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Colmenares-Prado M, Martínez Cortizas A, Veiga-Rilo C, López-Costas O. Application of FTIR spectroscopy to infer ante- and post-mortem changes in archaeological human bone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 330:125675. [PMID: 39756133 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Several studies have used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess chemical and structural changes caused by diagenesis in archaeological human bone, whereas other factors such as individual's biological profile (sex and age) or the type of bone have seldom been considered. In this study transmission FTIR was applied to 51 bone samples from 19 post-Roman individuals of A Lanzada necropolis (NW Spain). Mid-infrared (MIR) indices (IRSF, MMI, C/P, C/C, Am/P, BPI, API, AmI/AmII) were also calculated and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore peak ratios and differences across the whole spectrum. PCA components showed correlation to the C/P and Am/P indices, as well as differences in the Amide III absorbance trends versus Amide A, B, I and II. Signals related to soil material (silicates and aliphatic organic matter) were also revealed by the PCA in some samples. No significant differences in bone composition per sex were found, but cranial carbonate content was significantly higher in non-adults than in adults, and ribs presented a higher amide-to-phosphate ratio (Am/P) than femora and crania. Ribs showed the most altered bioapatite, in agreement with a previous study based on the elemental composition of the samples analysed here. Bioapatite alteration may be responsible for the higher amide content relative to phosphate (i.e., preferential preservation of collagen) in ribs. Thus, caution is advisable when using the Am/P index to assess collagen preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Colmenares-Prado
- CRETUS, EcoPast (GI‑1553), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martínez Cortizas
- CRETUS, EcoPast (GI‑1553), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Clara Veiga-Rilo
- Group EcoPast (GI-1553), CRETUS, Area of Archaeology, Dpt of History, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Olalla López-Costas
- Group EcoPast (GI-1553), CRETUS, Area of Archaeology, Dpt of History, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Wallenberglaboratoriet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Paschalis EP, Mabilleau G. Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging of Bone. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2885:671-681. [PMID: 40448784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4306-8_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) is a technique that can be used to analyze the material properties of bone using tissue sections. In this chapter, I describe the basic principles of FTIR and the methods for capturing and analyzing FTIR images in bone sections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- University of Angers, Inserm UMR-S 1229 "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton" & Angers University Hospital, Bone Pathology Unit, Angers, France
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3
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Feng C, Zhang K, Zhan S, Gan Y, Xiang X, Niu W. Mechanical impact of regional structural deterioration and tissue-level compensation on proximal femur trabecular bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1448708. [PMID: 39315313 PMCID: PMC11416999 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1448708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis-induced changes in bone structure and composition significantly reduce bone strength, particularly in the human proximal femur. This study examines how these changes affect the mechanical performance of trabecular bone to enhance diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies. Methods A proximal femur sample was scanned using micro-CT at 40 μm resolution. Five regions of interest were selected within the femoral head, femoral neck, and greater trochanter. Structural models simulating various stages of osteoporosis were created using image processing software. Micro-finite element analysis evaluated the mechanical properties of trabecular bone under different conditions of structural deterioration and tissue-level elastic modulus variations. The combined effects of structural deterioration and tissue-level mechanical properties on trabecular bone mechanical performance were further analyzed. Results The mechanical performance of trabecular bone generally follows a power-law relationship with its microstructural characteristics. However, in any specific region, the apparent mechanical properties linearly decrease with structural deterioration. The femoral neck and greater trochanter are more sensitive to structural deterioration than the femoral head. A 5% bone mass loss in the femoral head led to a 7% reduction in mechanical performance, while the femoral neck experienced a 12% loss. Increasing tissue-level elastic modulus improved mechanical performance, partially offsetting bone mass reduction effects. Conclusion Trabecular bone in low bone mass regions is more affected by bone mass loss. Structural deterioration primarily reduces bone strength, but improvements in tissue-level properties can mitigate this effect, especially in early osteoporosis. Targeted assessments and interventions are crucial for effective management. Future research should explore heterogeneous deterioration models to better understand osteoporosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Feng
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Biomechanical Laboratory of Orthopedic Surgery Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiong Gan
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhao Xiang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Micheletti C, Shah FA. Bone hierarchical organization through the lens of materials science: Present opportunities and future challenges. Bone Rep 2024; 22:101783. [PMID: 39100913 PMCID: PMC11295937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiscale characterization is essential to better understand the hierarchical architecture of bone and an array of analytical methods contributes to exploring the various structural and compositional aspects. Incorporating X-ray tomography, X-ray scattering, vibrational spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography alongside electron microscopy provides a comprehensive approach, offering insights into the diverse levels of organization within bone. X-ray scattering techniques reveal information about collagen-mineral spatial relationships, while X-ray tomography captures 3D structural details, especially at the microscale. Electron microscopy, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, extends resolution to the nanoscale, showcasing intricate features such as collagen fibril organization. Additionally, atom probe tomography achieves sub-nanoscale resolution and high chemical sensitivity, enabling detailed examination of bone composition. Despite various technical challenges, a correlative approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of bone material properties. Real-time investigations through in situ and in operando approaches shed light on the dynamic processes in bone. Recently developed techniques such as liquid, in situ transmission electron microscopy provide insights into calcium phosphate formation and collagen mineralization. Mechanical models developed in the effort to link structure, composition, and function currently remain oversimplified but can be improved. In conclusion, correlative analytical platforms provide a holistic perspective of bone extracellular matrix and are essential for unraveling the intricate interplay between structure and composition within bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Wehrle-Martinez A, Waterland MR, Naffa R, Lawrence K, Back PJ, Rogers CW, Dittmer K. Bone quality changes as measured by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy in primiparous cows with humeral fracture from New Zealand. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1063427. [PMID: 36846251 PMCID: PMC9948244 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1063427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of spontaneous humeral fractures in primiparous dairy cows from New Zealand prompted the study of bone material from affected cows to further characterize this condition and to outline a likely pathogenesis. Previous studies indicate that these cows developed osteoporosis due to periods of suboptimal bone formation followed by increased bone resorption during the period of lactation complicated by copper deficiency. We hypothesized that there are significant differences in the chemical composition/bone quality in bones from cows with spontaneous humeral fracture compared to cows without humeral fractures. In this study, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy band ratios were, for the first time, measured, calculated, and compared in bone samples from 67 primiparous dairy cows that suffered a spontaneous fracture of the humerus and 14 age-matched post-calving cows without humeral fractures. Affected bone showed a significantly reduced mineral/matrix ratio, increased bone remodeling, newer bone tissue with lower mineralization and, lower carbonate substitution, and reduced crystallinity. As such, is likely that these have detrimentally impacted bone quality and strength in affected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Wehrle-Martinez
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Alvaro Wehrle-Martinez ✉
| | - Mark R. Waterland
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rafea Naffa
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lawrence
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Penny J. Back
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chris W. Rogers
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keren Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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6
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Chan DD, Mashiatulla M, Li J, Ross RD, Pendyala M, Patwa A, Grinstaff MW, Plaas A, Sumner DR. Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography of compartment and time-dependent changes in femoral cartilage and subchondral plate in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:92-109. [PMID: 35751529 PMCID: PMC10084428 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis (OA) progression limits the development of effective long-term treatments. Quantitatively tracking spatiotemporal patterns of cartilage and bone degeneration is critical for assessment of more appropriately targeted OA therapies. In this study, we use contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (μCT) to establish a timeline of subchondral plate (SCP) and cartilage changes in the murine femur after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). We performed DMM or sham surgery in 10-12-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice. Femora were imaged using μCT after 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. Cartilage-optimized scans were performed after immersion in contrast agent CA4+. Bone mineral density distribution (BMDD), cartilage attenuation, SCP, and cartilage thickness and volume were measured, including lateral and medial femoral condyle and patellar groove compartments. As early as 2 weeks post-DMM, cartilage thickness significantly increased and cartilage attenuation, SCP volume, and BMDD mean significantly decreased. Trends in cartilage and SCP metrics within each joint compartment reflected those seen in global measurements, and both BMDD and SCP thickness were consistently greater in the lateral and medial condyles than the patellar groove. Sham surgery also resulted in significant changes to SCP and cartilage metrics, highlighting a potential limitation of using surgical models to study tissue morphology or composition changes during OA progression. Contrast-enhanced μCT analysis is an effective tool to monitor changes in morphology and composition of cartilage, and when combined with bone-optimized μCT, can be used to assess the progression of degenerative changes after joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva D Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Maleeha Mashiatulla
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Meghana Pendyala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Amit Patwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Chemistry, Navrachana University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Gamsjaeger S, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Paschalis EP. Cortical bone material / compositional properties in growing children and young adults aged 1.5-23 years, as a function of gender, age, metabolic activity, and growth spurt. Bone 2022; 165:116548. [PMID: 36122648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone material / compositional properties are significant determinants of bone quality, thus strength. Raman spectroscopic analysis provides information on the quantity and quality of all three bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, and tissue water). The overwhelming majority of the published reports on the subject concern adults. We have previously reported on these properties in growing children and young adults, in the cancellous compartment. The purpose of the present study was to create normative reference data of bone material / compositional properties for children and young adults, in the cortical compartment. We performed Raman (Senterra (Bruker Optik GmbH), 50× objective, with an excitation of 785 nm (100 mW) and a lateral resolution of ~0.6 μm) microspectroscopic analysis of transiliac bone samples from 54 individuals between 1.5 and 23 years of age, with no known metabolic bone disease, and which have been previously used to establish histomorphometric, bone mineralization density distribution, and cancellous bone quality reference values. The bone quality indices that were determined were: mineral/matrix ratio (MM) from the integrated areas of the v2PO4 (410-460 cm-1) and the amide III (1215-1300 cm-1) bands, tissue water in nanopores approximated by the ratio of the integrated spectral area ~ 494-509 cm-1 to Amide III band, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (ratio of integrated area 1365-1390 cm-1 to the Amide III band, the sulfated proteoglycan (sPG) content as the ratio of the integrated peaks ~1062 cm-1 and 1365-1390 cm-1, the pyridinoline (Pyd) content estimated from the ratio of the absorbance height at 1660 cm-1 / area of the amide I (1620-1700 cm-1) band, and the mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) estimated from the inverse of the full width at half height of the v1PO4 (930-980 cm-1) band. Analyses were performed at the three distinct cortical surfaces (endosteal, osteonal, periosteal) at specific anatomical microlocations, namely the osteoid, and the three precisely known tissue ages based on the presence of fluorescence double labels. Measurements were also taken in interstitial bone, a much older tissue that has undergone extensive secondary mineralization. Overall, significant dependencies of the measured parameters on tissue age were observed, while at any given tissue age, sex and subject age were minimal confounders. The established Raman database in the cortical compartments complements the previously published one in cancellous bone, and provides healthy baseline bone quality indices that may serve as a valuable tool to identify alterations due to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Klaushofer K, Shane E, Cohen A, Stepan J, Pavo I, Eriksen EF, Taylor KA, Dempster DW. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with teriparatide for 24 months reverts forming bone quality indices to premenopausal healthy control values. Bone 2022; 162:116478. [PMID: 35779845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) therapies are frequently evaluated by bone mineral density (BMD) gains against patients receiving placebo (calcium and vitamin D supplementation, a mild bone turnover-suppressing intervention), which is not equivalent to either healthy or treatment-naive PMOP. The aim of the present observational study was to assess the effects of TPTD treatment in PMOP (20 μg, once daily) at 6 (TPTD 6m; n = 28, age 65 ± 7.3 years), and 24 (TPTD 24m; n = 32, age 67.4 ± 6.15 years) months on bone quality indices at actively forming trabecular surfaces (with fluorescent double labels). Data from the TPTD-treated PMOP patients were compared with those in healthy adult premenopausal women (HC; n = 62, age 40.5 ± 10.6 years), and PMOP receiving placebo (PMOP-PLC; n = 94, age 70.6 ± 4.5 years). Iliac crest biopsies were analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy at three distinct tissue ages: mid-distance between the second label and the bone surface, mid-distance between the two labels, and 1 μm behind the first label. Mineral to matrix ratio (MM), mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC), tissue water (TW), glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), and pyridinoline (Pyd) content were determined. Outcomes were compared by ANCOVA with subject age and tissue age as covariates, and health status as a fixed factor, followed by Sidak's post-hoc testing (significance assigned to p < 0.05). Both TPTD groups increased MM compared to PMOP-PLC. While TPTD 6m had values similar to HC, TPTD 24m had higher values compared to either HC or TPTD 6m. Both TPTD groups had lower MMC values compared to PMOP-PLC and similar to HC. TPTD 6m patients had higher TW content compared to HC, while TPTD 24m had values similar to HC and lower than either PMOP-PLC or TPTD 6m. Both TPTD groups had lower GAG content compared to HC group, while TPTD 6m had higher values compared to PMOP-PLC. Finally, TPTD 6m patients had higher Pyd content compared to HC and lower compared to PMOP-PLC, while TPTD 24m had lower values compared to PMOP-PLC and TPTD 6m, and similar to HC group. The results of the present study indicate that effects of TPTD on forming trabecular bone quality indices depend on treatment duration. At the recommended length of 24 m, TPTD restores bone mineral and organic matrix quality indices (MMC, TW, Pyd content) to premenopausal healthy (HC) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Shane
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adi Cohen
- Early Onset Osteoporosis Center, Metabolic Bone Diseases Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine 1, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly and Company USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erik F Eriksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Pilestredet Park Specialist Center, Oslo, Norway; The Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - David W Dempster
- Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, New York State Department of Health, West Haverstraw, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, König D. Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides in Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: Long-Term Observation in Postmenopausal Women. J Bone Metab 2021; 28:207-213. [PMID: 34520654 PMCID: PMC8441532 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2021.28.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of specific collagen peptides on bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with osteoporosis or osteopenia have already been investigated in 131 postmenopausal women in a randomized controlled trial. The purpose of this follow-up observation was to determine the longer-term effects of the same specific bioactive collagen peptides after a total intervention time of 4 years. Methods In this open-label follow-up observation, 31 postmenopausal women with reduced BMD (initial T-score lower than −1 of either the femoral neck or the lumbar spine) completed the follow-up. BMD was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Absolute changes in BMD and T-scores in the spine and femoral neck were assessed. The number of fractures was also recorded. All participants received specific bioactive collagen peptides. Results Supplementation with bioactive collagen peptides during follow-up led to a clinically relevant increase in BMD in the spine. These findings were consistent with the results for the femoral neck. Conclusions Long-term supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides appears to be effective in counteracting losses in BMD. Moreover, significant increases in BMD could contribute to improved bone stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel König
- Center of Sports Science, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Souza-Monteiro D, Ferreira RDO, Eiró LG, de Oliveira Lima LA, Balbinot GS, da Paz SPA, Albuquerque ARL, Collares FM, Angélica RS, Pessanha S, do Socorro Ferraz Maia C, Lima RR. Long-term exposure to low doses of aluminum affects mineral content and microarchitecture of rats alveolar bone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45879-45890. [PMID: 33881690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most found elements in nature in many forms, and human exposure can be quite common. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of exposure to Al mainly at low doses and for a prolonged period, in order to simulate human exposure in the periodontium, an important structure for support and protection of the teeth. This investigation aimed to study the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) toxicological effects in the mineral composition and micromorphology of the alveolar bone of rats. Two groups of eight male Wistar rats were used for the experiment. AlCl3 group was exposed to AlCl3 orally at a dose of 8.3 mg/kg/day for 60 days, while the control group received only distilled water. After that, the mandibles were collected and submitted to the following analyses: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray microtomography analysis; blood was also collected for determination of Al circulating levels. Our data showed that AlCl3 was capable of increasing Al circulating levels in blood. It was able to promote changes in the mineral content and triggers significant changes in the mineralized bone microstructure, such as number and thickness of trabeculae, being associated with alveolar bone-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiweson Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, n1, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Railson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, n1, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimarães Eiró
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, n1, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Alencar de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, n1, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Balbinot
- Dental Material Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Material Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Simões Angélica
- Laboratory of X-Ray Diffraction, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sofia Pessanha
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa, n1, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil.
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11
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Akgun OM, Haman Bayari S, Ide S, Guven Polat G, Yildirim C, Orujalipoor I. Evaluation of the protective effect on enamel demineralization of CPP-ACP paste and ROCS by vibrational spectroscopy and SAXS: An in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2977-2987. [PMID: 34213062 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate human dental enamel surfaces using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques concerning differences between the demineralized enamel surface and remineralized enamel surface by casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, Tooth mousse® (CPP-ACP) and remineralizing oral care systems (ROCS®) agents within the same tooth. For this purpose, 20 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors without caries and defects were used. Labial surfaces of each of the teeth were divided into four sections, which were marked as follows: Group 1, normal enamel; Group 2, demineralized enamel with demineralization solution; Group 3, demineralized enamel + remineralization agent (ROCS for 10 teeth, CPP-ACP for 10 teeth); and Group 4, remineralization agent (ROCS for 10 teeth, CPP-ACP for 10 teeth). To describe the changes in tooth enamel, the phosphate group concentration within enamel was used as an indicator of the degree of mineralization. The phosphate and carbonate bands in the FTIR and Raman spectra were used to investigate the structural changes in the demineralized and remineralized enamel. Spectroscopic data were statistically analyzed in terms of CPP-ACP and ROCS using one-way analysis of variance. The carbonate content of demineralized enamel was higher than the carbonate content in the other groups (p < .03). The apatite carbonate-phosphate balance in the samples with only remineralizing agent-especially ROCS applied-changed significantly (p < .05) compared to the normal group. The average FTIR spectra of the groups were subjected to multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) conducted with the use of the OPUS 5.5 software. Nanosized surface morphologies of the samples were compared using pair distance distributions obtained through SAXS analyses. According to the SAXS analyses, applications of CCP + ACP and ROCS agents were effective on nanostructures for all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Marti Akgun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Semra Ide
- Department of Physics Eng., Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunseli Guven Polat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hamidiye Dentistry Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Yildirim
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilgar Orujalipoor
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Taylor EA, Mileti CJ, Ganesan S, Kim JH, Donnelly E. Measures of Bone Mineral Carbonate Content and Mineral Maturity/Crystallinity for FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging Differentially Relate to Physical-Chemical Properties of Carbonate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:77-91. [PMID: 33710382 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral carbonate content assessed by vibrational spectroscopy relates to fracture incidence, and mineral maturity/ crystallinity (MMC) relates to tissue age. As FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy become more widely used to characterize the chemical composition of bone in pre-clinical and translational studies, their bone mineral outcomes require improved validation to inform interpretation of spectroscopic data. In this study, our objectives were (1) to relate Raman and FT-IR carbonate:phosphate ratios calculated through direct integration of peaks to gold-standard analytical measures of carbonate content and underlying subband ratios; (2) to relate Raman and FT-IR MMC measures to gold-standard analytical measures of crystal size in chemical standards and native bone powders. Raman and FT-IR direct integration carbonate:phosphate ratios increased with carbonate content (Raman: p < 0.01, R2 = 0.87; FT-IR: p < 0.01, R2 = 0.96) and Raman was more sensitive to carbonate content than the FT-IR (Raman slope + 95% vs FT-IR slope, p < 0.01). MMC increased with crystal size for both Raman and FT-IR (Raman: p < 0.01, R2 = 0.76; FT-IR p < 0.01, R2 = 0.73) and FT-IR was more sensitive to crystal size than Raman (c-axis length: slope FT-IR MMC + 111% vs Raman MMC, p < 0.01). Additionally, FT-IR but not Raman spectroscopy detected differences in the relationship between MMC and crystal size of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) vs poorly crystalline hydroxyapatites (HA) (slope CHA + 87% vs HA, p < 0.01). Combined, these results contribute to the ability of future studies to elucidate the relationships between carbonate content and fracture and provide insight to the strengths and limitations of FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy of native bone mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cassidy J Mileti
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sandhya Ganesan
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, 227 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joo Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, 227 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, 227 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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13
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Dixit M, Liu Z, Poudel SB, Yildirim G, Zhang YZ, Mehta S, Murik O, Altarescu G, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu E, Schaffler MB, Yakar S. Skeletal Response to Insulin in the Naturally Occurring Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10483. [PMID: 33977201 PMCID: PMC8101621 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exhibit reduced BMD and significant increases in fracture risk. Changes in BMD are attributed to blunted osteoblast activity and inhibited bone remodeling, but these cannot fully explain the impaired bone integrity in T1DM. The goal of this study was to determine the cellular mechanisms that contribute to impaired bone morphology and composition in T1DM. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were used, along with μCT, histomorphometry, histology, Raman spectroscopy, and RNAseq analyses of several skeletal sites in response to naturally occurring hyperglycemia and insulin treatment. The bone volume in the axial skeleton was found to be severely reduced in diabetic NOD mice and was not completely resolved with insulin treatment. Decreased bone volume in diabetic mice was associated with increased sclerostin expression in osteocytes and attenuation of bone formation indices without changes in bone resorption. In the face of blunted bone remodeling, decreases in the mineral:matrix ratio were found in cortical bones of diabetic mice by Raman microspectroscopy, suggesting that T1DM did not affect the bone mineralization process per se, but rather resulted in microenvironmental alterations that favored mineral loss. Bone transcriptome analysis indicated metabolic shifts in response to T1DM. Dysregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, transport, and synthesis was found in diabetic NOD mice. Specifically, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 and glucose transporter 1 levels were increased, whereas phosphorylated-AKT levels were significantly reduced in diabetic NOD mice. In conclusion, in addition to the blunted bone formation, osteoblasts and osteocytes undergo metabolic shifts in response to T1DM that may alter the microenvironment and contribute to mineral loss from the bone matrix. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Gozde Yildirim
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yanjiao Zhang Zhang
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Shilpa Mehta
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Omer Murik
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Geona Altarescu
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Emi Shimizu
- Oral Biology DepartmentRutgers School of Dental MedicineNewarkNJUSA
| | | | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular PathobiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
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14
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Pedrosa M, Ferreira MT, E Batista de Carvalho LA, M Marques MP, Curate F. The association of osteochemometrics and bone mineral density in humans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:434-444. [PMID: 33852736 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Even though much is known about bone mineral and matrix composition, studies about their relationship with several bone properties and its alterations related to bone diseases such as osteoporosis are practically non-existent in humans. Thus, the development of methods to understand the effects of bone properties at a microscopic level is paramount. This research aimed to evaluate whether Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) band intensity ratios correlate with femoral bone mass, bone mineral content (BMC) (total and femoral neck), bone mineral per unit area (BMD) (total, femoral neck, greater trochanter, intertrochanteric region, and Ward's area) and the area (total and femoral neck). A sample of femora from the 21st Century Identified Skeleton Collection (N = 78, 42 females and 36 males) was employed and BMC, BMD, and the femoral areas were acquired by DXA. RESULTS It was found that only females' BMD had a significant association with the femoral FTIR-ATR indices under study, whereas bone collagen (Am/P) and the content of carbonate Type A (API) in males correlated with the total proximal femur area of the regions of interest and the femoral neck area. DISCUSSION Men and women showed different changes related to their chemical composition in BMD, BMC, and probed area, most likely due to differences in structure and physiology, as well as mechanical strength in the proximal femoral sites where BMD was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pedrosa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Paula M Marques
- Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Curate
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,School of Technology of Tomar, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Tomar, Portugal
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15
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Gamsjaeger S, Fratzl P, Paschalis EP. Interplay between mineral crystallinity and mineral accumulation in health and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:374-381. [PMID: 33582361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption rates, resulting in bone loss. For ethical reasons, effects of antiosteoporosis drugs are compared against patients receiving vitamin D and calcium supplementation which is a mild antiresorptive regimen. Bone formation may be resolved into two phases: the initial formation of mineral crystals (primary nucleation) and the subsequent mineral accumulation (secondary nucleation and mineral growth) on them. In this study, we used Raman microspectroscopic analysis of iliac crest biopsies from healthy females (N = 108), postmenopausal osteoporosis patients receiving vitamin D and calcium supplementation (PMOP-S; N = 66), and treatment-naïve postmenopausal osteoporosis patients (PMOP-TN; N = 12) to test the hypothesis that at forming trabecular surfaces, mineral maturity / crystallinity of the youngest crystallites associates with the amount of subsequent mineral accumulation. The surfaces of analysis were chosen based on the presence of fluorescent double labels, defining three distinct tissue ages. The results indicated that when adjusted for age and tissue age, there were no differences in amount of mineral formed between healthy females and either PMOP-S or PMOP-TN, while both PMOP-S and PMOP-TN had larger crystallites compared to healthy females. Moreover, significant differences existed between PMOP-S and PMOP-TN in size of initial crystals formed as well as rate of mineral accumulation and maturation. These findings suggest an additional mechanism that may contribute to the decreased mineral content evident in PMOP, and provide a potential target for the development of new interventions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We used Raman microspectroscopic analysis of iliac crest biopsies from healthy females and postmenopausal osteoporosis patients (PMOP) receiving placebo to test the hypothesis that at forming trabecular surfaces, mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) of the youngest crystallites associates with the amount of subsequent mineral accumulation. This can affect bone mechanical properties as larger crystallites have been shown to result in compromised mechanical attributes; and larger crystallites grow slower compared to smaller ones. The results of the present analysis indicate that increased MMC of the youngest formed mineral may contribute to the bone mineral loss evident in PMOP and the accompanying increased fracture risk independently of bone turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, Vienna A-1140, Austria
| | - P Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, Vienna A-1140, Austria.
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16
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Paschalis EP, Dempster DW, Gamsjaeger S, Rokidi S, Hassler N, Brozek W, Chan-Diehl FW, Klaushofer K, Taylor KA. Mineral and organic matrix composition at bone forming surfaces in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with either teriparatide or zoledronic acid. Bone 2021; 145:115848. [PMID: 33453443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of bone to resist fracture is dependent on the composite nature of its mineral and organic matrix content. Teriparatide (TPTD) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) are approved anabolic and antiresorptive therapies, respectively, to reduce fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the SHOTZ study, postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were treated with TPTD (20 μg daily, subcutaneous) or ZOL (5 mg/year, intravenous infusion) for 24 months. Iliac crest biopsies were obtained at 6 months and again at 24 months from approximately one third of the original study cohort. To investigate the early effects of these two drugs on the quality of newly formed bone, we used vibrational spectroscopic techniques to analyze tetracycline-labelled transiliac biopsies obtained from participants at the 6-month time point. Raman spectra were acquired at forming trabecular and intra-cortical surfaces (identified by fluorescent double labels), to determine mineral, organic matrix, glycosaminoglycan, and tissue water content, as well as mineral maturity/crystallinity at three specific tissue ages (1-5, 15, and ≥25 days). Fourier transformed infrared microspectroscopy was used to determine pyridinoline/divalent collagen cross-link ratios. At 6 months, treatment with TPTD versus ZOL resulted in lower mineral and higher organic matrix content, increased tissue water content, and lower mineral/matrix, mineral maturity/crystallinity, glycosaminoglycan content, and pyridinoline/divalent enzymatic collagen cross-link ratio. Our results suggest that TPTD and ZOL have differential effects on material properties of newly formed bone at individual remodeling sites, highlighting their different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - David W Dempster
- Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, New York State Department of Health, West Haverstraw, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stamatia Rokidi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Hassler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Brozek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Hunt HB, Miller NA, Hemmerling KJ, Koga M, Lopez KA, Taylor EA, Sellmeyer DE, Moseley KF, Donnelly E. Bone Tissue Composition in Postmenopausal Women Varies With Glycemic Control From Normal Glucose Tolerance to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:334-346. [PMID: 32970898 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The risk of fragility fracture increases for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even after controlling for bone mineral density, body mass index, visual impairment, and falls. We hypothesize that progressive glycemic derangement alters microscale bone tissue composition. We used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to analyze the composition of iliac crest biopsies from cohorts of postmenopausal women characterized by oral glucose tolerance testing: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 35, age = 65 ± 7 years, HbA1c = 5.8 ± 0.3%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 26, age = 64 ± 5 years, HbA1c = 6.0 ± 0.4%), and overt T2DM on insulin (n = 25, age = 64 ± 6 years, HbA1c = 9.13 ± 0.6). The distributions of cortical bone mineral content had greater mean values (+7%) and were narrower (-10%) in T2DM versus NGT groups (p < 0.05). The distributions of acid phosphate, an indicator of new mineral, were narrower in cortical T2DM versus NGT and IGT groups (-14% and -14%, respectively) and in trabecular NGT and IGT versus T2DM groups (-11% and -10%, respectively) (all p < 0.05). The distributions of crystallinity were wider in cortical NGT versus T2DM groups (+16%) and in trabecular NGT versus T2DM groups (+14%) (all p < 0.05). Additionally, bone turnover was lower in T2DM versus NGT groups (P1NP: -25%, CTx: -30%, ucOC: -24%). Serum pentosidine was similar across groups. The FTIR compositional and biochemical marker values of the IGT group typically fell between the NGT and T2DM group values, although the differences were not always statistically significant. In summary, worsening glycemic control was associated with greater mineral content and narrower distributions of acid phosphate, an indicator of new mineral, which together are consistent with observations of lower turnover; however, wider distributions of mineral crystallinity were also observed. A more mineralized, less heterogeneous tissue may affect tissue-level mechanical properties and in turn degrade macroscale skeletal integrity. In conclusion, these data are the first evidence of progressive alteration of bone tissue composition with worsening glycemic control in humans. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Hunt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly J Hemmerling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maho Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kelsie A Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Deborah E Sellmeyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kendall F Moseley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Orilisi G, Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Notarstefano V, Özcan M, Putignano A, Orsini G. ATR-FTIR, EDS and SEM evaluations of enamel structure after treatment with hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite particles. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10606. [PMID: 33575125 PMCID: PMC7849511 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth whitening is one of the most requested dental treatments, but it still presents some side effects. Indeed, the bleaching agent can generate patients’ discomfort and dental hard tissue damages, not achieving an efficient and long-lasting treatment with optimum whitening effect. To overcome these limitations, the bleaching agents containing nano-hydroxyapatite can represent a reliable solution to avoid these detrimental effects. Methods In this study, human third molars were treated with commercial bleaching agents, containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and 6% (at-home treatment), 12% and 18% (in-office treatments) of hydrogen peroxide (HP), named respectively G1, G2 and G3. The results were evaluated descriptively and analytically using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), comparing the treated groups with a commercial gel containing 10% carbamide peroxide (CONV) and with a non-treated control group (CTRL). Results ATR-FTIR analysis revealed a similar composition in carbonates and phosphates for CTRL, G1 and G2 groups, which showed no significant differences in their spectral profiles; an increased amount of organic matter was found in G3, while CONV displayed an intermediate behavior. SEM analysis did not highlight significant changes in the enamel microstructure of G1 and CONV when compared to CTRL; the pattern observed in G2 presented a slight increase of enamel irregularities, while G3 displayed a partial removal of the aprismatic layer and microporosities. No evident effects due to nHA were observed in the structure of the hydroxyapatite component of G1, G2 and CONV, if compared to CTRL, while G3 showed a slight loss of crystallinity. In all groups, EDS identified slight changes in the concentration of chemical elements O and Ca, while the Ca/P ratio was similar when compared to CTRL. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that the application of the tested commercial bleaching agents, with a concentration of HP up to 12%, does not alter the morphological and chemical composition of the enamel surface and maintains its crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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19
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Negri S, Wang Y, Sono T, Lee S, Hsu GC, Xu J, Meyers CA, Qin Q, Broderick K, Witwer KW, Peault B, James AW. Human perivascular stem cells prevent bone graft resorption in osteoporotic contexts by inhibiting osteoclast formation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1617-1630. [PMID: 32697440 PMCID: PMC7695633 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall stores mesenchymal progenitor cells which are able to induce bone regeneration, via direct and paracrine mechanisms. Although much is known regarding perivascular cell regulation of osteoblasts, their regulation of osteoclasts, and by extension utility in states of high bone resorption, is not known. Here, human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were used as a means to prevent autograft resorption in a gonadectomy-induced osteoporotic spine fusion model. Furthermore, the paracrine regulation by PSCs of osteoclast formation was evaluated, using coculture, conditioned medium, and purified extracellular vesicles. Results showed that PSCs when mixed with autograft bone induce an increase in osteoblast:osteoclast ratio, promote bone matrix formation, and prevent bone graft resorption. The confluence of these factors resulted in high rates of fusion in an ovariectomized rat lumbar spine fusion model. Application of PSCs was superior across metrics to either the use of unpurified, culture-defined adipose-derived stromal cells or autograft bone alone. Under coculture conditions, PSCs negatively regulated osteoclast formation and did so via secreted, nonvesicular paracrine factors. Total RNA sequencing identified secreted factors overexpressed by PSCs which may explain their negative regulation of graft resorption. In summary, PSCs reduce osteoclast formation and prevent bone graft resorption in high turnover states such as gonadectomy-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, DentistryPaediatrics and Gynaecology of the University of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Takashi Sono
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kristen Broderick
- Department of Plastic SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Bruno Peault
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular Science and MRC Center for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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20
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Taylor EA, Donnelly E. Raman and Fourier transform infrared imaging for characterization of bone material properties. Bone 2020; 139:115490. [PMID: 32569874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the application of Raman spectroscopy to study bone has grown over the past decade, making it a peer technology to FTIR spectroscopy, it has become critical to understand their complimentary roles. Recent technological advancements have allowed these techniques to collect grids of spectra in a spatially resolved fashion to generate compositional images. The advantage of imaging with these techniques is that it allows the heterogenous bone tissue composition to be resolved and quantified. In this review we compare, for non-experts in the field of vibrational spectroscopy, the instrumentation and underlying physical principles of FTIR imaging (FTIRI) and Raman imaging. Additionally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, address sample preparation, and discuss outcomes to provide researchers insight into which techniques are best suited for a given research question. We then briefly discuss previous applications of FTIRI and Raman imaging to characterize bone tissue composition and relationships of compositional outcomes with mechanical performance. Finally, we discuss emerging technical developments in FTIRI and Raman imaging which provide new opportunities to identify changes in bone tissue composition with disease, age, and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America; Research division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America.
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21
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Fayolle C, Labrune M, Berteau JP. Raman spectroscopy investigation shows that mineral maturity is greater in CD-1 than in C57BL/6 mice distal femurs after sexual maturity. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:409-419. [PMID: 30922120 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1601184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study mice are the most often used pre-clinical lab models for studying the pathologies of bone mineralization. However, recent evidence suggests that two of the most often used mice strains (C57BL/6J and CD-1) might show differences in the bone mineralization process. This study sought to investigate the main compositional properties of bone tissue between nonpathological C57BL/6J and CD-1 murine knee joints. Materials and Methods : to this end, medial and lateral condylar subchondral bones and the adjacent diaphyseal cortical bone of 13 murine femurs (n = 7 C57BL/6J and n = 6 CD-1 at eight weeks old, just after sexual maturation) were analyzed with ex vivo Raman spectroscopy. Results : regardless of the bone tissue analyzed, our results showed that CD-1 laboratory mice present a more mature mineral phase than C57BL/6J laboratory mice, but present no difference in maturity of the collagen phase. For both strains, the subchondral bone of the medial condylar and cortical bone from the diaphysis have similar compositional properties, and CD-1 presents less variation than C57BL/6J. Furthermore, we depict a novel parametric relationship between the crystallinity and carbonate-to-amide-I ratio that might help in deciphering the mineral maturation process that occurs during bone's mineralization. Conclusions : Our results suggest that the timing of bone maturation might be different between non-pathological C57BL/6J and CD-1 murine knee femurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Fayolle
- Department of Physical Therapy, City University of New York, College of Staten Island , New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Compiegne, Sorbonne University, Universite Technologique de Compiegne , France
| | - Mélody Labrune
- Department of Physical Therapy, City University of New York, College of Staten Island , New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Compiegne, Sorbonne University, Universite Technologique de Compiegne , France
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, City University of New York, College of Staten Island , New York, NY, USA.,New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York, City College , New York, NY, USA.,Nanoscience Initiatives, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, City College , New York, NY, USA
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22
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Gobron B, Bouvard B, Vyavahare S, Blom LV, Pedersen KK, Windeløv JA, Boer GA, Harada N, Zhang S, Shimazu-Kuwahara S, Wice B, Inagaki N, Legrand E, Flatt PR, Chappard D, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, Irwin N, Mabilleau G. Enteroendocrine K Cells Exert Complementary Effects to Control Bone Quality and Mass in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1363-1374. [PMID: 32155286 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of a gut-bone axis in controlling bone physiology has been long suspected, although the exact mechanisms are unclear. We explored whether glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)-producing enteroendocrine K cells were involved in this process. The bone phenotype of transgenic mouse models lacking GIP secretion (GIP-GFP-KI) or enteroendocrine K cells (GIP-DT) was investigated. Mice deficient in GIP secretion exhibited lower bone strength, trabecular bone mass, trabecular number, and cortical thickness, notably due to higher bone resorption. Alterations of microstructure, modifications of bone compositional parameters, represented by lower collagen cross-linking, were also apparent. None of these alterations were observed in GIP-DT mice lacking enteroendocrine K cells, suggesting that another K-cell secretory product acts to counteract GIP action. To assess this, stable analogues of the known K-cell peptide hormones, xenin and GIP, were administered to mature NIH Swiss male mice. Both were capable of modulating bone strength mostly by altering bone microstructure, bone gene expression, and bone compositional parameters. However, the two molecules exhibited opposite actions on bone physiology, with evidence that xenin effects are mediated indirectly, possibly via neural networks. Our data highlight a previously unknown interaction between GIP and xenin, which both moderate gut-bone connectivity. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Gobron
- Groupe Études Remodelage Osseux et Biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bouvard
- Groupe Études Remodelage Osseux et Biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sagar Vyavahare
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Liv Vv Blom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian K Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne A Windeløv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geke A Boer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Satoko Shimazu-Kuwahara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Burton Wice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Erick Legrand
- Groupe Études Remodelage Osseux et Biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Peter R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe Études Remodelage Osseux et Biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Service Commun D'imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Bone Pathology Unit, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nigel Irwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Groupe Études Remodelage Osseux et Biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Service Commun D'imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Bone Pathology Unit, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
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23
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Pedrosa M, Curate F, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Marques MPM, Ferreira MT. Beyond metrics and morphology: the potential of FTIR-ATR and chemometrics to estimate age-at-death in human bone. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1905-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Correlation between Urine N-Terminal Telopeptide and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Parameters: A Preliminary Study. J Osteoporos 2020; 2020:5725086. [PMID: 32095227 PMCID: PMC7036120 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5725086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal telopeptide (NTX) is a bone resorption marker that is commonly referenced in clinical practice. Bone remodeling is also associated with changes in mineral components. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is utilized in the assessment of bone material properties and some parameters are reported to have associations with bone remodeling. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between uNTX levels and FTIR parameters, utilizing prospectively collected study data for patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery. Bone specimens were taken from iliac crest (IC) and vertebrae (V). Cortical (C) and trabecular (T) bones were separately analyzed. 22 patients (mean age 60.0 years (35.9-73.3), male : female 9 : 13) were included in the final analysis. Women showed significantly higher uNTX levels (male : female, median [range] 21.0 [11.0-39.0] : 36.0 [15.0-74.0] nM·BCE/mM, p=0.033). Among women, a significant positive correlation was observed between uNTX and mineral-to-matrix ratio in IC-C. Among men, uNTX demonstrated significant negative correlation with collagen crosslinks (XLR: ratio of mature to immature collagen crosslinks) in IC-C, V-T, and V-C. In addition, uNTX was positively correlated with acid phosphate substitution (HPO4, a parameter of new bone formation) in IC-C, IC-T, and V-C. After age adjustment, HPO4 in IC-T and V-C among men showed significant positive associations with uNTX (IC-T: p=0.018, R 2 = 0.544; V-C: p=0.007, R 2 = 0.672). We found associations between FTIR parameters and uNTX in men, but not in women. The correlations between uNTX and FTIR parameters in men might suggest a better balance of bone breakdown (uNTX) and new bone formation (FTIR parameters: XLR, HPO4) than in women.
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25
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Xi L, De Falco P, Barbieri E, Karunaratne A, Bentley L, Esapa CT, Davis GR, Terrill NJ, Cox RD, Pugno NM, Thakker RV, Weinkamer R, Wu WW, Fang DN, Gupta HS. Reduction of fibrillar strain-rate sensitivity in steroid-induced osteoporosis linked to changes in mineralized fibrillar nanostructure. Bone 2020; 131:115111. [PMID: 31726107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As bone is used in a dynamic mechanical environment, understanding the structural origins of its time-dependent mechanical behaviour - and the alterations in metabolic bone disease - is of interest. However, at the scale of the mineralized fibrillar matrix (nanometre-level), the nature of the strain-rate dependent mechanics is incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the fibrillar- and mineral-deformation behaviour in a murine model of Cushing's syndrome, used to understand steroid induced osteoporosis, using synchrotron small- and wide-angle scattering/diffraction combined with in situ tensile testing at three strain rates ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 s-1. We find that the effective fibril- and mineral-modulus and fibrillar-reorientation show no significant increase with strain-rate in osteoporotic bone, but increase significantly in normal (wild-type) bone. By applying a fibril-lamellar two-level structural model of bone matrix deformation to fit the results, we obtain indications that altered collagen-mineral interactions at the nanoscale - along with altered fibrillar orientation distributions - may be the underlying reason for this altered strain-rate sensitivity. Our results suggest that an altered strain-rate sensitivity of the bone matrix in osteoporosis may be one of the contributing factors to reduced mechanical competence in such metabolic bone disorders, and that increasing this sensitivity may improve biomechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xi
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - P De Falco
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - E Barbieri
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; Department of Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology (MAT), Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES) 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Japan.
| | - A Karunaratne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
| | - L Bentley
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - C T Esapa
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK; Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JL, UK.
| | - G R Davis
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - N J Terrill
- Beamline I22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - R D Cox
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - N M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123, Trento, Italy; School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; Ket Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - R V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JL, UK.
| | - R Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - W W Wu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - D N Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - H S Gupta
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Numerous safe and efficient drug therapies are currently available to decrease risk of low trauma fractures in patients with osteoporosis including postmenopausal, male, and secondary osteoporosis. In this chapter, we give first an overview of the most important outcomes regarding fracture risk reduction, change in bone mineral density (BMD by DXA) and/or bone markers of the phase III clinical studies of well-established therapies (such as Bisphosphonates, Denosumab or Teriparatide) and also novel therapies (such as Romosozumab or Abaloparatide) and highlight their mechanisms of action at bone tissue/material level. The latter understanding is not only essential for the choice of drug, duration and discontinuation of treatment but also for the interpretation of the clinical outcomes (in particular of eventual changes in BMD) after drug administration. In the second part of this chapter, we focus on the management of different forms of osteoporosis and give a review of the respective current guidelines for treatment. Adverse effects of treatment such as atypical femoral fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw or influence of fracture healing are considered also in this context.
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27
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Farlay D, Bala Y, Rizzo S, Bare S, Lappe JM, Recker R, Boivin G. Bone remodeling and bone matrix quality before and after menopause in healthy women. Bone 2019; 128:115030. [PMID: 31404670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of remodeling activity after menopause leads to bone loss and fragility, however, whether this is associated with modifications of bone matrix quality has been less studied. The impact of variation in bone remodeling rate on bone matrix has been studied mainly in pathologies or anti-osteoporotic treatments. However, in healthy women this has been less studied. We analyzed, at the global level, bone matrix quality in bone biopsies from 3 groups of healthy women (20 per group): 1) before menopause (PreM), 2) 1 year after menopause (PostM, paired biopsies with preM), and 3) 14 (±9) years after menopause (LT-PostM). The mean degree of mineralization (DMB) and heterogeneity index (HI) of mineralization were assessed by X-ray microradiography on whole bone matrix; intrinsic properties (mineral/organic ratio, mineral maturity, mineral crystallinity, collagen maturity) were assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy, microhardness by microindentation, both at a global level and calculated by mean of several measurements over the whole tissue area. In PostM compared to PreM (bone remodeling rate had doubled), mean DMB measured on the entire bone plane (whole bone matrix) of the sample was not different. HI was increased in trabecular bone indicating a higher heterogeneity of mineralization. However, in PostM, mineral/organic ratio (trabecular) and microhardness (cortical and trabecular) were decreased, whereas mineral/collagen maturation or crystal size/perfection were unchanged. Thus, in PostM, the local mineral content and microhardness were first affected. In LT-PostM (bone remodeling rate was 3 times higher), the mean DMB was still not different. However, the mineral/organic ratio, microhardness, mineral maturity, crystallinity all were lower compared to PreM and PostM, in both cortical and trabecular bone. Bone remodeling rate was negatively correlated with microhardness, DMB, mineral/organic and crystallinity. This suggests that increases in bone remodeling rates after menopause have a direct impact on bone quality by inducing the formation of more extensive "immature" bone areas, but the amount of immature bone does not cause modification of the global DMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farlay
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Y Bala
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Rizzo
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G Boivin
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
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28
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Chandran S, John A. Osseointegration of osteoporotic bone implants: Role of stem cells, Silica and Strontium - A concise review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:S32-S36. [PMID: 31695257 PMCID: PMC6823697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture treatment has become a skeletal reconstructive challenge due to accelerated bone turnover and impaired bone regeneration potential. Poor osseointegration ability of the osteoporotic bone usually results in implant pull out and failure. Adoption of conventional bone fracture treatment strategies like autografts and allografts have limited applications in such pathological conditions. Hence biomaterials functionalised with therapeutic ions or drugs may be adopted to aid the delivery of therapeutic factors at the defect site to promote bone healing and implant integration, towards functional restoration of the fractured bone. This concise review narrates on improving the osseointegration ability of biomaterials using functional ions like Silica and Strontium. Silica based bone substitutes are known to promote bone healing in non pathological conditions. Further, Strontium based drugs show significant effects in the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic bones. In addition, stem cell therapy has become the focus of orthopaedic research attributed to its ability to restore and accelerate the bone healing process, but the clinical application of stem cells in osteoporotic condition is scarce. Present review suggests a novel strategy of combining the therapeutic potential of functional ions like Silica, Strontium and stem cells within a single implant unit to facilitate osseointegration and osteogenesis, so as to reduce the chances of implant rejection/pull out and encourage osteoporotic bone re-union.
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29
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Abstract
The main clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis is the determination of bone mineral density by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Although this outcome contributes to the determination of bone strength, the clinical evidence to date suggests that it does not correlate strongly with fracture incidence. The main reason for this discrepancy is the fact that several other bone properties, such as material properties, are not taken into account. This short review summarizes the reasons why material properties are important in the determination of bone strength and briefly discusses some of them as well as their influence on bone’s mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, Vienna, 1140, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, Vienna, 1140, Austria
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Strasse 30, Vienna, 1140, Austria
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30
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Hunt HB, Torres AM, Palomino PM, Marty E, Saiyed R, Cohn M, Jo J, Warner S, Sroga GE, King KB, Lane JM, Vashishth D, Hernandez CJ, Donnelly E. Altered Tissue Composition, Microarchitecture, and Mechanical Performance in Cancellous Bone From Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1191-1206. [PMID: 30866111 PMCID: PMC6650336 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have normal-to-high BMDs, but, counterintuitively, have greater fracture risks than people without T2DM, even after accounting for potential confounders like BMI and falls. Therefore, T2DM may alter aspects of bone quality, including material properties or microarchitecture, that increase fragility independently of bone mass. Our objective was to elucidate the factors that influence fragility in T2DM by comparing the material properties, microarchitecture, and mechanical performance of cancellous bone in a clinical population of men with and without T2DM. Cancellous specimens from the femoral neck were collected during total hip arthroplasty (T2DM: n = 31, age = 65 ± 8 years, HbA1c = 7.1 ± 0.9%; non-DM: n = 34, age = 62 ± 9 years, HbA1c = 5.5 ± 0.4%). The T2DM specimens had greater concentrations of the advanced glycation endproduct pentosidine (+ 36%, P < 0.05) and sugars bound to the collagen matrix (+ 42%, P < 0.05) than the non-DM specimens. The T2DM specimens trended toward a greater bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (+ 24%, NS, P = 0.13) and had greater mineral content (+ 7%, P < 0.05) than the non-DM specimens. Regression modeling of the mechanical outcomes revealed competing effects of T2DM on bone mechanical behavior. The trend of higher BV/TV values and the greater mineral content observed in the T2DM specimens increased strength, whereas the greater values of pentosidine in the T2DM group decreased postyield strain and toughness. The long-term medical management and presence of osteoarthritis in these patients may influence these outcomes. Nevertheless, our data indicate a beneficial effect of T2DM on cancellous microarchitecture, but a deleterious effect of T2DM on the collagen matrix. These data suggest that high concentrations of advanced glycation endproducts can increase fragility by reducing the ability of bone to absorb energy before failure, especially for the subset of T2DM patients with low BV/TV. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Hunt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ashley M Torres
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Pablo M Palomino
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eric Marty
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rehan Saiyed
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Cohn
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Jo
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Warner
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grazyna E Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Karen B King
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Surgical Service/Orthopaedic Service, Rocky Mountain Veterans Affairs Regional Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph M Lane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Bone Tissue: Bone Quality Assessment in Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Osteoporosis and Fragility Fracture. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-018-9255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Segal E, Hassoun G, Maor C, Shahar E. Quantitative ultrasonometry: An alternative and easy method to evaluate bone quality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2019; 19:112-117. [PMID: 30839309 PMCID: PMC6454262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with bone mineral loss. DXA is the gold standard method to evaluate the status of bone mineral density (BMD). However, it is not always readily available. An easy method is needed to evaluate bone quality in those infected with HIV. OBJECTIVE To evaluate portable quantitative ultrasonometry (QUS) as an alternative technique to provide information about bone density, bone strength, and the bone turnover markers in HIV-infected people. METHODS A total of 69 men took part (34 HIV-infected men were matched with 35 non-HIV-infected men) in the study. Bone mineral status was assessed by the Achilles quantitative ultrasonometer at the calcaneal heel. The HIV status was recorded for all HIV-infected patients. Calcium-regulating hormones and bone turnover markers were assessed in all participants. RESULTS The mean age was 47.8±7.8 years and 49.1±6.00 years for the HIV-infected and non-infected population, respectively. The bone quality expressed as Stiffness index (SI) was reduced in HIV-infected patients. Bone turnover markers were higher in the HIV-infected patients, P1NP (ng/mL) was 48.0±14.3 vs 41.1±15.2 (P=0.057), and the (CTx)) (ng/mL) was 0.41±0.18 vs 0.29±0.11 (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS QUS is easy to use. Hence, QUS could be used as alternative method for screening of HIV patients for altered bone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Segal
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gamal Hassoun
- Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Carcom Maor
- Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eduardo Shahar
- Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel,Corresponding author: Eduardo Shahar, Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel E-mail:
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Abstract
Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) is a technique that can be used to analyze the material properties of bone using tissue sections. This chapter describes the basic principles of FTIR and the methods for capturing and analyzing FTIR images in bone sections.
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34
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Mabilleau G, Gobron B, Mieczkowska A, Perrot R, Chappard D. Efficacy of targeting bone-specific GIP receptor in ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:215-227. [PMID: 30121578 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been recognized in the last decade as an important contributor of bone remodelling and is necessary for optimal bone quality. However, GIP receptors are expressed in several tissues in the body and little is known about the direct vs indirect effects of GIP on bone remodelling and quality. The aims of the present study were to validate two new GIP analogues, called [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag and [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30, which specifically target either bone or whole-body GIP receptors, respectively; and to ascertain the beneficial effects of GIP therapy on bone in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Both GIP analogues exhibited similar binding capacities at the GIP receptor and intracellular responses as full-length GIP1-42. Furthermore, only [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag, but not [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30, was undoubtedly found exclusively in the bone matrix and released at acidic pH. In ovariectomized animals, [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30 but not [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag ameliorated bone stiffness at the same magnitude than alendronate treatment. Only [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30 treatment led to significant ameliorations in cortical microarchitecture. Although alendronate treatment increased the hardness of the bone matrix and the type B carbonate substitution in the hydroxyapatite crystals, none of the GIP analogues modified bone matrix composition. Interestingly, in ovariectomy-induced bone loss, [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag failed to alter bone strength, microarchitecture and bone matrix composition. Overall, this study shows that the use of a GIP analogue that target whole-body GIP receptors might be useful to improve bone strength in ovariectomized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Gobron
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines recent literature regarding the clinical management of fragility fractures, provides insight into new practice patterns, and discusses controversies in current management. RECENT FINDINGS There are declining rates of osteoporosis management following initial fragility fracture. Management of osteoporotic fractures via a multidisciplinary team reduces secondary fracture incidence and improves overall osteoporotic care. Anabolic agents (abaloparatide and teriparatide) are effective adjuvants to fracture repair, and have shown positive results in cases of re-fracture in spite of medical management (i.e., bisphosphonates). For AO 31-A1 and A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures (non-reverse obliquity), no clinical advantage of intramedullary fixation over the sliding hip screw (SHS) has been proven; SHS is more cost-effective. As fragility fracture incidence continues to rise, orthopedic surgeons must play a more central role in the care of osteoporotic patients. Initiation of pharmacologic intervention is key to preventing subsequent fragility fractures, and may play a supportive role in initial fracture healing. While the media bombards patients with complications of medical therapy (atypical femur fractures, osteonecrosis of jaw, myocardial infarction), providers need to understand and communicate the low incidence of these complications compared with consequences of not initiating medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Z Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard D Rames
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna N Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Garip Ustaoglu S, Evis Z, Ilbay G, Boskey AL, Severcan F. Side-Effects of Convulsive Seizures and Anti-Seizure Therapy on Bone in a Rat Model of Epilepsy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:689-705. [PMID: 28905646 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817734617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The severe sole effects of seizures on the cortical part of bone were reported in our previous study. However, the side effects of anti-epileptic drug therapy on bones has not been differentiated from the effects of the convulsive seizures, yet. This study provides the first report on differentiation of the effects of seizures and carbamazepine (a widely used antiepileptic drug) therapy on bones; 50 mg/kg/day drug was given to genetically induced absence epileptic rats for five weeks. Distinct bone regions including cortical, trabecular, and growth plate in each of tibia, femur, and spine tissues were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging and Vickers microhardness test. Blood levels of vitamin D and bone turnover biomarkers were also measured. According to the FT-IR imaging results, both seizure and carbamazepine-treated groups, more dominantly the drug-treated group, had lower mineral content with altered collagen crosslinks and higher crystallinity, implying reduced bone strength. Lower microhardness values also supported lower mechanical strength in bones. The most affected bone tissue and region from seizures and treatment was found as the spine and cortical, respectively. While there was a reduction in vitamin D and calcium levels in both seizure and carbamazepin-treated groups, significantly elevated PTH and bone turnover biomarkers were only seen in the drug-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Garip Ustaoglu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, 187458 Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, 187458 Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Evis
- 3 Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gul Ilbay
- 4 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Adele Ludin Boskey
- 5 25062 Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feride Severcan
- 6 Department of Biological Sciences, 187458 Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
- 7 Department of Biophysics, 187458 Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
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37
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Fatigue as the missing link between bone fragility and fracture. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:62-71. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ishimoto T, Sato B, Lee JW, Nakano T. Co-deteriorations of anisotropic extracellular matrix arrangement and intrinsic mechanical property in c-src deficient osteopetrotic mouse femur. Bone 2017; 103:216-223. [PMID: 28716550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteopetrotic bone shows dissociation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength. In this study, volumetric BMD; preferential orientation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is composed of collagen fibers and apatite crystals as bone material quality; and mechanical properties of the src-/- osteopetrotic and normal mouse femoral cortical bone were analyzed and compared with each other at a bone tissue level. The degree of preferential orientation of ECM along the femoral long axis was significantly decreased in the src-/- mice femur, suggesting deteriorated bone quality. Young's modulus, as a tissue-level mechanical property analyzed by nano-indentation technique along the long bone direction, also was decreased in the src-/- mice cortical femur, in spite of the similar volumetric cortical BMD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the synchronous deterioration of Young's modulus and anisotropic ECM organization in the src-/- osteopetrotic mouse bone. These results indicate that the deterioration of the preferential ECM orientation is one major cause of the impaired mechanical property in the src-/- mouse bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Bunji Sato
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jee-Wook Lee
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1, Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Klaushofer K. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques to assess bone quality. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2275-2291. [PMID: 28378291 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis are diagnosed and treatment outcome is evaluated based mainly on routine clinical outcomes of bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and biochemical markers, it is recognized that these two indicators, as valuable as they have proven to be in the everyday clinical practice, do not fully account for manifested bone strength. Thus, the term bone quality was introduced, to complement considerations based on bone turnover rates and BMD. Bone quality is an "umbrella" term that incorporates the structural and material/compositional characteristics of bone tissue. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) and imaging (FTIRI), and Raman spectroscopy, are suitable analytical tools for the determination of bone quality as they provide simultaneous, quantitative, and qualitative information on all main bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, tissue water), in a spatially resolved manner. Moreover, the results of such analyses may be readily combined with the outcomes of other techniques such as histology/histomorphometry, small angle X-ray scattering, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, and nanoindentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Kruger MJ, Nell TA. Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a narrative review of the literature. AIDS Res Ther 2017; 14:35. [PMID: 28747190 PMCID: PMC5530558 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-017-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone health status is largely absent in South Africa, the main reasons being the absence and cost-effectiveness of specific screening equipment for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). Various risk factors seem to play a role, some of which can be modified to change bone health status. Urbanisation is also a public health concern. Changing nutritional, as well as social behaviour, play integral roles in the prevalence and incidence of decreased BMD. Furthermore, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specifically, has a negative impact on BMD and although highly active antiretroviral therapy increases the prognosis for HIV-infected individuals, BMD still seem to decrease further. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is considered the gold standard for BMD assessment; however, recent developments have provided more cost-effective screening methods, among which heel quantitative ultrasound appears to be the most widely used in resource limited countries such as South Africa.
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41
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Thiel A, Reumann MK, Boskey A, Wischmann J, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Osteoblast migration in vertebrate bone. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [PMID: 28631442 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation, for example during bone remodelling or fracture repair, requires mature osteoblasts to deposit bone with remarkable spatial precision. As osteoblast precursors derive either from circulation or resident stem cell pools, they and their progeny are required to migrate within the three-dimensional bone space and to navigate to their destination, i.e. to the site of bone formation. An understanding of this process is emerging based on in vitro and in vivo studies of several vertebrate species. Receptors on the osteoblast surface mediate cell adhesion and polarization, which induces osteoblast migration. Osteoblast migration is then facilitated along gradients of chemoattractants. The latter are secreted or released proteolytically by several cell types interacting with osteoblasts, including osteoclasts and vascular endothelial cells. The positions of these cellular sources of chemoattractants in relation to the position of the osteoblasts provide the migrating osteoblasts with tracks to their destination, and osteoblasts possess the means to follow a track marked by multiple chemoattractant gradients. In addition to chemotactic cues, osteoblasts sense other classes of signals and utilize them as landmarks for navigation. The composition of the osseous surface guides adhesion and hence migration efficiency and can also provide steering through haptotaxis. Further, it is likely that signals received from surface interactions modulate chemotaxis. Besides the nature of the surface, mechanical signals such as fluid flow may also serve as navigation signals for osteoblasts. Alterations in osteoblast migration and navigation might play a role in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Thiel
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Marie K Reumann
- Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Hospital, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adele Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A
| | - Johannes Wischmann
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
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42
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Mashiatulla M, Ross RD, Sumner DR. Validation of cortical bone mineral density distribution using micro-computed tomography. Bone 2017; 99:53-61. [PMID: 28363808 PMCID: PMC5481667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the bone mineral density distribution (BMDD), due to disease or drugs, can alter whole bone mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness and toughness. The methods currently available for assessing BMDD are destructive and two-dimensional. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) has been used extensively to quantify the three-dimensional geometry of bone and to measure the mean degree of mineralization, commonly called the tissue mineral density (TMD). The TMD measurement has been validated to ash density; however parameters describing the frequency distribution of TMD have not yet been validated. In the current study we tested the ability of μCT to estimate six BMDD parameters: mean, heterogeneity (assessed by the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and the coefficient of variation (CoV)), the upper and lower 5% cutoffs of the frequency distribution, and peak mineralization) in rat sized femoral cortical bone samples. We used backscatter scanning electron microscopy (bSEM) as the standard. Aluminum and hydroxyapatite phantoms were used to identify optimal scanner settings (70kVp, and 57μA, with a 1500ms integration time). When using hydroxyapatite samples that spanned a broad range of mineralization levels, high correlations were found between μCT and bSEM for all BMDD parameters (R2≥0.92, p<0.010). When using cortical bone samples from rats and various species machined to mimic rat cortical bone geometry, significant correlations between μCT and bSEM were found for mean mineralization (R2=0.65, p<0.001), peak mineralization (R2=0.61, p<0.001) the lower 5% cutoff (R2=0.62, p<0.001) and the upper 5% cutoff (R2=0.33, p=0.021), but not for heterogeneity, measured by FWHM (R2=0.05, p=0.412) and CoV (R2=0.04, p=0.469). Thus, while mean mineralization and most parameters used to characterize the BMDD can be assessed with μCT in rat sized cortical bone samples, caution should be used when reporting the heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleeha Mashiatulla
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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DiVasta AD, Feldman HA, Rubin CT, Gallagher JS, Stokes N, Kiel DP, Snyder BD, Gordon CM. The ability of low-magnitude mechanical signals to normalize bone turnover in adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1255-1263. [PMID: 27909781 PMCID: PMC9769086 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We sought to determine whether low-magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) normalizes bone turnover among adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa (AN). Brief, daily LMMS prevents the decline in bone turnover typically seen during bed rest in AN. LMMS may have application for patients with AN in the inpatient setting to protect bone health. INTRODUCTION Malnourished adolescents with AN requiring medical hospitalization are at high risk for rapid reduction in skeletal quality. Even short-term bed rest can suppress normal patterns of bone turnover. We sought to determine whether LMMS normalizes bone turnover among adolescents hospitalized for complications of AN. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind trial, we prospectively enrolled adolescent females (n = 41) with AN, age 16.3 ± 1.9 years (mean ± SD) and BMI 15.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2. Participants were randomized to stand on a platform delivering LMMS (0.3 g at 32-37 Hz) or placebo platform for 10 min/day for 5 days. Serum markers of bone formation [bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP)], turnover [osteocalcin (OC)], and bone resorption [serum C-telopeptides (CTx)] were measured. From a random coefficients model, we constructed estimates and confidence intervals for all outcomes. RESULTS BSAP decreased by 2.8% per day in the placebo arm (p = 0.03) but remained stable in the LMMS group (p = 0.51, pdiff = 0.04). CTx did not change with placebo (p = 0.56) but increased in the LMMS arm (+6.2% per day, p = 0.04; pdiff = 0.01). Serum OC did not change in either group (p > 0.70). CONCLUSIONS Bed rest during hospitalization for patients with AN is associated with a suppression of bone turnover, which may contribute to diminished bone quality. Brief, daily LMMS prevents a decline in bone turnover during bed rest in AN. Protocols prescribing strict bed rest may not be appropriate for protecting bone health for these patients. LMMS may have application for these patients in the inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D DiVasta
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Gynecology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H A Feldman
- Clinical Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J S Gallagher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - N Stokes
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B D Snyder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Gordon
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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44
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Aguado E, Mabilleau G, Goyenvalle E, Chappard D. Hypodynamia Alters Bone Quality and Trabecular Microarchitecture. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:332-340. [PMID: 28160025 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Disuse induces a rapid bone loss in humans and animals; hypodynamia/sedentarity is now recognized as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Hypodynamia also decreases bone mass but its effects are largely unknown and only few animal models have been described. Hypodynamic chicken is recognized as a suitable model of bone loss but the effects on the quality have not been fully explored. We have used ten chickens bred in a large enclosure (FREE group); ten others were confined in small cages with little space to move around (HYPO group). They were sacrificed at 53 days and femurs were evaluated by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and nanoindentation. Sections (4 µm thick) were analyzed by Fourier Transform InfraRed Microspectroscopy (FTIR) to see the effects on mineralization and collagen and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) to image the mineral of the bone matrix. Trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture were significantly altered in the HYPO group. FTIR showed a significant reduction of the mineral-to-matrix ratio in the HYPO group associated with an increase in the carbonate content and an increase in crystallinity (calculated as the area ratio of subbands located at 1020 and 1030 cm-1) indicating a poor quality of the mineral. Collagen maturity (calculated as the area ratio of subbands located at 1660 and 1690 cm-1) was significantly reduced in the HYPO group. Reduced biomechanical properties were observed at the tissue level. Confined chicken represents a new model for the study of hypodynamia because bone changes are not created by a surgical lesion or a traumatic method. Animals have a reduced bone mass and present with an altered bone matrix quality which is less mineralized and whose collagen contains less crosslinks than in control chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Aguado
- ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, route de Gachet, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Eric Goyenvalle
- ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, route de Gachet, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933, ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933, ANGERS Cedex, France.
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45
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Hassler N, Klaushofer K, Burr D. Ovarian hormone depletion affects cortical bone quality differently on different skeletal envelopes. Bone 2017; 95:55-64. [PMID: 27826024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of bone tissue are determined by the organic and mineral matrix, and are one aspect of bone quality. As such, the properties of mineral and matrix are a major contributor to bone strength, independent of bone mass. Cortical bone quality may differ regionally on the three skeletal envelopes that compose it. Each of these envelopes may be affected differently by ovarian hormone depletion. Identifying how these regions vary in their tissue adaptive response to ovarian hormones can inform our understanding of how tissue quality contributes to overall bone strength in postmenopausal women. We analyzed humeri from monkeys that were either SHAM-operated or ovariectomized. Raman microspectroscopic analysis was performed as a function of tissue age based on the presence of multiple fluorescent double labels, to determine whether bone compositional properties (mineral/matrix ratio, tissue water, glycosaminoglycan, lipid, and pyridinoline contents, and mineral maturity/crystallinity) are similar between periosteal, osteonal, and endosteal surfaces, as well as to determine the effects of ovarian hormone depletion on them. The results indicate that mineral and organic matrix characteristics, and kinetics of mineral and organic matrix modifications as a function of tissue age are different at periosteal vs. osteonal and endosteal surfaces. Ovarian hormone depletion affects the three cortical surfaces (periosteal, osteonal, endosteal) differently. While ovarian hormone depletion does not significantly affect the quality of either the osteoid or the most recently mineralized tissue, it significantly affects the rate of subsequent mineral accumulation, as well as the kinetics of organic matrix modifications, culminating in significant differences within interstitial bone. These results highlight the complexity of the cortical bone compartments, add to existing knowledge on the effects of ovarian hormone depletion on local cortical bone properties, and may contribute to a better understanding of the location specific action of drugs used in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - N Hassler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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46
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Hassler N, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, Stepan JJ, Pavo I, Eriksen EF, Klaushofer K. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. Bone 2017; 95:41-46. [PMID: 27826025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prospective, controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of an active drug with placebo in addition to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in both treatment arms. While clinical benefits are documented, the effect of this supplementation in the placebo arm and in clinical practice on bone material composition properties is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these bone quality indices (specifically mineral/matrix, nanoporosity, glycosaminoglycan content, mineral maturity/crystallinity, and pyridinoline content) in patients that either received long-term vitamin D (400-1200IU) and calcium (1.0-1.5g) supplementation, or did not. We have analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy the bone forming trabecular surfaces of iliac crest in pre-treatment samples of a teriparatide study and the endpoint biopsies of the control arm obtained from the HORIZON trial. In general, the mineral/matrix ratio and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher while nanoporosity, (a surrogate for tissue water content), the mineral maturity/crystallinity (MMC) and the pyridinoline (Pyd) content was lower in patients without long-term supplementation. Moreover, all indices were significantly dependent on tissue age. In conclusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is associated with altered mineral and organic matrix properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140, Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Hassler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - H Dobnig
- Thyroid, Endocrinology, and Osteoporosis Institute, Graz, Austria
| | - J J Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine 1, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Pavo
- Endocrinology Dept., Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - E F Eriksen
- Endocrinology Dept., Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - K Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Greenwood C, Clement J, Dicken A, Evans JPO, Lyburn I, Martin RM, Rogers K, Stone N, Zioupos P. Towards new material biomarkers for fracture risk. Bone 2016; 93:55-63. [PMID: 27622884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone condition, characterised by low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Currently, the gold standard for identifying osteoporosis and increased fracture risk is through quantification of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA). However, the risk of osteoporotic fracture is determined collectively by bone mass, architecture and physicochemistry of the mineral composite building blocks. Thus DEXA scans alone inevitably fail to fully discriminate individuals who will suffer a fragility fracture. This study examines trabecular bone at both ultrastructure and microarchitectural levels to provide a detailed material view of bone, and therefore provides a more comprehensive explanation of osteoporotic fracture risk. Physicochemical characterisation obtained through X-ray diffraction and infrared analysis indicated significant differences in apatite crystal chemistry and nanostructure between fracture and non-fracture groups. Further, this study, through considering the potential correlations between the chemical biomarkers and microarchitectural properties of trabecular bone, has investigated the relationship between bone mechanical properties (e.g. fragility) and physicochemical material features.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Greenwood
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK.
| | - J Clement
- Forensic Odontology, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Dicken
- The Imaging Science Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - J P O Evans
- The Imaging Science Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - R M Martin
- Social and Community Medicine, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
| | - K Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - N Stone
- Physics and Astronomy, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - P Zioupos
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
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DiVasta AD, Feldman HA, O'Donnell JM, Long J, Leonard MB, Gordon CM. Skeletal outcomes by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3549-3558. [PMID: 27392467 PMCID: PMC5881112 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We conducted the first comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) outcomes in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. We observed deficits in bone density by both tools. pQCT assessments were associated with many of the same clinical parameters as have been previously established for DXA. INTRODUCTION Adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) commonly exhibit bone loss, but effects on bone geometry are less clear. We compared measures obtained by DXA and pQCT in girls with AN. METHODS Seventy females (age 15.5 ± 1.9 years ) with AN and 132 normal-weighted controls underwent tibial measures by pQCT including trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the 3 % site, cortical vBMD and dimensions at the 38 % site, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) at the 66 % site. Participants with AN also underwent standard DXA measures. Independent t tests compared the pQCT results, while Pearson coefficient assessed correlations among DXA and pQCT measures. RESULTS Trabecular vBMD Z-scores were lower in AN compared to controls (AN -0.31 ± 1.42 vs +0.11 ± 1.01, p = 0.01) and cortical vBMD Z-scores were higher (AN +0.18 ± 0.92 vs -0.50 ± 0.88, p < 0.001). Trabecular vBMD and cortical CSA Z-scores positively correlated with DXA BMD Z-scores (r range 0.57-0.82, p < 0.001). Markers of nutritional status positively correlated with Z-scores for trabecular vBMD, cortical CSA, section modulus, and muscle CSA (p < 0.04 for all). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to compare DXA and pQCT measurements in adolescent girls with AN. We observed deficits in BMD by both DXA and pQCT. pQCT assessments correlated well with DXA bone and body composition measures and were associated with many of the same clinical parameters and disease severity markers as have been previously established for DXA. The differences in cortical vBMD merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D DiVasta
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Gynecology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H A Feldman
- Clinical Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M O'Donnell
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - J Long
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M B Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C M Gordon
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Álvarez-Lloret P, Lee CM, Conti MI, Terrizzi AR, González-López S, Martínez MP. Effects of chronic lead exposure on bone mineral properties in femurs of growing rats. Toxicology 2016; 377:64-72. [PMID: 27915097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure has been associated with several defective skeletal growth processes and bone mineral alterations. The aim of the present study is to make a more detailed description of the toxic effects of lead intoxication on bone intrinsic material properties as mineral composition, morphology and microstructural characteristics. For this purpose, Wistar rats were exposed (n=12) to 1000ppm lead acetate in drinking water for 90days while control group (n=8) were treated with sodium acetate. Femurs were examined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Computed Tomography (μCT). Results showed that femur from the lead-exposed rats had higher carbonate content in bone mineral and (Ca2++Mg2++ Na+)/P ratio values, although no variations were observed in crystal maturity and crystallite size. From morphological analyses, lead exposure rats showed a decreased in trabecular bone surface and distribution while trabecular thickness and cortical area increased. These overall effects indicate a similar mechanism of bone maturation normally associated to age-related processes. These responses are correlated with the adverse actions induced by lead on the processes regulating bone turnover mechanism. This information may explain the osteoporosis diseases associated to lead intoxication as well as the risk of fracture observed in populations exposed to this toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Álvarez-Lloret
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ching Ming Lee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Inés Conti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Romina Terrizzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Pilar Martínez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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50
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Mansur SA, Mieczkowska A, Flatt PR, Bouvard B, Chappard D, Irwin N, Mabilleau G. A new stable GIP-Oxyntomodulin hybrid peptide improved bone strength both at the organ and tissue levels in genetically-inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bone 2016; 87:102-13. [PMID: 27062994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progress worldwide with detrimental effects on several physiological systems including bone tissue mainly by affecting bone quality. Several gut hormones analogues have been proven potent in ameliorating bone quality. In the present study, we used the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice as a model of obesity and severe T2DM to assess the extent of bone quality alterations at the organ and tissue levels. We also examined the beneficial effects of gut hormone therapy in this model by using a new triple agonist ([d-Ala(2)]GIP-Oxm) active at the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. As expected, db/db mice presented with dramatic alterations of bone strength at the organ level associated with deterioration of trabecular and cortical microarchitectures and an augmentation in osteoclast numbers. At the tissue level, these animals presented also with alterations of bone strength (reduced hardness, indentation modulus and dissipated energy) with modifications of tissue mineral distribution, collagen glycation and collagen maturity. The use of [d-Ala(2)]GIP-Oxm considerably improved bone strength at the organ level with modest effects on trabecular microarchitecture. At the tissue level, [d-Ala(2)]GIP-Oxm ameliorated bone strength reductions with positive effects on collagen glycation and collagen maturity. This study provides support for including gut hormone analogues as possible new therapeutic strategies for improving bone quality in bone complications associated to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sity Aishah Mansur
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Beatrice Bouvard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France.
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