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Li J, Zhao T, Sun Y. Interleukin-17A in diabetic retinopathy: The crosstalk of inflammation and angiogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116311. [PMID: 38788958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe ocular complication of diabetes which can leads to irreversible vision loss in its late-stage. Chronic inflammation results from long-term hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of DR. In recent years, the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family have attracted the interest of researchers. IL-17A is the most widely explored cytokine in IL-17 family, involved in various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Growing body of evidence indicate the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of DR. However, the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effect of IL-17A in DR have not hitherto been reviewed. Gaining an understanding of the pro-inflammatory role of IL-17A, and how IL-17A control/impact angiogenesis pathways in the eye will deepen our understanding of how IL-17A contributes to DR pathogenesis. Herein, we aimed to thoroughly review the pro-inflammatory role of IL-17A in DR, with focus in how IL-17A impact inflammation and angiogenesis crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Li T, Qian Y, Li H, Wang T, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Li S, He X, Shi G, Su W, Lu Y, Chen Y. Cellular communication network factor 1 promotes retinal leakage in diabetic retinopathy via inducing neutrophil stasis and neutrophil extracellular traps extrusion. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:275. [PMID: 38755602 PMCID: PMC11097549 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness and is characterized by dysfunction of the retinal microvasculature. Neutrophil stasis, resulting in retinal inflammation and the occlusion of retinal microvessels, is a key mechanism driving DR. These plugging neutrophils subsequently release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which further disrupts the retinal vasculature. Nevertheless, the primary catalyst for NETs extrusion in the retinal microenvironment under diabetic conditions remains unidentified. In recent studies, cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) has emerged as a central molecule modulating inflammation in pathological settings. Additionally, our previous research has shed light on the pathogenic role of CCN1 in maintaining endothelial integrity. However, the precise role of CCN1 in microvascular occlusion and its potential interaction with neutrophils in diabetic retinopathy have not yet been investigated. METHODS We first examined the circulating level of CCN1 and NETs in our study cohort and analyzed related clinical parameters. To further evaluate the effects of CCN1 in vivo, we used recombinant CCN1 protein and CCN1 overexpression for gain-of-function, and CCN1 knockdown for loss-of-function by intravitreal injection in diabetic mice. The underlying mechanisms were further validated on human and mouse primary neutrophils and dHL60 cells. RESULTS We detected increases in CCN1 and neutrophil elastase in the plasma of DR patients and the retinas of diabetic mice. CCN1 gain-of-function in the retina resulted in neutrophil stasis, NETs extrusion, capillary degeneration, and retinal leakage. Pre-treatment with DNase I to reduce NETs effectively eliminated CCN1-induced retinal leakage. Notably, both CCN1 knockdown and DNase I treatment rescued the retinal leakage in the context of diabetes. In vitro, CCN1 promoted adherence, migration, and NETs extrusion of neutrophils. CONCLUSION In this study, we uncover that CCN1 contributed to retinal inflammation, vessel occlusion and leakage by recruiting neutrophils and triggering NETs extrusion under diabetic conditions. Notably, manipulating CCN1 was able to hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yixia Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wenru Su
- Department of Ocular Immunology & Uveitis, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Qiu J, Wu J, Chen W, Ruan Y, Mao J, Li S, Tang X, Zhao L, Li S, Li K, Liu D, Duan Y. NOD1 deficiency ameliorates the progression of diabetic retinopathy by modulating bone marrow-retina crosstalk. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:38. [PMID: 38336763 PMCID: PMC10858517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) plays a pivotal role in inducing metabolic inflammation in diabetes. Additionally, the NOD1 ligand disrupts the equilibrium of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, a process that has immense significance in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We hypothesized that NOD1 depletion impedes the advancement of DR by resolving bone marrow dysfunction. METHODS We generated NOD1-/--Akita double-mutant mice and chimeric mice with hematopoietic-specific NOD1 depletion to study the role of NOD1 in the bone marrow-retina axis. RESULTS Elevated circulating NOD1 activators were observed in Akita mice after 6 months of diabetes. NOD1 depletion partially restored diabetes-induced structural changes and retinal electrical responses in NOD1-/--Akita mice. Loss of NOD1 significantly ameliorated the progression of diabetic retinal vascular degeneration, as determined by acellular capillary quantification. The preventive effect of NOD1 depletion on DR is linked to bone marrow phenotype alterations, including a restored HSC pool and a shift in hematopoiesis toward myelopoiesis. We also generated chimeric mice with hematopoietic-specific NOD1 ablation, and the results further indicated that NOD1 had a protective effect against DR. Mechanistically, loss of hematopoietic NOD1 resulted in reduced bone marrow-derived macrophage infiltration and decreased CXCL1 and CXCL2 secretion within the retina, subsequently leading to diminished neutrophil chemoattraction and NETosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study unveil, for the first time, the critical role of NOD1 as a trigger for a hematopoietic imbalance toward myelopoiesis and local retinal inflammation, culminating in DR progression. Targeting NOD1 in bone marrow may be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Ruan
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingning Mao
- Health Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Trotta MC, Gesualdo C, Russo M, Lepre CC, Petrillo F, Vastarella MG, Nicoletti M, Simonelli F, Hermenean A, D’Amico M, Rossi S. Changes in Circulating Acylated Ghrelin and Neutrophil Elastase in Diabetic Retinopathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:118. [PMID: 38256379 PMCID: PMC10820226 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The role and the levels of ghrelin in diabetes-induced retinal damage have not yet been explored. The present study aimed to measure the serum levels of total ghrelin (TG), and its acylated (AG) and des-acylated (DAG) forms in patients with the two stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), non-proliferative (NPDR) and proliferative (PDR). Moreover, the correlation between serum ghrelin and neutrophil elastase (NE) levels was investigated. Materials and Methods: The serum markers were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 12 non-diabetic subjects (CTRL), 15 diabetic patients without DR (Diabetic), 15 patients with NPDR, and 15 patients with PDR. Results: TG and AG serum levels were significantly decreased in Diabetic (respectively, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 vs. CTRL), NPDR (p < 0.01 vs. Diabetic), and in PDR patients (p < 0.01 vs. NPDR). AG serum levels were inversely associated with DR abnormalities (microhemorrhages, microaneurysms, and exudates) progression (r = -0.83, p < 0.01), serum neutrophil percentage (r = -0.74, p < 0.01), and serum NE levels (r = -0.73, p < 0.01). The latter were significantly increased in the Diabetic (p < 0.05 vs. CTRL), NPDR (p < 0.01 vs. Diabetic), and PDR (p < 0.01 vs. PDR) groups. Conclusions: The two DR stages were characterized by decreased AG and increased NE levels. In particular, serum AG levels were lower in PDR compared to NPDR patients, and serum NE levels were higher in the PDR vs. the NPDR group. Together with the greater presence of retinal abnormalities, this could underline a distinctive role of AG in PDR compared to NPDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (C.C.L.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Marina Russo
- PhD Course in National Interest in Public Administration and Innovation for Disability and Social Inclusion, Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Claudia Lepre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (C.C.L.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
- PhD Course in Translational Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (C.C.L.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
- PhD Course in Translational Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Giovanna Vastarella
- PhD Course in Translational Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania;
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (C.C.L.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.N.); (F.S.)
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Sun WJ, An XD, Zhang YH, Zhao XF, Sun YT, Yang CQ, Kang XM, Jiang LL, Ji HY, Lian FM. The ideal treatment timing for diabetic retinopathy: the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying early-stage diabetic retinopathy are a matter of concern. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1270145. [PMID: 38027131 PMCID: PMC10680169 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1270145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life due to vision loss. No pharmacological therapies are currently approved for DR, excepted the drugs to treat diabetic macular edema such as the anti-VEGF agents or steroids administered by intraocular route. Advancements in research have highlighted the crucial role of early intervention in DR for halting or delaying disease progression. This holds immense significance in enhancing patients' quality of life and alleviating the societal burden associated with medical care costs. The non-proliferative stage represents the early phase of DR. In comparison to the proliferative stage, pathological changes primarily manifest as microangiomas and hemorrhages, while at the cellular level, there is a loss of pericytes, neuronal cell death, and disruption of components and functionality within the retinal neuronal vascular unit encompassing pericytes and neurons. Both neurodegenerative and microvascular abnormalities manifest in the early stages of DR. Therefore, our focus lies on the non-proliferative stage of DR and we have initially summarized the mechanisms involved in its development, including pathways such as polyols, that revolve around the pathological changes occurring during this early stage. We also integrate cutting-edge mechanisms, including leukocyte adhesion, neutrophil extracellular traps, multiple RNA regulation, microorganisms, cell death (ferroptosis and pyroptosis), and other related mechanisms. The current status of drug therapy for early-stage DR is also discussed to provide insights for the development of pharmaceutical interventions targeting the early treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Dong An
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Hong Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Zhao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Qing Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Kang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jiang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hang-Yu Ji
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Deliyanti D, Suphapimol V, Ang P, Tang X, Jayasimhan A, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Early Depletion of Neutrophils Reduces Retinal Inflammation and Neovascularization in Mice with Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15680. [PMID: 37958664 PMCID: PMC10648252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation is a central feature of ocular neovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, but the contribution of neutrophils to this process is not fully understood. We studied oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) which develops in two phases, featuring hyperoxia-induced retinal vaso-obliteration in phase I, followed by retinal neovascularization in phase II. As neutrophils are acute responders to tissue damage, we evaluated whether neutrophil depletion with an anti-Ly6G mAb administered in phase I OIR influenced retinal inflammation and vascular injury. Neutrophils were measured in blood and spleen via flow cytometry, and myeloperoxidase, an indicator of neutrophil activity, was evaluated in the retina using Western blotting. Retinal vasculopathy was assessed by quantitating vaso-obliteration, neovascularization, vascular leakage, and VEGF levels. The inflammatory factors, TNF, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in retina. In the OIR controls, neutrophils were increased in the blood and spleen in phase I but not phase II OIR. In OIR, the anti-Ly6G mAb reduced neutrophils in the blood and spleen, and myeloperoxidase, inflammation, and vasculopathy in the retina. Our findings revealed that the early rise in neutrophils in OIR primes the retina for an inflammatory and angiogenic response that promotes severe damage to the retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Wilkinson-Berka
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.D.); (V.S.); (P.A.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
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7
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Liu C, Yalavarthi S, Tambralli A, Zeng L, Rysenga CE, Alizadeh N, Hudgins L, Liang W, NaveenKumar SK, Shi H, Shelef MA, Atkins KB, Pennathur S, Knight JS. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation alleviates vascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1019. [PMID: 37878711 PMCID: PMC10599623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have previously been linked to some diabetes-associated complications, such as dysfunctional wound healing, their potential role in diabetic vascular dysfunction has not been studied. Diabetic Akita mice were crossed with either Elane-/- or Pad4-/- mice to generate NET-deficient diabetic mice. By 24 weeks of age, Akita aortae showed markedly impaired relaxation in response to acetylcholine, indicative of vascular dysfunction. Both Akita-Elane-/- mice and Akita-Pad4-/- mice had reduced levels of circulating NETs and improved acetylcholine-mediated aortic relaxation. Compared with wild-type aortae, the thromboxane metabolite TXB2 was roughly 10-fold higher in both intact and endothelium-denuded aortae of Akita mice. In contrast, Akita-Elane-/- and Akita-Pad4-/- aortae had TXB2 levels similar to wild type. In summary, inhibition of NETosis by two independent strategies prevented the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetic Akita mice. Thromboxane was up-regulated in the vessel walls of NETosis-competent diabetic mice, suggesting a role for neutrophils in driving the production of this vasoconstrictive and atherogenic prostanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ajay Tambralli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine E. Rysenga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nikoo Alizadeh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Hudgins
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hui Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miriam A. Shelef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin B. Atkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Li J, Yin L, Chen S, Li Z, Ding J, Wu J, Yang K, Xu J. The perspectives of NETosis on the progression of obesity and obesity-related diseases: mechanisms and applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221361. [PMID: 37649550 PMCID: PMC10465184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease commonly associated with urbanization and can also be characterized as a systemic, chronic metabolic condition resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified obesity as the most serious chronic disease that is increasingly prevalent in the world population. If left untreated, it can lead to dangerous health issues such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, and vulnerability to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The specific mechanisms by which obesity affects the development of these diseases can be refined to the effect on immune cells. Existing studies have shown that the development of obesity and its associated diseases is closely related to the balance or lack thereof in the number and function of various immune cells, of which neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in humans, infiltrating and accumulating in the adipose tissues of obese individuals, whereas NETosis, as a newly discovered type of neutrophil-related cell death, its role in the development of obesity and related diseases is increasingly emphasized. The article reviews the significant role that NETosis plays in the development of obesity and related diseases, such as diabetes and its complications. It discusses the epidemiology and negative impacts of obesity, explains the mechanisms of NETosis, and examines its potential as a targeted drug to treat obesity and associated ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijia Yin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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9
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Reynolds L, Luo Z, Singh K. Diabetic complications and prospective immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219598. [PMID: 37483613 PMCID: PMC10360133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus is increasing globally. Individuals who have been burdened with diabetes for many years often develop complications as a result of hyperglycemia. More and more research is being conducted highlighting inflammation as an important factor in disease progression. In all kinds of diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to activation of alternative glucose metabolic pathways, resulting in problematic by-products including reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products. This review takes a look into the pathogenesis of three specific diabetic complications; retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as well as their current treatment options. By considering recent research papers investigating the effects of immunotherapy on relevant conditions in animal models, multiple strategies are suggested for future treatment and prevention of diabetic complications with an emphasis on molecular targets associated with the inflammation.
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10
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Liu H, Ghosh S, Vaidya T, Bammidi S, Huang C, Shang P, Nair AP, Chowdhury O, Stepicheva NA, Strizhakova A, Hose S, Mitrousis N, Gadde SG, Mb T, Strassburger P, Widmer G, Lad EM, Fort PE, Sahel JA, Zigler JS, Sethu S, Westenskow PD, Proia AD, Sodhi A, Ghosh A, Feenstra D, Sinha D. Activated cGAS/STING signaling elicits endothelial cell senescence in early diabetic retinopathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168945. [PMID: 37345657 PMCID: PMC10371250 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults and remains an important public health issue worldwide. Here we demonstrate that the expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is increased in patients with DR and animal models of diabetic eye disease. STING has been previously shown to regulate cell senescence and inflammation, key contributors to the development and progression of DR. To investigate the mechanism whereby STING contributes to the pathogenesis of DR, diabetes was induced in STING-KO mice and STINGGT (loss-of-function mutation) mice, and molecular alterations and pathological changes in the retina were characterized. We report that retinal endothelial cell senescence, inflammation, and capillary degeneration were all inhibited in STING-KO diabetic mice; these observations were independently corroborated in STINGGT mice. These protective effects resulted from the reduction in TBK1, IRF3, and NF-κB phosphorylation in the absence of STING. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting STING may be an effective therapy for the early prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peng Shang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadezda A Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anastasia Strizhakova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikolaos Mitrousis
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thirumalesh Mb
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pamela Strassburger
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Widmer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institut De La Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J Samuel Zigler
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Peter D Westenskow
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan D Proia
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Derrick Feenstra
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Magaña-Guerrero FS, Aguayo-Flores JE, Buentello-Volante B, Zarco-Ávila K, Sánchez-Cisneros P, Castro-Salas I, De la Torre-Galván E, Rodríguez-Loaiza JL, Jiménez-Corona A, Garfias Y. Spontaneous Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release Are Inflammatory Markers Associated with Hyperglycemia and Renal Failure on Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1791. [PMID: 37509431 PMCID: PMC10376331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major microvascular complication of diabetes and causes vitreous traction and intraretinal hemorrhages leading to retinal detachment and total blindness. The evolution of diabetes is related to exacerbating inflammation caused by hyperglycemia and activation of inflammatory cells. Neutrophils are cells able to release structures of extracellular DNA and proteolytic enzymes called extracellular traps (NETs), which are associated with the persistence of inflammation in chronic pathologies. The purpose of the study was to determine the usefulness of neutrophil traps as indicators of DR progression in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We performed a case-control study of seventy-four cases classified into five groups (non-proliferative DR, mild, moderate, severe, and proliferative) and fifteen healthy controls. We found correlations between NETs and a diagnostic time of T2DM (r = 0.42; p < 0.0001), fasting glucose (r = 0.29; p < 0.01), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.31; p < 0.01), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = -0.29; p < 0.01), and plasma osmolarity (r = 0.25; p < 0.01). These results suggest that due to NETs being associated with clinical indicators, such as HbA1c and eGFR, and that NETs are also associated with DR, clinical indicators might be explained in part through an NET-mediated inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Aguayo-Flores
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Buentello-Volante
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Karla Zarco-Ávila
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Paola Sánchez-Cisneros
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Ilse Castro-Salas
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Enya De la Torre-Galván
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | | | - Aida Jiménez-Corona
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- General Directorate of Epidemiology, Health Secretariat, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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12
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Monickaraj F, Acosta G, Cabrera AP, Das A. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Chemokine CXCL1 as a Mediator for Neutrophil Recruitment Associated With Blood-Retinal Barrier Alteration in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2023; 72:781-794. [PMID: 36930735 PMCID: PMC10202768 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). To precisely define the inflammatory mediators, we examined the transcriptomic profile of human retinal endothelial cells exposed to advanced glycation end products, which revealed the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine CXCL1 as one of the top genes upregulated. The effect of neutrophils in the alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was further assessed in wild-type C57BL/6J mice intravitreally injected with recombinant CXCL1 as well as in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Both intravitreally CXCL1-injected and diabetic animals showed significantly increased retinal vascular permeability, with significant increase in infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes in retinas and increased expression of chemokines and their receptors, proteases, and adhesion molecules. Treatment with Ly6G antibody for neutrophil depletion in both diabetic mice as well as CXCL1-injected animals showed significantly decreased retinal vascular permeability accompanied by decreased infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes and decreased expression of cytokines and proteases. CXCL1 level was significantly increased in the serum samples of patients with DR compared with samples of those without diabetes. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which the chemokine CXCL1, through neutrophil recruitment, alters the BRB in DR and, thus, serves as a potential novel therapeutic target. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Intravitreal CXCL1 injection and diabetes result in increased retinal vascular permeability with neutrophil and monocyte recruitment. Ly6G antibody treatment for neutrophil depletion in both animal models showed decreased retinal permeability and decreased cytokine expression. CXCL1 is produced by retinal endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. CXCL1 level is significantly increased in serum samples of patients with diabetic retinopathy. CXCL1, through neutrophil recruitment, alters the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy and, thus, may be used as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny Monickaraj
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Gabriella Acosta
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Andrea P. Cabrera
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Arup Das
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM
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13
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Navneet S, Brandon C, Simpson K, Rohrer B. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Elastase Inhibition in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Mouse and Human. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091308. [PMID: 37174708 PMCID: PMC10177483 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein elastin has been linked to AMD pathology. Elastin is a critical component of Bruch's membrane (BrM), an ECM layer that separates the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the underlying choriocapillaris. Reduced integrity of BrM's elastin layer corresponds to areas of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in wet AMD. Serum levels of elastin-derived peptides and anti-elastin antibodies are significantly elevated in AMD patients along with the prevalence of polymorphisms of genes regulating elastin turnover. Despite these results indicating significant associations between abnormal elastin turnover and AMD, very little is known about its exact role in AMD pathogenesis. Here we report on results that suggest that elastase enzymes could play a direct role in the pathogenesis of AMD. We found significantly increased elastase activity in the retinas and RPE cells of AMD mouse models, and AMD patient-iPSC-derived RPE cells. A1AT, a protease inhibitor that inactivates elastase, reduced CNV lesion sizes in mouse models. A1AT completely inhibited elastase-induced VEGFA expression and secretion, and restored RPE monolayer integrity in ARPE-19 monolayers. A1AT also mitigated RPE thickening, an early AMD phenotype, in HTRA1 overexpressing mice, HTRA1 being a serine protease with elastase activity. Finally, in an exploratory study, examining archival records from large patient data sets, we identified an association between A1AT use, age and AMD risk. Our results suggest that repurposing A1AT may have therapeutic potential in modifying the progression to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carlene Brandon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kit Simpson
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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14
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Saadane A, Veenstra AA, Minns MS, Tang J, Du Y, Abubakr Elghazali F, Lessieur EM, Pearlman E, Kern TS. CCR2-positive monocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of early diabetic retinopathy in mice. Diabetologia 2023; 66:590-602. [PMID: 36698021 PMCID: PMC9892100 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Accumulating evidence suggests that leucocytes play a critical role in diabetes-induced vascular lesions and other abnormalities that characterise the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. However, the role of monocytes has yet to be fully investigated; therefore, we used Ccr2-/- mice to study the role of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries. METHODS Experimental diabetes was induced in wild-type and Ccr2-/- mice using streptozotocin. After 2 months, superoxide levels, expression of inflammatory genes, leucostasis, leucocyte- and monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against retinal endothelial cell death, retinal thickness and visual function were evaluated. Retinal capillary degeneration was determined after 8 months of diabetes. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood for differential expression of CCR2 in monocytes was assessed. RESULTS In nondiabetic mice, CCR2 was highly expressed on monocytes, and Ccr2-/- mice lack CCR2+ monocytes in the peripheral blood. Diabetes-induced retinal superoxide, expression of proinflammatory genes Inos and Icam1, leucostasis and leucocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against retinal endothelial cells were inhibited in diabetic Ccr2-deficient mice and in chimeric mice lacking Ccr2 only from myeloid cells. In order to focus on monocytes, these cells were immuno-isolated after 2 months of diabetes, and they significantly increased monocyte-mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity ex vivo. Monocytes from Ccr2-deficient mice caused significantly less endothelial cell death. The diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration was inhibited in Ccr2-/- mice and in chimeric mice lacking Ccr2 only from myeloid cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of early lesions of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Saadane
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | | | - Martin S Minns
- Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Emma M Lessieur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach, CA, USA
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15
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Malek G, Campisi J, Kitazawa K, Webster C, Lakkaraju A, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Does senescence play a role in age-related macular degeneration? Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109254. [PMID: 36150544 PMCID: PMC10032649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is the most established risk factor for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the elderly, in Western and developed countries. Similarly, after middle age, there is an exponential increase in pathologic molecular and cellular events that can induce senescence, traditionally defined as an irreversible loss of the cells' ability to divide and most recently reported to also occur in select post-mitotic and terminally differentiated cells, such as neurons. Together these facts raise the question as to whether or not cellular senescence, may play a role in the development of AMD. A number of studies have reported the effect of ocular-relevant inducers of senescence using primarily in vitro models of poorly polarized, actively dividing retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell lines. However, in interpretating the data, the fidelity of these culture models to the RPE in vivo, must be considered. Fewer studies have explored the presence and/or impact of senescent cells in in vivo models that present with phenotypic features of AMD, leaving this an open field for further investigation. The goal of this review is to discuss current thoughts on the potential role of senescence in AMD development and progression, with consideration of the model systems used and their relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Koji Kitazawa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Corey Webster
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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16
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Liu H, Stepicheva NA, Ghosh S, Shang P, Chowdhury O, Daley RA, Yazdankhah M, Gupta U, Hose SL, Valapala M, Fitting CS, Strizhakova A, Shan Y, Feenstra D, Sahel JA, Jayagopal A, Handa JT, Zigler JS, Fort PE, Sodhi A, Sinha D. Reducing Akt2 in retinal pigment epithelial cells causes a compensatory increase in Akt1 and attenuates diabetic retinopathy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6045. [PMID: 36229454 PMCID: PMC9561713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Here we set out to explore the role of Akt2 signaling-integral to both RPE homeostasis and glucose metabolism-to DR. Using human tissue and genetically manipulated mice (including RPE-specific conditional knockout (cKO) and knock-in (KI) mice), we investigate whether Akts in the RPE influences DR in models of diabetic eye disease. We found that Akt1 and Akt2 activities were reciprocally regulated in the RPE of DR donor tissue and diabetic mice. Akt2 cKO attenuated diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities through a compensatory upregulation of phospho-Akt1 leading to an inhibition of vascular injury, inflammatory cytokine release, and infiltration of immune cells mediated by the GSK3β/NF-κB signaling pathway; overexpression of Akt2 has no effect. We propose that targeting Akt1 activity in the RPE may be a novel therapy for treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Nadezda A. Stepicheva
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Peng Shang
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.280881.b0000 0001 0097 5623Present Address: Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Olivia Chowdhury
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Rachel A. Daley
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.443945.b0000 0004 0566 7998Present Address: Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | - Urvi Gupta
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Stacey L. Hose
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mallika Valapala
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XSchool of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Christopher Scott Fitting
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Anastasia Strizhakova
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Yang Shan
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Derrick Feenstra
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - James T. Handa
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Patrice E. Fort
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Navneet S, Rohrer B. Elastin turnover in ocular diseases: A special focus on age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109164. [PMID: 35798060 PMCID: PMC9795808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its turnover play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Elastin, a critical protein component of the ECM, not only provides structural and mechanical support to tissues, but also mediates several intracellular and extracellular molecular signaling pathways. Abnormal turnover of elastin has pathological implications. In the eye elastin is a major structural component of Bruch's membrane (BrM), a critical ECM structure separating the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the choriocapillaris. Reduced integrity of macular BrM elastin, increased serum levels of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), and elevated elastin antibodies have been reported in AMD. Existing reports suggest that elastases, the elastin-degrading enzymes secreted by RPE, infiltrating macrophages or neutrophils could be involved in BrM elastin degradation, thus contributing to AMD pathogenesis. EDPs derived from elastin degradation can increase inflammatory and angiogenic responses in tissues, and the elastin antibodies are shown to play roles in immune cell activity and complement activation. This review summarizes our current understanding on the elastases/elastin fragments-mediated mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
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18
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Shafqat A, Abdul Rab S, Ammar O, Al Salameh S, Alkhudairi A, Kashir J, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in the complications of diabetes mellitus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:995993. [PMID: 36082273 PMCID: PMC9445264 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.995993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is widely regarded as one of the central tenants underpinning the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. When discussing immunity, the role of neutrophils must be accounted for: neutrophils are the most abundant of the circulating immune cells and are the first to be recruited to sites of inflammation, where they contribute to host defense via phagocytosis, degranulation, and extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of DNA associated with nuclear and cytosolic neutrophil proteins. Although originally reported as an antimicrobial strategy to prevent microbial dissemination, a growing body of evidence has implicated NETs in the pathophysiology of various autoimmune and metabolic disorders. In these disorders, NETs propagate a pathologic inflammatory response with consequent tissue injury and thrombosis. Many diabetic complications—such as stroke, retinopathy, impaired wound healing, and coronary artery disease—involve these mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we discuss laboratory and clinical data informing our understanding of the role of NETs in the development of these complications. NET markers, including myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3, neutrophil elastase, and cell-free double-stranded DNA, can easily be measured in serum or be detected via immunohistochemical/immunocytochemical staining of tissue specimens. Therefore, NET constituents potentially constitute reliable biomarkers for use in the management of diabetic patients. However, no NET-targeting drug is currently approved for the treatment of diabetic complications; a candidate drug will require the outcomes of well-designed, robust clinical trials assessing whether NET inhibition can benefit patients in terms of morbidity, quality of life, health expenditures, and mortality. Therefore, much work remains to be done in translating these encouraging pieces of data into clinical trials for NET-targeting medications to be used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Areez Shafqat
| | | | - Osama Ammar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anas Alkhudairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Luo H, Wu P, Chen X, Wang B, Chen G, Su X. Novel insights into the relationship between α-1 anti-trypsin with the pathological development of cardio-metabolic disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109077. [PMID: 35907338 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
According to the previous studies, chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be significantly associated with the pathological development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). On the other hand, auto-immunity process could also facilitate the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus importantly. Concerning on this notion, the anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy is demonstrated to embrace an essential function in those cardio-metabolic disorders in clinical practice. The α-1 anti-trypsin, also named Serpin-A1 and as an acute phase endogenous protein, has been verified to have several modulatory effects such as anti-inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulatory functions. In addition, it is also used for therapeutic strategy of a rare genetic disease caused by the deficiency of α-1 anti-trypsin. Recent emerging evidence has indicated that the serum concentrations of α-1 anti-trypsin levels and its biological activity are significantly changed in those inflammatory and immune related cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is still not elucidated. In the current review, the basic experiments and clinical trials which provided the evidence revealing the potential therapeutic function of the α-1 anti-trypsin in cardio-metabolic disorder diseases were well-summarized. Furthermore, the results which indicated that the α-1 anti-trypsin presented the possibility as a novel serum biomarker in humans to predict those cardio-metabolic disorder diseases were also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the Fuding Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, Fujian, China
| | - Penglong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Fuding Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Zhang X, Ostrov DA, Tian H. Alpha-1 antitrypsin: A novel biomarker and potential therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:71-76. [PMID: 35810800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and autoimmunity contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, its associated diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and type 1 diabetes, respectively. Consequently, anti-inflammatory agents might play a role in managing these immune associated metabolic diseases. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous acute phase protein being used for treatment of AAT deficiency (a rare genetic disease), has multiple functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptosis and cytoprotective effects. In this review, we summarized basic and clinical studies that reported potential therapeutic role of AAT in metabolic syndrome associated diseases and type 1 diabetes. Studies that demonstrated AAT had the possibility to be used as a novel biomarker to predict these immune associated metabolic diseases were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - David A Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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21
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Zhang Z, Xie J, Shan N, Wang H, Hu B, Wang J, Zhang H, Ma C. Discovery of the specific inhibitory effect of thiamphenicol on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice through virtual screening and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Magiera A, Czerwińska ME, Owczarek A, Marchelak A, Granica S, Olszewska MA. Polyphenols and Maillard Reaction Products in Dried Prunus spinosa Fruits: Quality Aspects and Contribution to Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity in Human Immune Cells Ex Vivo. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103302. [PMID: 35630778 PMCID: PMC9143125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dried Prunus spinosa fruits (sloes) are folk phytotherapeutics applied to treat chronic inflammatory disorders. However, their pharmacological potential, activity vectors, and drying-related changes in bioactive components remain unexplored. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of dried sloes in ex vivo models of human neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and establish their main active components. It was revealed that the fruit extracts significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory burst, downregulated the production of elastase (ELA-2) and TNF-α, and upregulated the IL-10 secretion by immune cells under pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant stimulation. The slightly reduced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was also observed. The structural identification of active compounds, including 45 phenolics and three Maillard reaction products (MRPs) which were formed during drying, was performed by an integrated approach combining LC-MS/MS, preparative HPLC isolation, and NMR studies. The cellular tests of four isolated model compounds (chlorogenic acid, quercetin, procyanidin B2, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), supported by statistical correlation studies, revealed a significant polyphenolic contribution and a slight impact of MRPs on the extracts’ effects. Moreover, a substantial synergy was observed for phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed proanthocyanidins, and MPRs. These results might support the phytotherapeutic use of dried P. spinosa fruits to relieve inflammation and establish the quality control procedure for the extracts prepared thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Magiera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (A.O.); (A.M.); (M.A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-503-316-997
| | - Monika Ewa Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (A.O.); (A.M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Anna Marchelak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (A.O.); (A.M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (A.O.); (A.M.); (M.A.O.)
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23
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Zhong H, Sun X. Contribution of Interleukin-17A to Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847937. [PMID: 35392087 PMCID: PMC8980477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of vision loss and blindness throughout the world, characterized by chronic and progressive loss of neurons and/or myelin. One of the common features of retinal degenerative diseases and central neurodegenerative diseases is chronic neuroinflammation. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the cytokine most closely related to disease in its family. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-17A plays a key role in human retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of IL-17A participating in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, which may open new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Martínez-Alberquilla I, Gasull X, Pérez-Luna P, Seco-Mera R, Ruiz-Alcocer J, Crooke A. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap components: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for age-related eye diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101553. [PMID: 34971794 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related eye diseases, including dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, represent a major global health issue based on their increasing prevalence and disabling action. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases will provide novel opportunities to reduce the burden of age-related eye diseases and improve eye health, contributing to sustainable development goals achievement. The impairment of neutrophil extracellular traps formation/degradation processes seems to be one of these mechanisms. These traps formed by a meshwork of DNA and neutrophil cytosolic granule proteins may exacerbate the inflammatory response promoting chronic inflammation, a pivotal cause of age-related diseases. In this review, we describe current findings that suggest the role of neutrophils and their traps in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related eye diseases. Furthermore, we discuss why these cells and their constituents could be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. We also examine the therapeutic potential of some neutrophil function modulators and provide several recommendations for future research in age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez-Alberquilla
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Medical School, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Luna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Seco-Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Alcocer
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Mechanism of the switch from NO to H 2O 2 in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in diabetes. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:2. [PMID: 35024970 PMCID: PMC8886611 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction is prevalent among people with diabetes and is correlated with cardiac mortality. Compromised endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD) is an early event in the progression of diabetes, but its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Nitric oxide (NO) is the major endothelium-dependent vasodilatory metabolite in the healthy coronary circulation, but this switches to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Because diabetes is a significant risk factor for CAD, we hypothesized that a similar NO-to-H2O2 switch would occur in diabetes. Vasodilation was measured ex vivo in isolated coronary arteries from wild type (WT) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) null mice on a chow or high-fat/high-sugar diet, and B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J (db/db) mice using myography. Myocardial blood flow (MBF), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured in vivo using contrast echocardiography and a solid-state pressure sensor catheter. RNA from coronary arteries, endothelial cells, and cardiac tissues was analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR for gene expression, and cardiac protein expression was assessed via western blot analyses. Superoxide was detected via electron paramagnetic resonance. (1) Ex vivo coronary EDD and in vivo MBF were impaired in diabetic mice. (2) Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), inhibited ex vivo coronary EDD and in vivo MBF in WT. In contrast, polyethylene glycol-catalase, an H2O2 scavenger (Peg-Cat), inhibited diabetic mouse EDD ex vivo and MBF in vivo. (3) miR-21 was upregulated in diabetic mouse endothelial cells, and the deficiency of miR-21 prevented the NO-to-H2O2 switch and ameliorated diabetic mouse vasodilation impairments. (4) Diabetic mice displayed increased serum NO and H2O2, upregulated mRNA expression of Sod1, Sod2, iNos, and Cav1, and downregulated Pgc-1α in coronary arteries, but the deficiency of miR-21 reversed these changes. (5) miR-21-deficient mice exhibited increased cardiac PGC-1α, PPARα and eNOS protein and reduced endothelial superoxide. (6) Inhibition of PGC-1α changed the mRNA expression of genes regulated by miR-21, and overexpression of PGC-1α decreased the expression of miR-21 in high (25.5 mM) glucose treated coronary endothelial cells. Diabetic mice exhibit a NO-to-H2O2 switch in the mediator of coronary EDD, which contributes to microvascular dysfunction and is mediated by miR-21. This study represents the first mouse model recapitulating the NO-to-H2O2 switch seen in CAD patients in diabetes.
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26
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Burster T, Mustafa Z, Myrzakhmetova D, Zhanapiya A, Zimecki M. Hindrance of the Proteolytic Activity of Neutrophil-Derived Serine Proteases by Serine Protease Inhibitors as a Management of Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Inflammation. Front Chem 2021; 9:784003. [PMID: 34869231 PMCID: PMC8634265 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.784003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation neutrophils become activated and segregate neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) to the surrounding environment in order to support a natural immune defense. However, an excess of proteolytic activity of NSPs can cause many complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders, which will be elucidated on a biochemical and immunological level. The application of selective serine protease inhibitors is the logical consequence in the management of the indicated comorbidities and will be summarized in this briefing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhadyra Mustafa
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Myrzakhmetova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anuar Zhanapiya
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Michal Zimecki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kern TS, Du Y, Tang J, Lee CA, Liu H, Dreffs A, Leinonen H, Antonetti DA, Palczewski K. Regulation of Adrenergic, Serotonin, and Dopamine Receptors to Inhibit Diabetic Retinopathy: Monotherapies versus Combination Therapies. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:470-479. [PMID: 34393108 PMCID: PMC9175131 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared monotherapies and combinations of therapies that regulate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with respect to their abilities to inhibit early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Metoprolol (MTP; 0.04-1.0 mg/kg b.wt./day), bromocriptine (BRM; 0.01-0.1 mg/kg b.wt./day), doxazosin (DOX; 0.01-1.0 mg/kg b.wt./day), or tamsulosin (TAM; 0.05-0.25 mg/kg b.wt./day) were injected individually daily for 2 months in dose-response studies to assess their effects on the diabetes-induced increases in retinal superoxide and leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against vascular endothelial cells, both of which abnormalities have been implicated in the development of DR. Each of the individual drugs inhibited the diabetes-induced increase in retinal superoxide at the higher concentrations tested, but the inhibition was lost at lower doses. To determine whether combination therapies had superior effects over individual drugs, we intentionally selected for each drug a low dose that had little or no effect on the diabetes-induced retinal superoxide for use separately or in combinations in 8-month studies of retinal function, vascular permeability, and capillary degeneration in diabetes. At the low doses used, combinations of the drugs generally were more effective than individual drugs, but the low-dose MTP alone totally inhibited diabetes-induced reduction in a vision task, BRM or DOX alone totally inhibited the vascular permeability defect, and DOX alone totally inhibited diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries. Although low-dose MTP, BRM, DOX, or TAM individually had beneficial effects on some endpoints, combination of the therapies better inhibited the spectrum of DR lesions evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The pathogenesis of early stages of diabetic retinopathy remains incompletely understood, but multiple different cell types are believed to be involved in the pathogenic process. We have compared the effects of monotherapies to those of combinations of drugs that regulate GPCR signaling pathways with respect to their relative abilities to inhibit the development of early diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Chieh Allen Lee
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Haitao Liu
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Alyssa Dreffs
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Henri Leinonen
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - David A Antonetti
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
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Nakada-Tsukui K, Nozaki T. Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112975. [PMID: 34831198 PMCID: PMC8616307 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the "cross-dressing" between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as Trichomonas, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.N.-T.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-3-5285-1111 (K.N.-T.); +81-3-5841-3526 (T.N.)
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.N.-T.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-3-5285-1111 (K.N.-T.); +81-3-5841-3526 (T.N.)
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Transthyretin and retinol-binding protein as discriminators of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:1041-1049. [PMID: 34718910 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is still a major reason for blindness. Transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) are thought to be related to the pathogenesis both in T2DM and T1DM. We aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of TTR, RBP, RBP/TTR ratio, and DR. METHODS This retrospective study involved 188 T1DM inpatients divided into two groups: patients with DR (n = 95) and patients without DR (n = 93). Data of serum levels on lipids and inflammation were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to research the association between TTR, RBP, RBP/TTR, and diabetic retinopathy in T1DM. RESULTS Compared with patients without DR, those with DR have a higher level of TTR (207 versus 195 mg/L, p = 0.034) and RBP4 (36.85 versus 25.68 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed between two groups with respect to body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, apolipoprotein B (APOB), leucocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and uric acid (p < 0.05 for all). TTR, RBP, and RBP/TTR were positively correlated with BP, BMI, TG, LDL, homocysteine, APOB, and uric acid. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed individuals with RBP4 level in the highest quartile had 58.95 times higher risk of developing diabetic retinopathy than those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TTR, RBP, and RBP/TTR ratio are risk factors of DR in T1DM. They are potential markers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of DR.
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Zhao F, Gao X, Ge X, Cui J, Liu X. Cyanidin-3-o-glucoside (C3G) inhibits vascular leakage regulated by microglial activation in early diabetic retinopathy and neovascularization in advanced diabetic retinopathy. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9266-9278. [PMID: 34699316 PMCID: PMC8810139 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a kind of anthocyanin which shows strong anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant properties. This paper was designed to explore the potential effects of C3G on diabetic retinopathy (DR). C57BL/6 mice were administrated with streptozotocin (STZ) or vehicle control for the establishment of diabetic models. To simulate hyperglycemia and hypoxia, D-glucose (30 mM) and CoCl2 (200 μm/l) were utilized to treat HRECs, respectively. The migration, invasion, inflammation and tube formation abilities of cells were evaluated with the adoption of wound healing, transwell, ELISA and tube formation assays, respectively. Besides, immunofluorescence staining was utilized to detect proliferation and retinal vessels. Evans blue permeation assay were performed to evaluate the vascular leakage in DR mice. Moreover, western blot and qPCR were used to quantify the mRNA and protein expressions of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)-1 and tight junction proteins. Results showed that C3G alleviated the inflammation, microglial activation and angiogenesis in DR mice. Moreover, the proliferation and inflammation of BV2 cells induced by high glucose (HG) were suppressed by C3G. Evans blue permeation assay demonstrated the potency of C3G in attenuating vascular leakage. In addition, C3G suppressed the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) DR model in vitro.By confirming the role of C3G in inhibiting vascular leakage regulated by microglia activation in early DR and angiogenesis in advanced DR, this study pointed out the potential of C3G as a therapeutic drug for DR management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Zhao
- Faculty of Medicine, Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - XiaoJuan Ge
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
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Lessieur EM, Liu H, Saadane A, Du Y, Tang J, Kiser J, Kern TS. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Early Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:7. [PMID: 34643662 PMCID: PMC8525836 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies indicate that leukocytes, notably neutrophils, play a causal role in the capillary degeneration observed in diabetic retinopathy (DR), however, the mechanism by which they cause such degeneration is unknown. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a protease released by neutrophils which participates in a variety of inflammatory diseases. In the present work, we investigated the potential involvement of NE in the development of early DR. Methods Experimental diabetes was induced in NE-deficient mice (Elane-/-), in mice treated daily with the NE inhibitor, sivelestat, and in mice overexpressing human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT+). Mice were assessed for diabetes-induced retinal superoxide generation, inflammation, leukostasis, and capillary degeneration. Results In mice diabetic for 2 months, deletion of NE or selective inhibition of NE inhibited diabetes-induced retinal superoxide levels and inflammation, and inhibited leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of retinal endothelial cells. In mice diabetic for 8 months, genetic deletion of NE significantly inhibited diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration. Conclusions These results suggest that a protease released from neutrophils contributes to the development of DR, and that blocking NE activity could be a novel therapy to inhibit DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Lessieur
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Aicha Saadane
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jianying Kiser
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California, United States.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach, California, United States
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Ghosh S, Liu H, Yazdankhah M, Stepicheva N, Shang P, Vaidya T, Hose S, Gupta U, Calderon MJ, Hu MW, Nair AP, Weiss J, Fitting CS, Bhutto IA, Gadde SGK, Naik NK, Jaydev C, Lutty GA, Handa JT, Jayagopal A, Qian J, Sahel JA, Rajasundaram D, Sergeev Y, Zigler JS, Sethu S, Watkins S, Ghosh A, Sinha D. βA1-crystallin regulates glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in mouse retinal astrocytes by modulating PTP1B activity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:248. [PMID: 33627831 PMCID: PMC7904954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
βA3/A1-crystallin, a lens protein that is also expressed in astrocytes, is produced as βA3 and βA1-crystallin isoforms by leaky ribosomal scanning. In a previous human proteome high-throughput array, we found that βA3/A1-crystallin interacts with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key regulator of glucose metabolism. This prompted us to explore possible roles of βA3/A1-crystallin in metabolism of retinal astrocytes. We found that βA1-crystallin acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor of PTP1B, but βA3-crystallin does not. Loss of βA1-crystallin in astrocytes triggers metabolic abnormalities and inflammation. In CRISPR/cas9 gene-edited βA1-knockdown (KD) mice, but not in βA3-knockout (KO) mice, the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy (DR)-like phenotype is exacerbated. Here, we have identified βA1-crystallin as a regulator of PTP1B; loss of this regulation may be a new mechanism by which astrocytes contribute to DR. Interestingly, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients showed reduced βA1-crystallin and higher levels of PTP1B in the vitreous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Urvi Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Joseph Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ming-Wen Hu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Fitting
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imran A Bhutto
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Naik
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chaitra Jaydev
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerard A Lutty
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jiang Qian
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri Sergeev
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Samuel Zigler
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Mrugacz M, Bryl A, Zorena K. Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Neuroretinal Degeneration in Diabetic Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030458. [PMID: 33504108 PMCID: PMC7866162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a vital societal problem as epidemiological studies demonstrate the increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lesions observed in the retina in the course of diabetes, referred to as diabetic retinopathy (DR), are caused by vascular abnormalities and are ischemic in nature. Vascular lesions in diabetes pertain to small vessels (microangiopathy) and involve precapillary arterioles, capillaries and small veins. Pericyte loss, thickening of the basement membrane, and damage and proliferation of endothelial cells are observed. Endothelial cells (monolayer squamous epithelium) form the smooth internal vascular lining indispensable for normal blood flow. Breaking its continuity initiates blood coagulation at that site. The endothelium controls the process of exchange of chemical substances (nutritional, regulatory, waste products) between blood and the retina, and blood cell passing through the vascular wall. Endothelial cells produce biologically active substances involved in blood coagulation, regulating vascular wall tension and stimulating neoangiogenesis. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy may be not only a microvascular disease, but is a result of neuroretinal degeneration. Neuroretinal degeneration appears structurally, as neural apoptosis of amacrine and Muller cells, reactive gliosis, ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform (GCL) thickness, retinal thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and a reduction of the neuroretinal rim in minimum rim width (MRW) and functionally as an abnormal electroretinogram (ERG), dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and microperimetric test. The findings in early stages of diabetic retinopathy may precede microvascular changes of this disease. Furthermore, the article's objective is to characterize the factors and mechanisms conducive to microvascular changes and neuroretinal apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Only when all the measures preventing vascular dysfunction are determined will the risk of complications in the course of diabetes be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 18-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Chen J, Zhu Z, Li Q, Lin Y, Dang E, Meng H, Sha N, Bai H, Wang G, An S, Shao S. Neutrophils Enhance Cutaneous Vascular Dilation and Permeability to Aggravate Psoriasis by Releasing Matrix Metallopeptidase 9. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:787-799. [PMID: 32888954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration and papillary vessel dilation are hallmarks of the initiation phase of psoriatic lesions. However, how neutrophils aggravate psoriasis development during transendothelial migration and the interaction between neutrophils and cutaneous vascular endothelial cells are less well-understood. In this study, we reported that neutrophils and cutaneous vascular endothelial cells activated each other when neutrophils migrated through the cutaneous endothelial barrier. In addition, neutrophil infiltration into skin lesions caused vascular remodeling including cutaneous vasodilation and enhanced vascular permeability in vivo and in vitro. Microarray gene profile data showed that matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 was overexpressed in psoriatic neutrophils, and zymography assay further validated the bioactivity of MMP-9 secreted by psoriatic neutrophils. Moreover, MMP-9 activated vascular endothelial cells through the extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 and p38-MAPK signaling pathways, enhancing CD4+ T-cell transmigration in vitro. Correspondingly, an MMP-9 inhibitor significantly reduced cutaneous vasodilation, vascular permeability, and psoriatic symptoms in an imiquimod- or IL-23‒induced psoriasiform mouse model. Overall, our study demonstrates that neutrophil-derived MMP-9 induces cutaneous vasodilation and hyperpermeability by activating cutaneous vascular endothelial cells, thus facilitating psoriatic lesion development, which increases our knowledge on the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of General Diagnosis and Treatment, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanxi Sha
- Department of General Diagnosis and Treatment, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of General Diagnosis and Treatment, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shujie An
- Department of General Diagnosis and Treatment, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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