Gln223Arg alleles by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 39 patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum leptin and insulin levels were assayed using enzyme linked sorbent assay in 39 cases and 45 nondiabetic controls. Insulin resistance was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Statistical analysis was performed with Graph pad Instat version 3. RESULTS Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene variants showed that alleles were in equilibrium. Leptin levels were insignificantly low in patients with diabetes compared to those in controls. Women in the control group showed significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.05) compared with men. There was a significant difference in the serum insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) among patients with different genotypes (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0378, respectively). CONCLUSION Leptin receptor gene polymorphism affected glucose metabolism by altering insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cells. Thus, single-nucleotide polymorphism of LEPR may affect the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Adiga
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandit Banawalikar
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sriprajna Mayur
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika Bansal
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nafeesath Ameera
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhindra Rao
- Department of Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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13
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Co-Treatment with Cefotaxime and High-Fructose Diet Inducing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Mice. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High fructose diet causes metabolic syndrome and induces host gut microbial dysbiosis and related obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several antibiotic treatments could prevent fatty liver. However, there are studies that have demonstrated that a high-fructose diet could influence the gut microbial dysbiosis and induce fatty liver. The purpose of this study was performed to partially modify the gut bacterial composition with a single cefotaxime treatment, which might affect the fructose-induced NAFLD severity. The C57BL/6JNarl male mice were divided into four groups including vehicle/chow diet (VE-CD), vehicle/high-fructose diet (VE-FD), antibiotic (cefotaxime (CF))/CD, and CF/FD. The results showed that body weight gain, moderate hepatic steatosis severity, epididymal white adipose tissue hypertrophy, and insulin resistance occurrence with NAFLD-related symptoms were observed only in the CF-FD group. The raised protein expression of hepatic lipogenesis was observed in the CF-FD group, but lipolysis protein expression was no difference. The diversity and composition of microbiota were significantly reduced in the CF-FD group. The Erysipelatoclostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Escherichia Shigella were in increased abundance in the feces of CF-FD group compared with VE-FD group. The novel model reveals that particular antibiotics such as cefotaxime co-treatment with high-fructose diet may affect the gut microbiota accelerating the NAFLD and obesity.
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14
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Alomari AS, Al-Harithy RN. Intergenic lnc-LEP-2:6 and lnc-LEP-2:7 as novel biomarkers associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-6. [PMID: 33612021 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1887268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has undeniably become a significant threat to public health in the modern world. OBJECTIVE To identify molecules involved in the development of T2DM, the expression patterns of cis-lincRNAs-LEP were investigated in T2DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of 11 lncRNAs-LEP and LEP mRNA in 71 diabetic patients and 32 controls were determined using qRT-PCR. The association between lncRNAs-LEP and T2DM was performed using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS The expression analysis of lnc-LEP-2:6 and lnc-LEP-2:7 was significantly different (p≤ .0001) in diabetic patients compared to the controls. The ROC curve data showed that lnc-LEP-2:6 and lnc-LEP-2:7 have a high AUC, with 0.940 (95% CI: 0.875-0.977) and 0.958 (95% CI: 0.899-0.988), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed two novel biomarkers associated with the T2DM and suggest that the circulating intergenic, lnc-LEP-2:6 and lnc-LEP-2:7, might have a regulatory role in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani S Alomari
- Department of Biochemistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Mitro SD, Sagiv SK, Fleisch AF, Jaacks LM, Williams PL, Rifas-Shiman SL, Calafat AM, Hivert MF, Oken E, James-Todd TM. Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa431. [PMID: 32620010 PMCID: PMC7418448 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental chemicals linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE We examined the extent to which PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy were associated with postpartum anthropometry and biomarkers. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MEASURES We studied women recruited between 1999 and 2002 in the Project Viva prospective cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid (EtFOSAA). Three-year postpartum anthropometry measurements were available from 786 to 801 women, blood pressure from 761 women, and blood biomarkers from 450 to 454 women. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the association of log2-transformed PFAS with postpartum anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein), adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, and breastfeeding history. RESULTS Pregnancy concentrations of certain PFAS were associated with greater adiposity (eg, 0.4 cm [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -0.1, 0.9] greater waist circumference per doubling in EtFOSAA; 0.2 cm [95%CI: -0.1, 0.5] greater mid-upper arm circumference per doubling in PFOA; 1.2 mm [95%CI: 0.1, 2.2] thicker sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds per doubling in PFOS) and higher systolic blood pressure (eg, 1.2 mm Hg [95%CI: 0.3, 2.2] per doubling in PFOS) at 3 years postpartum. Higher EtFOSAA concentrations were also associated with 10.8% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 3.3, 18.9) and 6.1% lower SHBG (95%CI: 0.7, 11.2) per doubling. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy concentrations of EtFOSAA, PFOS, and PFOA were associated with adverse postpartum cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna D Mitro
- Population Health Sciences Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center; and Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, US
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Tamarra M James-Todd
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
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16
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Exploring the Mediators that Promote Carotid Body Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Related Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155545. [PMID: 32756352 PMCID: PMC7432672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid bodies (CBs) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in blood O2, CO2, and pH levels. Apart from ventilatory control, these organs are deeply involved in the homeostatic regulation of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism and inflammation. It has been described that CB dysfunction is involved in the genesis of metabolic diseases and that CB overactivation is present in animal models of metabolic disease and in prediabetes patients. Additionally, resection of the CB-sensitive nerve, the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), or CB ablation in animals prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as well as sympathoadrenal overactivity, meaning that the beneficial effects of decreasing CB activity on glucose homeostasis are modulated by target-related efferent sympathetic nerves, through a reflex initiated in the CBs. In agreement with our pre-clinical data, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which reduces CB activity, improves glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes patients. Insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the CB. In this manuscript, we review in a concise manner the putative pathways linking CB chemoreceptor deregulation with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and discuss and present new data that highlight the roles of hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and chronic inflammation as major factors contributing to CB dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
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17
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Sims ED, Jennings WJ, Empringham B, Fleming A, Portwine C, Johnston DL, Zelcer SM, Rassekh SR, Burrow S, Thabane L, Samaan MC. Circulating leptin levels are associated with adiposity in survivors of childhood brain tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4711. [PMID: 32170116 PMCID: PMC7070034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors (SCBT) are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes compared to the general population. Adiposity is an important risk factor for the development of these outcomes, and identifying biomarkers of adiposity may help the stratification of survivors based on their cardiovascular risk or allow for early screening and interventions to improve cardiometabolic outcomes. Leptin is an adipokine that positively correlates with the adipose mass in the general population and is a predictor of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, yet its association with adiposity in SCBT has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine if leptin levels are associated with the adipose mass in SCBT, and to define its predictors. This cross-sectional study included 74 SCBT (n = 32 females) with 126 non-cancer controls (n = 59 females). Total adiposity was measured using Bioelectrical Impendence Analysis (BIA) and central adiposity was measured using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). We used multivariable linear regression analysis to determine if leptin predicts adiposity in SCBT and adjusted for age, sex, puberty, and cancer status. Leptin correlated strongly with total (p < 0.001) and central (WHR p = 0.001; WHtR p < 0.001) adiposity in SCBT and non-cancer controls. In conclusion, leptin is a potential biomarker for adiposity in SCBT, and further investigation is needed to clarify if leptin is a predictor of future cardiometabolic risk in SCBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Danielle Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Jennings
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brianna Empringham
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayna M Zelcer
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahrad Rod Rassekh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Burrow
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare-Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Bidulescu A, Dinh PC, Sarwary S, Forsyth E, Luetke MC, King DB, Liu J, Davis SK, Correa A. Associations of leptin and adiponectin with incident type 2 diabetes and interactions among African Americans: the Jackson heart study. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 32131811 PMCID: PMC7057597 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that leptin is critical for glycemic control. Impaired leptin signaling may also contribute to low adiponectin expression in obese individuals. We assessed the association of leptin and adiponectin with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), their interactions with sex and obesity status, and mediation by insulin resistance. METHODS We included study participants from the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective cohort of adult African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi, that were free of T2D at the baseline Exam 1. Incident T2D was defined as new cases at Exam 2 or Exam 3. We created separate Cox regression models (hazard ratios per log-transformed ng/mL of leptin and adiponectin) with and without insulin resistance, HOMA-IR. Mediation by insulin resistance was analyzed. Several interactions were assessed, including by sex, HbA1c, and obesity. RESULTS Among our 3363 participants (mean age 53 years, 63% women), 584 developed incident T2D. Leptin was directly associated with incident T2D when modeled without HOMA-IR (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05-1.58). This direct association between leptin and T2D was significant among men (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05-1.69), but nonsignificant among women (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.94-1.64); statistical interaction with sex was nonsignificant (p = 0.65). The associations in all participants and in men were nullified by HOMA-IR (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.80-1.22; HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.78-1.28, respectively), indicating mediation through insulin resistance (proportion mediated: 1.04), and were not observed in abdominally obese participants. Adiponectin was inversely associated with T2D even after adjustment for HOMA-IR in women (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55-0.84), but not in men (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62-1.04). The inverse association was present only among abdominally obese participants, and persisted after adjustment for HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study the association of leptin with incident type 2 diabetes was mediated by insulin resistance. This association was present only among abdominally non-obese participants. Differences by sex appeared: men showed a significant association mediated by insulin resistance. Among abdominally obese participants, adiponectin was inversely associated with incident T2D even after adjustment for HOMA-IR. Our results should inform future clinical trials that aim to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes through the modification of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Paul C Dinh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Shabir Sarwary
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Emily Forsyth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Maya C Luetke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - David B King
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sharon K Davis
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study at University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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19
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Desai P, Donovan L, Janowitz E, Kim JY. The Clinical Utility of Salivary Biomarkers in the Identification of Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3587-3599. [PMID: 33116710 PMCID: PMC7553598 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is traditionally diagnosed by the use of an oral glucose tolerance test and/or HbA1c, both of which require serum collection. Various biomarkers, which are measurable biological substances that provide clinical insight on disease state, have also been effective in the early identification and risk prediction of inflammatory diseases. Measuring biomarker concentrations has traditionally been obtained through serum collection as well. However, numerous biomarkers are detectable in saliva. Salivary analysis has more recently been introduced into research as a potential non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic for the early identification of type 2 diabetes risk in adults and youth. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to compare 6 established inflammatory biomarkers of type 2 diabetes, in serum and saliva, and determine if similar diagnostic effectiveness is seen in saliva. A lack of standardized salivary analysis, processing, and collection accounts for errors and inconsistencies in conclusive data amongst studies. Proposing a national standardization in salivary analysis, coupled with increased data and research on the utility of saliva as a diagnostic, poses the potential for salivary analysis to be used in diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Desai
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lorin Donovan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Joon Young KimDepartment of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Women’s Building 204E, 820 Comstock Ave, Syracuse, NY13244, USATel +1 315-443-1411Fax +1 315-443-9375 Email
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20
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Belforte FS, Fernandez N, Tonín Monzón F, Rosso AD, Quesada S, Cimolai MC, Millán A, Cerrone GE, Frechtel GD, Burcelin R, Coluccio Leskow F, Penas-Steinhardt A. Getting to Know the Gut Microbial Diversity of Metropolitan Buenos Aires Inhabitants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:965. [PMID: 31164869 PMCID: PMC6536642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of immunology has been revolutionized by the growing understanding of the fundamental role of microbiota in the immune system function. The immune system has evolved to maintain a symbiotic relationship with these microbes. The aim of our study was to know in depth the uncharacterized metagenome of the Buenos Aires (BA) city population and its metropolitan area, being the second most populated agglomeration in the southern hemisphere. For this purpose, we evaluated 30 individuals (age: 35.23 ± 8.26 years and BMI: 23.91 ± 3.4 kg/m2), from the general population of BA. The hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the bacterial 16S gene was sequenced by MiSeq-Illumina system, obtaining 47526 ± 4718 sequences/sample. The dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria. Additionally, we compared the microbiota of BA with other westernized populations (Santiago de Chile, Rosario-Argentina, United States-Human-microbiome-project, Bologna-Italy) and the Hadza population of hunter-gatherers. The unweighted UniFrac clustered together all westernized populations, leaving the hunter-gatherer population from Hadza out. In particular, Santiago de Chile’s population turns out to be the closest to BA’s, principally due to the presence of Verrucomicrobiales of the genus Akkermansia. These microorganisms have been proposed as a hallmark of a healthy gut. Finally, westernized populations showed more abundant metabolism related KEEG pathways than hunter-gatherers, including carbohydrate metabolism (amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism), amino acid metabolism (alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism), lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and sulfur metabolism. These findings contribute to promote research and comparison of the microbiome in different human populations, in order to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies for the restoration of a healthy dialogue between host and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Sabrina Belforte
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Programa de Estudios de Comunicación y Señalización Inter-Reino (PECSI), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalie Fernandez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francisco Tonín Monzón
- Centro de Investigación, Docencia y Extensión en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (CIDETIC), Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Daiana Rosso
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Programa de Estudios de Comunicación y Señalización Inter-Reino (PECSI), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Sofía Quesada
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Programa de Estudios de Comunicación y Señalización Inter-Reino (PECSI), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Cimolai
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Programa de Estudios de Comunicación y Señalización Inter-Reino (PECSI), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Millán
- Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Edith Cerrone
- Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Daniel Frechtel
- Laboratorio de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', Toulouse, France
| | - Federico Coluccio Leskow
- Programa de Estudios de Comunicación y Señalización Inter-Reino (PECSI), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Penas-Steinhardt
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Programa de Estudios de Comunicación y Señalización Inter-Reino (PECSI), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación H.A. Barceló, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Kubota Y. Reply: "Diabetes-related factors and abdominal aortic aneurysm events: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study". Ann Epidemiol 2019; 31:77. [PMID: 30700391 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kubota
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
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22
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Contribution of obesity as an effect regulator to an association between serum leptin and incident metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:275-280. [PMID: 30287258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether serum leptin can be a predictor for incident cases of MetS in a population-based study. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 1590 adults aged between 40 and 70 years, who did not have MetS in 2005-2008 (at baseline) and 2008-2011 (follow-up). The baseline serum leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS During an average of 2.8 years of follow-up, 113 men (17.1%) and 148 women (15.9%) developed MetS. In multivariable adjusted models, the odds ratio of incident MetS when comparing the lowest to the highest quartiles of leptin levels was 3.17 in men and 2.79 in women; nevertheless, the significance disappeared after adjusting for the body mass index (BMI). In subsidiary analyses by BMI, logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with the highest tertile of serum leptin level were 3.04 and 2.12 times more likely to have MetS than those with the lowest tertile in lean subjects (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.44-6.41; p = .004 in men vs. OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.06-4.25; p = .036 in women, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is an effect regulator, which can predict an association between increased serum leptin level and the incidence of MetS in lean subjects.
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23
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Mirmiran P, Hosseini S, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Azizi F. Legume consumption increase adiponectin concentrations among type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized crossover clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 66:49-55. [PMID: 30266593 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This randomized crossover clinical trial investigated the effects of substituting legumes for meat consumption in the therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet on leptin and adiponectin concentrations among type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-one type 2 diabetic patients (24 women, age: 58.1±6.0 years) were randomly assigned to groups designated to consume a legume-free TLC diet or a legume-based TLC diet for 8 weeks. Both diets were similar except for the replacement of two servings of red meat with legumes 3 days per week in the legume-based TLC group. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. RESULTS The legume-based TLC diet significantly increased adiponectin concentrations in comparison with the legume-free TLC diet. There was no significant change in leptin concentrations after both intervention diets. CONCLUSIONS Legumes increased serum adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients. Registration number: IRCT201202251640N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Moon JH, Hyun MK, Lee JY, Shim JI, Kim TH, Choi HS, Ahn HY, Kim KW, Park DJ, Park YJ, Yi KH. Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated clinical parameters: a large-scale, multicenter-based health checkup study. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:753-762. [PMID: 28859466 PMCID: PMC6030422 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid nodules detected by thyroid ultrasound (US) at health checkups and the associated clinical parameters. METHODS A total of 72,319 subjects who underwent thyroid US at three health checkup centers in Korea from January 2004 to December 2010 were included in this study. The correlations between the presence of thyroid nodules and other clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of thyroid nodules and cysts was 34.2% (n = 24,757). Thyroid nodules were more prevalent in women and older age groups. Among the subjects with thyroid nodules with size information (n = 24,686), 18,833 (76.3%) had nodules measuring ≤ 1.0 cm. Women and older age groups showed higher proportion of larger nodules. Percentage of women, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat composition, blood pressure, and the level of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in the subjects with thyroid nodules compared to those without nodules. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and overt/subclinical thyrotoxic state was higher in the subjects with thyroid nodules. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, women, age, BMI, metabolic syndrome, and thyrotoxicosis were independently associated with the presence of thyroid nodules. Conclusions The high prevalence of thyroid nodules in people who underwent thyroid US at a health checkup suggests that increased detection of thyroid nodules resulted in an increased prevalence in the general population. However, metabolic disturbances may also have contributed to the increase in thyroid nodule prevalence in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ja Youn Lee
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Im Shim
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ribeiro MJ, Sacramento JF, Gallego-Martin T, Olea E, Melo BF, Guarino MP, Yubero S, Obeso A, Conde SV. High fat diet blunts the effects of leptin on ventilation and on carotid body activity. J Physiol 2018; 596:3187-3199. [PMID: 29271068 DOI: 10.1113/jp275362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Leptin plays a role in the control of breathing, acting mainly on central nervous system; however, leptin receptors have been recently shown to be expressed in the carotid body (CB), and this finding suggests a physiological role for leptin in the regulation of CB function. Leptin increases minute ventilation in both basal and hypoxic conditions in rats. It increases the frequency of carotid sinus nerve discharge in basal conditions, as well as the release of adenosine from the CB. However, in a metabolic syndrome animal model, the effects of leptin in ventilatory control, carotid sinus nerve activity and adenosine release by the CB are blunted. Although leptin may be involved in triggering CB overactivation in initial stages of obesity and dysmetabolism, resistance to leptin signalling and blunting of responses develops in metabolic syndrome animal models. ABSTRACT Leptin plays a role in the control of breathing, acting mainly on central nervous system structures. Leptin receptors are expressed in the carotid body (CB) and this finding has been associated with a putative physiological role of leptin in the regulation of CB function. Since, the CBs are implicated in energy metabolism, here we tested the effects of different concentrations of leptin administration on ventilatory parameters and on carotid sinus nerve (CSN) activity in control and high-fat (HF) diet fed rats, in order to clarify the role of leptin in ventilation control in metabolic disease states. We also investigated the expression of leptin receptors and the neurotransmitters involved in leptin signalling in the CBs. We found that in non-disease conditions, leptin increases minute ventilation in both basal and hypoxic conditions. However, in the HF model, the effect of leptin in ventilatory control is blunted. We also observed that HF rats display an increased frequency of CSN discharge in basal conditions that is not altered by leptin, in contrast to what is observed in control animals. Leptin did not modify intracellular Ca2+ in CB chemoreceptor cells, but it produced an increase in the release of adenosine from the whole CB. We conclude that CBs represent an important target for leptin signalling, not only to coordinate peripheral ventilatory chemoreflexive drive, but probably also to modulate metabolic variables. We also concluded that leptin signalling is mediated by adenosine release and that HF diets blunt leptin responses in the CB, compromising ventilatory adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ribeiro
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Sacramento
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gallego-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Bernardete F Melo
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria P Guarino
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sara Yubero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Obeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia V Conde
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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26
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Kubota Y, Folsom AR, Pankow JS, Wagenknecht LE, Tang W. Diabetes-related factors and abdominal aortic aneurysm events: the Atherosclerotic Risk in Communities Study. Ann Epidemiol 2017; 28:102-106.e1. [PMID: 29277551 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that diabetes-related factors (metabolic syndrome [MetS], glucose, insulin, and leptin) are inversely associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) risk. METHODS We followed 13,736 participants, aged 45-64 years, without prior AAA surgery at baseline (1987-1989), for AAA occurrence through 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AAA were calculated using Cox regression. RESULTS During 275,054 person-years of follow-up, we identified 518 AAA events. Fasting serum glucose was associated inversely with AAA risk (HR [95% CI] per one unit increment in log2(glucose), 0.54 [0.36-0.80]), but fasting insulin was not associated with AAA. Plasma leptin was also associated inversely with AAA occurrence (HR [95% CI] per one unit increment in log2(leptin), 0.83 [0.71-0.98]). Compared with individuals without MetS, those with MetS had increased risk of AAA (HR [95% CI], 1.24 [1.04-1.48]). Among individuals with or without diabetes, the HRs increased monotonically with a greater number of non-glucose MetS components. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes, fasting glucose, and plasma leptin were inversely associated with risk of AAA. In contrast, the MetS was associated with increased risk of AAA, due to the influence of the non-glucose MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kubota
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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27
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Al Sheikh MH. The Determinants of Leptin Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Saudi Males. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:3506871. [PMID: 28348585 PMCID: PMC5350535 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3506871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to identify the main determinants of serum leptin levels. Methods. A sample of 113 Saudi adult males (55 diabetic and 58 nondiabetic) was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria identified below. Blood samples were taken from participants after fasting for 12 hours. For diabetic patients, the insulin dose was given 12 hours before. In general, the study instrument consisted of blood biochemical tests. Metabolic parameters, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG), and adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, were measured. Multivariate model was utilized to identify the relationship between leptin levels and the independent variables. Results. When adjusted for resistin in the diabetic group, the results demonstrated a significant relationship between visfatin, LDL and TG, and leptin levels (p < 0.05). However, when controlled for resistin, the effect of LDL and TG disappeared while that of visfatin stayed in the model. For the nondiabetic group, the results indicated a significant relationship between insulin, BMI, and leptin levels when adjusted for resistin (p < 0.05). However, the effect of insulin disappeared when the model was controlled for resistin. The study results found no relationship between leptin and adiponectin levels in either the diabetic or nondiabetic group and whether adjusted or controlled for resistin. Conclusion. This study provided better understanding of the metabolism of leptin and unveiled the major determinants of leptin levels in diabetic and nondiabetic males. In conclusion, these results show that the association between leptin and metabolic parameters decreases with the progress of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hmoud Al Sheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Al Aamri ZM, Ali BH. Does honey have any salutary effect against streptozotocin - induced diabetes in rats? J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:4. [PMID: 28127544 PMCID: PMC5260029 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a global, growing and costly public health problem. In the literature, there are conflicting reports on the effect of consumption of bee honey on diabetes. We assessed the possible effect of a commercially available bee honey (given orally by gavage at doses of 1 g/kg/day for 4 weeks) on the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin and body weight of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS Thirty-six rats were allocated randomly into six groups equally and treated for 4 weeks as follows: Group.1: non-diabetic rats given distilled water, group.2: non-diabetic rats given honey (1 g/kg), group.3: Diabetic rats given distilled water, group.4: Diabetic rats given honey, group.5: Diabetic rats given insulin (10 IU/kg), and group.6: Diabetic rats given combination of insulin (10 IU/kg) with honey (1 g/kg). The body weight, blood glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations of each rat were measured. RESULTS Honey treatment did not significantly affect the glucose, leptin and insulin concentrations of diabetic rats. It did not significantly affect the excessive water intake or urinary output in diabetic rats when compared to the insulin-treated groups. Neither honey nor insulin improved body weight in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Contrary to the reports of a salutary effect of honey in diabetic humans and rodents, our results showed that consumption of honey caused no significant changes in body weight, or glucose and insulin concentrations. However, further studies with different doses and durations of treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariya M. Al Aamri
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al - Khoud, Oman
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, AL-Koud, Oman
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29
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Tang Y, Yan T, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Jiang Z, Yang M, Li C, Li Z, Yu P, Wang S, Zhu N, Ren Q, Ni C. Correlation between Insulin Resistance and Thyroid Nodule in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:1617458. [PMID: 29158735 PMCID: PMC5660821 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1617458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study explored the association between insulin resistance (IR) and the clinical characteristics of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS All the patients were newly diagnosed with T2DM. 201 patients with thyroid nodule disease and 308 patients without the nodular thyroid disease. The participants were evaluated by relevant examination. Correlation analyses and regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between the two groups. RESULTS HOMA-IR values, serum FT4 (free thyroxine) levels, and age were higher in the thyroid nodule group than in the control group. The proportion of women in the thyroid nodule group is greater than the proportion of women in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, FT4, and HOMA-IR were positive factors for thyroid nodule. The volume and size of the thyroid nodule were positively correlated with HOMA-IR, irrespective of gender. The thyroid nodule volume and size and the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were greater in females than in males, whereas FT3 (free triiodothyronine) was lower in females. CONCLUSION IR might be a risk factor for thyroid nodule. Whether alleviating the IR might slow the growth, or diminish the volume and size of the thyroid nodules, is yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Changlin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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30
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Farooq R, Amin S, Hayat Bhat M, Malik R, Wani HA, Majid S. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome - adipokine levels and effect of drugs. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:75-78. [PMID: 27705028 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1207165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a consequence of complex interactions among multiple genetic variants and environmental risk factors. This complex disorder is also characterized by changes in various adipokines. In this study, our objective was to estimate the levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin (ALR) in T2DM patients, besides studying the effect of various drugs on their levels. Study participants included 400 diabetic and 300 normal patients from the Department of Endocrinology and Department of Biochemistry, Govt Medical College Srinagar. Subjects were categorized under various groups, i.e., Group 1 (metformin treated) and Group 2 (glimepiride treated), and cases were also categorized as obese with T2DM (Group A), obese without T2DM (Group B), and T2DM only (Group C). The serum ALR levels were estimated by ELISA (Alere), and biochemical parameters were also evaluated before and after treatment. Adiponectin levels were found to be significantly lower in T2DM cases as compared to controls (12 ± 5.5 versus 22.5 ± 7.9 μg/ml), while leptin and resistin levels were found to be significantly higher than controls (14.3 ± 7.4 versus 7.36 ± 3.73 ng/ml) (13.4 ± 1.56 versus 7.236 ± 2.129 pg/ml). Taking the effect of drugs into consideration, the effect on adiponectin and resistin levels was found to be highly significant in Group 2 before and after treatment (11 ± 5 versus 19.2 ± 4.5 μg/ml) (13.6 ± 2.5 versus 7.3 ± 2.9 pg/ml), while more effect was observed in leptin among Group 1 (metformin)-treated cases (27 ± 15 ng/ml versus 15 ± 15 ng/ml). Further the adiponectin levels were found to be significantly lower in Group B, while leptin and resistin levels were found to be significantly higher among obese cases when compared to T2DM cases only. Glimepiride also shows more effect on FBG, HbA1c% levels, while metformin shows more effect on Lipid profile levels. From the study, it can be concluded that ALR levels are affected by use of antidiabetic drugs among which glimepiride shows more effect on adiponectin and resistin levels, while leptin gets affected more by metformin. It can also be proposed that ALR levels are not affected by diabetes only, suggesting that their alterations in T2DM may be due to obesity as we observed more ALR changes in obese cases when compared to T2DM cases, and so there might be an important link between adiposity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Farooq
- a Department of Biochemistry , Govt Medical College , Srinagar , India
| | - Shajrul Amin
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India , and
| | - M Hayat Bhat
- c Department of Medicine , Govt Medical College , Srinagar , India
| | - Rawoof Malik
- a Department of Biochemistry , Govt Medical College , Srinagar , India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Wani
- a Department of Biochemistry , Govt Medical College , Srinagar , India
| | - Sabhiya Majid
- a Department of Biochemistry , Govt Medical College , Srinagar , India
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Neville CE, Patterson CC, Linden GJ, Love K, McKinley MC, Kee F, Blankenberg S, Evans A, Yarnell J, Woodside JV. The relationship between adipokines and the onset of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men: The PRIME study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 120:24-30. [PMID: 27500548 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological evidence suggests that adipokines may be associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes, but the evidence to date is limited and inconclusive. This study examined the association between adiponectin and leptin and the subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in a UK population based cohort of non-diabetic middle-aged men. METHODS Baseline serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured in 1839 non-diabetic men aged 50-60years who were participating in the prospective population-based PRIME study. Over a mean follow-up of 14.7years, new cases of type 2 diabetes were determined from self-reported clinical information with subsequent validation by general practitioners. RESULTS 151 Participants developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. In Cox regression models adjusted for age, men in the top third of the leptin distribution were at increased risk (hazard ratio (HR) 4.27, 95% CI 2.67-6.83) and men in the top third of the adiponectin distribution at reduced risk (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.14-0.42) relative to men in the bottom third. However, significance was lost for leptin after additional adjustment for BMI, waist to hip ratio, lifestyle factors and biological risk factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP). Further adjustment for HOMA-IR also resulted in loss of significance for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that adipokines are associated with men's future type 2 diabetes risk but not independently of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Neville
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Gerard J Linden
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl Love
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Medicine II, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alun Evans
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - John Yarnell
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
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Luft VC, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Chambless LE, Pankow JS, Hoogeveen RC, Couper DJ, Heiss G. Carboxymethyl lysine, an advanced glycation end product, and incident diabetes: a case-cohort analysis of the ARIC Study. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1392-8. [PMID: 26359784 PMCID: PMC4929039 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To verify whether elevated fasting levels of circulating carboxymethyl lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product, predict the development of diabetes in middle-age adults. METHODS Using a stratified case-cohort design, we followed 543 middle-aged individuals who developed diabetes and 514 who did not over a median 9 years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to account for the design. RESULTS In weighted analyses, correlation between CML levels and anthropometric, inflammatory or metabolic variables was minimal (Pearson correlations usually < 0.10). CML, when modelled as a continuous variable and after adjustment for age, sex, race, centre, parental history of diabetes, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, non-esterified fatty acids, oxidized LDL-cholesterol, GFR, smoking, an inflammation score, adiponectin, leptin, insulin and glucose levels, was associated with an increased risk of diabetes [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.67, for each 100 ng/ml CML increment]. Baseline glucose level and race each modified the association (P < 0.05 for interaction), which was present only among those with impaired fasting glucose (≥ 5.6 mmol/l, HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.26-2.05) and among white participants (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-1.99). CONCLUSIONS Elevated fasting CML, after adjustment for multiple risk factors for diabetes, predicts the development of incident diabetes, the association being present among those with impaired fasting glucose and in white participants. These prospective findings suggest that advanced glycation end products might play a role in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Luft
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - B B Duncan
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M I Schmidt
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L E Chambless
- Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R C Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D J Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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33
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Bessel M, Vigo Á, Poyastro A, Nunes MA, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI. Stages of hyperglycemia and common mental disorders in adults - The Brazilian Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). SAO PAULO MED J 2016; 134:423-429. [PMID: 27901243 PMCID: PMC10871856 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0163030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus and depressive disorders frequently coexist. However, this relationship has been little evaluated across stages of hyperglycemia and for a broad range of common mental disorders (CMDs). The objective here was to investigate the association between CMDs and stages of glycemia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted among civil servants aged 35-74 years participating in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. METHODS: CMDs were classified using the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised (CIS-R). Glycemia was classified in stages as normal, intermediate hyperglycemia, newly classified diabetes or previously known diabetes, based on oral glucose tolerance testing, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), self-reported diabetes and medication use. Blood glucose control was assessed according to HbA1c. RESULTS: CMDs were most prevalent in individuals with previously known diabetes. After adjustments, associations weakened considerably and remained significant only for those with a CIS-R score ≥ 12 (prevalence ratio, PR: 1.15; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03-1.29). Intermediate hyperglycemia did not show any association with CMDs. For individuals with previously known diabetes and newly classified diabetes, for every 1% increase in HbA1c, the prevalence of depressive disorders became, respectively, 12% and 23% greater (PR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.26; and PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.44). CONCLUSION: Individuals with previously known diabetes had higher CIS-R scores. Among all individuals with diabetes, worse blood glucose control was correlated with depressive disorder. No relationship between intermediate hyperglycemia and CMDs was observed, thus suggesting that causal processes relating to CMDs, if present, must act more proximally to diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bessel
- MSc. Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Álvaro Vigo
- PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Statistics and Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Poyastro
- MD, PhD. Postdoctoral Fellow, Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angélica Nunes
- MD, PhD. Professor in the Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bruce Bartholow Duncan
- MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Social Medicine and Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Social Medicine and Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Osegbe I, Okpara H, Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15:14-9. [PMID: 26857932 PMCID: PMC5452686 DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.158524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leptin is a hormone produced directly from adipocytes and has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, serum leptin can be explored as a predictive risk factor for T2DM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum leptin and IR among obese women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of obese, adult Nigerian females. Participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and nondiabetic were recruited as subjects. Fasting serum leptin, insulin, and plasma glucose were determined. IR was calculated using the formula: Homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) = (glucose × insulin)/22.5. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Eighty obese females with mean ± standard deviation BMI 39.1 ± 7.2 kg/m2 and serum leptin level 48.4 ± 24.4 ng/ml participated in study. Prevalence of hyperleptinemia was 92.5% (confidence interval: 87.3–97.7%). The relationship between leptin and HOMA-IR among the subjects was: BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2: n = 27, r = 0.18, P = 0.42; BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2: n = 24, r = 0.36, P = 0.11; BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2: n = 29, r = 0.52, P = 0.004*; and after controlling for BMI (n = 29, r = 0.46, P = 0.014*). Multiple linear regression showed that leptin did not predict for IR (P = 0.837). Conclusion: Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with IR, which was significant among the Class III (morbid) obesity class. However, leptin was not a predictive factor for IR in obese Nigerian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa Osegbe
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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Reinehr T, Woelfle J, Wiegand S, Karges B, Meissner T, Nagl K, Holl RW. Leptin but not adiponectin is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:281-8. [PMID: 25882767 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines have been suggested to be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, studies in humans are controversial and analyzes at the onset of disease are scarce. METHODS We compared adiponectin and leptin levels between 74 predominately Caucasian adolescents with T2DM and 74 body mass index (BMI)-, age-, and gender-matched controls without T2DM. Adiponectin and leptin were correlated to age, BMI, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, and lipids. RESULTS Adolescents with T2DM showed significant lower leptin levels as compared with controls (18 ± 12 vs. 37 ± 23 ng/mL, p < 0.001), whereas the adiponectin levels did not differ between the adolescents with and without T2DM (5.0 ± 2.5 vs. 4.9 ± 2.5 µg/mL, p = 0.833). The associations between adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = 0.42), systolic (r = -0.15), and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.20) were stronger as the associations of leptin to these parameters (all r < 0.07). In multiple linear regression analysis, leptin was significantly and positively associated with BMI [β-coefficient: 1.3 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): ±0.5), p < 0.001] and female sex [β-coefficient: 9.7 (95% CI: ±6.7), p = 0.005], and negatively with age [β-coefficient: -2.3 (95% CI: ±2.1), p < 0.001] and HbA1c [β-coefficient -3.1 (95% CI: ±2.1), p = 0.011]. Adiponectin was not significantly associated with BMI, HbA1c, age, or gender in multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Because adiponectin levels did not differ between obese adolescents with and without T2DM, hypoadiponectinemia as observed in obesity seems not to be involved in the genesis of T2DM. The relative hypoleptinemia in obese adolescents with T2DM as compared with obese adolescents without T2DM may contribute to the development of T2DM. Future longitudinal studies in humans are necessary to prove this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Charité Childrens' Hospital Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Karges
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Nagl
- Department for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Vinitha R, Ram J, Snehalatha C, Nanditha A, Shetty AS, Arun R, Godsland IF, Johnston DG, Ramachandran A. Adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6 and HbA1c in the prediction of incident type 2 diabetes: A nested case-control study in Asian Indian men with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:340-6. [PMID: 26026782 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the association of adiponectin, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Asian Indian men with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and (2) to evaluate the additional contribution of these with the well-established glycaemic marker HbA1c. METHODS This is an ancillary analyses of a nested case-control study derived from a prospective, prevention trial in India. All the participants had IGT at baseline. For this subanalysis a total of 147 (T2DM: 71; nondiabetic: 76) participants were selected based on the final glycemic outcomes. Association of these selected adipokines with T2DM were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Clinical usefulness of adding adipokine markers with HbA1c on prediction of T2DM was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS Baseline levels of adiponectin were lower and the levels of IL-6 were higher in T2DM cases when compared with non-diabetic cases (P<0.05). Levels of leptin were similar in both groups. In fully adjusted models, adiponectin (odds ratio (OR): 0.55 [95%CI: 0.33-0.91]; P=0.019) and IL-6 (OR: 2.27 [95%CI: 1.40-3.691]; P=0.001) were associated with diabetes. Addition of adiponectin to HbA1c improved the AUC (ΔAUC: 0.0619; P=0.0251), whereas addition of IL-6 did not improve the predictive power of HbA1c alone. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin and IL-6 are independently associated with incident diabetes. However, they are unlikely to serve as simple tools to predict future risk of diabetes but may have a role in understanding the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Vinitha
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Jagannathan Ram
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Arun Nanditha
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Ananth Samith Shetty
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Raghavan Arun
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Ian F Godsland
- Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Imperial College, London
| | | | - Ambady Ramachandran
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India.
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37
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Keating E, Correia-Branco A, Araújo JR, Meireles M, Fernandes R, Guardão L, Guimarães JT, Martel F, Calhau C. Excess perigestational folic acid exposure induces metabolic dysfunction in post-natal life. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:245-59. [PMID: 25663705 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand whether high folic acid (HFA) exposure during the perigestational period induces metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, later in life. To do this, female Sprague-Dawley rats (G0) were administered a dose of folic acid (FA) recommended for pregnancy (control, C, 2 mg FA/kg of diet, n=5) or a high dose of FA (HFA, 40 mg FA/kg of diet, n=5). Supplementation began at mating and lasted throughout pregnancy and lactation. Body weight and food and fluid intake were monitored in G0 and their offspring (G1) till G1 were 13 months of age. Metabolic blood profiles were assessed in G1 at 3 and 13 months of age (3M and 13M respectively). Both G0 and G1 HFA females had increased body weight gain when compared with controls, particularly 22 (G0) and 10 (G1) weeks after FA supplementation had been stopped. G1 female offspring of HFA mothers had increased glycemia at 3M, and both female and male G1 offspring of HFA mothers had decreased glucose tolerance at 13M, when compared with matched controls. At 13M, G1 female offspring of HFA mothers had increased insulin and decreased adiponectin levels, and G1 male offspring of HFA mothers had increased levels of leptin, when compared with matched controls. In addition, feeding of fructose to adult offspring revealed that perigestational exposure to HFA renders female progeny more susceptible to developing metabolic unbalance upon such a challenge. The results of this work indicate that perigestational HFA exposure the affects long-term metabolic phenotype of the offspring, predisposing them to an insulin-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Keating
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João R Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Meireles
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Guardão
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 420
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Dearborn JL, Schneider ALC, Gottesman RF, Kurth T, Pankow JS, Couper DJ, Rose KM, Williams MA, Peterlin BL. Adiponectin and leptin levels in migraineurs in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neurology 2014; 83:2211-8. [PMID: 25378672 PMCID: PMC4277678 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate adiponectin and leptin levels in older men and women with migraine. METHODS Fasting total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and leptin levels were evaluated in a case-cohort study of nondiabetic older migraine and nonmigraine control participants from the ongoing, longitudinal, general population, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study at visit 1 (1987-1989). A standardized headache questionnaire was completed at visit 3 (1993-1995). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, center, body mass index, and fasting glucose were used to evaluate the association of each adipocytokine with migraine. RESULTS Of the 981 participants, the mean age at baseline was 52.8 years (SE 0.3); 131 fulfilled migraine criteria. Crude, mean total adiponectin levels were greater in men and women with migraine (8.1 µg/mL, SE 0.5) as compared to those without migraine (7.0 µg/mL, SE 0.2) (p = 0.031). After adjustments, the odds of migraine were increased by 88% with each SD increase in total adiponectin in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15, 3.01; p = 0.011), but not in women (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.80, 1.37; p = 0.728; p interaction = 0.029). Similar results were demonstrated for HMW adiponectin. Crude and adjusted leptin levels were not associated with migraine. CONCLUSIONS Although crude, total adiponectin levels were higher in older men and women with migraine than controls, after adjustments, the prevalence of migraine was significantly associated with total adiponectin only in older men, suggesting the association may be confounded or absent in older women. Leptin was not associated with migraine in older men or women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Dearborn
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea L C Schneider
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tobias Kurth
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - James S Pankow
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - David J Couper
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn M Rose
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - B Lee Peterlin
- From the Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; the Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; the Department of Neurology (R.F.G., B.L.P.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Team Neuroepidemiology (T.K.), INSERM Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U897), Bordeaux; France College of Health Sciences (T.K.), University of Bordeaux; the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Biostatistics (D.J.C.) and Epidemiology (K.M.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. (K.M.R.), Durham, NC; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Hilawe EH, Yatsuya H, Li Y, Uemura M, Wang C, Chiang C, Toyoshima H, Tamakoshi K, Zhang Y, Kawazoe N, Aoyama A. Smoking and diabetes: is the association mediated by adiponectin, leptin, or C-reactive protein? J Epidemiol 2014; 25:99-109. [PMID: 25400076 PMCID: PMC4310870 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes is well established, its mechanisms are yet to be clarified. This study examined the possible mediating effects of adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations on the smoking-diabetes association. Methods Between 2002 and 2011, we followed 3338 Japanese workers, aged 35–66 years, who were enrolled in the second Aichi workers’ cohort study. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models to determine the hazard ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between smoking status and risk of diabetes. A multiple mediation model with bootstrapping was used to estimate the magnitude and the respective bias-corrected (BC) 95% CIs of the indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through the three biomarkers. Results Relative to never smokers, the risk of diabetes was significantly elevated in current (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.25–2.46) and ex-smokers (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.22). The indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through adiponectin levels were statistically significant among light (point estimate 0.033, BC 95% CI 0.005–0.082), moderate (point estimate 0.044, BC 95% CI 0.010–0.094), and heavy smokers (point estimate 0.054, BC 95% CI 0.013–0.113). In contrast, neither the indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through leptin nor CRP levels were significant, as the corresponding BC 95% CIs included zero. Conclusions In our analysis, adiponectin concentration appeared to partially mediate the effect of smoking on diabetes, while leptin and CRP levels did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esayas Haregot Hilawe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Newson RB, Jones M, Forsberg B, Janson C, Bossios A, Dahlen SE, Toskala EM, Al-Kalemji A, Kowalski ML, Rymarczyk B, Salagean EM, van Drunen CM, Bachert C, Wehrend T, Krämer U, Mota-Pinto A, Burney P, Leynaert B, Jarvis D. The association of asthma, nasal allergies, and positive skin prick tests with obesity, leptin, and adiponectin. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:250-60. [PMID: 24147569 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional and longitudinal reports show that obese adults have more asthma than non-obese adults. A proposed mechanism is via effects of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) on the immune system. OBJECTIVE We wished to measure the associations of asthma and other atopic diseases with serum adipokine levels and to find whether the associations with asthma were strong enough to rule out the possibility that they are secondary to the association of fatness measures with asthma. METHODS The Global Asthma and Allergy Network of Excellence (GA(2) LEN) clinical follow-up survey is a clinical survey, embedded in a larger multi-centre cross-sectional postal survey, involving, with a case/control design, enrichment of the sample with subjects with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We recorded serum leptin or adiponectin in 845 men and 1110 women in 15 centres and also anthropometric measures of fatness including body mass index and waist/hip ratio, current asthma, and specific skin prick and IgE sensitisation. We used inverse sampling-probability-weighted rank and regression statistics to measure population associations of disease outcomes with adipokines in males and females, adjusting for confounders (area, age, smoking history, and number of elder siblings) and also mutually adjusting associations with adipokines and fatness measures. RESULTS One thousand nine hundred and fifty-five subjects aged 16-77 years had information on leptin or adiponectin levels. Leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were positively associated with the level of asthma, especially in females (Somers' D of leptin by asthma score, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.30; P = 0.00079). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for confounders and became non-significant after additionally adjusting for fatness measures and multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Asthma levels are positively associated with serum leptin. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that this association is secondary to associations of both with fatness measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Newson
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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Luft VC, Pereira M, Pankow JS, Ballantyne C, Couper D, Heiss G, Duncan BB. Retinol binding protein 4 and incident diabetes--the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC Study). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2014; 16:388-97. [PMID: 24142010 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2013000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been described as a link between impaired glucose uptake in adipocytes and systemic insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To determine whether RBP4 fasting levels predict the development of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using a case-cohort design, we followed 543 middle-aged individuals who developed diabetes and 537 who did not over ~9 years within the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses permitted statistical inference of the RBP4 - incident diabetes associations to the entire cohort. RESULTS Women in the highest tertile of RBP4 presented greater risk of developing diabetes (HR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.03 - 2.94) in analyses adjusted for age, ethnicity, study center, parental history of diabetes, hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, nonesterified fatty acids, adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides and HDL-C. When additionally adjusted for fasting insulin, this association's significance became borderline (HR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.82). No association between RBP4 levels and incident diabetes was found in men. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RBP4 levels may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C Luft
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Porto Alegre,RS, Brazil
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Julia C, Czernichow S, Charnaux N, Ahluwalia N, Andreeva V, Touvier M, Galan P, Fezeu L. Relationships between adipokines, biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 105:231-8. [PMID: 24931702 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Identification of novel biomarkers of diabetes risk help to understand mechanisms of pathogenesis and improve risk prediction. Our objectives were to examine the relationships between adipokines, biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function and development of type 2 diabetes; and to assess the relevance of including these biomarkers in type 2 diabetes prediction risk models. METHODS 1345 subjects from the SU.VI.MAX study, who were free of diabetes at baseline and who completed 13 years of follow-up were included in the present analyses. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of incident type 2 diabetes associated with a 1-SD increase in adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intracellular adhesion modecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were estimated. Predicitive performances of models including biomarkers were assessed with area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) statistics. RESULTS 82 subjects developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increased with increasing concentrations of leptin (2.04 (1.28;3.26)), sICAM-1 (1.39 (1.08;1.78)) and sVCAM-1 (1.29 (1.01;1.64)). Type 2 diabetes associations with leptin remained significant after adjusting for a combination of biomarkers. Models adjusted for novel biomarkers had improved performance compared to models adjusted for classical risk factors as assessed by IDI, but not by AUC. CONCLUSIONS Adipokines, biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function were significantly associated to onset of type 2 diabetes. However their inclusion in predictive scores is not supported by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Julia
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France; Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP); Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
| | - S Czernichow
- INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France; Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Nutrition, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - N Charnaux
- Department of Biochemistry, Jean-Verdier Hospital (AP-HP), Bondy, France
| | - N Ahluwalia
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France
| | - V Andreeva
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France
| | - M Touvier
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France
| | - P Galan
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France
| | - L Fezeu
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France
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Adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a close linkage with obesity and length of the disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:701915. [PMID: 25105135 PMCID: PMC4101968 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, and aging are closely associated and adipokines seem to have a crucial role in their pathophysiology. We aim to study the relationship between aging and chemerin, adiponectin, and leptin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Age correlated positively with chemerin and leptin and inversely with adiponectin. Body mass index (BMI) correlated positively with leptin (in males) and chemerin and inversely with adiponectin. The patients with ≥65 years (n = 34) showed significantly higher leptin and chemerin and lower adiponectin levels than middle-aged (38–64 years) patients (n = 39) and controls (n = 20). After statistical adjustment for length of disease, there was a loss of significance, between T2DM groups, for adiponectin and, in female, for leptin. In the older group, BMI correlated with adiponectin and with leptin, but not with chemerin.
Adiponectin and leptin levels in elderly T2DM patients seem to be closely linked to obesity and to length of the disease. In elderly T2DM patients, chemerin concentrations are increased and seem to be independent of length of disease and BMI, suggesting that adipocyte dysfunction is enhanced with aging. The understanding of the glucose homeostasis impairment in the elderly is mandatory in order to achieve ways to improve their quality of life and longevity.
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Chen GC, Qin LQ, Ye JK. Leptin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes: gender-specific meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2014; 15:134-42. [PMID: 24102863 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the gender-specific differences in the relationship between circulating leptin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes. Published prospective studies that reported the association of leptin levels with risk of type 2 diabetes for a certain gender or those that reported gender-specific associations were considered. Dose-response relationships were assessed by the generalized least squares trend estimation and summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed with the random-effects model. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were also performed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. Overall, 11 prospective studies were identified. The summary RR for an increment in leptin levels of 1-log ng mL(-1) was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.13-1.66) for men and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-1.03) for women. The differences between genders were statistically significant (P for interaction = 0.006). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses generally confirmed the robustness of these findings. Furthermore, the increased risk in men appeared non-linear, with a tendency to plateau at high levels (P for non-linearity = 0.03). Little evidence of publication bias was found. Collectively, higher leptin levels were found to be associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-C Chen
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
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Al-Hamodi Z, AL-Habori M, Al-Meeri A, Saif-Ali R. Association of adipokines, leptin/adiponectin ratio and C-reactive protein with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:99. [PMID: 25276234 PMCID: PMC4177707 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in plasma adipokines and/or inflammatory parameters in Type 2 DM remain vague as to whether they are due to obesity and/or directly associated with the diabetic state. Our objective was to compare plasma adiponectin, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) and hs-CRP in obese non-diabetic subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients, as well as determining the association of these adipokines with MetS and diabetes-related quantitative traits. METHODS In this study, 92 Yemeni male volunteers aged 25-60 years old were enrolled, 31 of whom were healthy subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) served as control; 30 non-diabetic obese subjects BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) and FBG < 6.1 mmol/l; and 31 non-obese Type 2 DM with FBG > 7 mmol/l and BMI < 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS Adiponectin was lower in obese subjects, with no differences between non-obese Type 2 DM patients and controls. In contrast, leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were higher in both obese subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients. Linear regression analysis showed adiponectin to be associated negatively with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR; whereas leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, TG, FBG, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR. Moreover, adiponectin negatively correlated with leptin, LAR and hs-CRP; whereas leptin and LAR positively correlated with hs-CRP and with each other. CONCLUSION Plasma adiponectin is not affected by diabetes per se, suggesting that its alterations in Type 2 DM may be due to obesity and may be an important link between adiposity, IR and Type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Molham AL-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Ali Al-Meeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
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Mishra S, Harris TB, Hue T, Miljkovic I, Satterfield S, de Rekeneire N, Mehta M, Sahyoun NR. Hyperleptinemia, adiposity, and risk of metabolic syndrome in older adults. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013:327079. [PMID: 24455217 PMCID: PMC3888758 DOI: 10.1155/2013/327079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Abdominal adiposity and serum leptin increase with age as does risk of metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the prospective association between leptin and metabolic syndrome risk in relation to adiposity and cytokines. Methods. The Health, Aging, and Body Composition study is a prospective cohort of older adults aged 70 to 79 years. Baseline measurements included leptin, cytokines, BMI, total percent fat, and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between leptin and metabolic syndrome (defined per NCEP ATP III) incidence after 6 years of follow-up among 1,120 men and women. Results. Leptin predicted metabolic syndrome in men (P for trend = 0.0002) and women (P for trend = 0.0001). In women, risk of metabolic syndrome increased with higher levels of leptin (compared with quintile 1, quintile 2 RR = 3.29, CI = 1.36, 7.95; quintile 3 RR = 3.25, CI = 1.33, 7.93; quintile 4 RR = 5.21, CI = 2.16, 12.56; and quintile 5 RR = 7.97, CI = 3.30, 19.24) after adjusting for potential confounders. Leptin remained independently associated with metabolic syndrome risk after additional adjustment for adiposity, cytokines, and CRP. Among men, this association was no longer significant after controlling for adiposity. Conclusion. Among older women, elevated concentrations of leptin may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome independent of adiposity and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mishra
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Trisha Hue
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | - Mira Mehta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nadine R. Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Anil C, Akkurt A, Ayturk S, Kut A, Gursoy A. Impaired glucose metabolism is a risk factor for increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficient area. Metabolism 2013; 62:970-5. [PMID: 23395200 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose metabolism. IR is associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in patients with metabolic syndrome. Data on the association of thyroid morphology and abnormal glucose metabolism are limited. This prospective study was carried out to evaluate thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficient area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were gathered on all newly diagnosed patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus between May 2008 and February 2010. 156 patients with pre-diabetes and 123 patients with type 2 DM were randomly matched for age, gender, and smoking habits with 114 subjects with normal glucose metabolism. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid ultrasonography was performed in all participants. RESULTS Mean TSH level in the diabetes group (1.9±0.9 mIU/L) was higher than in the control group (1.4±0.8 mIU/L) and the pre-diabetes group (1.5±0.8 mIU/L) (P<0.0001 for both). Mean thyroid volume was higher in the pre-diabetes (18.2±9.2mL) and diabetes (20.0±8.2mL) groups than in controls (11.4±3.8mL) (P<0.0001 for both). Percentage of patients with thyroid nodules was also higher in the pre-diabetes (51.3%) and diabetes groups (61.8%) than in controls (23.7%) (P<0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that patients with impaired glucose metabolism have significantly increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyd Anil
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Luft VC, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, Couper D, Ballantyne CM, Young JH, Duncan BB. Chronic inflammation role in the obesity-diabetes association: a case-cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:31. [PMID: 23806173 PMCID: PMC3698103 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is related to both obesity and diabetes. Our aim was to investigate to what extent this inflammation contributes to the association between obesity and diabetes. METHODS Using a case-cohort design, we followed 567 middle-aged individuals who developed diabetes and 554 who did not over 9 years within the ARIC Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses permitted statistical inference to the entire cohort. RESULTS Obese individuals (BMI≥30 kg/m2), compared to those with BMI<25 kg/m2, presented a large increased risk of developing diabetes (HR[obesity]=6.4, 95%CI 4.5-9.2), as did those in the highest (compared to the lowest) quartile of waist circumference (HR[waist]=8.3, 95%CI 5.6-12.3), in analyses adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, study center, and parental history of diabetes. Notably, further adjustment for adiponectin and inflammation markers halved the magnitude of these associations (HR[obesity]=3.2, 95%CI 2.1-4.7; and HR[waist]=4.2, 95%CI 2.8-6.5). In similar modeling, attenuation obtained by adding fasting insulin, instead of these markers, was only slightly more pronounced HR[obesity]=2.7, 95%CI 1.7-4.1; and HR[waist]=3.6, 95%CI 2.3-5.8). CONCLUSIONS The marked decrease in the obesity-diabetes association after taking into account inflammation markers and adipokines indicates their major role in the pathways leading to adult onset of diabetes in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C Luft
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria I Schmidt
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - J Hunter Young
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Rubio-Martín E, Soriguer F, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Garrido-Sánchez L, de Adana MSR, García-Fuentes E, Morcillo S, Esteva I, Chaves FJ, Rojo-Martinez G. C-reactive protein and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Pizarra study. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:159-67. [PMID: 23278315 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the association between serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort from southern Spain (Pizarra study). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study formed part of the Pizarra cohort study, a prospective study started in 1995 with a follow-up of 11 years. Anthropometric and metabolic variables were measured at baseline and at 6 years and 11 years of follow-up. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Serum levels of TNFα and its receptors, hs-CRP, IL-6, leptin, adiponectin and FABP4 were measured at 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex and obesity, subjects with levels of hs-CRP> 2.9 mg/L in the second study (2003-4) had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes by the third study (2008-9) (OR = 7.97; 95% CI = 1.72-36.89; P = 0.008), and subjects with adiponectin levels > 13.2 mg/L had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.23, P = 0.02). High values of hs-CRP and high values of adiponectin were associated positively (OR = 8.26; 95% CI = 1.84-37.19; P = 0.006) and negatively (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.04-0.69; P = 0.01), respectively, with the risk of having HbA1c ≥ 6.5% at 11 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with high serum hs-CRP levels and low serum adiponectin levels have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes within five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elehazara Rubio-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain.
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Sans S, Padró T, Tuomilehto J, Badimon L. Incidence of diabetes and serum adipokines in Catalonian men: the ADIPOCAT study. Ann Med 2013; 45:97-102. [PMID: 22497253 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2012.679958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship of body mass index and serum adipokines with incidence of diabetes in men. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten-year cohort study of a random population sample of 1011 men aged 35-69 years from the MONICA-Catalonia survey (1986-1988). WHO-MONICA protocol and the US Hispanic NHANES diabetes questionnaire were applied. Fasting serum glucose and lipids were measured by enzymatic methods, adipokines and insulin by Luminex xMAP technology,and hs-CRP by nephelometry in stored baseline samples (-80°C). Type2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or diagnosed diabetes. Incident diabetes was defined as absence of these criteria at baseline but presence at re-examination. Cox regression analysis was used. RESULTS Incidence of diabetes (n = 85) was 10.3/1000 person-years, increasing significantly with BMI but decreasing by quartiles of adiponectin. Incidence increased above median BMI and glucose (45.3/1000 person-years, OR = 19.97). Log-adiponectin associated with reduced risk of diabetes after multivariate adjustment (HR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.72), with significant modification of this effect by baseline glycaemia. C-reactive protein was not a significant factor. Leptin lost strength when adjusted for BMI. CONCLUSIONS In a population with relatively high diabetes incidence, BMI and glucose were strong risk factors, while adiponectin protected against diabetes, especially in men with high glycaemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sans
- Institute of Health Studies, Barcelona 08005, Spain.
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