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Pan L, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Wang Z, Zheng J. α-L-rhamnosidase: production, properties, and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:191. [PMID: 37160824 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
α-L-rhamnosidase [EC 3.2.1.40] belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families (GH13, GH78, and GH106 families) in the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) database, which specifically hydrolyzes the non-reducing end of α-L-rhamnose. Αccording to the sites of catalytic hydrolysis, α-L-rhamnosidase can be divided into α-1, 2-rhamnosidase, α-1, 3-rhamnosidase, α-1, 4-rhamnosidase and α-1, 6-rhamnosidase. α-L-rhamnosidase is an important enzyme for various biotechnological applications, especially in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. α-L-rhamnosidase has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and its microbial source includes a variety of bacteria, molds and yeasts (such as Lactobacillus sp., Aspergillus sp., Pichia angusta and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In recent years, a series of advances have been achieved in various aspects of α-validates the above-described-rhamnosidase research. A number of α-L-rhamnosidases have been successfully recombinant expressed in prokaryotic systems as well as eukaryotic systems which involve Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger, and the catalytic properties of the recombinant enzymes have been improved by enzyme modification techniques. In this review, the sources and production methods, general and catalytic properties and biotechnological applications of α-L-rhamnosidase in different fields are summarized and discussed, concluding with the directions for further in-depth research on α-L-rhamnosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Clean label is an important trend in the food industry. It aims at washing foods of chemicals perceived as unhealthy by consumers. Microorganisms are present in many foods (usually fermented), they exhibit a diversity of metabolism and some can bring probiotic properties. They are usually well considered by consumers and, with progresses in the knowledge of their physiology and behavior, they can become very precise tools to produce or degrade specific compounds. They are thus an interesting means to obtain clean label foods. In this review, we propose to discuss some current research to use microorganisms to produce clean label foods with examples improving sensorial, textural, health and nutritional properties.
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Tautau FAP, Izumi M, Matsunaga E, Higuchi Y, Takegawa K. Microbial α-L-Rhamnosidases of Glycosyl Hydrolase Families GH78 and GH106 Have Broad Substrate Specificities toward α-L-Rhamnosyl- and α-L-Mannosyl-Linkages. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2020; 67:87-93. [PMID: 34354534 PMCID: PMC8132073 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2020_0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases (α-L-Rha-ases, EC 3.2.1.40) are glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze a terminal α-linked L-rhamnose residue from a wide spectrum of substrates such as heteropolysaccharides, glycosylated proteins, and natural flavonoids. As a result, they are considered catalysts of interest for various biotechnological applications. α-L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) is structurally similar to the rare sugar α-L-mannose. Here we have examined whether microbial α-L-Rha-ases possess α-L-mannosidase activity by synthesizing the substrate 4-nitrophenyl α-L-mannopyranoside. Four α-L-Rha-ases from GH78 and GH106 families were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli cells. All four enzymes exhibited both α-L-rhamnosyl-hydrolyzing activity and weak α-L-mannosyl-hydrolyzing activity. SpRhaM, a GH106 family α-L-Rha-ase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis FP2001, was found to have relatively higher α-L-mannosidase activity as compared with three GH78 α-L-Rha-ases. The α-L-mannosidase activity of SpRhaM showed pH dependence, with highest activity observed at pH 7.0. In summary, we have shown that α-L-Rha-ases also have α-L-mannosidase activity. Our findings will be useful in the identification and structural determination of α-L-mannose-containing polysaccharides from natural sources for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Izumi
- 2 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
| | - Emiko Matsunaga
- 1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- 1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- 1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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4
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Biochemical characterization of a novel hyperthermophilic α-l-rhamnosidase from Thermotoga petrophila and its application in production of icaritin from epimedin C with a thermostable β-glucosidase. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Wang D, Zheng P, Chen P. Production of a Recombinant α-l-Rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger CCTCC M 2018240 in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1020-1037. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Pachl P, Škerlová J, Šimčíková D, Kotik M, Křenková A, Mader P, Brynda J, Kapešová J, Křen V, Otwinowski Z, Řezáčová P. Crystal structure of native α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:1078-1084. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318013049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases cleave terminal nonreducing α-L-rhamnosyl residues from many natural rhamnoglycosides. This makes them catalysts of interest for various biotechnological applications. The X-ray structure of the GH78 family α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus has been determined at 1.38 Å resolution using the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing method. The protein was isolated from its natural source in the native glycosylated form, and the active site contained a glucose molecule, probably from the growth medium. In addition to its catalytic domain, the α-L-rhamnosidase from A. terreus contains four accessory domains of unknown function. The structural data suggest that two of these accessory domains, E and F, might play a role in stabilizing the aglycon portion of the bound substrate.
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Zhang T, Yuan W, Li M, Miao M, Mu W. Purification and characterization of an intracellular α-l-rhamnosidase from a newly isolated strain, Alternaria alternata SK37.001. Food Chem 2018; 269:63-69. [PMID: 30100482 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A strain, Alternaria alternata SK37.001, which produces an intracellular α-l-rhamnosidase, was newly isolated from citrus orchard soil. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 66 kDa, as evaluated by SDS-PAGE and 135 kDa, as determined by gel filtration, which indicated that the enzyme is a dimer. The enzyme had a specific activity of 21.7 U mg-1 after step-by-step purification. The optimal pH and temperature were 5.5 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at a pH of 4.0-8.0 and a temperature between 30 and 50 °C compared with other pH levels and temperatures investigated. The enzyme activity was accelerated by Ba2+ and Al3+ but inhibited by Ni2+, Cu2+ and Co2+, especially Ni2+. The kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax were 4.84 mM and 53.1 μmol mg-1 min-1, respectively. The α-l-rhamnosidase could hydrolyze quercitrin, naringin and neohesperidin, hesperidin and rutin rhamnose-containing glycosides but could not hydrolyze ginsenoside Rg2 or saiko-saponin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Mensitieri F, De Lise F, Strazzulli A, Moracci M, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Bedini E, Sazinsky MH, Trifuoggi M, Di Donato A, Izzo V. Structural and functional insights into RHA-P, a bacterial GH106 α-L-rhamnosidase from Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 648:1-11. [PMID: 29678627 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases (α-RHAs, EC 3.2.1.40) are glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) hydrolyzing terminal α-l-rhamnose residues from different substrates such as heteropolysaccharides, glycosylated proteins and natural flavonoids. Although the possibility to hydrolyze rhamnose from natural flavonoids has boosted the use of these enzymes in several biotechnological applications over the past decades, to date only few bacterial rhamnosidases have been fully characterized and only one crystal structure of a rhamnosidase of the GH106 family has been described. In our previous work, an α-l-rhamnosidase belonging to this family, named RHA-P, was isolated from the marine microorganism Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. The initial biochemical characterization highlighted the biotechnological potential of RHA-P for bioconversion applications. In this work, further functional and structural characterization of the enzyme is provided. The recombinant protein was obtained fused to a C-terminal His-tag and, starting from the periplasmic fractions of induced recombinant cells of E. coli strain BL21(DE3), was purified through a single step purification protocol. Homology modeling of RHA-P in combination with a site directed mutagenesis analysis confirmed the function of residues D503, E506, E644, likely located at the catalytic site of RHA-P. In addition, a kinetic characterization of the enzyme on natural flavonoids such as naringin, rutin, hesperidin and quercitrin was performed. RHA-P showed activity on all flavonoids tested, with a catalytic efficiency comparable or even higher than other bacterial α-RHAs described in literature. The results confirm that RHA-P is able to hydrolyze both α-1,2 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages, and suggest that the enzyme may locate different polyphenolic aromatic moities in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica De Lise
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Matthew Howard Sazinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Sumner Hall, 333 N College Way, Claremont, CA, 91711, United States
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende 2, 84131, Salerno, Italy.
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Roepke J, Gordon HOW, Neil KJA, Gidda S, Mullen RT, Freixas Coutin JA, Bray-Stone D, Bozzo GG. An Apoplastic β-Glucosidase is Essential for the Degradation of Flavonol 3-O-β-Glucoside-7-O-α-Rhamnosides in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1030-1047. [PMID: 28419331 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol bisglycosides accumulate in plant vegetative tissues in response to abiotic stress, including simultaneous environmental perturbations (i.e. nitrogen deficiency and low temperature, NDLT), but disappear with recovery from NDLT. Previously, we determined that a recombinant Arabidopsis β-glucosidase (BGLU), BGLU15, hydrolyzes flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and flavonol 3-O-β-glucosides, forming flavonol 7-O-α-rhamnosides and flavonol aglycones, respectively. In this study, the transient expression of a BGLU15-Cherry fusion protein in onion epidermal cells demonstrated that BGLU15 was localized to the apoplast. Analysis of BGLU15 T-DNA insertional inactivation lines (bglu15-1 and bglu15-2) revealed negligible levels of BGLU15 transcripts, whereas its paralogs BGLU12 and BGLU16 were expressed in wild-type and bglu15 plants. The recombinant BGLU16 did not hydrolyze quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside or rhamnosylated flavonols, but was active with the synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside. In addition, shoots of both bglu15 mutants contained negligible flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside hydrolase activity, whereas this activity increased by 223% within 2 d of NDLT recovery in wild-type plants. The levels of flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside were high and relatively unchanged in shoots of bglu15 mutants during recovery from NDLT, whereas rapid losses were apparent in wild-type shoots. Moreover, losses of two flavonol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside were evident during recovery from NDLT, regardless of whether BGLU15 was present. A spike in a kaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnoside occurred with stress recovery, regardless of germplasm, suggesting a contribution from hydrolysis of kaempferol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and/or kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside by hitherto unknown mechanisms. Thus, BGLU15 is essential for catabolism of flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and flavonol 3-O-β-glucosides in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Roepke
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- MicroSintesis Inc., Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Harley O W Gordon
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin J A Neil
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satinder Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | | | - Delaney Bray-Stone
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gale G Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Yadav S, Yadava S, Yadav KD. α- l -rhamnosidase selective for rutin to isoquercitrin transformation from Penicillium griseoroseum MTCC-9224. Bioorg Chem 2017; 70:222-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Zhu Y, Jia H, Xi M, Xu L, Wu S, Li X. Purification and characterization of a naringinase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 11568 suitable for the transformation of flavonoids. Food Chem 2017; 214:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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De Lise F, Mensitieri F, Tarallo V, Ventimiglia N, Vinciguerra R, Tramice A, Marchetti R, Pizzo E, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Molinaro A, Birolo L, Di Donato A, Izzo V. RHA-P: Isolation, expression and characterization of a bacterial α- l -rhamnosidase from Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Rabausch U, Ilmberger N, Streit W. The metagenome-derived enzyme RhaB opens a new subclass of bacterial B type α-l-rhamnosidases. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Yadav S, Yadava S, Yadav K. Purification and characterization of α-l-rhamnosidase from Penicillium corylopholum MTCC-2011. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Naumoff DG. Multiple lateral transfers and duplications of genes as sources of diversity of α-L-rhamnosidases in Clostridium methylpentosum DSM5476. Microbiology (Reading) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261713040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Alvarenga AE, Romero CM, Castro GR. A novel α-l-rhamnosidase with potential applications in citrus juice industry and in winemaking. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yadav S, Yadav RSS, Yadav KDS. An α-l-rhamnosidase fromAspergillus awamoriMTCC-2879 and its role in debittering of orange juice. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; DDU Gorakhpur University; Gorakhpur; 273009; India
| | - Rama S. S. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; DDU Gorakhpur University; Gorakhpur; 273009; India
| | - Kapil D. S. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; DDU Gorakhpur University; Gorakhpur; 273009; India
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Liu Q, Lu L, Xiao M. Cell surface engineering of α-l-rhamnosidase for naringin hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:144-9. [PMID: 22940311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An α-l-rhamnosidase gene (rhaL1) containing an open reading frame of 2046-bp encoding a 681-amino acid protein (RhaL1) was cloned from Alternaria sp. L1 for naringin hydrolysis on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY-100. RhaL1 anchored to the yeast cell surface showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 6.0-6.5 and 70°C and was stable at pH 2.5-12.0 below 60°C. When the yeast cells were employed to hydrolyze naringin in grapefruit juice, about 85% naringin was hydrolyzed at 60°C in 10min. The yeast cells were harvested and recycled for the next batch. The hydrolysis rate of the naringin was maintained at over 80% for 10 batches. These results demonstrate the stability of the RhaL1-expressing yeast cells and effective in hydrolysis of naringin in juice. Thus, the system could have promise for industrial bitterness reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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19
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Naumoff DG, Dedysh SN. Lateral gene transfer between theBacteroidetesandAcidobacteria: The case of α-l-rhamnosidases. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3843-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Yadav V, Yadav S, Yadav S, Yadav KDS. α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus clavato-nanicus MTCC-9611 active at alkaline pH. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Yadav S, Yadav V, Yadava S, Yadav KD. Purification and functional characterisation of an α-l-rhamnosidase fromPenicillium citrinumMTCC-3565. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Identification of suitable ionic liquids for application in the enzymatic hydrolysis of rutin by an automated screening. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2301-8. [PMID: 22159609 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An automated method in milliliter scale was developed for the screening of process parameters concerning the hydrolysis of the flavonoid rutin catalyzed by the rhamnosidase activity of naringinase from Penicillium decumbens. Besides the effect of additives such as ionic liquids and low molecular salts, the productivity in a multiple phase system as well as the recyclability of the enzyme in repetitive batches were studied. The hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide [P(h(3))t][Tf(2)N] was identified to combine the most favorable characteristics out of 23 investigated ILs with regard to enzyme compatibility, substrate solubility and enzyme partition coefficient. Also, for the corresponding cations 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIM], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium [BMPL] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium [OMIM], the entity with the [Tf(2)N] anion was best tolerated by the naringinase. With increasing IL content, higher space time yields with up to 1.5 g/(L h) for 80% (v/v) [P(h(3))t][Tf(2)N] were achieved. Enhanced specific enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Ca(2+) ions. By addition of [P(h(3))t][Tf(2)N] and calcium chloride, the reactive aqueous phase was successfully used in three repetitive batches with full conversion.
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Yadav S, Yadav V, Yadav S, Yadav KD. Purification, characterisation and application of α-l-rhamnosidase from Penicillium citrinum MTCC-8897. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Updates on naringinase: structural and biotechnological aspects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:49-60. [PMID: 22080346 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Naringinases has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its hydrolytic activities which include the production of rhamnose, and prunin and debittering of citrus fruit juices. While this enzyme is widely distributed in fungi, its production from bacterial sources is less commonly known. Fungal naringinase are very important as they are used industrially in large amounts and have been extensively studied during the past decade. In this article, production of bacterial naringinase and potential biotechnological applications are discussed. Bacterial rhamnosidases are exotype enzymes that hydrolyse terminal non-reducing α-L-rhamnosyl groups from α-L-rhamnose containing polysaccharides and glycosides. Structurally, they are classified into family 78 of glycoside hydrolases and characterized by the presence of Asp567 and Glu841 in their active site. Optimization of fermentation conditions and enzyme engineering will allow the development of improved rhamnosidases for advancing suggested industrial applications.
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Puri M, Kaur A, Schwarz WH, Singh S, Kennedy JF. Molecular characterization and enzymatic hydrolysis of naringin extracted from kinnow peel waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:58-62. [PMID: 20920523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinnow peel, a waste rich in glycosylated phenolic substances, is the principal by-product of the citrus fruit processing industry and its disposal is becoming a major problem. This peel is rich in naringin and may be used for rhamnose production by utilizing α-L-rhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.40), an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of terminal rhamnosyl groups from naringin to yield prunin and rhamnose. In this work, infrared (IR) spectroscopy confirmed molecular characteristics of naringin extracted from kinnow peel waste. Further, recombinant α-L-rhamnosidase purified from Escherichia coli cells using immobilized metal-chelate affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used for naringin hydrolysis. The purified enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+ (1 mM), 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate (0.1 mM) and cyanamide (0.1 mM). The purified enzyme established hydrolysis of naringin extracted from kinnow peel and thus endorses its industrial applicability for producing rhamnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Puri
- Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Institute for Technology Research and Innovation (ITRI), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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Yadav V, Yadav S, Yadava S, Yadav KD. α-l-Rhamnosidase from Aspergillus flavus MTCC-9606 isolated from lemon fruit peel. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Citrus peel influences the production of an extracellular naringinase by Staphylococcus xylosus MAK2 in a stirred tank reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:715-22. [PMID: 20922381 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus xylosus MAK2, Gram-positive coccus, a nonpathogenic member of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus family was isolated from soil and used to produce naringinase in a stirred tank reactor. An initial medium at pH 5.5 and a cultivation temperature of 30°C was found to be optimal for enzyme production. The addition of Ca(+)² caused stimulation of enzyme activity. The effect of various physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, agitation, and inducer concentration was studied. The enzyme production was enhanced by the addition of citrus peel powder (CPP) in the optimized medium. A twofold increase in naringinase production was achieved using different technological combinations. The process optimization using technological combinations allowed rapid optimization of large number of variables, which significantly improved enzyme production in a 5-l reactor in 34 h. An increase in sugar concentration (15 g l⁻¹) in the fermentation medium further increased naringinase production (8.9 IU ml⁻¹) in the bioreactor. Thus, availability of naringinase renders it attractive for potential biotechnological applications in citrus processing industry.
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Rodríguez M, Lopes C, Valles S, Caballero A. Characterization of α-rhamnosidase activity from a Patagonian Pichia guilliermondii wine strain. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:2206-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Puri M, Kaur A, Singh R, Schwarz WH, Kaur A. One-step purification and immobilization of His-tagged rhamnosidase for naringin hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Puri M, Kaur A. Molecular identification of Staphylococcus xylosus MAK2, a new α-l-rhamnosidase producer. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ávila M, Jaquet M, Moine D, Requena T, Peláez C, Arigoni F, Jankovic I. Physiological and biochemical characterization of the two α-l-rhamnosidases of Lactobacillus plantarum NCC245. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:2739-2749. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is believed to be the first report on the physiological and biochemical characterization of α-l-rhamnosidases in lactic acid bacteria. A total of 216 strains representing 37 species and eight genera of food-grade bacteria were screened for α-l-rhamnosidase activity. The majority of positive bacteria (25 out of 35) were Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and activity of the L. plantarum strain NCC245 was examined in more detail. The analysis of α-l-rhamnosidase activity under different growth conditions revealed dual regulation of the enzyme activity, involving carbon catabolite repression and induction: the enzyme activity was downregulated by glucose and upregulated by l-rhamnose. The expression of the two α-l-rhamnosidase genes rhaB1 and rhaB2 and two predicted permease genes rhaP1 and rhaP2, identified in a probable operon rhaP2B2P1B1, was repressed by glucose and induced by l-rhamnose, showing regulation at the transcriptional level. The two α-l-rhamnosidase genes were overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. RhaB1 activity was maximal at 50 °C and at neutral pH and RhaB2 maximal activity was detected at 60 °C and at pH 5, with high residual activity at 70 °C. Both enzymes showed a preference for the α-1,6 linkage of l-rhamnose to β-d-glucose, hesperidin and rutin being their best substrates, but, surprisingly, no activity was detected towards the α-1,2 linkage in naringin under the tested conditions. In conclusion, we identified and characterized the strain L. plantarum NCC245 and its two α-l-rhamnosidase enzymes, which might be applied for improvement of bioavailability of health-beneficial polyphenols, such as hesperidin, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ávila
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Lácteos, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Muriel Jaquet
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Moine
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Requena
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Lácteos, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Peláez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Lácteos, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Arigoni
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Jankovic
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Crystal Structure of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 78 α-L-Rhamnosidase from Bacillus sp. GL1. J Mol Biol 2007; 374:384-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun T, Powers JR, Tang J. Enzyme-catalyzed change of antioxidants content and antioxidant activity of asparagus juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:56-60. [PMID: 17199313 DOI: 10.1021/jf062775i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A pectolytic enzyme preparation from Aspergillus niger (pectinase AN) decreased most rutin content and antioxidant activity of asparagus juice. To investigate the mechanism of such loss, we analyzed several possible related enzyme activities in pectinase AN. We found that the activity of pectinase AN to oxidize guaiacol had no significant difference with or without the presence of H2O2; thus it was laccase activity, not peroxidase (PO) activity, that pectinase AN contained. We did not find any polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in pectinase AN. Laccase in pectinase AN could be the major cause of loss of rutin and antioxidant activity of asparagus juice. When most laccase activity of pectinase AN was inactivated after heating at 70 degrees C for 1.5 min and incubated with asparagus juice, the loss rate of rutin was only 9% of that treated with unheated pectinase AN, and the antioxidant activity was even increased. Rhamnosidase activity was detected in pectinase AN and can change rutin in asparagus juice to quercetin-3-glucoside, which has higher antioxidant activity than rutin. This may explain the increase of antioxidant activity of asparagus juice treated with heated pectinase AN that still contained some rhamnosidase activity. The discovery of our research is helpful to produce juice with high antioxidant activity and high health benefits in the juice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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Cold-active α-l-rhamnosidase from psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from a sub-Antarctic ecosystem. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cui Z, Maruyama Y, Mikami B, Hashimoto W, Murata K. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the family GH78 alpha-L-rhamnosidase RhaB from Bacillus sp. GL1. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:646-8. [PMID: 16820683 PMCID: PMC2242939 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910601904x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-rhamnosidases play important roles in the metabolism of plant cell walls, glycosides and bacterial biofilms. This enzyme is also used industrially for debittering citrus fruits by releasing rhamnose from the plant flavonoid naringin. Bacillus sp. GL1 alpha-L-rhamnosidase (RhaB) is a member of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 78. Native and selenomethionine-derivative enzymes were crystallized at 293 K by hanging-drop vapour diffusion with polyethylene glycol 8000 as a precipitant. This is the first report of the crystallization of a family GH78 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Cui
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukie Maruyama
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Hashimoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kousaku Murata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Correspondence e-mail:
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Miyata T, Kashige N, Satho T, Yamaguchi T, Aso Y, Miake F. Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the gene encoding Sphingomonas paucimobilis FP2001 alpha-L -rhamnosidase. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51:105-9. [PMID: 15991055 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-4487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene (rhaM) encoding the alpha-L-rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas paucimobilis FP2001 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The rhaM consisted of 3,354 nucleotides and had a promoter and Shine-Dalgarno sequences typical in bacteria. The rhaM encoding a protein (Rham) deducted from the sequence consisted of 1,117 amino acids and had a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acids. Rham has no similarity to other known rhamnosidases. Rham has a sugar-binding domain of glycoside hydrolase family 2, which has been well conserved in beta-glucuronidase, beta-mannosidase, and beta-galactosidase, in its C-terminal region. Rham is possibly a member of a new bacterial subfamily in glycoside hydrolase family 78 (alpha-L-rhamnosidase). RT-PCR analysis of rhaM mRNA indicated that the induction of alpha-L-rhamnosidase by the addition of L-rhamnose occurred on the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyata
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Birgisson H, Hreggvidsson GO, Fridjónsson OH, Mort A, Kristjánsson JK, Mattiasson B. Two new thermostable α-l-rhamnosidases from a novel thermophilic bacterium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Monti D, Pisvejcová A, Kren V, Lama M, Riva S. Generation of an ?-L-rhamnosidase library and its application for the selective derhamnosylation of natural products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:763-71. [PMID: 15329934 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A screening of 16 different fungal strains was performed under different cultivation conditions, using L-rhamnose or L-rhamnose-containing flavonoid glycosides (rutin, hesperidin, and naringin) as specific inducers. No significant constitutive production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases was detected in noninduced cultures, while high levels of these glycosidase activities were obtained using different inducers. New species, so far unknown for the production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases, were identified. More than 30 different alpha-L-rhamnosidase samples were prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Substrate specificity of this alpha-L-rhamnosidase library was tested with various L-rhamnose-containing natural compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins). Most of the enzymatic preparations showed broad substrate specificity, and some of them were also acting on sterically hindered substrates (e.g., quercitrin). The screening of the library under different reaction conditions showed the coexistence, in the same preparation, of more than one alpha-L-rhamnosidase activities with different substrate specificity and different stability towards organic cosolvents. To exploit this enzymatic library for synthetic applications, the presence of contaminating alpha-L-arabinosidases and beta-D-glucosidases was investigated. The latter enzymes were observed in several preparations, while alpha-L-arabinosidase content was generally quite low. The selective derhamnosylation of the saponin desglucoruscin was performed on a preparative scale. The enzyme obtained by rhamnose induction of the Aspergillus niger K2 CCIM strain showed high activity towards this substrate and negligible alpha-L-arabinosidase contamination. Therefore, it was chosen as a catalyst for the selective derhamnosylation reaction, which provided the desired product in 70% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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Trummler K, Effenberger F, Syldatk C. An integrated microbial/enzymatic process for production of rhamnolipids and L-(+)-rhamnose from rapeseed oil withPseudomonas sp. DSM 2874. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hashimoto W, Miyake O, Nankai H, Murata K. Molecular identification of an alpha-L-rhamnosidase from Bacillus sp strain GL1 as an enzyme involved in complete metabolism of gellan. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 415:235-44. [PMID: 12831847 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The genes (rhaA and rhaB) for two alpha-L-rhamnosidases of Bacillus sp. strain GL1, which assimilates a bacterial polysaccharide (gellan), were cloned from a genomic DNA library of the bacterium constructed in Escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequences of the genes were determined. Gene rhaA (2661 bp) contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein (RhaA: 886 amino acids) with a molecular weight (MW) of 98280. Gene rhaB (2871 bp) contained an ORF encoding a protein (RhaB: 956 amino acids) with a MW of 106049. RhaA exhibited significant identity (41%) with alpha-L-rhamnosidase of Clostridium stercorarium, while RhaB showed slight homology with enzymes from other sources. An overexpression system for the two enzymes was constructed in E. coli, and the enzymes were purified and characterized. Both RhaA and RhaB were highly specific for rhamnosyl saccharides, including gellan disaccharide (rhamnosyl glucose) and naringin, and released rhamnose from substrates most efficiently at pH 6.5-7.0 and 40 degrees C. Bacillus sp. strain GL1 cells grown in a gellan medium produced only RhaB, indicating that RhaB plays a crucial role in the complete metabolism of gellan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hashimoto
- Department of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Manzanares P, van den Broeck HC, de Graaff LH, Visser J. Purification and characterization of two different alpha-L-rhamnosidases, RhaA and RhaB, from Aspergillus aculeatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2230-4. [PMID: 11319105 PMCID: PMC92860 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.5.2230-2234.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two proteins exhibiting alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity, RhaA and RhaB, were identified upon fractionation and purification of a culture filtrate from Aspergillus aculeatus grown on hesperidin. Both proteins were shown to be N glycosylated and had molecular masses of 92 and 85 kDa, of which approximately 24 and 15%, respectively, were contributed by carbohydrate. RhaA and RhaB, optimally active at pH 4.5 to 5, showed K(m) and V(max) values of 2.8 mM and 24 U/mg (RhaA) and 0.30 mM and 14 U/mg (RhaB) when tested for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. Both enzymes were able to hydrolyze alpha-1,2 and alpha-1,6 linkages to beta-D-glucosides. Using polyclonal antibodies, the corresponding cDNA of both alpha-L-rhamnosidases, rhaA and rhaB, was cloned. On the basis of the amino acid sequences derived from the cDNA clones, both proteins are highly homologous (60% identity).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manzanares
- Section Molecular Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms, Wageningen University, NL-6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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