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Laicher D, Benkendorff K, White S, Conrad S, Woodrow RL, Butcherine P, Sanders CJ. Pesticide occurrence in an agriculturally intensive and ecologically important coastal aquatic system in Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113675. [PMID: 35642798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal agricultural practices are often located in catchments upstream of ecologically important aquatic systems. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pesticides in a coastal creek flowing into a habitat-protected area within the Solitary Islands Marine Park, Australia. Water samples were collected from six sites along a creek transect during three sampling periods. Samples were analysed for 171 pesticide analytes, including organochlorines, organophosphates, herbicides, and fungicides. Five insecticides, two herbicides, and two fungicides were detected. The neonicotinoid imidacloprid was detected at 5 out of 6 sites, with concentrations reaching 294 μg L-1, the highest yet detected in Australian waterways. The organophosphate insecticide dimethoate was detected at 4 sites, which occurred at the 2nd highest detected concentration in the study (12.8 μg L-1). The presence of these pesticides in the aquatic environment downstream of horticulture in this and other regions may have serious implications for stream biota and ecologically important marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Laicher
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane White
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Conrad
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Woodrow
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Butcherine
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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Xiao K, Zhu N, Lu Z, Zheng H, Cui C, Gao Y, Gao Y, Meng X, Liu Y, Cai M. Distribution of eight organophosphorus pesticides and their oxides in surface water of the East China Sea based on high volume solid phase extraction method. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116886. [PMID: 33743440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the occurrence of eight organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in the East China Sea. Forty samples were collected and analysed with a high volume solid phase extraction method (Hi-throat/Hi-volume SPE) in the early summer of 2020. All the target OPPs were detected in the surface water at one or more stations in the East China Sea, and the concentrations of ΣOPPs were in the range 0.0775-3.09 ng/L (mean: 0.862 ± 0.624 ng/L). Terbufos sulfone and fenthion were the main pollutants in this area, probably resulting from pesticide use in China and other countries. The off-shore input from coastal regions was suggested to be a major source of OPP pollution in the East China Sea, and the movement of ocean currents played an important role in their transportation because around 0.86 t OPPs passed through the Tsushima Strait from the East China Sea each month. An ecological risk assessment showed that these OPPs presented a high risk to species in the East China Sea, whereas they posed no health risk to humans under both the median and high exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Ningzheng Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Chao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Yunze Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangzhou Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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Wu Z, Yang L, Tang Y, Qiang Z, Li M. Dimethoate degradation by VUV/UV process: Kinetics, mechanism and economic feasibility. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129724. [PMID: 33524761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) process has been applied to water treatment recently, but little is known about its efficacy and mechanism for pesticide degradation. This study investigated the degradation kinetics and mechanism of a typical organophosphorus pesticide, dimethoate (DMT) by VUV/UV, and then the economic feasibility was assessed. DMT degradation followed well the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics at an initial concentration of ≤5.0 mg L-1. DMT was degraded by 97.8% after 10 min of VUV/UV exposure (VUV fluence = 12 mJ cm-2), whereas by only 5.2% after 10 min of UV exposure (UV fluence = 156 mJ cm-2). The apparent quantum yield of DMT degradation by VUV/UV was determined to be 0.19, and at most 50.7% of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) generated from VUV photolysis of water could be utilized for DMT degradation. As the pH increased from 5.0 to 9.0, the DMT degradation rate decreased from 0.43 to 0.23 min-1. DMT degradation pathways in the VUV/UV process were proposed based on identified organic intermediates and inorganic ions. SO42- was first released due to HO• attack on the SP bond of DMT, which governed the DMT degradation efficiency; while the release of PO43- was pertinent to the DMT mineralization efficiency. DMT solution toxicity was significantly reduced after VUV/UV treatment. An electrical energy-per-order (EEO) value of 0.57 kWh m-3 Order-1 demonstrated the economic feasibility of the VUV/UV process for DMT removal in small-scale drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Laxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, No. 28, Lane 3, Shaoshui West Road, Shaoyang, 422900, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Megharaj M. Sorption-desorption of dimethoate in urban soils and potential environmental impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2256-2265. [PMID: 33052991 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate and impact of dimethoate application in the urban environment were assessed in nine selected soils. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model described the kinetics of dimethoate sorption very well in the urban soils exhibiting two distinct phases, an initial partitioning into clay surfaces and soil organic matter, and eventual diffusion into soil micropores. Dimethoate sorption in the urban soils followed the Freundlich model with an R2 value of 0.94-0.99, suggesting a multi-layered sorption on the heterogeneous surfaces. Sorption of dimethoate in the soils was influenced by clay, silt, organic matter, carboxyl and alkyl groups, and Al and Fe oxides. The undecomposed or incompletely decomposed organic matter present in the soils greatly reduced the sorption and enhanced desorption. The calculated lower values for Freundlich constant (KF) indicate the high mobility of dimethoate in the selected soils. Also, the values of groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), leachability index (LIX), hysteresis index (HI), and coefficient of distribution (Kd) for dimethoate in the soils clearly suggest that the insecticide is prone to leaching out significantly from the soil surface to groundwater. Moreover, the surface runoff from impervious places in the urban environment can be considered as a direct source of groundwater contamination, thereby affecting the quality of potable water besides posing a threat to non-target organisms of ecological importance and food safety. Thus, the present novel study suggests that the application of dimethoate in the urban environment having impervious surfaces must be judicious in order to minimize the potential human and ecological health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Yang L, Zhang Z. Degradation of six typical pesticides in water by VUV/UV/chlorine process: Evaluation of the synergistic effect. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:439-447. [PMID: 31228663 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet/chlorine (VUV/UV/chlorine) is considered a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP), but little is known about its kinetics for pollutant degradation in water treatment. This study investigated the degradation of six typical pesticides, namely dimethoate (DMT), atrazine (ATZ), prometon (PMT), propoxur (PPX), bromacil (BRM) and propachlor (PPC), by VUV/UV/chlorine. The results show that all pesticides were rapidly degraded by VUV/UV/chlorine with a high removal efficiency of over 95% after 60 s. The pesticide degradation fitted well with pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and a significant synergistic effect was observed during the VUV/UV/chlorine process. The synergistic factor (FV/U/Cl) for DMT, ATZ, PMT, PPX, BRM and PPC were determined to be 1.75, 1.70, 2.06, 1.57, 2.84 and 1.61, respectively, indicating a synergistic improvement of 57%-184% for all pesticides. As hydroxyl radical (HO•) transformed into reactive chlorine species (RCSs), the contribution ratio of RCSs for the pesticide degradation was much higher than that of HO• in the VUV/UV/chlorine process, thus causing the synergistic effect. Solution pH ranging from 5.0 to 10.0 had various influence on the pesticide degradation by VUV/UV/chlorine. As initial concentration of free chlorine increased from 0 to 0.25 mM, the apparent rate constants of the pesticides kept on increasing while the FV/U/Cl first increased and reached the highest value, and decreased afterwards. The formation of nitrite was significantly inhibited during the degradation of all pesticides by VUV/UV/chlorine. It suggests that VUV/UV/chlorine is a promising AOP for the pesticide degradation in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxiang Yang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, No. 28, Lane 3, Shaoshui West Road, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, No. 28, Lane 3, Shaoshui West Road, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
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Deshpande LS, DeLorenzo RJ. Novel therapeutics for treating organophosphate-induced status epilepticus co-morbidities, based on changes in calcium homeostasis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 133:104418. [PMID: 30872159 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) chemicals include pesticides such as parathion, and nerve gases such as sarin and soman and are considered major chemical threat agents. Acute OP exposure is associated with a cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE). It is also known that the survivors of OP toxicity exhibit neurobehavioral deficits such as mood changes, depression, and memory impairment, and acquired epilepsy. Our research has focused on addressing the need to develop effective therapeutic agents that could be administered even after prolonged seizures and would prevent or lessen the chronic morbidity associated with OP-SE survival. We have developed rat survival models of OP pesticide metabolite paraoxon (POX) and nerve agent sarin surrogate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) induced SE that are being used to screen for medical countermeasures against an OP attack. Our research has focused on studying neuronal calcium (Ca2+) homeostatic mechanisms for identifying mechanisms and therapeutics for the expression of neurological morbidities associated with OP-SE survival. We have observed development of a "Ca2+ plateau" characterized by sustained elevations in neuronal Ca2+ levels in OP-SE surviving rats that coincided with the appearance of OP-SE chronic morbidities. These Ca2+ elevations had their origin in Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores such that blockade with antagonists like dantrolene, carisbamate, and levetiracetam lowered OP-SE mediated Ca2+ plateau and afforded significant neuroprotection. Since the Ca2+ plateau lasts for a prolonged period, our studies suggest that blocking it after the control of SE may represent a unique target for development of novel countermeasures to prevent long term Ca2+ mediated OP-SE neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and acquired epilepsy (AE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant S Deshpande
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Robert J DeLorenzo
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Snider TH, McGarry KG, Babin MC, Jett DA, Platoff GE, Yeung DT. Acute toxicity of phorate oxon by oral gavage in the Sprague-Dawley rat. FUNDAMENTAL TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 3:195-204. [PMID: 28856079 PMCID: PMC5573267 DOI: 10.2131/fts.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The oral toxicity of phorate oxon (PHO), with emphasis on gender- and age-related effects, was characterized in the Sprague-Dawley rat. The oral LD50 (95% fiducial limits) for PHO in corn oil was 0.88 (0.79, 1.04) mg/kg in males and 0.55 (0.46, 0.63) mg/kg in females with a probit slope of 15. Females had higher baseline blood cholinesterase titers, but males were significantly more tolerant. Younger rats generally had lower absolute cholinesterase blood titers. However as PHO challenges increased, baseline-normalized cholinesterase inhibition was independent of age and gender. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and especially acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brains of younger females were affected more than that in either males or older females. In summary, while female rats, especially older females, had higher titers relative to males, female rats were more susceptible in terms of absolute cholinesterase inhibition and 24-hr lethality data, but the differences were not observed when titers were normalized to baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David A. Jett
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gennady E. Platoff
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David T. Yeung
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Pan Y, Guo X, Zhu J, Wang X, Zhang H, Kang Y, Wu T, Du Y. A new SERS substrate based on silver nanoparticle functionalized polymethacrylate monoliths in a capillary, and it application to the trace determination of pesticides. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tian F, Liu W, Guo G, Qiang Z, Zhang C. Kinetics and mechanism of dimethoate chlorination during drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:181-187. [PMID: 24377445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate (DMT), a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide, is of great concern because of its toxicity and potentially harmful effects on water sources. The elimination of DMT as well as the toxicity and persistence of the byproducts formed during DMT degradation is most important for the safety of drinking water. This study first determined the reaction kinetics of DMT with free chlorine (FC) under typical water treatment conditions. The reaction between DMT and FC proceeded rapidly, exhibiting first-order with respect to each reactant. The degradation of DMT by FC was highly pH dependent, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant decreased obviously from 0.13 to 0.02 s(-1) with an increase in pH from 7.0 to 8.3. Bromide ion accelerated the reaction by acting as a catalyst, and the accelerated reaction rate was linearly proportional to the bromide concentration. As a ubiquitous component in natural waters, humic acid also increased the reaction rate. However, the presence of ammonium inhibited the degradation of DMT due to its rapid converting FC to chloramines. Omethoate (OMT) was identified as an important byproduct of DMT chlorination, but only accounted for ca. 28% of the DMT degraded; and other two organic byproducts were also identified. The acute toxicity of DMT solution increased after treatment with FC due to the formation of more toxic byproducts (e.g. OMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guang Guo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, China
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Moore DRJ, Teed RS. Risks of carbamate and organophosphate pesticide mixtures to salmon in the Pacific Northwest. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2013; 9:70-78. [PMID: 22736415 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest are being affected by a variety of environmental stressors including intense fishing pressure, parasites and disease, climatic variability and change, land development, hatchery production, hydropower operations, stormwater runoff, and exposure to toxic contaminants. In recent years, there has been much concern that mixtures of pesticides are causing toxic effects to Pacific salmon. In this study, we compared measured stream water concentrations from 2 monitoring studies conducted in the Pacific Northwest with concentration-response curves derived for inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) for mixtures of organophosphate (OPs) and carbamate (CBs) pesticides. In the first monitoring study, samples were collected from 2003 to 2007 in salmonid-bearing waters of 5 urban or agricultural watersheds in Washington State. This study was targeted to areas of high pesticide use and generally involved weekly sampling during the pesticide use season. The second monitoring study was the United States Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment that included samples taken from 2003 to 2010 in California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. OPs and CBs were frequently detected in both studies. The available monitoring data collected since 2003, however, demonstrates that mixtures of OPs and CBs in surface waters rarely occur at levels capable of producing significant physiological and behavioral effects in Pacific salmon. The observed mixtures never reached concentrations capable of causing mortality. We conclude that mixtures of organophosphates and carbamates do not pose a significant direct risk to Pacific salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne R J Moore
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences (US), New Gloucester, ME 04260, USA.
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