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Augis L, Nerbø Reiten I, Førde JL, Casas-Solvas JM, Sizun C, Bizien T, Rajkovic I, Larquet E, Michelet A, Collot M, Lesieur S, Herfindal L, Legrand FX. Development of nanoparticles based on amphiphilic cyclodextrins for the delivery of active substances. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123723. [PMID: 38110013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Although amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivatives (ACDs) serve as valuable building blocks for nanomedicine formulations, their widespread production still encounters various challenges, limiting large-scale manufacturing. This work focuses on a robust alternative pathway using mineral base catalysis to transesterify β-cyclodextrin with long-chain vinyl esters, yielding ACD with modular and controlled hydrocarbon chain grafting. ACDs with a wide range of degrees of substitution (DS) were reliably synthesized, as indicated by extensive physicochemical characterization, including MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The influence of various factors, including the type of catalyst and the length of the hydrocarbon moiety of the vinyl ester, was studied in detail. ACDs were assessed for their ability to form colloidal suspensions by nanoprecipitation, with or without PEGylated phospholipid. Small-angle X-ray scattering and cryo-electron microscopy revealed the formation of nanoparticles with distinct ultrastructures depending on the DS: an onion-like structure for low and very high DS, and reversed hexagonal organization for DS between 4.5 and 6.1. We confirmed the furtivity of the PEGylated versions of the nanoparticles through complement activation experiments and that they were well tolerated in-vivo on a zebrafish larvae model after intravenous injection. Furthermore, a biodistribution experiment showed that the nanoparticles left the bloodstream within 10 h after injection and were phagocytosed by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Augis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ingeborg Nerbø Reiten
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan-Lukas Førde
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Juan M Casas-Solvas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Christina Sizun
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Bizien
- Université Paris-Saclay, Synchrotron Soleil, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Ivan Rajkovic
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Eric Larquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Alexandre Michelet
- Applications Development Lab France, PerkinElmer, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | - Sylviane Lesieur
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Lin YC, Gau TS, Jiang ZH, Chen KY, Tsai YT, Lin KY, Tung HN, Chang FC. Targeted therapy in glomerular diseases. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:149-158. [PMID: 37442744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy has emerged as a more precise approach to treat glomerular diseases, focusing on specific molecular or cellular processes that contribute to disease development or progression. This approach complements or replaces traditional immunosuppressive therapy, optimizes supportive care, and provides a more personalized treatment strategy. In this review, we summarize the evolving understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in immune-mediated glomerular diseases and the developing targeted therapies based on these mechanisms. We begin by discussing pan-B-cell depletion, anti-CD20 rituximab, and targeting B-cell survival signaling through the BAFF/APRIL pathway. We also exam specific plasma cell depletion with anti-CD38 antibody. We then shift our focus to complement activation in glomerular diseases, which is involved in antibody-mediated glomerular diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and lupus nephritis. Non-antibody-mediated complement activation occurs in glomerular diseases, including C3 glomerulopathy, complement-mediated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We discuss specific inhibition of terminal, lectin, and alternative pathways in different glomerular diseases. Finally, we summarize current clinical trials targeting the final pathways of various glomerular diseases, including kidney fibrosis. We conclude that targeted therapy based on individualized pathogenesis should be the future of treating glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chan Lin
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Shiuan Gau
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Hong Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ning Tung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chi Chang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yang M, Zhang Z, Jin P, Jiang K, Xu Y, Pan F, Tian K, Yuan Z, Liu XE, Fu J, Wang B, Yan H, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Effects of PEG antibodies on in vivo performance of LNP-mRNA vaccines. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123695. [PMID: 38081560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) plays important roles in stabilizing and lengthening circulation time of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines. Nowadays various levels of PEG antibodies have been detected in human blood, but the impact and mechanism of PEG antibodies on the in vivo performance of LNP vaccines has not been clarified thoroughly. By illustrating the distribution characteristics of PEG antibodies in human, the present study focused on the influence of PEG antibodies on the safety and efficacy of LNP-mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 in animal models. It was found that PEG antibodies led to shortened blood circulation duration, elevated accumulation and mRNA expression in liver and spleen, enhanced expression in macrophage and dendritic cells, while without affecting the production of anti-Spike protein antibodies of COVID-19 LNP vaccine. Noteworthily, PEG antibodies binding on the LNP vaccine increased probability of complement activation in animal as well as in human serum and led to lethal side effect in large dosage via intravenous injection of mice. Our data suggested that PEG antibodies in human was a risky factor of LNP-based vaccines for biosafety concerns but not efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Chronic Disease Management, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, PR China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Kaisong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | | | - Jiaru Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Huafang Yan
- Department of Health Management, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, PR China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Zui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Ma YJ, Parente R, Zhong H, Sun Y, Garlanda C, Doni A. Complement-pentraxins synergy: Navigating the immune battlefield and beyond. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115878. [PMID: 37952357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement is a crucial immune defense system that triggers rapid immune responses and offers efficient protection against foreign invaders and unwanted host elements, acting as a sentinel. Activation of the complement system occurs upon the recognition of pathogenic microorganisms or altered self-cells by pattern-recognition molecules (PRMs) such as C1q, collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins. Recent accumulating evidence shows that pentraxins establish a cooperative network with different classes of effector PRMs, resulting in synergistic effects in complement activation. This review describes the complex interaction of pentraxins with the complement system and the implications of this cooperative network for effective host defense during pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Ma
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | | | - Hang Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Reed RM, Whyte MB, Goff LM. Cardiometabolic disease in Black African and Caribbean populations: an ethnic divergence in pathophysiology? Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38230432 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the UK, populations of Black African and Caribbean (BAC) ethnicity suffer higher rates of cardiometabolic disease than White Europeans (WE). Obesity, leading to increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL), has long been associated with cardiometabolic risk, driving insulin resistance and defective fatty acid/lipoprotein metabolism. These defects are compounded by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by dysfunctional adipose tissue. Emerging evidence has highlighted associations between central complement system components and adipose tissue, fatty acid metabolism and inflammation; it may therefore sit at the intersection of various cardiometabolic disease risk factors. However, increasing evidence suggests an ethnic divergence in pathophysiology, whereby current theories fail to explain the high rates of cardiometabolic disease in BAC populations. Lower fasting and postprandial TAG has been reported in BAC, alongside lower VAT and IHL deposition, which are paradoxical to the high rates of cardiometabolic disease exhibited by this ethnic group. Furthermore, BAC have been shown to exhibit a more anti-inflammatory profile, with lower TNF-α and greater IL-10. In contrast, recent evidence has revealed greater complement activation in BAC compared to WE, suggesting its dysregulation may play a greater role in the high rates of cardiometabolic disease experienced by this population. This review outlines the current theories of how obesity is proposed to drive cardiometabolic disease, before discussing evidence for ethnic differences in disease pathophysiology between BAC and WE populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben M Reed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Martin B Whyte
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Louise M Goff
- Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Barbey C, Wolf H, Wagner R, Pauly D, Breunig M. A shift of paradigm: From avoiding nanoparticular complement activation in the field of nanomedicines to its exploitation in the context of vaccine development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:119-128. [PMID: 37838145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays a central role in our innate immunity to fight pathogenic microorganisms, foreign and altered cells, or any modified molecule. Consequences of complement activation include cell lysis, release of histamines, and opsonization of foreign structures in preparation for phagocytosis. Because nanoparticles interact with the immune system in various ways and can massively activate the complement system due to their virus-mimetic size and foreign texture, detrimental side effects have been described after administration like pro-inflammatory responses, inflammation, mild to severe anaphylactic crisis and potentially complement activated-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). Therefore, application of nanotherapeutics has sometimes been observed with restraint, and avoiding or even suppressing complement activation has been of utmost priority. In contrast, in the field of vaccine development, particularly protein-based immunogens that are attached to the surface of nanoparticles, may profit from complement activation regarding breadth and potency of immune response. Improved transport to the regional lymph nodes, enhanced antigen uptake and presentation, as well as beneficial effects on immune cells like B-, T- and follicular dendritic cells may be exploited by strategic nanoparticle design aimed to activate the complement system. However, a shift of paradigm regarding complement activation by nanoparticular vaccines can only be achieved if these beneficial effects are accurately elicited and overshooting effects avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Wolf
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diana Pauly
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Xia J, Chen C, Dong M, Zhu Y, Wang A, Li S, Zhang R, Feng C, Jiang X, Xu X, Wang J. Ginsenoside Rg3 endows liposomes with prolonged blood circulation and reduced accelerated blood clearance. J Control Release 2023; 364:23-36. [PMID: 37863358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated cholesterol-containing liposomes (Chol-PEG-lipo) have been widely used as a drug carrier for their good stealth property in blood circulation where cholesterol maintains the stability of the liposomal lipid bilayer and PEGylation endows liposomes with long circulation capability. However, cholesterol-related disadvantages and the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon caused by PEGylation greatly limit the application of conventional stealth liposomes in clinic. Herein, ginsenoside Rg3 was selected to substitute cholesterol and PEG for liposomes preparation (Rg3-lipo). Rg3 was proved with similar liposomal membrane regulation ability to cholesterol and comparable long circulation effect to PEG. In addition, repeated administrations of Chol-PEG-lipo and Rg3-lipo were performed. The circulation time of the second dose of Chol-PEG-lipo was substantially reduced accompanied by a greatly increased accumulation in the liver due to the induction of anti-PEG IgM and the subsequent activated complement system. In contrast, no significantly increased level of relative plasma cells, IgM secretion and the complement activation in blood circulation was observed after the second injection of Rg3-lipo. As a result, Rg3-lipo showed great stealth property without ABC phenomenon. Therefore, developing liposomes utilizing Rg3 instead of PEG and cholesterol presents a promising strategy to prolong the blood circulation time of liposomes without triggering the ABC phenomenon and activated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meichen Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anni Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunbo Feng
- R&D Center, Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xinnan Jiang
- R&D Center, Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xinchun Xu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Xuhui Hospital attached to Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Li LL, Luan ZQ, Tan Y, Wang H, Yu XJ, Qu Z, Yu F, Chen M. Anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibodies could delay pristane-induced lupus nephritis. Immunol Res 2023; 71:849-859. [PMID: 37322353 PMCID: PMC10667379 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibodies could be detected in lupus and its significance remained to be elucidated. Herein, we aimed to explore the roles of anti-CFH autoantibodies based on pristane-induced lupus mice. METHODS Twenty-four female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups, with one group injected with pristane (pristane group), one group with pristane and then human CFH (hCFH) (pristane-CFH group) 3 times, and the other two as vertical controls, PBS group and PBS-CFH group. Histopathological analysis was performed six months after pristane administration. Levels of hCFH, anti-CFH autoantibodies and anti-dsDNA antibody were detected. Murine IgG (mIgG) were purified and cross-reactivity, epitopes, subclasses and functional analysis were further evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Immunization with hCFH and subsequent development of anti-CFH autoantibodies significantly attenuated nephritis of pristane-induced lupus, including lower levels of urinary protein and serum creatinine, decreased levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibody, greatly ameliorated renal histopathologic damage, decreased IgG, complements (C1q, C3) deposits and lower inflammatory factor (IL-6) expression in glomerulus. Furthermore, the purified mIgG (contained anti-CFH autoantibodies) could recognize both hCFH and murine CFH, and the epitopes were predominantly located in hCFH short consensus repeats (SCRs) 1-4, 7 and 11-14. The IgG subclasses were predominant IgG1. The autoantibodies could enhance the binding between hCFH and C3b, and increase factor I mediated-C3b lysis in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that anti-CFH autoantibodies could attenuate pristane-induced lupus nephritis by increasing bio-functions of CFH on regulating complement activation and controlling inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Renal Division, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Luan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ruggeri T, De Wit Y, Schärz N, van Mierlo G, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Brodard J, Schefold JC, Hirzel C, Jongerius I, Zeerleder S. Immunothrombosis and Complement Activation Contribute to Disease Severity and Adverse Outcome in COVID-19. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:850-864. [PMID: 37939687 PMCID: PMC10699833 DOI: 10.1159/000533339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Arterial and venous thrombosis are involved in the pathogenesis of MODS and fatality in COVID-19. There is evidence that complement and neutrophil activation in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps are main drivers for development of microvascular complications in COVID-19. Plasma and serum samples were collected from 83 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the two first waves of COVID-19, before the availability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Samples were collected at enrollment, day 11, and day 28; and patients had differing severity of disease. In this comprehensive study, we measured cell-free DNA, neutrophil activation, deoxyribonuclease I activity, complement activation, and D-dimers in longitudinal samples of COVID-19 patients. We show that all the above markers, except deoxyribonuclease I activity, increased with disease severity. Moreover, we provide evidence that in severe disease there is continued neutrophil and complement activation, as well as D-dimer formation and nucleosome release, whereas in mild and moderate disease all these markers decrease over time. These findings suggest that neutrophil and complement activation are important drivers of microvascular complications and that they reflect immunothrombosis in these patients. Neutrophil activation, complement activation, cell-free DNA, and D-dimer levels have the potential to serve as reliable biomarkers for disease severity and fatality in COVID-19. They might also serve as suitable markers with which to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Ruggeri
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin De Wit
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noëlia Schärz
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Justine Brodard
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Hematology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Lucerne and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Førde JL, Herfindal L, Myhr KM, Torkildsen Ø, Mollnes TE, Skrede S. Ocrelizumab and ofatumumab, but not rituximab, trigger complement induction in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111021. [PMID: 37816262 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical and adverse effects of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and rituximab in multiple sclerosis (MS) are presently subject to extensive study. While the two former are approved for MS, the older and less costly rituximab is used off label, and adverse effect profiles are important in their evaluation. The three mAbs all induce B cell depletion, with complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) as one of several mechanisms of action. Complement activation is also postulated to underlie adverse reactions related to infusion/injection. Such administration-related reactions are associated with all three mAbs, but comparisons have so far been indirect, resting on incidence reports from separate clinical trials. The objective of this study was to perform head-to-head comparison of complement activation by ofatumumab, ocrelizumab and rituximab. In vitro experiments were performed in whole blood from healthy donors. The complement-activating potential of the three mAbs was analyzed after 30 min of exposure to 0.3 mg/mL or 0.9 mg/mL of each drug, and compared with those of the well-known TNF inhibitory mAbs adalimumab and infliximab, the latter with recognized potential for infusion reactions. Ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, and infliximab, but not rituximab and adalimumab, triggered statistically significant complement activation measured as increased levels of terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC), a sensitive marker of such activation. While results demand careful interpretation, they provide an indication of distinct complement-inducing potential among anti-CD20 mAbs currently used to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Lukas Førde
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 71, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 71, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Prinsensgate 164, N-8005 Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, N-0327 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Skrede
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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11
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Bakos T, Kozma GT, Szebeni J, Szénási G. Eculizumab suppresses zymosan-induced release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-2 in autologous serum-substituted PBMC cultures: Relevance to cytokine storm in Covid-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115294. [PMID: 37567071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cytokine storm (CS) is a major contributor to the fatal outcome of severe infectious diseases, including Covid-19. Treatment with the complement (C) C5 inhibitor eculizumab was beneficial in end-stage Covid-19, however, the mechanism of this effect is unknown. To clarify this, we analyzed the relationship between C activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a PBMC model. METHODS Human PBMC with or without 20 % autologous serum was incubated with C3a, C5a, zymosan or zymosan-pre-activated serum (ZAS) for 24 h with or without eculizumab or the C5a receptor antagonist, DF2593A. C activation (sC5b-9) and 9 inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In serum-free unstimulated PBMC only IL-8 release could be measured during incubation. Addition of C5a increased IL-8 secretion only, ZAS induced both IL-2 and IL-8, while zymosan led to significant production of all cytokines, most abundantly IL-8. In the presence of serum the above effects were greatly enhanced, and the zymosan-induced rises of IL-1α, IL-1β IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly attenuated by eculizumab but not by DF2593a. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the complexity of interrelationships between C activation and cytokine secretion under different experimental conditions. The clinically relevant findings include the abundant formation of the chemokine IL-8, which was stimulated by C5a, and the suppression of numerous inflammatory cytokines by eculizumab, which explains its therapeutic efficacy in severe Covid-19. These data strengthen the clinical relevance of the applied PBMC model for drug screening against CS, enabling the separation of complex innate immune cross-talks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Bakos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Szebeni
- SeroScience LTD., Budapest, Hungary; Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary; Department of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miskolc University, Miskolc 2880, Hungary; School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, the Republic of Korea
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Hammer SS, Dorweiler TF, McFarland D, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Mast N, El-Darzi N, Fortmann SD, Nooti S, Agrawal DK, Pikuleva IA, Abela GS, Grant MB, Busik JV. Cholesterol crystal formation is a unifying pathogenic mechanism in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1705-1718. [PMID: 37311879 PMCID: PMC10390399 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hyper-reflective crystalline deposits found in retinal lesions have been suggested to predict the progression of diabetic retinopathy, but the nature of these structures remains unknown. METHODS Scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to identify cholesterol crystals (CCs) in human donor, pig and mouse tissue. The effects of CCs were analysed in bovine retinal endothelial cells in vitro and in db/db mice in vivo using quantitative RT-PCR, bulk RNA sequencing, and cell death and permeability assays. Cholesterol homeostasis was determined using 2H2O and 2H7-cholesterol. RESULTS We identified hyper-reflective crystalline deposits in human diabetic retina as CCs. Similarly, CCs were found in the retina of a diabetic mouse model and a high-cholesterol diet-fed pig model. Cell culture studies demonstrated that treatment of retinal cells with CCs can recapitulate all major pathogenic mechanisms leading to diabetic retinopathy, including inflammation, cell death and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Fibrates, statins and α-cyclodextrin effectively dissolved CCs present in in vitro models of diabetic retinopathy, and prevented CC-induced endothelial pathology. Treatment of a diabetic mouse model with α-cyclodextrin reduced cholesterol levels and CC formation in the retina, and prevented diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We established that cholesterol accumulation and CC formation are a unifying pathogenic mechanism in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Hammer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tim F Dorweiler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Delaney McFarland
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole El-Darzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Seth D Fortmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sunil Nooti
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George S Abela
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Guo C, Yuan H, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Tang X. The interplay between PEGylated nanoparticles and blood immune system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115044. [PMID: 37541623 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have pointed out that the immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) may trigger accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) to PEGylated nanoparticles, which could make PEG modification counterproductive. These phenomena would be detrimental to the efficacy of the load and even life-threatening to patients. Consequently, further elucidation of the interplay between PEGylated nanoparticles and the blood immune system will be beneficial to developing and applying related formulations. Many groups have worked to unveil the relevance of structural factors, dosing schedule, and other factors to the ABC phenomenon and hypersensitivity reaction. Interestingly, the results of some reports seem to be difficult to interpret or contradict with other reports. In this review, we summarize the physiological mechanisms of PEG-specific immune response. Moreover, we speculate on the potential relationship between the induction phase and the effectuation phase to explain the divergent results in published reports. In addition, the role of nanoparticle-associated factors is discussed based on the classification of the action phase. This review may help researchers to develop PEGylated nanoparticles to avoid unfavorable immune responses based on the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
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Gramkow AM, Isaksson GL, Palarasah Y, Jensen BL, Alnor A, Thiesson HC. Exploration of complement split products in plasma and urine as biomarkers of kidney graft rejection. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152462. [PMID: 37406469 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complement system, consisting of more than thirty different soluble and cell-bound proteins, exerts essential functions both in the innate and adaptive immune systems and is believed to be an important contributor to allograft injury in kidney transplantation. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are powerful chemoattractants, recruiting immune effector cells toward the site of complement activation and enhance T-cell response, while C3dg binding to CR2 on B-cells, enhances B-cell immunity at several stages of the B-cell differentiation. Complement split products in plasma and urine could reflect ongoing inflammation and tissue injury. We, therefore, investigated if complement split products increase in plasma and urine in kidney transplant recipients with rejection. METHOD In this case-control feasibility study, complement factors C3a, C3dg, C4a, and C5a were measured in plasma and C3dg and sC5b-9 associated C9 neoantigen in urine in 15 kidney transplant recipients with rejection (cases) and 15 kidney transplant recipients without (controls). The groups were matched on the type of transplantation and the time from transplantation to sampling. The complement split products were compared (i) between cases and controls and (ii) within the rejection group over time, comparing the measurements at rejection with measurements where the kidney transplant recipients were clinically stable. Possible moderators were explored, and results adjusted accordingly. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Plasma C3dg was analyzed by immune-electrophoresis, plasma C3a, plasma C4a, and plasma C5a by flow cytometry, and urine C3dg and urine C9neo by ELISA. RESULTS In plasma, there were no significant differences between the rejection and the control group. However, steroids and pretransplant C3dg levels significantly influenced C3dg. Within the rejection group, plasma C3a and C3dg were significantly higher at the time of rejection compared to the stable phase (p < 0.01). In urine, C3dg/creatinine and C9 neoantigen/creatinine ratios were not different between the rejection and the control group. Urine C3dg/creatinine and urine C9 neoantigen/creatinine ratios correlated to urine albumin and significantly increased after the transplantation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows increased plasma C3a and C3dg in kidney transplant recipients, primarily with T cell mediated rejection. This finding suggests that consecutive measurements of C3a and C3dg in plasma could be applicable to monitor alloreactivity in kidney transplant recipients. Urine complement split products are unsuitable as rejection biomarkers since the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier strongly influences them. Prospective longitudinal studies on plasma C3a and C3dg dynamics will be needed to validate present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Maria Gramkow
- Dept. of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Dept. of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Gustaf L Isaksson
- Dept. of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Anne Alnor
- Dept. of Clinical Immunology and Biochemistry, Hospital Lillebælt, Beridderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløwsvej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Helle C Thiesson
- Dept. of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Dept. of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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Ge X, Yu Z, Guo X, Li L, Ye L, Ye M, Yuan J, Zhu C, Hu W, Hou Y. Complement and complement regulatory proteins are upregulated in lungs of COVID-19 patients. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154519. [PMID: 37244049 PMCID: PMC10165854 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We explored the pathological changes and the activation of local complement system in COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung paraffin sections of COVID-19 infected patients were analyzed by HE (hematoxylin-eosin) staining. The deposition of complement C3, the deposition of C3b/iC3b/C3d and C5b-9, and the expression of complement regulatory proteins, CD59, CD46 and CD55 were detected by immunohistochemistry. In COVID-19 patients' lung tissues, fibrin exudation, mixed with erythrocyte, alveolar macrophage and shed pneumocyte are usually observed in the alveoli. The formation of an "alveolar emboli" structure may contribute to thrombosis and consolidation in lung tissue. In addition, we also found that compared to normal tissue, the lung tissues of COVID-19 patients displayed the hyper-activation of complement that is represented by extensive deposition of C3, C3b/iC3b/C3d and C5b-9, and the increased expression level of complement regulatory proteins CD55, and especially CD59 but not CD46. The thrombosis and consolidation in lung tissues may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The increased expression of CD55 and CD59 may reflect a feedback of self-protection on the complement hyper-activation. Further, the increased C3 deposition and the strongly activated complement system in lung tissues may suggest the rationale of complement-targeted therapeutics in conquering COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ge
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Dongan Road 270, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Maosong Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Chouwen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Dongan Road 270, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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16
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Kang Y, Gao Y, Li X, Guo X, Liu Z, Li W, Wei J, Qi Y. Bupleurum chinense exerts a mild antipyretic effect on LPS-induced pyrexia rats involving inhibition of peripheral TNF-α production. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 310:116375. [PMID: 36934787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleuri Radix, the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. (BC) or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., is one of the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicines. As the species in Xiao-Chai-Hu decoction, BC has been used as an antipyretic medicine with a long history. However, its antipyretic characteristics and underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the antipyretic characteristics and mechanism(s) of BC used in its traditional way. METHODS The water extract of BC (BCE) was prepared according to the traditional decocting mode. Murine fever and endotoxemia models were induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro complement activation assay and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and C5a were determined by ELISA. RESULTS BCE exerted a confirmed but mild antipyretic effect on LPS-induced fever of rat. In vitro, it significantly lowered LPS-elevated TNF-α in the supernatant of rat complete blood cells and THP-1 cells, but failed to decrease IL-6 and IL-1β. In murine endotoxemia models, BCE markedly decreased serum TNF-α, but had no impact on IL-6 and IL-1β. BCE also restricted complement activation in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, the mixture of saikosaponin A and D could not suppress supernatant TNF-α of monocytes and serum TNF-α of endotoxemia mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study dissects the peripheral mechanism for the antipyretic effect of BC used in the traditional way. Our findings indicate that BCE directly suppresses monocyte-produced TNF-α, thus decreasing circulating TNF-α, which may be responsible for its mild but confirmed antipyretic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ximeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yun Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wijaya C, Burns C, Hall S, Farmer M, Jones D, Rowlandson M, Choi P, Formby M, de Malmanche T. Measurement of Complement Activation via Plasma-Soluble C5b-9 Comparison with Terminal Complement Complex Staining in a Series of Kidney Biopsies. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:220-230. [PMID: 36917968 PMCID: PMC10124756 DOI: 10.1159/000529734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the emergence of therapeutic complement inhibitors, there is a need to identify patients with complement-driven inflammation. C5b-9 is the terminal product of the three complement pathways and therefore a marker of total complement activation. We present a pilot study which aims to assess whether plasma soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) correlates with terminal complement complex (TCC) staining in kidney tissue. The secondary aim was to assess the utility of plasma sC5b-9 as part of routine workup in kidney patients undergoing kidney biopsy. METHODS Thirty-seven patients undergoing kidney biopsy had plasma sC5b-9 and TCC staining on kidney tissue performed. Additional blood markers including creatinine, haemoglobin, CRP, factor H, factor I, and midkine levels were also taken. These parameters were correlated with the histological diagnoses. Patients were divided into a diseased group (n = 31) and a control group (n = 6) consisting of transplanted kidneys with minor or no changes. Of the biopsies in the control group, 50% were performed as per protocol, and the other 50% were performed due to clinical need. RESULTS There was no correlation found between plasma sC5b-9 and TCC kidney staining. Elevated sC5b-9 levels were found in a heterogeneous group of patients but were associated with higher CRP and lower haemoglobin levels. Overall, there was more TCC kidney staining in the diseased group compared with the control group, and a trend was observed of diabetic, primary membranous nephropathy, and amyloidosis patients having more intense glomerular and peritubular/interstitial staining. CONCLUSION Plasma sC5b-9 as a marker of total complement activation does not correlate with TCC kidney staining. This discordance suggests that plasma sC5b-9 and TCC staining are distinct markers of disease. TCC staining reflects chronicity and tissue deposition of complement over time. Conversely, plasma sC5b-9 concentrations change rapidly and reflect systemic complement activation. Complement activation was present in a heterogeneous group of kidney disease, indicating the underlying role of complement in many disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Wijaya
- Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Burns
- Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharron Hall
- Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Farmer
- Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Denise Jones
- Renal Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Rowlandson
- Renal Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Choi
- Renal Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Formby
- Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Theo de Malmanche
- Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Uwatoko R, Shindo M, Hashimoto N, Iio R, Ueda Y, Tatematsu Y, Kato N, Maruyama S, Hayashi T. Relapse of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome triggered by COVID-19: a lesson for the clinical nephrologist. J Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s40620-023-01595-y. [PMID: 36877369 PMCID: PMC9986860 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uwatoko
- Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan.
| | - Mayu Shindo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Rei Iio
- Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ueda
- Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tatematsu
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Terumasa Hayashi
- Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
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Arai M, Mii A, Hirama A, Kaneko T, Kashiwagi T, Shimizu A, Sakai Y. A possible role of classical complement pathway activation in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin G nephropathy: a case report. CEN Case Rep 2023; 12:14-22. [PMID: 35711019 PMCID: PMC9892394 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathy refers to a rare group of diseases characterized by deposits of IgG in the mesangial region. However, IgG nephropathy is controversial as a single disease entity, and its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. In the present report, we discuss a case of IgG nephropathy in which we observed activation of the classical complement pathway.A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with nephrotic syndrome. Light-microscopic examination revealed neither proliferative nor sclerotic lesions in the glomeruli. However, unusual and large deposits were observed in the paramesangial area. An immunofluorescence study revealed predominant IgG and C1q and slight C3 deposits in the paramesangial area, suggesting immune-complex-type glomerular disease. An electron microscopic study also revealed different sizes of non-organized electron-dense deposits with a similar pattern of distribution, which were accompanied by foot process effacement. Clinically, there was no evidence of systemic diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases (including systemic lupus erythematosus). Based on these findings, she was diagnosed with IgG nephropathy and treated with prednisolone. Steroid therapy was effective, and complete remission was maintained.Additional immunological examination revealed that IgG deposits were polyclonal and consisted mainly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. Furthermore, staining was positive for C4d and C5b-9. The present findings indicate that the pathogenesis of IgG nephropathy in our patient may have involved activation of the classical complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akiko Mii
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Akio Hirama
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kashiwagi
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinao Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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20
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Platt JL, Cascalho M. Accommodation in allogeneic and xenogeneic organ transplantation: Prevalence, impact, and implications for monitoring and for therapeutics. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:5-17. [PMID: 36244871 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Accommodation refers to acquired resistance of organs or tissues to immune or inflammatory reactions that might otherwise cause severe injury or rejection. As first observed in ABO-incompatible kidney transplants and heterotopic cardiac xenografts, accommodation was identified when organ transplants continued to function despite the presence of anti-graft antibodies and/or other reactants in the blood of recipients. Recent evidence suggests many and perhaps most organ transplants have accommodation, as most recipients mount B cell responses specific for the graft. Wide interest in the impact of graft-specific antibodies on the outcomes of transplants prompts questions about which mechanisms confer protection against such antibodies, how accommodation might be detected and whether and how rejection could be superimposed on accommodation. Xenotransplantation offers a unique opportunity to address these questions because immune responses to xenografts are easily detected and the pathogenic impact of immune responses is so severe. Xenotransplantation also provides a compelling need to apply these and other insights to decrease the intensity and toxicity of immunosuppression that otherwise could limit clinical application.
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Matola AT, Józsi M, Uzonyi B. Overview on the role of complement-specific autoantibodies in diseases. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:52-60. [PMID: 36084516 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is recognized as a major pathogenic or contributing factor in an ever-growing number of diseases. In addition to inherited factors, autoantibodies to complement proteins have been detected in various systemic and organ-specific disorders. These include antibodies directed against complement components, regulators and receptors, but also protein complexes such as autoantibodies against complement convertases. In some cases, the autoantibodies are relatively well characterized and a pathogenic role is incurred and their detection has diagnostic value. In other cases, the relevance of the autoantibodies is rather unclear. This review summarizes what we know of complement specific autoantibodies in diseases and identifies unresolved questions regarding their functional effect and relevance.
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22
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Navneet S, Rohrer B. Elastin turnover in ocular diseases: A special focus on age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109164. [PMID: 35798060 PMCID: PMC9795808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its turnover play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Elastin, a critical protein component of the ECM, not only provides structural and mechanical support to tissues, but also mediates several intracellular and extracellular molecular signaling pathways. Abnormal turnover of elastin has pathological implications. In the eye elastin is a major structural component of Bruch's membrane (BrM), a critical ECM structure separating the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the choriocapillaris. Reduced integrity of macular BrM elastin, increased serum levels of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), and elevated elastin antibodies have been reported in AMD. Existing reports suggest that elastases, the elastin-degrading enzymes secreted by RPE, infiltrating macrophages or neutrophils could be involved in BrM elastin degradation, thus contributing to AMD pathogenesis. EDPs derived from elastin degradation can increase inflammatory and angiogenic responses in tissues, and the elastin antibodies are shown to play roles in immune cell activity and complement activation. This review summarizes our current understanding on the elastases/elastin fragments-mediated mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
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23
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Sun Q, Liu Y, Teng X, Luan P, Teng X, Yin X. Immunosuppression participated in complement activation-mediated inflammatory injury caused by 4-octylphenol via TLR7/IκBα/NF-κB pathway in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gills. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 249:106211. [PMID: 35667248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
4-octylphenol (4-OP), a toxic estrogenic environmental pollutant, can threaten aquatic animal and human health. However, toxic effect of 4-OP on fish has not been reported. To investigate molecular mechanism of gill poisoning caused by 4-OP exposure, a carp 4-OP poisoning model was established, and then blood and gills were collected on day 60. The results demonstrated that gill was a target organ attacked by 4-OP, and exposure to 4-OP caused carp gill inflammatory injury. There were 1605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, including 898 up-regulated DEGs and 707 down-regulated DEGs). KEGG and GO were used to further analyze obtained 1605 DEGs, indicating that complement activation, immune response, and inflammatory response participated in the mechanism of 4-OP-caused carp gill inflammatory injury. Our data at transcription level further revealed that 4-OP caused complement activation through triggering complement component 3a/complement component 3a receptor (C3a/C3aR) axis and complement component 5a/complement component 5a receptor 1 (C5a/C5aR1) axis, induced immunosuppression through the imbalances of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 cells and regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 cells, as well as caused inflammatory injury via toll like receptor 7/inhibitor kappa B alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR7/IκBα/NF-κB) pathway. Taken together, immunosuppression participated in complement activation-mediated inflammatory damage in carp gills after 4-OP treatment. The findings of this study will provide pioneering information and theoretical support for the mechanism of 4-OP poisoning, and will provide reference for the assessment of estrogenic environmental pollution risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaojie Teng
- Grassland Station in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150067, China
| | - Peng Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiujie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Wu H, Jia B, Zhao X, Zhang H, Li Z, Wang W, Chen X, Zhang S. Pathophysiology and system biology of rat c-BSA induced immune complex glomerulonephritis and pathway comparison with human gene sequencing data. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108891. [PMID: 35691274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune-complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children. Cationic BSA (c-BSA) intravenous injection could produce significant albuminuria within a short time, and is a suitable in vivo experimental animal model to investigate the pathophysiology of ICGN and for drug screening, but lack of thorough study to clarify its dynamic pathophysiological alteration so far, as well as detailed changes in mRNA and LncRNA levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic alteration in renal function, lipid metabolism and histopathology during the progress of c-BSA induced ICGN. RNA sequencing was used to identified differentially expressed mRNA and LncRNA in kidney cortex of ICGN. Results demonstrated that c-BSA induced ICGN model could completely exhibit clinical features of immune-mediated nephrotic syndrome with gradual declining renal function, and increased albuminuria and deteriorated histopathological injuries. The correlation analysis suggested that complement activation was the most key element in mediating of ICGN. RNA sequencing using rat kidney tissues combined with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data of human glomerulonephritis showed the most enriched KEGG pathways in ICGN were Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor and Focal adhesion. The differential lncRNAs in ICGN rats were also screened, and the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed to clarify lncRNA role in molecular mechanism of ICGN progression. Their human homogenous lncRNAs were also identified, such as ST3GAL5-AS1 and DIO3OS, which provide the potential lncRNA targets to treat ICGN. All the differential LncRNAs in ICGN kidneys caused by MMF were also identified and provided another possible pharmacological mechanism of MMF through lncRNA regulation. In summary, the current study firstly described the dynamic physiological changes of c-BSA induced ICGN, identified most key KEGG pathways, and provided lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network in ICGN.
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Puglisi CH, Ander BP, Peterson C, Keiter JA, Hull H, Hawk CW, Kalistratova VS, Izadi A, Gurkoff GG, Sharp FR, Waldau B. Sustained ICP Elevation Is a Driver of Spatial Memory Deficits After Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Leads to Activation of Distinct Microglial Signaling Pathways. Transl Stroke Res 2022:10.1007/s12975-022-01061-0. [PMID: 35821378 PMCID: PMC9834439 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cognitive decline after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in some patients continue to be poorly understood. Multiple rodent models of intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage have only shown mild or even no cognitive impairment on subsequent behavioral testing. In this study, we show that intraventricular hemorrhage only leads to a significant spatial memory deficit in the Morris water maze if it occurs in the setting of an elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Histopathological analysis of these IVH + ICP animals did not show evidence of neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal formation after 2 weeks but instead showed significant microglial activation measured by lacunarity and fractal dimensions. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus showed distinct enrichment of genes in the IVH + ICP group but not in IVH alone having activated microglial signaling pathways. The most significantly activated signaling pathway was the classical complement pathway, which is used by microglia to remove synapses, followed by activation of the Fc receptor and DAP12 pathways. Thus, our study lays the groundwork for identifying signaling pathways that could be targeted to ameliorate behavioral deficits after IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe H. Puglisi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bradley P. Ander
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Catherine Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Janet A. Keiter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cameron W. Hawk
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Venina S. Kalistratova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ali Izadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gene G. Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ben Waldau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, ACC 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Xing Z, Wang Y, Gong K, Chen Y. Plasma C4 level was associated with mortality, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 35768780 PMCID: PMC9245318 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) exhibit a high risk of death, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Previous studies indicated complement activation associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in HD patients. This study aimed to explore whether the critical complement factors were associated with the adverse outcomes in HD patients. METHODS A total of 108 HD patients were included and followed up for 52 months. The baseline clinical characteristics and plasma C3c, C1q, CFH, CFB, C4, MAC, C5a, C3a and MBL were measured. The three endpoints were death, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs) and the composition of them. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified factors associated with the three endpoints respectively. X-tile analyses determined the optimal cut-off values for high risks. Restricted cubic spline plots illustrated the dose-response relationships. Correlations between the complement factors and risk factors for CCDs were analyzed. RESULTS Baseline plasma C4 was finally selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for three endpoints, including all-cause mortality, CCEs and the composition of them. When baseline plasma C4 exceeded 0.47 (P = 0.001) or 0.44 (P = 0.018) g/L respectively, the risks for death or achieving the composite endpoint enhanced significantly. The relationships of C4 and HR for the three endpoints showed a positive linear trend. Plasma C4 had prominent correlations with blood TG (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and HDL (r = -0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A higher baseline plasma C4 level was significantly associated with the future incidence of decease, CCEs and either of them. Plasma C4 level correlated with blood TG and HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Xing
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kunjing Gong
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
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27
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Jiang J, Liu D, Wang Y, Li W, Hong Z, An J, Qiao S, Xie Z. Glaucocalyxin a protect liver function via inhibiting platelet over-activation during sepsis. Phytomedicine 2022; 100:154089. [PMID: 35398736 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabdosia japonica (Burm. f.) var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.) is a perennial herb, and is traditionally used as folk medicine for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer. Gaucocalyxin A (GLA) is an ent‑kaurane diterpenoid that is isolated from the aerial parts of R. japonica (Burm. f.) var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.). In a recent study, we found that GLA protects against acute liver dysfunction induced by Escherichia coli, which is likely related to its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism by which GLA protects liver injury during sepsis is unknown. AIM To evaluate the anti-inflammatory function of GLA and its regulatory effect on platelet function. METHOD An in vivo model of sepsis was established by inoculating mice with E. coli. Live function and platelet activation were evaluated through standard assays. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors were measured through ELISA and qRT-PCR. RESULTS GLA alleviated liver dysfunction in the mouse model of sepsis. GLA-treated mice displayed lower complement activation and liver dysfunction after E. coli infection. GLA alleviated the decrease in peripheral platelet counts by inhibiting their clearance by Kupffer cells in liver. Furthermore, GLA inhibited platelet activation through the RIP1/RIP3/AKT pathway and downregulated C3aR expression on the platelets, thereby inhibiting liver injury and dysfunction due to excessive complement activation. CONCLUSION GLA can inhibit platelet activation by reducing surface expression of C3aR, which protect the liver from injury induced by excessive complement activation. GLA is a novel therapeutic agent for controlling sepsis-related liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dengping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong An
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanli Xie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Wang J, Zhang S. Esculetin alleviates murine lupus nephritis by inhibiting complement activation and enhancing Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 288:115004. [PMID: 35051603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Esculetin is a bioactive compound of medicinal herb Hydrangea paniculata, and has showed anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation bioactivities. Renal local oxidative stress and inflammation are import contributors for progression of lupus nephritis (LN). AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the renal protective effect of esculetin against LN was evaluated using MRL/lpr mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRL/lpr mice were orally administrated with esculetin (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) from 10 to 20 weeks and then renal function and kidney pathology were analyzed. RESULTS Esculetin significantly attenuated renal impairment in MRL/lpr mice by reducing blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and albuminuria, and ameliorated the glomerular hypertrophy, tubular interstitial fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration into interstitium. mRNA microarray suggested that esculetin could significantly down-regulate complement cascade, inflammation and fibrosis pathway, and up-regulate Nrf2-related anti-oxidation genes. Most surprising finding in the current study was that esculetin could inhibit the complement activation both in classical and alternative pathway using in vitro hemolysis assay, further enzyme assay suggested that esculetin blocked the C3 convertase (C4b2a) to exert this inhibitory capability. Molecular docking predicted that esculetin had four conventional hydrogen bonds interacting with C4b2a, and CDOCKER energy is relatively lower. Luciferase reporter gene demonstrated that esculetin could activate Nrf2 signaling pathway, and further flow cytometry confirmed that anti-oxidation bioactivity of esculetin was dependent on Nrf2 activation. On the other hand, esculetin could inhibit NFκB nuclear translocation and TGFβ-smad3 profibrosis pathway. CONCLUSION Esculetin shows beneficial effect on LN progression, and it may be a good natural leading compound for design of chemical compounds to treat LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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29
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Fujimura Y, Holland LZ. COVID-19 microthrombosis: unusually large VWF multimers are a platform for activation of the alternative complement pathway under cytokine storm. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:457-469. [PMID: 35316498 PMCID: PMC8938647 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ADAMTS13, a metalloproteinase, specifically cleaves unusually large multimers of von Willebrand factor (VWF), newly released from vascular endothelial cells. The ratio of ADAMTS13 activity to VWF antigen (ADAMTS13/VWF) and indicators of the alternative complement pathway (C3a and sC5b-9) are both related to the severity of COVID-19. The ADAMTS13/VWF ratio is generally moderately decreased (0.18–0.35) in patients with severe COVID-19. When these patients experience cytokine storms, both interleukin-8 and TNFα stimulate VWF release from vascular endothelial cells, while interleukin-6 inhibits both production of ADAMTS13 and its interaction with VWF, resulting in localized severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity. Platelet factor 4 and thrombospondin-1, both released upon platelet activation, bind to the VWF-A2 domain and enhance the blockade of ADAMTS13 function. Thus, the released unusually-large VWF multimers remain associated with the vascular endothelial cell surface, via anchoring with syndecan-1 in the glycocalyx. Unfolding of the VWF-A2 domain, which has high sequence homology with complement factor B, allows the domain to bind to activated complement C3b, providing a platform for complement activation of the alternative pathway. The resultant C3a and C5a generate tissue factor-rich neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which induce the mixed immunothrombosis, fibrin clots and platelet aggregates typically seen in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Fujimura
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijyocho-840, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan.
| | - Linda Z Holland
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution Oceanography, University California San Diego, 4400 Hubbs Hall, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA
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Cabrera AP, Stoddard J, Santiago Tierno I, Matisioudis N, Agarwal M, Renner L, Palegar N, Neuringer M, McGill T, Ghosh K. Increased cell stiffness contributes to complement-mediated injury of choroidal endothelial cells in a monkey model of early age-related macular degeneration. J Pathol 2022; 257:314-326. [PMID: 35239183 DOI: 10.1002/path.5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the aging population. Yet, no therapies exist for approximately 85% of all AMD patients who have the dry form that is marked by degeneration of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and underlying choroidal vasculature. As the choroidal vessels are crucial for RPE development and maintenance, understanding how they degenerate may lead to effective therapies for dry AMD. One likely causative factor for choroidal vascular loss is the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of the complement pathway that is abundant on choroidal vessels of humans with early dry AMD. To examine this possibility, we studied the effect of complement activation on choroidal endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from a rhesus monkey model of early AMD that, we report, exhibits MAC deposition and choriocapillaris endothelial loss similar to that seen in human early AMD. Treatment of choroidal ECs from AMD eyes with complement-competent normal human serum caused extensive actin cytoskeletal injury that was significantly less pronounced in choroidal ECs from young normal monkey eyes. We further show that ECs from AMD eyes are significantly stiffer than their younger counterparts and exhibit peripheral actin organization that is distinct from the longitudinal stress fibers in young ECs. Finally, these differences in complement susceptibility and mechanostructural properties were found to be regulated by the differential activity of the small GTPases Rac and Rho, because Rac inhibition in AMD cells led to simultaneous reduction in stiffness and complement susceptibility while Rho inhibition in young cells exacerbated complement injury. Thus, by identifying cell stiffness and cytoskeletal regulators Rac and Rho as important determinants of complement susceptibility, the current findings offer a new mechanistic insight into choroidal vascular loss in early AMD that warrants further investigation for assessment of translational potential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Cabrera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stoddard
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Irene Santiago Tierno
- Department of Ophthalmology and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Renner
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Neha Palegar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trevor McGill
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kaustabh Ghosh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Gavriilaki E, Ho VT, Schwaeble W, Dudler T, Daha M, Fujita T, Jodele S. Role of the lectin pathway of complement in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated endothelial injury and thrombotic microangiopathy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:57. [PMID: 34924021 PMCID: PMC8684592 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a life-threatening syndrome that occurs in adult and pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nonspecific symptoms, heterogeneity within study populations, and variability among current diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of this syndrome. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and associated risk factors precipitate endothelial injury, leading to HSCT-TMA and other endothelial injury syndromes such as hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, capillary leak syndrome, and graft-versus-host disease. Endothelial injury can trigger activation of the complement system, promoting inflammation and the development of endothelial injury syndromes, ultimately leading to organ damage and failure. In particular, the lectin pathway of complement is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the surface of injured endothelial cells. Pattern-recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectins, and ficolins—collectively termed lectins—bind to DAMPs on injured host cells, forming activation complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1, 2, and 3 (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). Activation of the lectin pathway may also trigger the coagulation cascade via MASP-2 cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin. Together, activation of complement and the coagulation cascade lead to a procoagulant state that may result in development of HSCT-TMA. Several complement inhibitors targeting various complement pathways are in clinical trials for the treatment of HSCT-TMA. In this article, we review the role of the complement system in HSCT-TMA pathogenesis, with a focus on the lectin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gavriilaki
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G Papanikolaou Hospital, Leof. Papanikolaou, Pilea Chortiatis 570 10, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vincent T Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wilhelm Schwaeble
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Thomas Dudler
- Discovery and Development, Omeros Corporation, 201 Elliott Ave W, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Mohamed Daha
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department Fukushima Prefectural General Hygiene Institute, 61-Watari-Nakakado, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-8141, Japan
| | - Sonata Jodele
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Wang F, Yu J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu B, Yang X. Clinical relevance of glomerular IgM deposition in patients with lupus nephritis. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:75. [PMID: 34876020 PMCID: PMC8650561 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical relevance of IgM deposition in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) in a large cohort. RESULTS 217 patients with renal biopsy-proven active LN were enrolled. The associations between glomerular IgM deposition and clinicopathological parameters were further analyzed. IgM deposition was positively correlated with glomerular C1q and C3 deposition moderately (r = 0.436, P < 0.001; r = 0.408, P < 0.001, respectively), and inversely correlated with plasma levels of C3 and CFH mildly (r = - 0.138, P = 0.043; r = - 0.147, P = 0.037, respectively). By multivariate analysis, we found that glomerular IgM deposition independently contributed to glomerular C3 deposition in patients with LN (OR = 2.002, 95% CI 1.295-3.094, P = 0.002). In addition, we also found that patients with IgM 0-2+ had similar plasma CFH levels, but in patients with IgM3+-4+, plasma CFH levels were significantly lower (300.4 ± 155.8 μg/mL vs. 429.9 ± 187.5 μg/mL, P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with high density of glomerular IgM and low levels of CFH had heavier proteinuria, higher serum creatinine and lower plasma C3 levels (5.7 ± 3.1 g/d vs. 4.7 ± 3.5 g/d, P = 0.037; 150.1 ± 121.0 μmol/L vs. 105.6 ± 97.1 μmol/L, P = 0.005; 0.3 ± 0.2 μg/L vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 μg/L, P = 0.04, respectively), comparing with those with low density of glomerular IgM and low levels of CFH. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested the involvement of glomerular deposited IgM in complement activation and renal injury in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jirong Yu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Pitkänen HH, Jouppila A, Helin T, Dulipati V, Kotimaa J, Meri S, Kantele A, Jalkanen P, Julkunen I, Lassila R. COVID-19 adenovirus vaccine triggers antibodies against PF4 complexes to activate complement and platelets. Thromb Res 2021; 208:129-137. [PMID: 34768097 PMCID: PMC8571998 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare coagulation disorder reported after administration of COVID-19 adenovirus-vectored vaccines. VITT is mediated by anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies activating platelets through the Fcγ-receptor II (FcγRII), and it is associated with strong fibrin turnover. The complement system is involved in several other immunothrombotic entities, but its impact on VITT is not established. OBJECTIVE To assess antibodies in interaction with the activation of platelets and complement triggered by VITT. METHODS Antibodies against adenovirus type 2 hexon protein, ChAdOx1 adenoviral vector-specific IgG and PF4 were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays from VITT patients (n = 5). The EDTA plasma samples of the patients and controls were used to measure both terminal complement complexes (TCC) by ELISA and aggregation of healthy donor platelets. We studied the effects of human immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPIIb/IIIa) on spontaneous and collagen-induced platelet aggregation supplemented with VITT plasma. RESULTS None of the patients had experienced a COVID-19 infection. Antibody analyses confirmed the immunogenicity of the adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1 vaccine. Moreover, VITT plasma had anti-PF4 antibodies and elevated TCC levels as a sign of complement activation. In isolated healthy donor platelets, VITT patient plasma caused marked, spontaneous aggregation of platelets, which was abolished by eptifibatide and high-dose therapeutic IVIG. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that VITT is triggered by antibodies against adenovirus vector and PF4-polyanion complexes which strongly co-activate complement and platelets. The spontaneous platelet aggregation was suppressed by IVIG or eptifibatide, indicating that besides FcγRII, also GPIIb/IIIa receptor exerts platelet procoagulant role in VITT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna H. Pitkänen
- Helsinki University, Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Clinical Research Institute Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Jouppila
- Clinical Research Institute Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuukka Helin
- HUSLAB, Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Vinaya Dulipati
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kotimaa
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pinja Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lassila
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Disorders Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Corresponding author at: Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Laboratory Services, HUCH, PL 372, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Menendez-Castro C, Cordasic N, Fahlbusch FB, Ekici AB, Kirchner P, Daniel C, Amann K, Velkeen R, Wölfle J, Schiffer M, Hartner A, Hilgers KF. RNA sequencing reveals induction of specific renal inflammatory pathways in a rat model of malignant hypertension. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1727-1740. [PMID: 34528115 PMCID: PMC8599225 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In malignant hypertension, far more severe kidney injury occurs than in the "benign" form of the disease. The role of high blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is well recognized, but the pathogenesis of the renal injury of malignant hypertension (MH) remains incompletely understood. Using the rat model of two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension in which some but not all animals develop MH, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of gene expression by RNA sequencing to identify transcriptional changes in the kidney cortex specific for MH. Differential gene expression was assessed in three groups: MH, non-malignant hypertension (NMH), and normotensive, sham-operated controls. To distinguish MH from NMH, we considered two factors: weight loss and typical renovascular lesions. Mean blood pressure measured intraarterially was elevated in MH (220 ± 6.5 mmHg) as well as in NMH (192 ± 6.4 mmHg), compared to controls (119 ± 1.7 mmHg, p < 0.05). Eight hundred eighty-six genes were exclusively regulated in MH only. Principal component analysis revealed a separated clustering of the three groups. The data pointed to an upregulation of many inflammatory mechanisms in MH including pathways which previously attracted relatively little attention in the setting of hypertensive kidney injury: Transcripts from all three complement activation pathways were upregulated in MH compared to NMH but not in NMH compared with controls; immunohistochemistry confirmed complement deposition in MH exclusively. The expression of chemokines attracting neutrophil granulocytes (CXCL6) and infiltration of myeloperoxidase-positive cells were increased only in MH rats. The data suggest that these pathways, especially complement deposition, may contribute to kidney injury under MH. KEY MESSAGES: The most severe hypertension-induced kidney injury occurs in malignant hypertension. In a rat model of malignant hypertension, we assessed transcriptional responses in the kidney exposed to high blood pressure. A broad stimulation of inflammatory mechanisms was observed, but a few specific pathways were activated only in the malignant form of the disease, notably activation of the complement cascades. Complement inhibitors may alleviate the thrombotic microangiopathy of malignant hypertension even in the absence of primary complement abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Institute of Nephropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Institute of Nephropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Velkeen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Wölfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Jamaly S, Tsokos MG, Bhargava R, Brook OR, Hecht JL, Abdi R, Moulton VR, Satyam A, Tsokos GC. Complement activation and increased expression of Syk, mucin-1 and CaMK4 in kidneys of patients with COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108795. [PMID: 34252574 PMCID: PMC8270746 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney failure is common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, yet the mechanism of injury and predisposing factors remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of complement activation by determining the levels of deposited complement components (C1q, C3, FH, C5b-9) and immunoglobulin along with the expression levels of the injury-associated molecules spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), mucin-1 (MUC1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) in the kidney tissues of people who succumbed to COVID-19. We report increased deposition of C1q, C3, C5b-9, total immunoglobulin, and high expression levels of Syk, MUC1 and CaMK4 in the kidneys of COVID-19 patients. Our study provides strong rationale for the expansion of trials involving the use of inhibitors of these molecules, in particular C1q, C3, Syk, MUC1 and CaMK4 to treat patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jamaly
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olga R Brook
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vaishali R Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Guzzo G, Kissling S, Pantaleo G, Pascual M, Sadallah S, Teta D. Complement activation and blockade in massive post-partum haemorrhage, thrombotic microangiopathy and acute kidney injury: a case report. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:252. [PMID: 34229609 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)-mediated acute kidney injury (AKI) following massive haemorrhage is a rare but severe complication of the post-partum period. It is associated with a poor renal prognosis and a high risk of end-stage kidney disease. Complement activation may occur in this picture. However, whether complement activation, and thus complement blockade, may be critically relevant in this setting is unknown. Case presentation A 50 year-old woman presented with massive delayed post-partum haemorrhage (PPH). Despite bleeding control and normalization of coagulation parameters, she rapidly developed AKI stage 3 associated with dysmorphic microhematuria and proteinuria up to 2 g/day with the need of renal replacement therapy. Blood tests showed signs of TMA associated with markedly increased sC5b-9 and factor Bb plasma levels, respectively markers of terminal and alternative complement pathway over-activation. This clinical picture prompted us to initiate anti-C5 therapy. sC5b-9 normalized within 12 h after the first dose of eculizumab, factor Bb and C3 after seven days, platelet count after nine days and haptoglobin after 3 weeks. The clinical picture improved rapidly with blood pressure control within 48 h. Diuresis resumed after three days, kidney function rapidly improved and haemodialysis could be discontinued after the sixth and last dose. Serum creatinine returned to normal two years after presentation. Conclusions We suggest that massive PPH induced major activation of complement pathways, which ultimately lead to TMA-induced AKI. Various causes, such as oocyte-donation, the potential retention of placental material and the use of tranexamic acid may have contributed to complement activation due to PPH. The prompt administration of anti-C5 therapy may have rapidly restored kidney microcirculation patency, thus reversing signs of TMA and AKI. We propose that complement activation may represent a major pathophysiological player of this complication and may provide a novel therapeutic avenue to improve renal prognosis in TMA-induced AKI following massive PPH.
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Åkesson A, Ljungkvist M, Martin M, Blom AM, Klintman J, Schött U, Zetterberg E, Kander T. Biomarkers of complement and platelet activation are not correlated with the one or twenty-four hours corrected count increments in prophylactically platelet transfused hematological patients: a prospective cohort study. Platelets 2021; 33:350-359. [PMID: 34210243 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1942817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet transfusion refractoriness is a serious clinical concern that complicates the management of thrombocytopenic patients. Previous studies have suggested a potential role for both complement and platelet activation based on in vitro analyses of platelet concentrates. In this study, the post-transfusion platelet response, as indicated by the corrected count increment at 1 and 24 h after prophylactic platelet transfusions, respectively, was correlated with the 1 h post-transfusion Δconcentration (1 h post-transfusion - pretransfusion) of complement and platelet activation biomarkers. The study was registered as a clinical trial at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02601131) and patients were recruited during inpatient care in the hematological department. Soluble terminal complement complexes, soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40 ligand were analyzed. Confirmed alloimmunized patients were excluded. Included subjects were either given platelet transfusions (n = 43) and categorized into four clinical study groups or included in a non-transfused control group (n = 10). In total, 54 transfusions were included. No transfusion-mediated complement activation was observed. The transfusions were associated with a significant increase in the concentration of soluble P-selectin (p < .001), primarily corresponding to the passive infusion of soluble P-selectin-containing plasma residuals. The Δconcentration of soluble P-selectin was, however, not significantly correlated with the corrected count increments. Thus, significant correlations between biomarkers of complement and platelet activation and the post-transfusion platelet response could not be demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Åkesson
- The Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ljungkvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University and Regional Laboratories, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Myriam Martin
- The Medical Protein Chemistry Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- The Medical Protein Chemistry Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jenny Klintman
- The Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Schött
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Zetterberg
- The Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kander
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Mannes M, Schmidt CQ, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN, Huber-Lang M. Complement as driver of systemic inflammation and organ failure in trauma, burn, and sepsis. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:773-788. [PMID: 34191093 PMCID: PMC8243057 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complement is one of the most ancient defense systems. It gets strongly activated immediately after acute injuries like trauma, burn, or sepsis and helps to initiate regeneration. However, uncontrolled complement activation contributes to disease progression instead of supporting healing. Such effects are perceptible not only at the site of injury but also systemically, leading to systemic activation of other intravascular cascade systems eventually causing dysfunction of several vital organs. Understanding the complement pathomechanism and its interplay with other systems is a strict requirement for exploring novel therapeutic intervention routes. Ex vivo models exploring the cross-talk with other systems are rather limited, which complicates the determination of the exact pathophysiological roles that complement has in trauma, burn, and sepsis. Literature reporting on these three conditions is often controversial regarding the importance, distribution, and temporal occurrence of complement activation products further hampering the deduction of defined pathophysiological pathways driven by complement. Nevertheless, many in vitro experiments and animal models have shown beneficial effects of complement inhibition at different levels of the cascade. In the future, not only inhibition but also a complement reconstitution therapy should be considered in prospective studies to expedite how meaningful complement-targeted interventions need to be tailored to prevent complement augmented multi-organ failure after trauma, burn, and sepsis. This review summarizes clinically relevant studies investigating the role of complement in the acute diseases trauma, burn, and sepsis with important implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mannes
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/2, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/2, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Zhang R, Qi J, Zhou M, Pan T, Zhang Z, Yao Y, Han H, Han Y. Upregulation of Nrf2 Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced, Complement Activation-Associated Endothelial Injury and Apoptosis in Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:758.e1-758.e8. [PMID: 34174470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a serious and life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Studies have reported that the main pathological manifestation of the disease is an endothelial injury associated with complement activation, but its molecular biological mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous studies have shown that oxidative stress may induce complement activation in TA-TMA. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a molecule that regulates oxidative stress, can inhibit endothelial stimulation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We assessed Nrf2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with TA-TMA compared with healthy donors. Nrf2 expression, ROS accumulation, complement activation, and apoptosis were then assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with TA-TMA plasma to identify whether complement-associated endothelial damage induced by oxidative stress occurs in TA-TMA. The protective effect of Nrf2 pathway activation on TA-TMA-induced endothelial injury was also investigated to explore a new avenue for TA-TMA prevention and treatment. In this study, peripheral blood was collected from six patients with TA-TMA, and healthy donors served as negative controls. We determined the expression of Nrf2 through in vitro and in vivo experiments and measured the level of apoptosis. We found increased expression of Nrf2 in PBMCs from patients with TA-TMA. HUVECs were then incubated with plasma from patients with TA-TMA or with plasma from healthy donors, and we found that complement 3 (C3) levels were increased in HUVECs treated with TA-TMA plasma. In contrast, total Nrf2 levels were decreased, and ROS production and apoptosis levels were increased. To determine whether complement activation and apoptosis were caused by oxidative stress, we added N-acetyl-L-cysteine to HUVECs incubated with TA-TMA plasma. As a result, ROS production, complement activation, and apoptosis levels were reduced. Finally, we upregulated Nrf2 in HUVECs by rescue experiments, and we found that activation of Nrf2 attenuated endothelial cell apoptosis and ROS production and reduced C3 and C5b-9 levels. These results suggest that oxidative stress-induced, complement activation-associated endothelial injury occurs in TA-TMA and that upregulation of Nrf2 protects endothelial cells from damage. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway may be a potential target for the treatment of complement activation-associated endothelial injury in TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Yifang Yao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Haohao Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Troldborg A, Jensenius JC. C3dg Quantification by PEG Precipitation and or TRIFMA. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2227:43-9. [PMID: 33847929 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1016-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Detection of complement activation products can be carried out in a number of ways, and different methods are used in different laboratories. No international standard for measuring complement activation in the clinical setting has been agreed upon.Here we describe a modified assay for measuring C3dg. The assay is simple, inexpensive and stable. The estimation of C3dg directly reflects complement turnover independently of activation pathway.
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Nilsson PH, Pettersen K, Oppermann M, Skjeflo EW, Fure H, Christiansen D, Mollnes TE. Quantification of Porcine Complement Activation Fragment C3a by a Neoepitope-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2227:51-9. [PMID: 33847930 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1016-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) enables fast and simple quantification of analytes in the pico- to nanogram range in complex samples. Here, we describe an ELISA for the detection of porcine C3a as a marker for complement activation. Antibody specificity is critical for a robust assay. This assay is based on a pair of antibodies specific for the porcine C3a molecule and thus does not react with native C3.
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Abstract
The complement cascade is an evolutionary ancient innate immune defense system, playing a major role in the defense against infections. Its function in maintaining host homeostasis on activated cells has been emphasized by the crucial role of its overactivation in ever growing number of diseases, such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), C3 glomerulopathies (C3GN), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), graft rejection, Alzheimer disease, and cancer, to name just a few. The last decade of research on complement has extended its implication in many pathological processes, offering new insights to potential therapeutic targets and asserting the necessity of reliable, sensitive, specific, accurate, and reproducible biomarkers to decipher complement role in pathology. We need to evaluate accurately which pathway or role should be targeted pharmacologically, and optimize treatment efficacy versus toxicity. This chapter is an introduction to the role of complement in human diseases and the use of complement-related biomarkers in the clinical practice. It is a part of a book intending to give reliable and standardized methods to evaluate complement according to nowadays needs and knowledge.
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Iorember F, Nayak A. Deficiency of CFHR plasma proteins and autoantibody positive hemolytic uremic syndrome: treatment rationale, outcomes, and monitoring. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:1365-1375. [PMID: 32529325 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of Complement Factor H Related (CFHR) plasma proteins and Autoantibody Positive Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (DEAP-HUS) is a subtype of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, known to be associated with significant morbidity. Its pathogenesis is linked to the production of IgG autoantibodies against complement factor H, a regulator of the alternative complement pathway. The binding of the autoantibodies to the C terminal of complement factor H interferes with its regulatory function, leading to increased activation of the alternative complement pathway and consequent endothelial cellular damage. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy is reported to lead to favorable outcomes. Institution of plasma exchange therapy within 24 h of diagnosis has been shown to rapidly lower antibody levels, leading to clinical improvement. Adjunctive immunosuppression therapy suppresses antibody production and helps in maintaining long-term clinical remission of the disease. Available data advocates a treatment regimen that combines plasma therapy (preferably plasma exchange) and immunosuppression to halt disease process and sustain long-term disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Iorember
- Division of Nephrology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Anjali Nayak
- Division of Nephrology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Gu HJ, Li MF, Sun L. A deep-sea pathogenic Bacillus subtilis isolate employs different strategies to escape the killing of teleost and murine complements. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104037. [PMID: 33545212 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis G7 was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent and is pathogenic to pathogenic to fish (Japanese flounder) and mice. G7 is able to survive in host sera and phagocytes. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of G7 serum resistance. We found that (i) the remaining complement activity was very low in G7-incubated flounder serum but high in G7-incubated mouse serum; (ii) cleaved C3 and C5 components were detected on flounder serum-incubated G7 but not on mouse serum-incubated G7; (iii) abundant uncleaved C5 was localized in G7-incubated mouse, but not flounder, serum; (iv) G7-incubated flounder, but not mouse, serum exhibited strong chemotactic activity; (v) pre-treatment with low-dose lysozyme abolished the serum resistance of G7. Hence, G7 activates flounder complement but is protected from complement-mediated destruction by its cell wall structure, while G7 prevents the activation of mouse complement. These results indicate that G7 employs different mechanisms to avoid the complement killing of different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jie Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, China
| | - Mo-Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Gelman R, Kharouf F, Ishay Y, Gural A. Cold Agglutinin-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Association with Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:693-697. [PMID: 34000726 DOI: 10.1159/000516295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome and cold agglutinin-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia are 2 distinct immune-mediated hematologic disorders. While no clear association exists between these 2 entities, complement activation is known to occur in both of them. Herein, we report a unique case of cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia in a patient with a known primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Gelman
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fadi Kharouf
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Ishay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Gural
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Satyam A, Tsokos MG, Brook OR, Hecht JL, Moulton VR, Tsokos GC. Activation of classical and alternative complement pathways in the pathogenesis of lung injury in COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2021; 226:108716. [PMID: 33774179 PMCID: PMC7989127 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation and damage is prominent in people infected with SARS-Cov-2 and a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. We report the deposition of complement components in the lungs of people who succumbed to COVID-19 consistent with the activation of the classical and the alternative pathways. Our study provides strong rationale for the expansion of trials involving the use of complement inhibitors to treat patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science, CLS 944, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olga R. Brook
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vaishali R. Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Sharma S, Pavuluri S, Srinivasan K, Ghouse M. Thrombotic Microangiopathy in a Patient With COVID-19 Infection and Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma. J Hematol 2021; 10:83-88. [PMID: 34007371 PMCID: PMC8110224 DOI: 10.14740/jh825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case report of a 63-year-old African American female with a past medical history most significant for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma that presented for evaluation of persistent shortness of breath. Initial workup was remarkable for refractory anemia, moderate schistocytes on peripheral smear and lab work suggestive of a hemolytic anemia. Due to concern for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), she subsequently underwent several rounds of plasma exchange without significant improvement. Secondary to progressive renal failure, patient eventually had a renal biopsy with findings remarkable for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Simultaneously, patient was also diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. After a few weeks of supportive care, she was stable for discharge. Unfortunately, she did become dialysis dependent. Prior to hospital admission, she was being treated for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and had received chemotherapy with gemcitabine. Her last chemotherapy session was approximately 3 weeks prior to her first hospitalization. Furthermore, although her hemolytic work did suggest TMA, it was not consistent with the diagnosis of TTP. She was transferred to a tertiary care center where hemolytic labs were trended, and supportive care was maximized. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to further investigate the pathophysiology of TMA in patients with active malignancies and COVID-19 infections. To our knowledge, this is the first case of TMA in a patient with both metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Hematology Oncology, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, 20201 South Crawford Avenue, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA
| | - Sushma Pavuluri
- Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, 20201 South Crawford Avenue, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA
| | - Krishnan Srinivasan
- Hematology Oncology, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, 20201 South Crawford Avenue, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA
| | - Masood Ghouse
- Hematology Oncology, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, 20201 South Crawford Avenue, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA
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Hernanz I, Larque AB, Quintana LF, Espigol-Frigole G, Espinosa G, Adan A, Sainz-de-la-Maza M. Scleritis and sclerokeratitis associated with IgA vasculitis: A case series. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021; 22:101100. [PMID: 33997470 PMCID: PMC8093897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a case series of scleritis associated with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) at a tertiary referral center. Observations Three men with scleritis associated with IgAV were identified: one with anterior scleritis alone, one with anterior scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis (sclerokeratitis), and one with anterior and posterior scleritis. Visual acuity was preserved except from the patient who developed posterior scleritis. Ocular pain was the main symptom at presentation. All patients had a previous history of palpable purpura, but only one was aware of his underlying IgAV. Laboratory results revealed microhematuria and proteinuria with normal urinary β2 microglobulin levels and negative serum ANCAs. Skin or kidney biopsy demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis or glomerulonephritis with dominant IgA immune deposits. Conclusions and Importance Although uncommon, IgAV should be included in the differential diagnosis of anterior scleritis alone or associated with peripheral ulcerative keratitis or posterior scleritis, even in systemically asymptomatic patients. Urinalysis should not be underestimated in assessment of scleritis to detect early stages of glomerular disease. Scleritis may be the first manifestation whose study may lead to the diagnosis of IgAV. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary to prevent irreversible organ damage such as renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hernanz
- Clinical Institute of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A B Larque
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L F Quintana
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Centro de Referencia en Enfermedad Glomerular Compleja del Sistema Nacional de Salud (CSUR), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Espigol-Frigole
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Espinosa
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Adan
- Clinical Institute of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sainz-de-la-Maza
- Clinical Institute of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Matsuyama T, Tomimatsu T, Mimura K, Yagi K, Kawanishi Y, Kakigano A, Nakamura H, Endo M, Kimura T. Complement activation by an angiogenic imbalance leads to systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction: A new proposal for the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103322. [PMID: 33887508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of preeclampsia by which an angiogenic imbalance results in systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Complement activation directly induces endothelial dysfunction and is known to be involved in preeclampsia; nevertheless, the association between complement activation and angiogenic imbalance has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate whether angiogenic imbalance affects the expression and secretion of inhibitory complement factor H (CFH) in endothelial cells, resulting in complement activation and systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction. Viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed upon CFH knockdown by targeted-siRNA, and were incubated with complement factors. HUVECs were also treated with placental growth factor (PlGF) and/or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), and CFH expression and secretion were measured. These cells were evaluated by cell viability assay and cell surface complement activation was quantified by immunocytochemical assessment of C5b-9 deposition. HUVECs transfected with CFH-siRNA had significantly lower viability than that of control cells. Moreover, the expression and secretion of CFH were significantly increased upon PlGF treatment compared with PlGF + sFlt1 combo. HUVECs treated with PlGF had less C5b-9 deposition and higher viability than HUVECs treated with PlGF + sFlt1. In summary, CFH was found to be essential for endothelial cell survival by inhibiting complement activation. An angiogenic imbalance, including decreased PlGF and increased sFlt1, suppresses CFH expression and secretion, resulting in complement activation on the surface of endothelial cells and systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Matsuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Tomimatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Mimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aiko Kakigano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Lu P, Ma Y, Wei S, Liang X. The dual role of complement in cancers, from destroying tumors to promoting tumor development. Cytokine 2021; 143:155522. [PMID: 33849765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complement is an important branch of innate immunity; however, its biological significance goes far beyond the scope of simple nonspecific defense and involves a variety of physiological functions, including the adaptive immune response. In this review, to unravel the complex relationship between complement and tumors, we reviewed the high diversity of complement components in cancer and the heterogeneity of their production and activation pathways. In the tumor microenvironment, complement plays a dual regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors, affecting the outcomes of the immune response. We explored the differential expression levels of various complement components in human cancers via the Oncomine database. The gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) tool and Kaplan-Meier plotter (K-M plotter) confirmed the correlation between differentially expressed complement genes and tumor prognosis. The tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database was used to statistically analyze the effect of complement on tumor immune infiltration. Finally, with a view to the role of complement in regulating T cell metabolism, complement could be a potential target for immunotherapies. Targeting complement to regulate the antitumor immune response seems to have potential for future treatment strategies. However, there are still many complex problems, such as who will benefit from this therapy and how to select the right therapeutic target and determine the appropriate drug concentration. The solutions to these problems depend on a deeper understanding of complement generation, activation, and regulatory and control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaozhong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
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