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Hosoda K, Seno S, Murakami N, Matsuda H, Osada Y, Kamiura R, Kondoh M. Synthetic model ecosystem of 12 cryopreservable microbial species allowing for a noninvasive approach. Biosystems 2024; 235:105087. [PMID: 37989470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous understanding of both population and ecosystem dynamics is crucial in an era marked by the degradation of ecosystem services. Experimental ecosystems are a powerful tool for understanding these dynamics; however, they often face technical challenges, typically falling into two categories: "complex but with limited replicability microcosms" and "highly replicable but overly simplistic microcosms." Herein, we present a high-throughput synthetic microcosm system comprising 12 functionally and phylogenetically diverse microbial species. These species are axenically culturable, cryopreservable, and can be measured noninvasively via microscopy, aided by machine learning. This system includes prokaryotic and eukaryotic producers and decomposers, and eukaryotic consumers to ensure functional redundancy. Our model system exhibited key features of a complex ecosystem: (i) various positive and negative interspecific interactions, (ii) higher-order interactions beyond two-species dynamics, (iii) probabilistic dynamics leading to divergent outcomes, and (iv) stable nonlinear transitions. We identified several conditions under which at least one species from each of the three functional groups-producers, consumers, and decomposers-and one functionally redundant species, persisted for over six months. These conditions set the stage for detailed investigations in the future. Given its designability and experimental replicability, our model ecosystem offers a promising platform for deeper insights integrating both population and ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Hosoda
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan; Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Murakami
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rikuto Kamiura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Tong X, Han Y, Zhou R, Jiang W, Zhu L, Li Y, Huang S, Ma J, Wen C, Lin J. Biodegradable Zn-Dy binary alloys with high strength, ductility, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial ability for bone-implant applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:684-702. [PMID: 36328128 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The unique combination of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality of zinc (Zn)-based alloys makes them highly desirable for a wide range of medical applications. However, a long-standing problem associated with this family of biodegradable alloys in the as-cast state is their limited mechanical strength and slow degradation rate. Here we report the development of Zn-xDy (x = 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) alloys with high strength, ductility, cytocompatibility, antibacterial ability, and appropriate degradation rate for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our results indicate that the mechanical properties of Zn-xDy alloys were effectively improved with increasing Dy addition and hot-rolling due to the second-phase strengthening. The hot-rolled (HR) Zn-3Dy alloy showed the best combined mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 270.5 MPa, a yield strength of 214.8 MPa, an elongation of 55.1%, and Brinell hardness of 75.9 HB. The corrosion and degradation rates of HR Zn-xDy alloys in Hanks' solution gradually increased with increasing Dy addition due to the intensification of galvanic corrosion. The HR Zn-3Dy alloy showed high antibacterial ability against S. aureus and cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 cells among all the HR alloys. Overall, the HR Zn-3Dy alloy can be considered a promising biodegradable material for bone implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports on Zn-xDy (x = 1, 3, and 5%) alloys fabricated by Dy alloying followed by hot-rolling for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our findings demonstrate that the hot-rolled (HR) Zn-3Dy alloy showed the best combined mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 270.5 MPa, a yield strength of 214.8 MPa, an elongation of 55.1%, and Brinell hardness of 75.9 HB. The corrosion and degradation rates of HR Zn-xDy alloys in Hanks' solution gradually increased with increasing Dy addition due to the intensification of galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, the HR Zn-3Dy alloy showed greater antibacterial ability against S. aureus and the best cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 cells among all the HR alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tong
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Runqi Zhou
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wanying Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Jixing Lin
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Siciliano A, Guida M, Serafini S, Micillo M, Galdiero E, Carfagna S, Salbitani G, Tommasi F, Lofrano G, Padilla Suarez EG, Gjata I, Brouziotis AA, Trifuoggi M, Liguori R, Race M, Fabbricino M, Libralato G. Long-term multi-endpoint exposure of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata to lanthanum and cerium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148229. [PMID: 34380244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Significant release of rare earth elements (REEs) into the environment is mainly due to active or abandoned mining sites, but their presence is globally increasing due to their use in several industrial sectors. The effects on primary producers as Raphidocelis subcapitata are still limited. This research focused on La and Ce as the two most widespread REEs that can be currently found up to hundreds of μg/L in water and wastewater. Microalgae were exposed to La and Ce for 3 days (pH = 7.8) (short-term exposure) to derive the effective concentrations inhibiting the growth on 10% (EC10) of the exposed population. EC10 values (0.5 mg/L of La and 0.4 mg/L of Ce) were used for the 28 days long-term exposure (renewal test) to observe after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days on a multi-endpoint basis microalgae growth inhibition (GI), biomarkers of stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)), and bioconcentration. Results evidenced that La and Ce EC10 increased GI (day 28) up to 38% and 28%, respectively. ROS, CAT, and SOD activities showed differential responses from day 7 to day 14, 21, and 28, suggesting, in most of the cases, that La and Ce effects were counteracted (i.e., being the values at day 28 not significantly different, p > 0.05, from the relative negative controls), except for La-related ROS activities. La and Ce significantly bioconcentrated in microalgae populations up to 2- and 5-fold (i.e., at day 28 compared to day 7), in that order. Bioconcentrated La and Ce were up to 3157 and 1232 μg/g dry weight (day 28), respectively. These results suggested that low La and Ce concentrations can be slightly toxic to R. subcapitata having the potential to be bioaccumulated and potentially transferred along the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Serafini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Micillo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Salbitani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Tommasi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Edith Guadalupe Padilla Suarez
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Isidora Gjata
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonios Apostolos Brouziotis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Liguori
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Maurya R, Pandey AK. Importance of protozoa Tetrahymena in toxicological studies: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140058. [PMID: 32599397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahymena is a single-cell eukaryotic organism present in all aquatic environments and can easily be maintained in laboratory conditions in a cost-effective manner. This review gives a brief description of the physiology of Tetrahymena, culture handling, and maintenance of Tetrahymena species. The review article focuses on various toxicological bioassays at different biological organizational (biochemical, individual, population, and community) levels. Furthermore, some techniques such as single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and microcalorimetry assay are also available to investigate the effect of xenobiotics on the integrity of DNA and metabolic state of Tetrahymena species respectively. The article also discusses how the general physiology, behavioural activities and different organelles of Tetrahymena could be useful in toxicological studies. The strength and limitations of Tetrahymena over other model organisms are also discussed. This article also provides suggestions to overcome some problems related to toxicity assessment. Various aspects associated with variability in results, toxicity endpoints, characteristics of organisms and responses against xenobiotic substances (old and new emerging toxicants) are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Maurya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Malhotra N, Hsu HS, Liang ST, Roldan MJM, Lee JS, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1663. [PMID: 32947815 PMCID: PMC7552131 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) or "technology metals" were coined by the U.S. Department of Energy, a group of seventeen elements found in the Earth's crust. These chemical elements are vital and irreplaceable to the world of technology owing to their unique physical, chemical, and light-emitting properties, all of which are beneficial in modern healthcare, telecommunication, and defense. Rare earth elements are relatively abundant in Earth's crust, with critical qualities to the device performance. The reuse and recycling of rare earth elements through different technologies can minimize impacts on the environment; however, there is insufficient data about their biological, bioaccumulation, and health effects. The increasing usage of rare earth elements has raised concern about environmental toxicity, which may further cause harmful effects on human health. The study aims to review the toxicity analysis of these rare earth elements concerning aquatic biota, considering it to be the sensitive indicator of the environment. Based on the limited reports of REE effects, the review highlights the need for more detailed studies on the hormetic effects of REEs. Aquatic biota is a cheap, robust, and efficient platform to study REEs' toxicity, mobility of REEs, and biomagnification in water bodies. REEs' diverse effects on aquatic life forms have been observed due to the lack of safety limits and extensive use in the various sectors. In accordance with the available data, we have put in efforts to compile all the relevant research results in this paper related to the topic "toxicity effect of REEs on aquatic life".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Hua-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
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Oral R, Pagano G, Siciliano A, Gravina M, Palumbo A, Castellano I, Migliaccio O, Thomas PJ, Guida M, Tommasi F, Trifuoggi M. Heavy rare earth elements affect early life stages in Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula sea urchins. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:240-246. [PMID: 28107742 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) have been scarcely studied for their toxicity, in spite of their applications in several technologies. Thus HREEs require timely investigations for their adverse health effects. METHODS Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula embryos and sperm were exposed to trichloride salts of five HREEs (Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Lu) and to Ce(III) as a light REE (LREE) reference to evaluate: 1) developmental defects (% DD) in HREE-exposed larvae or in the offspring of HREE-exposed sperm; 2) mitotic anomalies; 3) fertilization success; and 4) reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Nominal HREE concentrations were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS HREEs induced concentration-related DD increases in P. lividus and A. lixula larvae, ranging from no significant DD increase at 10-7M HREEs up to ≅100% DD at 10-5M HREE. Larvae exposed to 10-5M Ce(III) resulted in less severe DD rates compared to HREEs. Decreased mitotic activity and increased aberration rates were found in HREE-exposed P. lividus embryos. Significant increases in ROS formation and NO levels were found both in HREE-exposed and in Ce(III) embryos, whereas only Ce(III), but not HREEs resulted in significant increase in MDA levels. Sperm exposure to HREEs (10-5-10-4M) resulted in a concentration-related decrease in fertilization success along with increase in offspring damage. These effects were significantly enhanced for Dy(III), Ho(III), Er(III) and Yb(III), compared to Lu(III) and to Ce(III). CONCLUSION HREE-associated toxicity affected embryogenesis, fertilization, cytogenetic and redox endpoints showing different toxicities of tested HREEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Oral
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- "Federico II" University of Naples, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- "Federico II" University of Naples, Department of Biology, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gravina
- "Federico II" University of Naples, Department of Biology, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science & Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center - Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3
| | - Marco Guida
- "Federico II" University of Naples, Department of Biology, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Trifuoggi
- "Federico II" University of Naples, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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Vukov O, Smith DS, McGeer JC. Acute dysprosium toxicity to Daphnia pulex and Hyalella azteca and development of the biotic ligand approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:142-151. [PMID: 26655658 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological understanding of rare earth elements (REEs) in the aquatic environment is very limited but of increasing concern. The objective of this research is to compare the toxicological effect of the REE dysprosium to the freshwater invertebrates Daphnia pulex and Hyalella azteca and in the more sensitive organism, understand the toxicity modifying influence of Ca, Na, Mg, pH and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Standard methods (Environment Canada) were followed for testing and culture in media of intermediate hardness (60mg CaCO3 mg/L) at pH 7.8 with Ca at 0.5, Na 0.5, Mg 0.125 (mM) and 23°C. Acute toxicity tests were done with <24h old neonates for 48h in the case of D. pulex and with 2-9 days old offspring for 96h tests with Hyalella. The potential protective effect of cationic competition was tested with Ca (0.5-2.0mM), Na (0.5-2.0mM) and Mg (0.125-0.5mM). The effect of pH (6.5-8.0) and Suwannee River DOM complexation (at dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of 9 and 13mg C/L) were evaluated. Dissolved Dy concentrations were lower than total (unfiltered) indicating precipitation, particularly at higher concentrations. Acute toxicity of Dy to H. azteca and D. pulex revealed Hyalella to be 1.4 times more sensitive than Daphnia. Additions of Ca and Na but not Mg provided significant protection against Dy toxicity to Hyalella. Similarly, low pH was associated with reduction in toxicity. Exposures which were pH buffered with and without MOPS were significantly different and indicated that MOPS enhanced Dy toxicity. DOM also mitigated Dy toxicity. Biotic ligand based parameters (LogK values) were calculated based on free ion relationships as determined by geochemical equilibrium modeling software (WHAM ver. 7.02). The logK value for Dy(3+) toxicity to Hyalella was 7.75 while the protective influence of Ca and Na were 3.95 and 4.10, respectively. This study contributes data towards the development of site specific water quality guidelines and criteria for Dy and possibly REEs in general and offers insight into the complex bio-geochemical nature of this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vukov
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - D Scott Smith
- Chemistry Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - James C McGeer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
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Yang L, Hort N, Laipple D, Höche D, Huang Y, Kainer KU, Willumeit R, Feyerabend F. Element distribution in the corrosion layer and cytotoxicity of alloy Mg-10Dy during in vitro biodegradation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8475-87. [PMID: 23063554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the corrosion behaviour, the element distribution in the corrosion layer and the cytocompatibility of alloy Mg-10Dy. The corrosion experiments were performed in a cell culture medium (CCM) under cell culture conditions close to the in vivo environment. The element distribution on the surface as well as in cross-sections of the corrosion layer was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The cytocompatibility of alloy Mg-10Dy with primary human osteoblasts was evaluated by MTT, cell adhesion and live/dead staining tests. The results show that the corrosion layer was enriched in Dy, while the P and Ca content gradually decreased from the surface to the bottom of the corrosion layer. In addition, large amounts of MgCO3·3H2O formed in the corrosion layer after 28 days immersion. Both extracts and the Dy-enriched corrosion layer of alloy Mg-10Dy showed no cytotoxicity to primary human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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Fuma S, Kawaguchi I, Kubota Y, Yoshida S, Kawabata Z, Polikarpov GG. Effects of chronic γ-irradiation on the aquatic microbial microcosm: equi-dosimetric comparison with effects of heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 104:81-86. [PMID: 21962482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of chronic γ-irradiation were investigated in the aquatic microcosm consisting of flagellate algae Euglena gracilis as producers, ciliate protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila as consumers and bacteria Escherichia coli as decomposers. At 1.1 Gy day(-1), no effects were observed. At 5.1 Gy day(-1), cell densities of E. coli showed a tendency to be lower than those of controls. At 9.7 and 24.7 Gy day(-1), population decrease was observed in E. coli. E. gracilis and T. thermophila died out after temporal population decrease and subsequent population increase in T. thermophila. It is likely that this temporal population increase was an indirect effect due to interspecies interactions. Effect dose rates of γ-rays were compared with effect concentrations of some metals using the radiochemoecological conceptual model and the effect index for microcosm. Comparison of these community-level effects data with environmental exposure data suggests that ionising radiation, gadolinium and dysprosium have low risks to affect aquatic microbial communities while manganese, nickel and copper have considerable risks. Effects of chronic irradiation were smaller than those of acute irradiation, and an acute to chronic ratio was calculated to be 28 by dividing an acute dose by chronic daily dose rate at which the effect index was 10%. This ratio would be useful for community-level extrapolation from acute to chronic radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Fuma
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Fuma S, Ishii N, Takeda H, Miyamoto K, Yanagisawa K, Doi K, Kawaguchi I, Tanaka N, Inamori Y, Polikarpov GG. Effects of acute gamma-irradiation on the aquatic microbial microcosm in comparison with chemicals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2009; 100:1027-1033. [PMID: 19604608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Effects of acute gamma-irradiation were investigated in the aquatic microcosm consisting of green algae (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) and a blue-green alga (Tolypothrix sp.) as producers; an oligochaete (Aeolosoma hemprichi), rotifers (Lecane sp. and Philodina sp.) and a ciliate protozoan (Cyclidium glaucoma) as consumers; and more than four species of bacteria as decomposers. At 100 Gy, populations were not affected in any taxa. At 500-5000 Gy, one or three taxa died out and populations of two or three taxa decreased over time, while that of Tolypothrix sp. increased. This Tolypothrix sp. increase was likely an indirect effect due to interspecies interactions. The principal response curve analysis revealed that the main trend of the effects was a dose-dependent population decrease. For a better understanding of radiation risks in aquatic microbial communities, effect doses of gamma-rays compared with copper, herbicides and detergents were evaluated using the radiochemoecological conceptual model and the effect index for microcosm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Fuma
- Environmental Radiation Effects Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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