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Herman RJ, Schmidt HD. Targeting GLP-1 receptors to reduce nicotine use disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114565. [PMID: 38663460 PMCID: PMC11128349 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use disorder (NUD) remains a leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. Unfortunately, current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. One major barrier to long-term smoking abstinence is body weight gain during withdrawal. Nicotine withdrawal-induced body weight gain can also lead to development of chronic disease states like obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is critical to identify novel pharmacotherapies for NUD that decrease relapse and nicotine withdrawal symptoms including body weight gain. Recent studies demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate voluntary nicotine taking and seeking and prevent withdrawal-induced hyperphagia and body weight gain. Emerging evidence also suggests that GLP-1R agonists improve cognitive deficits, as well as depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, which contribute to smoking relapse during withdrawal. While further studies are necessary to fully characterize the effects of GLP-1R agonists on NUD and understand the mechanisms by which GLP-1R agonists decrease nicotine withdrawal-mediated behaviors, the current literature supports GLP-1R-based approaches to treating NUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae J Herman
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Brown RE. Measuring the replicability of our own research. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 406:110111. [PMID: 38521128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In the study of transgenic mouse models of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, we use batteries of tests to measure deficits in behaviour and from the results of these tests, we make inferences about the mental states of the mice that we interpret as deficits in "learning", "memory", "anxiety", "depression", etc. This paper discusses the problems of determining whether a particular transgenic mouse is a valid mouse model of disease X, the problem of background strains, and the question of whether our behavioural tests are measuring what we say they are. The problem of the reliability of results is then discussed: are they replicable between labs and can we replicate our results in our own lab? This involves the study of intra- and inter- experimenter reliability. The variables that influence replicability and the importance of conducting a complete behavioural phenotype: sensory, motor, cognitive and social emotional behaviour are discussed. Then the thorny question of failure to replicate is examined: Is it a curse or a blessing? Finally, the role of failure in research and what it tells us about our research paradigms is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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3
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Belviranlı M, Okudan N, Sezer T. Exercise Training Alleviates Symptoms and Cognitive Decline in a Reserpine-induced Fibromyalgia Model by Activating Hippocampal PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF Pathway. Neuroscience 2024; 549:145-155. [PMID: 38759912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess, from a behavioral, biochemical, and molecular standpoint, how exercise training affected fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms in a reserpine-induced FM model and to look into the potential involvement of the hippocampal PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in this process. Reserpine (1 mg kg-1) was subcutaneously injected once daily for three consecutive days and then the rats were exercised for 21 days. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated 1, 11, and 21 days after the last injection. At the end of the exercise training protocol forced swim, open field and Morris water maze tests were performed to assess depression, locomotion and cognition, respectively. Additionally, biochemical and molecular markers related to the pathogenesis of the FM and cognitive functions were measured. Reserpine exposure was associated with a decrease in locomotion, an increase in depression, an increase in mechanical allodynia, and a decrease in spatial learning and memory (p < 0.05). These behavioral abnormalities were found to be correlated with elevated blood cytokine levels, reduced serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex, and altered PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in the hippocampus (p < 0.05). Interestingly, exercise training attenuated all the neuropathological changes mentioned above (p < 0.05). These results imply that exercise training restored behavioral, biochemical, and molecular changes against reserpine-induced FM-like symptoms in rats, hence mitigating the behavioral abnormalities linked to pain, depression, and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz Belviranlı
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Sezer
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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Sadamitsu K, Velilla F, Shinya M, Kashima M, Imai Y, Kawasaki T, Watai K, Hosaka M, Hirata H, Sakai N. Establishment of a zebrafish inbred strain, M-AB, capable of regular breeding and genetic manipulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7455. [PMID: 38548817 PMCID: PMC10978973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inbred strains of organisms are genetically highly uniform and thus useful for life science research. We have previously reported the ongoing generation of the zebrafish IM strain from the India (IND) strain through full sib-pair mating for 16 generations. However, the IM fish laid a small number of offspring and had a short lifespan, implying the need for discreet care in breeding. Here, we report the subsequent establishment of IM strain as well as the generation of a new inbred zebrafish strain, Mishima-AB (M-AB). M-AB was derived from the *AB strain by full sib-pair mating for over 20 generations, which fulfills the general criterion for the establishment of an inbred strain. In contrast to the IM case, maintenance of the M-AB strain by sib-pair mating required almost no special handling. Genome sequencing of IM individuals from the 47th generation and M-AB individuals from the 27th generation revealed that SNP-based genomic heterogeneity across whole-genome nucleotides was 0.008% and 0.011%, respectively. These percentages were much lower than those of the parental IND (0.197%) and *AB (0.086%) strains. These results indicate that the genomes of these inbred strains were highly homogenous. We also demonstrated the successful microinjection of antisense morpholinos, CRISPR/Cas9, and foreign genes into M-AB embryos at the 1-cell stage. Overall, we report the establishment of a zebrafish inbred strain, M-AB, which is capable of regular breeding and genetic manipulation. This strain will be useful for the analysis of genetically susceptible phenotypes such as behaviors, microbiome features and drug susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Sadamitsu
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Fabien Velilla
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Minori Shinya
- Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8521, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Imai
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawasaki
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kenta Watai
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Miho Hosaka
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Sakai
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
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Benfato ID, Quintanilha ACS, Henrique JS, Souza MA, Dos Anjos Rosário B, Beserra-Filho JIA, Ribeiro AM, Le Sueur Maluf L, de Oliveira CAM. Long-term calorie restriction prevented memory impairment in middle-aged male mice and increased a marker of DNA oxidative stress in hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 209:107902. [PMID: 38336097 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a non-invasive and economic approachknown to increase healthspan and life expectancy, through a decrease in oxidative stress, an increase in neurotrophins, among other benefits. However, it is not clear whether its benefit could be noted earlier, as at the beginning of middle-age. Hence, weaimed to determine whether six months of long-term CR, from early adulthood to the beginning of middle age (10 months of age) could positively affect cognitive, neurochemical, and behavioral parameters. Male C57BL6/J mice were randomly distributed into Young Control (YC, ad libitum food), Old Control (OC, ad libitum food), and Old Restricted (OR, 30 % of caloric restriction) groups. To analyze the cognitive and behavioral aspects, the novel object recognition task (NOR), open field, and elevated plus maze tests were performed. In addition, immunohistochemistry targetingΔFosB (neuronal activity), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the DNA oxidative damage (8OHdG) in hippocampal subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG), and in basolateral amygdala and striatum were performed. Our results showed that long-term CR prevented short-term memory impairment related to aging and increased 8OHdG in hippocampal DG. BDNF was not involved in the effects of either age or CR on memory at middle-age, as it increased in CA3 of the OC group but was not altered in OR. Regarding anxiety-type behavior, no parameter showed differences between the groups. In conclusion, while the effects of long-term CR on anxiety-type behavior were inconclusive, it mitigated the memory deficit related to aging, which was accompanied by an increase in hippocampal 8OHdG in DG. Future studies should investigate whether the benefits of CR would remain if the restriction were interrupted after this long-term protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
| | | | - Jessica Salles Henrique
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia e Neurociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
| | - Melyssa Alves Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
| | - Luciana Le Sueur Maluf
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
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Nigri M, Bramati G, Steiner AC, Wolfer DP. Appetitively motivated tasks in the IntelliCage reveal a higher motivational cost of spatial learning in male than female mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1270159. [PMID: 38487348 PMCID: PMC10938600 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1270159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The IntelliCage (IC) permits the assessment of the behavior and learning abilities of mice in a social home cage context. To overcome water deprivation as an aversive driver of learning, we developed protocols in which spatial learning is motivated appetitively by the preference of mice for sweetened over plain water. While plain water is available at all times, only correct task responses give access to sweetened water rewards. Under these conditions, C57BL/6J mice successfully mastered a corner preference task with the reversal and also learned a more difficult time-place task with reversal. However, the rate of responding to sweetened water decreased strongly with increasing task difficulty, indicating that learning challenges and reduced success in obtaining rewards decreased the motivation of the animals to seek sweetened water. While C57BL/6J mice of both sexes showed similar initial taste preferences and learned similarly well in simple learning tasks, the rate of responding to sweetened water and performance dropped more rapidly in male than in female mice in response to increasing learning challenges. Taken together, our data indicate that male mice can have a disadvantage relative to females in mastering difficult, appetitively motivated learning tasks, likely due to sex differences in value-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nigri
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Bramati
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian C. Steiner
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David P. Wolfer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Chen L, Lu Y, Hua X, Zhang H, Sun S, Han C. Three methods of behavioural testing to measure anxiety - A review. Behav Processes 2024; 215:104997. [PMID: 38278425 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Behavioural test is very useful to assess the anxiety activity, screen new anxiolytic drugs, explore the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Methods of behavioural testing that reflects different aspects of anxiety emotionality simultaneously have always been a critical issue for academics. In this paper, we reviewed previous methods to use behavioural test to evaluate the anxiety activity. A single test was used to measure only one aspect of anxiety emotionality. A battery of behavioural tests could get a comprehensive information of anxiety profile. In one single trial, open field test, elevated plus maze and light/dark box are integrated to assess different types of emotional behaviours. This new paradigm is useful for evaluating multiple dimensions of behaviours simultaneously, minimizing general concerns about previous test experience and inter-test intervals between tests. It is proposed as a promising alternative to using test battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- The People's Hospital of Huaiyin, Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Xiaokai Hua
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Shiguang Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, PR China.
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
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8
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Mori S, Murakami S, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Mice Recognise Mice in Neighbouring Rearing Cages and Change Their Social Behaviour. Behav Neurol 2024; 2024:9215607. [PMID: 38264671 PMCID: PMC10805542 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9215607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mice are social animals that change their behaviour primarily in response to visual, olfactory, and auditory information from conspecifics. Rearing conditions such as cage size and colour are important factors influencing mouse behaviour. In recent years, transparent plastic cages have become standard breeding cages. The advantage of using a transparent cage is that the experimenter can observe the mouse from outside the cage without touching the cage. However, mice may recognise the environment outside the cage and change their behaviour. We speculated that mice housed in transparent cages might recognise mice in neighbouring cages. We used only male mice in this experiment. C57BL/6 mice were kept in transparent rearing cages with open lids, and the cage positions were maintained for 3 weeks. Subsequently, we examined how mice behaved toward cagemate mice, mice from neighbouring cages, and mice from distant cages. We compared the level of interest in mice using a social preference test. Similar to previous reports, subject mice showed a high degree of interest in unfamiliar mice from distant cages. By contrast, subject mice reacted to mice from neighbouring cages as familiar mice, similar to cagemate mice. This suggests that mice housed in transparent cages with open lids perceive the external environment and identify mice in neighbouring cages. Researchers should pay attention to the environment outside the mouse cage, especially for the social preference test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama 701-0193, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Sachiko Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Effects of home-cage elevation on behavioral tests in mice. Brain Behav 2023; 14:e3269. [PMID: 38064177 PMCID: PMC10897499 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research reproducibility is a common problem in preclinical behavioral science. Mice are an important animal model for studying human behavioral disorders. Experimenters, processing methods, and rearing environments are the main causes of data variability in behavioral neuroscience. It is likely that mice adapt their behavior according to the environment outside the breeding cage. We speculated that mice housed on elevated shelves and mice housed on low shelves might have differently altered anxiety-like behavior toward heights. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate potential behavioral changes in mice raised at different heights for 3 weeks. Changes in behavior were examined using various experimental tests. RESULTS Mice housed on elevated shelves showed reduced anxiety-like behavior in a light/dark traffic test compared with mice housed on low shelves. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of activity, exploratory behavior, muscle strength, or depression-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that different cage heights and corresponding light exposure may alter the anxiety-like behavior of mice in response to brightness. Researchers need to carefully control the cage height and light intensity experienced by the mice to produce reproducible test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical TechnologyKawasaki University of Medical WelfareOkayamaJapan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of PsychiatryKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashikiJapan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of PsychiatryKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashikiJapan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of PsychiatryKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashikiJapan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineDentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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Ryherd GL, Bunce AL, Edwards HA, Baumgartner NE, Lucas EK. Sex differences in avoidance behavior and cued threat memory dynamics in mice: Interactions between estrous cycle and genetic background. Horm Behav 2023; 156:105439. [PMID: 37813043 PMCID: PMC10810684 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide, exhibit high heritability, and affect twice as many women as men. To evaluate potential interactions between genetic background and cycling ovarian hormones on sex differences in susceptibility to negative valence behaviors relevant to anxiety disorders, we assayed avoidance behavior and cued threat memory dynamics in gonadally-intact adult male and female mice across four common inbred mouse strains: C57Bl/6J, 129S1/SVlmJ, DBA/2J, and BALB/cJ. Independent of sex, C57Bl/6J mice exhibited low avoidance but high threat memory, 129S1/SvlmJ mice high avoidance and high threat memory, DBA/2J mice low avoidance and low threat memory, and BALB/cJ mice high avoidance but low threat memory. Within-strain comparisons revealed reduced avoidance behavior in the high hormone phase of the estrous cycle (proestrus) compared to all other estrous phases in all strains except DBA/2J, which did not exhibit cycle-dependent behavioral fluctuations. Robust and opposing sex differences in threat conditioning and extinction training were found in the C57Bl/6J and 129S1/SvlmJ lines, whereas no sex differences were observed in the DBA/2J or BALB/cJ lines. C57Bl/6J males exhibited enhanced acute threat memory, whereas 129S1/SvlmJ females exhibited enhanced sustained threat memory, compared to their sex-matched littermates. These effects were not mediated by estrous cycle stage or sex differences in active versus passive defensive behavioral responses. Our data demonstrate that core features of behavioral endophenotypes relevant to anxiety disorders, such as avoidance and threat memory, are genetically driven yet dissociable and can be influenced further by cycling ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret L Ryherd
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Averie L Bunce
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Haley A Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nina E Baumgartner
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Lucas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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11
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Zeid D, Seemiller LR, Wagstaff DA, Gould TJ. Behavioral and genetic architecture of fear conditioning and related phenotypes. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107837. [PMID: 37805118 PMCID: PMC10842961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Contextual fear conditioning is a form of Pavlovian learning during which an organism learns to fear previously neutral stimuli following their close temporal presentation with an aversive stimulus. In mouse models, freezing behavior is typically used to quantify learned fear. This dependent variable is the sum of multiple processes, including associative/configural learning, fear and anxiety, and general activity. To explore phenotypic constructs underlying contextual fear conditioning and correlated behaviors, as well as factors that may contribute to individual differences in learning and mental health, we tested BXD recombinant inbred strains previously found to show extreme contextual fear conditioning phenotypes and BXD parental strains, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, in a series of tests including locomotor, anxiety, contextual/cued fear conditioning and non-associative hippocampus-dependent learning behaviors. Hippocampal expression of two previously identified candidate genes for contextual fear conditioning was also quantified. Behavioral and gene expression data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which suggested five unique constructs representing activity/anxiety/exploration, associative fear learning, anxiety, post-shock freezing, and open field activity phenotypes. Associative fear learning and expression of one candidate gene, Hacd4, clusteredas a construct withinthefactor analysis. Post-shock freezingduring fear conditioning and expression of candidate gene Ptprd emerged as another unique construct, highlighting theindependenceof freezing after footshock from other fear conditioning variables in the current dataset.EFA results additionally suggest shared phenotypic variance in adaptive murine behaviors related to anxiety, general activity, and exploration. These findings inform understanding of fear learning and underlying biological mechanisms that may interact to produce individual differences in fear- and learning-related behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zeid
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States.
| | - L R Seemiller
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, United States
| | - D A Wagstaff
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, United States
| | - T J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, United States
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12
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Fushuku S, Ushikai M, Arimura E, Komaki Y, Horiuchi M. Acute repeated cage exchange stress modifies urinary stress and plasma metabolic profiles in male mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292649. [PMID: 37815996 PMCID: PMC10564260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a novel environment is psychologically and physically stressful for humans and animals. The response has been reported to involve enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity, but changes in nutrient levels under stress are not fully understood. As a form of exposure to a novel environment, repeated cage exchange (CE, four times at 2-h intervals for 8 h from 08:00 h) during the light phase with no restraint on movement was applied to A/J mice, a strain particularly prone to stress. Body temperature was measured with a temperature-sensing microchip implanted in the interscapular region. The stress conditions and anxiety level were evaluated by measuring urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and by performing an anxiety-like behavior test, respectively. Major nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids in the plasma were also examined. CE mice showed a significant increase in body temperature with each CE. They also showed a significantly greater reduction of body weight change, more water intake, and higher levels of urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and anxiety-like behavior score than control mice. The model revealed a significantly lower plasma glucose level and higher levels of several essential amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine, than those of control mice. Meanwhile, free fatty acids and several amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, proline, threonine, and tryptophan in both sets of mice were significantly decreased from the corresponding levels at 08:00 h, while similar plasma levels were exhibited between mice with and without CE. In conclusion, repeated CE stress was associated with changes in glucose and amino acids in plasma. Although further study is needed to clarify how these changes are specifically linked to anxiety-like behavior, this study suggests the potential for nutritional intervention to counter stress in humans exposed to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Fushuku
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Arimura
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Kagoshima Prefectural College, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Marin N, Moragon A, Gil D, Garcia-Garcia F, Bisbal V. Acclimation and Blood Sampling: Effects on Stress Markers in C57Bl/6J Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2816. [PMID: 37760216 PMCID: PMC10525122 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood sampling in rodents is common practice in scientific studies. Some of the refined methods widely used are the puncture of the saphenous vein or tail vein, or even tail docking. The handling needs of these different blood sampling methods are different and can directly affect stress, increasing the variability of the study. Moreover, there is less aversion and stress if the animal is accustomed to the environment, handling and technique. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the influence of these three blood sampling techniques (saphenous puncture, tail vein puncture and tail vein docking) and the use of previous acclimation on different indicators of animal stress, assessing blood glucose concentrations and faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs). Twenty-four young adult male and female C57Bl6/J mice were divided in three groups by sampling method: tail docking (TD), saphenous vein puncture (SV) and caudal vein puncture (CV) groups. All mice were studied with and without acclimation, which was performed during 9 consecutive days. The results showed that both males and females present very similar responses to the different handling and sampling methods without significant differences. Nevertheless, acclimation in all sampling methods decreased glucose and FCM levels significantly. The method that obtained the lowest glucose and FCM levels with significance was saphenous vein puncture. Therefore, we can say that it causes less stress when performing prior acclimation, even when this involves greater handling of the animal. Our results contribute to refinement within the 3R concept and could serve researchers to programme and select a good handling technique and a welfare-friendly blood sampling method for their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Marin
- Animal Facility IISLAFE, Hospital La Fe Research Institute, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Amparo Moragon
- Animal Facility CIPF, Prince Felipe Research Center, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Domingo Gil
- Animal Facility CIPF, Prince Felipe Research Center, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Francisco Garcia-Garcia
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Unit CIPF, Prince Felipe Research Center, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Viviana Bisbal
- Animal Facility IISLAFE, Hospital La Fe Research Institute, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
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14
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Tanaka Y, Nakata T, Hibino H, Nishiyama M, Ino D. Classification of multiple emotional states from facial expressions in head-fixed mice using a deep learning-based image analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288930. [PMID: 37471381 PMCID: PMC10359012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial expressions are widely recognized as universal indicators of underlying internal states in most species of animals, thereby presenting as a non-invasive measure for assessing physical and mental conditions. Despite the advancement of artificial intelligence-assisted tools for automated analysis of voluminous facial expression data in human subjects, the corresponding tools for mice still remain limited so far. Considering that mice are the most prevalent model animals for studying human health and diseases, a comprehensive characterization of emotion-dependent patterns of facial expressions in mice could extend our knowledge on the basis of emotions and the related disorders. Here, we present a framework for the development of a deep learning-powered tool for classifying facial expressions in head-fixed mouse. We demonstrate that our machine vision was capable of accurately classifying three different emotional states from lateral facial images in head-fixed mouse. Moreover, we objectively determined how our classifier characterized the differences among the facial images through the use of an interpretation technique called Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping. Importantly, our machine vision presumably discerned the data by leveraging multiple facial features. Our approach is likely to facilitate the non-invasive decoding of a variety of emotions from facial images in head-fixed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Tanaka
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuto Nakata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hibino
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ino
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa, Japan
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15
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Ronquillo J, Nguyen MT, Rothi L, Bui-Tu TD, Yang J, Halladay LR. Nature and nurture: comparing mouse behavior in classic versus revised anxiety-like and social behavioral assays in genetically or environmentally defined groups. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545212. [PMID: 37398211 PMCID: PMC10312802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Widely used rodent anxiety assays like the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test (OFT) are often conflated with rodents' natural preference for dark over light environments or protected over open spaces. The EPM and OFT have been used for many decades, yet have also been criticized by generations of behavioral scientists. Several years ago, two revised anxiety assays were designed to improve upon the "classic" tests by excluding the possibility to avoid or escape aversive areas of each maze. The 3-D radial arm maze (3DR) and the 3-D open field test (3Doft) each consist of an open space connected to ambiguous paths toward uncertain escape. This introduces continual motivational conflict, thereby increasing external validity as an anxiety model. But despite this improvement, the revised assays have not caught on. One issue may be that studies to date have not directly compared classic and revised assays in the same animals. To remedy this, we contrasted behavior in a battery of assays (EPM, OFT, 3DR, 3Doft, and a sociability test) in mice defined either genetically by isogenic strain, or environmentally by postnatal experience. Findings indicate that the optimal assay to assess anxiety-like behavior may depend upon grouping variable (e.g. genetic versus environment). We argue that the 3DR may be the most ecologically valid of the anxiety assays tested, while the OFT and 3Doft provided the least useful information. Finally, exposure to multiple assays significantly affected sociability measures, raising concerns for designing and interpreting batteries of behavioral tests in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ronquillo
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Michael T. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Linnea Rothi
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Trung-Dan Bui-Tu
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Jocelyn Yang
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Halladay
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
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16
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Echevarria-Cooper DM, Hawkins NA, Kearney JA. Strain-dependent effects on neurobehavioral and seizure phenotypes in Scn2aK1422E mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543929. [PMID: 37333275 PMCID: PMC10274703 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SCN2A are associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Despite being largely monogenic, SCN2A-related NDD show considerable phenotypic variation and complex genotype-phenotype correlations. Genetic modifiers can contribute to variability in disease phenotypes associated with rare driver mutations. Accordingly, different genetic backgrounds across inbred rodent strains have been shown to influence disease-related phenotypes, including those associated with SCN2A-related NDD. Recently, we developed a mouse model of the variant SCN2A-p.K1422E that was maintained as an isogenic line on the C57BL/6J (B6) strain. Our initial characterization of NDD phenotypes in heterozygous Scn2aK1422E mice revealed alterations in anxiety-related behavior and seizure susceptibility. To determine if background strain affects phenotype severity in the Scn2aK1422E mouse model, phenotypes of mice on B6 and [DBA/2J×B6]F1 hybrid (F1D2) strains were compared. Convergent evidence from neurobehavioral assays demonstrated lower anxiety-like behavior in Scn2aK1422E mice compared to wild-type and further suggested that this effect is more pronounced on the B6 background compared to the F1D2 background. Although there were no strain-dependent differences in occurrence of rare spontaneous seizures, response to the chemoconvulsant kainic acid revealed differences in seizure generalization and lethality risk, with variation based on strain and sex. Continued examination of strain-dependent effects in the Scn2aK1422E mouse model could reveal genetic backgrounds with unique susceptibility profiles that would be relevant for future studies on specific traits and enable the identification of highly penetrant phenotypes and modifier genes that could provide clues about the primary pathogenic mechanism of the K1422E variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M. Echevarria-Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicole A. Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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17
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Serra MJ, DeYoung CM. The animacy advantage in memory occurs under self-paced study conditions, but participants' metacognitive beliefs can deter it. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1164038. [PMID: 37251066 PMCID: PMC10213881 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Animacy distinguishes living (animate) things from non-living (inanimate) things. People tend to devote attention and processing to living over nonliving things, resulting in a privileged status for animate concepts in human cognition. For example, people tend to remember more animate than inanimate items, a phenomenon known as the "animacy effect" or "animacy advantage." To date, however, the exact cause(s) of this effect is unknown. Methods We examined the animacy advantage in free-recall performance under computer-paced versus self-paced study conditions and using three different sets of animate and inanimate stimuli (Experiments 1 and 2). We also measured participants' metacognitive beliefs (expectations) about the task before it began (Experiment 2). Results We consistently obtained an animacy advantage in free-recall, regardless of whether participants studied the materials under computer-paced or self-paced conditions. Those in self-paced conditions spent less time studying items than did those in computer-paced conditions, but overall levels of recall and the occurrence of the animacy advantage were equivalent by study method. Importantly, participants devoted equivalent study time to animate and inanimate items in self-paced conditions, so the animacy advantage in those conditions cannot be attributed to study time differences. In Experiment 2, participants who believed that inanimate items were more memorable instead showed equivalent recall and study time for animate and inanimate items, suggesting that they engaged in equivalent processing of animate and inanimate items. All three sets of materials reliably produced an animacy advantage, but the effect was consistently larger for one set than the other two, indicating some contribution of item-level properties to the effect. Discussion Overall, the results suggest that participants do not purposely allocate greater processing to animate over inanimate items, even when study is self-paced. Rather, animate items seem to naturally trigger greater richness of encoding than do inanimate items and are then better remembered, although under some conditions participants might engage in deeper processing of inanimate items which can reduce or eliminate the animacy advantage. We suggest that researchers might conceptualize mechanisms for the effect as either centering on intrinsic, item-level properties of the items or centering on extrinsic, processing-based differences between animate and inanimate items.
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18
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Scopano MR, Jones HE, Stea SG, Freeman MZ, Grisel JE. Age, β-endorphin, and sex dependent effects of maternal separation on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and alcohol reward. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1155647. [PMID: 37091593 PMCID: PMC10113444 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1155647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionChildhood adversity is pervasive and linked to numerous disadvantages in adulthood, including physical health problems, mental illness, and substance use disorders. Initial sensitivity to the rewarding effects of alcohol predicts the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, and may be linked to developmental stress. The opioid peptide β-endorphin (β-E) regulates the stress response and is also implicated in the risk for excessive alcohol consumption.MethodsWe explored the influence of β-E in an animal model of early life adversity using controlled maternal separation by evaluating changes in locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and the initial rewarding effects of alcohol in a single exposure conditioned place preference paradigm in control C57BL/6J and β-E deficient β-E +/+ 0.129S2-Pomc tm1Low/J; β-E −/− mice. Maternal separation (MS) occurred for 3 h each day from post-natal days (PND) 5–18 in approximately half the subjects.ResultsMaternal interactions increased following the separation protocol equally in both genotypes. MS and control subjects were tested as adolescents (PND 26–32) or adults (PND 58–72); the effects of MS were generally more pronounced in older subjects. Adults were more active than adolescents in the open field, and MS decreased activity in adolescent mice but increased it in adults. The increase in adult activity as a result of early life stress depended on both β-E and sex. β-E also influenced the effect of maternal separation on anxiety-like behavior in the Elevated Plus Maze. MS promoted rewarding effects of alcohol in male β-E deficient mice of either age, but had no effect in other groups.DiscussionTaken together, these results suggest that the effects of MS develop over time and are β-E and sex dependent and may aid understanding of how individual differences influence the impact of adverse childhood experiences.
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19
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Qiu Z, Luo D, Yin H, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Xia J, Xie J, Sun Q, Xu W. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N-1 improves autism-like behavior and gut microbiota in mouse. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1134517. [PMID: 37007488 PMCID: PMC10060657 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe gut-brain axis has been widely recognized in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and probiotics are considered to potentially benefit the rescuing of autism-like behaviors. As a probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarumN-1(LPN-1) was utilized to investigate its effects on gut microbiota and autism-like behaviors in ASD mice constructed by maternal immune activation (MIA).MethodsAdult offspring of MIA mice were given LPN-1 at the dosage of 2 × 109 CFU/g for 4 weeks before subject to the behavior and gut microbiota evaluation.ResultsThe behavioral tests showed that LPN-1 intervention was able to rescue autism-like behaviors in mice, including anxiety and depression. In which the LPN-1 treatment group increased the time spent interacting with strangers in the three-chamber test, their activity time and distance in the central area increased in the open field test, and their immobility time decreased when hanging their tails. Moreover, the supplementation of LPN-1 reversed the intestinal flora structure of ASD mice by enhancing the relative abundance of the pivotal microorganisms of Allobaculum and Oscillospira, while reducing those harmful ones like Sutterella at the genus level.DiscussionThese results suggested that LPN-1 supplementation may improve autism-like behaviors, possibly via regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Qiu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-Environment, The Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-Environment, The Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Xia
- Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Xie,
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-Environment, The Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Qun Sun,
| | - Wenming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Wenming Xu,
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20
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Berendzen KM, Sharma R, Mandujano MA, Wei Y, Rogers FD, Simmons TC, Seelke AMH, Bond JM, Larios R, Goodwin NL, Sherman M, Parthasarthy S, Espineda I, Knoedler JR, Beery A, Bales KL, Shah NM, Manoli DS. Oxytocin receptor is not required for social attachment in prairie voles. Neuron 2023; 111:787-796.e4. [PMID: 36708707 PMCID: PMC10150797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prairie voles are among a small group of mammals that display long-term social attachment between mating partners. Many pharmacological studies show that signaling via the oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) is critical for the display of social monogamy in these animals. We used CRISPR mutagenesis to generate three different Oxtr-null mutant prairie vole lines. Oxtr mutants displayed social attachment such that males and females showed a behavioral preference for their mating partners over a stranger of the opposite sex, even when assayed using different experimental setups. Mothers lacking Oxtr delivered viable pups, and parents displayed care for their young and raised them to the weanling stage. Together, our studies unexpectedly reveal that social attachment, parturition, and parental behavior can occur in the absence of Oxtr signaling in prairie voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Berendzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruchira Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yichao Wei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Forrest D Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Trenton C Simmons
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Adele M H Seelke
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Bond
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose Larios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 95158, USA
| | - Nastacia L Goodwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srinivas Parthasarthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isidero Espineda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Knoedler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annaliese Beery
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen L Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nirao M Shah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Devanand S Manoli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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21
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Luca FD, Roda E, Ratto D, Desiderio A, Venuti MT, Ramieri M, Bottone MG, Savino E, Rossi P. Fighting secondary triple-negative breast cancer in cerebellum: A powerful aid from a medicinal mushrooms blend. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114262. [PMID: 36657301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of brain metastasis onset in patients, with the cerebellum accounting for the 33% of cases. In the current study, using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse BC model, we revealed that an orally administered medicinal mushrooms (MM) blend, rich in β-glucans, played a direct and specific anti-cancer action on cerebellar metastases, also bettering locomotor performances. The neuroprotective effect of the MM blend plays through (i) a direct and specific inhibition of cerebellar metastatization pattern typical of TNBC (with an induced reduction of about 50% of metastases density) and (ii) the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation-related genes, as suggested by expression changes of specific molecular markers, i.e. PCNA, p53, Bcl2, BAX, CASP9, CASP3, Hsp70 and AIF. Therefore, inhibiting the metastatization process, triggering a significant apoptosis increase, and lessening cell proliferation, this MM supplement, employed as adjuvant treatment in association with conventional therapy, could represent a promising approach, in the field of Integrative Oncology, for patients' management in both prevention and treatment of brain metastases from BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Martino Ramieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Crawley JN. Twenty years of discoveries emerging from mouse models of autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105053. [PMID: 36682425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 single gene mutations and copy number variants convey risk for autism spectrum disorder. To understand the extent to which each mutation contributes to the trajectory of individual symptoms of autism, molecular genetics laboratories have introduced analogous mutations into the genomes of laboratory mice and other species. Over the past twenty years, behavioral neuroscientists discovered the consequences of mutations in many risk genes for autism in animal models, using assays with face validity to the diagnostic and associated behavioral symptoms of people with autism. Identified behavioral phenotypes complement electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, and biochemical outcome measures in mutant mouse models of autism. This review describes the history of phenotyping assays in genetic mouse models, to evaluate social and repetitive behaviors relevant to the primary diagnostic criteria for autism. Robust phenotypes are currently employed in translational investigations to discover effective therapeutic interventions, representing the future direction of an intensely challenging research field.
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Fritz EM, Pierre A, De Bundel D, Singewald N. Ghrelin receptor agonist MK0677 and overnight fasting do not rescue deficient fear extinction in 129S1/SvImJ mice. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1094948. [PMID: 36846243 PMCID: PMC9947350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1094948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hunger hormone ghrelin has been implicated in the modulation of anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in rodents and humans, while its dysregulation may be associated with psychiatric illness. Along these lines, the ghrelin system has been suggested as a potential target to facilitate fear extinction, which is the main mechanism underlying cognitive behavioral therapy. So far, this hypothesis has not been tested in individuals that have difficulties to extinguish fear. Thus, we investigated pharmacological (ghrelin receptor agonist MK0677) and non-pharmacological (overnight fasting) strategies to target the ghrelin system in the 129S1/SvImJ (S1) mouse strain, which models the endophenotype of impaired fear extinction that has been associated with treatment resistance in anxiety and PTSD patients. MK0677 induced food intake and overnight fasting increased plasma ghrelin levels in S1 mice, suggesting that the ghrelin system is responsive in the S1 strain. However, neither systemic administration of MK0677 nor overnight fasting had an effect on fear extinction in S1 mice. Similarly, our groups previously reported that both interventions did not attenuate fear in extinction-competent C57BL/6J mice. In summary, our findings are in contrast to several studies reporting beneficial effects of GHSR agonism and overnight fasting on fear- and anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. Rather, our data agree with accumulating evidence of divergent behavioral effects of ghrelin system activation and underscore the hypothesis that potential benefits of targeting the ghrelin system in fear extinction may be dependent on factors (e.g., previous stress exposure) that are not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Fritz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anouk Pierre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Yu Z, Ueno K, Funayama R, Sakai M, Nariai N, Kojima K, Kikuchi Y, Li X, Ono C, Kanatani J, Ono J, Iwamoto K, Hashimoto K, Kinoshita K, Nakayama K, Nagasaki M, Tomita H. Sex-Specific Differences in the Transcriptome of the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1083-1098. [PMID: 36414910 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia presents clinical and biological differences between males and females. This study investigated transcriptional profiles in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using postmortem data from the largest RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) database on schizophrenic cases and controls. Data for 154 male and 113 female controls and 160 male and 93 female schizophrenic cases were obtained from the CommonMind Consortium. In the RNA-seq database, the principal component analysis showed that sex effects were small in schizophrenia. After we analyzed the impact of sex-specific differences on gene expression, the female group showed more significantly changed genes compared with the male group. Based on the gene ontology analysis, the female sex-specific genes that changed were overrepresented in the mitochondrion, ATP (phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate)-, and metal ion-binding relevant biological processes. An ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes related to schizophrenia in the female group were involved in midbrain dopaminergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons and microglia. We used methylated DNA-binding domain-sequencing analyses and microarray to investigate the DNA methylation that potentially impacts the sex differences in gene transcription using a maternal immune activation (MIA) murine model. Among the sex-specific positional genes related to schizophrenia in the PFC of female offspring from MIA, the changes in the methylation and transcriptional expression of loci ACSBG1 were validated in the females with schizophrenia in independent postmortem samples by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. Our results reveal potential genetic risks in the DLPFC for the sex-dependent prevalence and symptomology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nariai
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaname Kojima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Junpei Kanatani
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jiro Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute for Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Sener EF, Dana H, Tahtasakal R, Hamurcu Z, Guler A, Tufan E, Doganyigit Z, Rassoulzadegan M. Partial changes in apoptotic pathways in hippocampus and hypothalamus of Cc2d1a heterozygous. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:531-541. [PMID: 36454503 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the apoptosis pathway have been linked to changes in serotonin levels seen in autistic patients. Cc2d1a is a repressor of the HTR1A gene involved in the serotonin pathway. The hippocampus and hypothalamus of Cc2d1a ± mice were analyzed for the expression of apoptosis markers (caspase 3, 8 and 9). Gender differences were observed in the expression levels of the three caspases consistent with some altered activity in the open-field assay. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased. We concluded that apoptotic pathways are only partially affected in the pathogenesis of the Cc2d1a heterozygous mouse model. A) Apoptosis is suppressed because the cell does not receive a death signal, or the receptor cannot activate the caspase 8 pathway despite the death signal. B) Since Caspase 8 and Caspase 3 expression is downregulated in our mouse model, the mechanism of apoptosis is not activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Funda Sener
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Halime Dana
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bozok University Medical Faculty, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
- INSERM-CNRS, IRCAN, Universite Cote d'Azur (UCA), 06107, Nice, France
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26
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Roland M, Berglas E, Pines R, Carata I, Castillo A, Nashed M, Sclafani A, Bodnar RJ. Differential patterns of opioid and dopamine D1 receptor antagonism on nutritive and non-nutritive sweetener intakes in C57BL/6:129 hybrid mice relative to inbred C57BL/6 and 129 mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 223:173514. [PMID: 36642390 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Opioid and dopamine (DA) D1 receptor antagonists differentially reduce nutritive and non-nutritive sweetener intakes in inbred mouse strains. Sucrose intake was more effectively reduced by naltrexone in C57BL/6 (B6) mice relative to 129P3 (129) mice, but more effectively reduced by SCH23390 in 129 mice relative to B6 mice. Opioid and DA D1 antagonists differentially reduced saccharin intakes in B6 mice relative to other strains. Given these differential patterns in sweetener intake in B6 and 129 mice, the present study examined whether systemic naltrexone (0.01-5 mg/kg) and SCH23390 (50-1600 nmol/kg) reduced intakes of 10 % sucrose or 0.2 % saccharin solutions over a 120 min time course in first-generation hybrid mice (B6:129) of B6 and 129 parents and reduced low-nutritive sweetener intakes in 129 mice. Naltrexone (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced 10 % sucrose intake in B6:129 hybrid mice more like that of 129 than B6 mice. In contrast, SCH23390 (400-1600 nmol/kg) reduced 10 % sucrose intake in B6:129 hybrid mice more effectively than that observed in B6 or 129 parental strains. Because 129 mice consumed relatively low amounts of 0.2 % saccharin, they were tested with a more attractive low-nutritive solution containing 0.2 % saccharin and 2 % sucrose. Naltrexone failed to reduce saccharin intake in B6:129 hybrid mice but suppressed saccharin+sucrose intake in 129 mice more like that observed in B6 mice. SCH23390 similarly inhibited saccharin or saccharin+sucrose intakes in hybrid B6:129, 129, and B6 mice with B6 mice more resistant to the lowest SCH23390 dose. Thus, whereas sucrose intake in B6:129 hybrid mice exhibited similar sensitivity to opioid and to a lesser degree DA D1 antagonism to their 129, but not B6 parents, opioid and DA D1 mediation of low- and non-nutritive sweet intake produced unique profiles among B6:129 hybrid and B6 and 129 strains which does not support a simple heritability explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Roland
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Eli Berglas
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel Pines
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Ion Carata
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Castillo
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Mirna Nashed
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony Sclafani
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, United States of America; Psychology Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, United States of America
| | - Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States of America; Psychology Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, United States of America.
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27
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Ehsanifar M, Montazeri Z, Zavareh MS, Rafati M, Wang J. Cognitive impairment, depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal microglia activation following exposure to air pollution nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23527-23537. [PMID: 36327074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution particulate matter (PM) is a world risk factor that the effects of long-term exposure to these factors in terms of damage to cardiovascular and pulmonary function are well known, but little is known comparatively about the effects of PM on emotional and cognitive processes. Exposure to PM can adversely affect the central nervous system (CNS) by inflammatory pathways and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with urban air pollution PM. Therefore, we investigated whether prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) affects hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and emotional and cognition responses. Male mice were exposed to DEPs for 6 and 12 weeks. DEP-exposed mice indicated more disorders in depressive-like responses and spatial memory and learning than in control groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in tge hippocampus was increased among mice exposed to DEPs. The number of activated microglia increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 regions of the hippocampus in DEP-exposed mice. These results show that chronic exposure to DEPs can alter neurobehavioral and impair cognition. Generally, these findings reaffirm the importance of protecting from exposure to ambient PM2.5 and also advance our understanding of the toxic actions of air pollution nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ehsanifar
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Montazeri
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehravar Rafati
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jie Wang
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Wölfl S, Zala SM, Penn DJ. Male scent but not courtship vocalizations induce estrus in wild female house mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 259:114053. [PMID: 36502894 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to males or male urinary scent can induce and accelerate the rate of female estrous cycling in house mice ("Whitten effect"), and this response has been replicated many times since its discovery over 60 years ago. Here, we tested whether exposing female mice to recordings of male courtship ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) induces estrous cycling, and whether exposure to both male scent and USVs has a stronger effect than to either of these stimuli alone. We conducted our study with 60 wild-derived female house mice (Mus musculus musculus). After singly housing females for 14 days, we monitored estrous stages via vaginal cytology for two weeks while isolated from males or male stimuli. We continued monitoring estrus for two more weeks during experimental exposure to one of four different types of stimuli: (1) clean bedding and background noise playback (negative control); (2) recordings of male USVs (16 min per day) and clean bedding (male USV treatment); (3) soiled male bedding and background noise playback (male odor treatment; positive control); or (4) male USVs and soiled male bedding (male odor and USV treatment). Females were then paired with males to test whether any of the four treatments influenced female reproduction (especially latency to birth). We confirmed that exposure to male odor increased female cycling, as expected, but exposure to recordings of male USVs had no effect on estrus. Females exposed to both USVs and odor went through more cycles compared to controls, but did not differ significantly from exposure to male odor (and background noise). After pairing females with a male, females showing male odor-induced cycling produced their first litter sooner than controls, whereas USVs did not have such an effect. This is the first study to our knowledge to show that male odor induces estrus in wild house mice and to show functional effects on reproduction. Our results do not support the hypothesis that male vocalizations induce female estrus, although we suggest other approaches that could be used to further test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wölfl
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah M Zala
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dustin J Penn
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Modeling integrated stress, sleep, fear and neuroimmune responses: Relevance for understanding trauma and stress-related disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 23:100517. [PMID: 36793998 PMCID: PMC9923229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and stress have complex interactions that are implicated in both physical diseases and psychiatric disorders. These interactions can be modulated by learning and memory, and involve additional interactions with the neuroimmune system. In this paper, we propose that stressful challenges induce integrated responses across multiple systems that can vary depending on situational variables in which the initial stress was experienced, and with the ability of the individual to cope with stress- and fear-inducing challenges. Differences in coping may involve differences in resilience and vulnerability and/or whether the stressful context allows adaptive learning and responses. We provide data demonstrating both common (corticosterone, SIH and fear behaviors) and distinguishing (sleep and neuroimmune) responses that are associated with an individual's ability to respond and relative resilience and vulnerability. We discuss neurocircuitry regulating integrated stress, sleep, neuroimmune and fear responses, and show that responses can be modulated at the neural level. Finally, we discuss factors that need to be considered in models of integrated stress responses and their relevance for understanding stress-related disorders in humans.
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30
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Owada R, Kakuta Y, Yoshida K, Mitsui S, Nakamura K. Conditioned medium from BV2 microglial cells having polyleucine specifically alters startle response in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18718. [PMID: 36333586 PMCID: PMC9636192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat-associated non-AUG translation (RAN translation) is observed in transcripts that are causative for polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and generates proteins with mono amino acid tracts such as polyalanine (polyA), polyleucine (polyL) and polyserine (polyS) in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We have previously shown that microglia with aggregated polyQ led to defective differentiation and degeneration of neuron-like cells. However, it has not been determined whether only microglia containing a specific RAN product, but not other RAN products, is harmful in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that polyL-incorporating microglia specifically led to altered startle response in mice. Aggregated polyA, polyS and polyL induced aberrant differentiation of microglia-like BV2 cells. Differentiated PC12 cells treated with conditioned medium (CM) of polyS- and polyL- but not polyA-incorporating microglia-like BV2 cells showed retraction of neurites and loss of branch of neurites. Injection of the polyL-CM, but not polyA-CM and polyS-CM, into the lateral ventricle lowered startle response in mice. Consistently, polyL induced the highest expression of CD68 in BV2 cells. The lowered startle response was replicated in mice given the polyL-CM in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), the key region of startle response. Thus, endogenous RAN proteins having polyL derived from polyQ diseases-causative genes in microglia might specifically impair startle response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Owada
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Yohei Kakuta
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Shinichi Mitsui
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
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31
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van Ginkel WG, Winn SR, Dudley S, Krenik D, Perez R, Rimann N, Thöny B, Raber J, Harding CO. Biochemical and behavioural profile of NTBC treated Tyrosinemie type 1 mice. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:9-17. [PMID: 35868243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a defect in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. Since HT1 patients are treated with NTBC, outcome improved and life expectancy greatly increased. However extensive neurocognitive and behavioural problems have been described, which might be related to treatment with NTBC, the biochemical changes induced by NTBC, or metabolites accumulating due to the enzymatic defect characterizing the disease. OBJECTIVE To study the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of brain dysfunction in HT1, we assessed blood and brain LNAA, and brain monoamine neurotransmitter metabolite levels in relation to behavioural and cognitive performance of HT1 mice. DESIGN C57BL/6 littermates were divided in three different experimental groups: HT1, heterozygous and wild-type mice (n = 10; 5 male). All groups were treated with NTBC and underwent cognitive and behavioural testing. One week after behavioural testing, blood and brain material were collected to measure amino acid profiles and brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels. RESULTS Irrespective of the genetic background, NTBC treatment resulted in a clear increase in brain tyrosine levels, whereas all other brain LNAA levels tended to be lower than their reference values. Despite these changes in blood and brain biochemistry, no significant differences in brain monoamine neurotransmitter (metabolites) were found and all mice showed normal behaviour and learning and memory. CONCLUSION Despite the biochemical changes, NTBC and genotype of the mice were not associated with poorer behavioural and cognitive function of the mice. Further research involving dietary treatment of FAH-/- are warranted to investigate whether this reveals the cognitive impairments that have been seen in treated HT1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem G van Ginkel
- University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shelley R Winn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sandra Dudley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Destine Krenik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Rimann
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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32
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Saré RM, Torossian A, Loutaev I, Smith CB. Confirmation of Decreased Rates of Cerebral Protein Synthesis In Vivo in a Mouse Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0480-21.2022. [PMID: 35851298 PMCID: PMC9347307 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0480-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder that results in intellectual disability and, in ∼50% of patients, autism spectrum disorder. The protein products that are altered in TSC (TSC1 and TSC2) form a complex to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR; mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)] pathway. This pathway has been shown to affect the process of mRNA translation through its action on ribosomal protein S6 and 4-elongation binding protein 1. It is thought that mutations in the TSC proteins lead to upregulation of the mTORC1 pathway and consequently an increase in protein synthesis. Unexpectedly, our previous study of a mouse model of TSC (Tsc2Djk +/) demonstrated decreased in vivo rates of protein synthesis throughout the brain. In the present study, we confirm those results in another Tsc2+/- mouse model, one with a different mutation locus and on a mixed background (Tsc2Mjg +/-). We also examine mTORC1 signaling and possible effects of prior isoflurane anesthesia. Because measurements of protein synthesis rates in vivo require surgical preparation of the animal and anesthesia, we examine mTORC1 signaling pathways both under baseline conditions and following recovery from anesthesia. Our results demonstrate regionally selective effects of prior anesthesia. Overall, our results in both in vivo models suggest differences to the central hypothesis regarding TSC and show the importance of studying protein synthesis in vivo Significance StatementProtein synthesis is an important process for brain function. In the disorder, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is reduced and this is thought to lead to excessive protein synthesis. Most studies of protein synthesis in models of TSC have been conducted in vitro We report here confirmation of our previous in vivo study showing decreased brain protein synthesis rates in a second mouse model of TSC, results counter to the central hypothesis regarding TSC. We also explore the possible influence of prior isoflurane exposure on signaling pathways involved in regulation of protein synthesis. This study highlights a novel aspect of TSC and the importance of studying cellular processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Michelle Saré
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Anita Torossian
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Inna Loutaev
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Carolyn Beebe Smith
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Buhusi CV, Meyer AE, Oprisan SA, Buhusi M. Not All Mice Are Created Equal: Interval Timing Accuracy and Scalar Timing in 129, Swiss-Webster, and C57BL/6 Mice. TIMING & TIME PERCEPTION 2022; 11:242-262. [PMID: 37065684 PMCID: PMC10103834 DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many species, including humans, show both accurate timing − appropriate time estimation in the seconds to minutes range − and scalar timing − time estimation error varies linearly with estimated duration. Behavioral paradigms aimed at investigating interval timing are expected to evaluate these dissociable characteristics of timing. However, when evaluating interval timing in models of neuropsychiatric disease, researchers are confronted with a lack of adequate studies about the parent (background) strains, since accuracy and scalar timing have only been demonstrated for the C57BL/6 strain of mice (Buhusi, Aziz, Winslow, Carter, Swearingen, & Buhusi (2009) Behav. Neurosci., 123, 1102–1113). We used a peak-interval (PI) procedure with three intervals − a protocol in which other species, including humans, demonstrate accurate, scalar timing − to evaluate timing accuracy and scalar timing in three strains of mice frequently used in genetic and behavioral studies: 129, Swiss-Webster (SW), and C57BL/6. C57BL/6 mice showed accurate, scalar timing, while 129 and SW mice showed departures from accuracy and/or scalar timing. Results suggest that the genetic background/strain of the mouse is a critical variable for studies investigating interval timing in genetically engineered mice. Our study validates the PI procedure with multiple intervals as a proper technique, and the C57BL/6 strain as the most suitable genetic background to date for behavioral investigations of interval timing in genetically engineered mice modeling human disorders. In contrast, studies using mice in 129, SW, or mixed-background strains should be interpreted with caution, and thorough investigations of accuracy and scalar timing should be conducted before a less studied strain of mouse is considered for use in timing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin V. Buhusi
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Abby E. Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Sorinel A. Oprisan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Mona Buhusi
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Ehsanifar M, Yavari Z, Rafati M. Exposure to urban air pollution particulate matter: neurobehavioral alteration and hippocampal inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50856-50866. [PMID: 35237914 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with many neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders in human populations. Rodent models show similar neurotoxic effects of urban air pollution ultrafine particulate matter (UFPs < 100 nm (PM0.1)), collected by different methods or from various sources. Exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFPs < 100 nm (PM0.1)) can be adversely impacting the central nervous system (CNS) by the activation of proinflammatory pathways and reactive oxygen species associated with air pollution particulate matter. We investigated hippocampal inflammatory cytokines, neurobehavioral alteration, and neuronal morphology following exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) in mice. Male mice were DEPs exposed for 14 weeks. Mice exposed to DEPs showed more disorders in spatial memory and learning and depressive-like responses than control mice. Expression of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokine was increased among DEPs exposure mice. The density of neurons in hippocampus CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions decreased in DEPs mice. Overall, these findings show that prolonged exposure to DEPs in the world's major cities can alter neurobehavioral and impair cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ehsanifar
- Genetic and Environmental Adventures Research Center, School of Abarkouh Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yavari
- Genetic and Environmental Adventures Research Center, School of Abarkouh Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mehravar Rafati
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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35
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Ammassari-Teule M. Inbred Mice Again at Stake: How the Cognitive Profile of the Wild-Type Mouse Background Discloses Pathogenic Effects of APP Mutations. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:868473. [PMID: 35813596 PMCID: PMC9260142 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.868473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing efforts have been made in the last decades to increase the face validity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. Main advancements have consisted in generating AD mutations closer to those identified in humans, enhancing genetic diversity of wild-type backgrounds, and choosing protocols much apt to reveal AD-like cognitive dysfunctions. Nevertheless, two aspects remain less considered: the cognitive specialization of inbred strains used as recipient backgrounds of mutations and the heuristic importance of studying destabilization of memory circuits in pre-symptomatic mice facing cognitive challenges. This article underscores the relevance of these behavioral/experimental aspects by reviewing data which show that (i) inbred mice differ in their innate predisposition to rely on episodic vs. procedural memory, which implicates differential sensitivity to mutations aimed at disrupting temporal lobe-dependent memory, and that (ii) investigating training-driven neural alterations in asymptomatic mutants unveils early synaptic damage, which considerably anticipates detection of AD first signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Ammassari-Teule
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Martine Ammassari-Teule
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36
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Sasamori H, Asakura T, Sugiura C, Bouchekioua Y, Nishitani N, Sato M, Yoshida T, Yamasaki M, Terao A, Watanabe M, Ohmura Y, Yoshioka M. Behavioral characteristics of dopamine D 5 receptor knockout mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6014. [PMID: 35399112 PMCID: PMC8995362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia are often accompanied by elevated impulsivity. However, anti-impulsive drug treatments are still limited. To explore a novel molecular target, we examined the role of dopamine D5 receptors in impulse control using mice that completely lack D5 receptors (D5KO mice). We also measured spontaneous activity and learning/memory ability because these deficits could confound the assessment of impulsivity. We found small but significant effects of D5 receptor knockout on home cage activity only at specific times of the day. In addition, an analysis using the q-learning model revealed that D5KO mice displayed lower behavioral adjustment after impulsive actions. However, our results also showed that baseline impulsive actions and the effects of an anti-impulsive drug in D5KO mice were comparable to those in wild-type littermates. Moreover, unlike previous studies that used other D5 receptor-deficient mouse lines, we did not observe reductions in locomotor activity, working memory deficits, or severe learning deficits in our line of D5KO mice. These findings demonstrate that D5 receptors are dispensable for impulse control. Our results also indicate that time series analysis and detailed analysis of the learning process are necessary to clarify the behavioral functions of D5 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sasamori
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Chiaki Sugiura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Youcef Bouchekioua
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshida
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ohmura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Klibaite U, Kislin M, Verpeut JL, Bergeler S, Sun X, Shaevitz JW, Wang SSH. Deep phenotyping reveals movement phenotypes in mouse neurodevelopmental models. Mol Autism 2022; 13:12. [PMID: 35279205 PMCID: PMC8917660 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive action, resistance to environmental change and fine motor disruptions are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders, and vary considerably from individual to individual. In animal models, conventional behavioral phenotyping captures such fine-scale variations incompletely. Here we observed male and female C57BL/6J mice to methodically catalog adaptive movement over multiple days and examined two rodent models of developmental disorders against this dynamic baseline. We then investigated the behavioral consequences of a cerebellum-specific deletion in Tsc1 protein and a whole-brain knockout in Cntnap2 protein in mice. Both of these mutations are found in clinical conditions and have been associated with ASD. METHODS We used advances in computer vision and deep learning, namely a generalized form of high-dimensional statistical analysis, to develop a framework for characterizing mouse movement on multiple timescales using a single popular behavioral assay, the open-field test. The pipeline takes virtual markers from pose estimation to find behavior clusters and generate wavelet signatures of behavior classes. We measured spatial and temporal habituation to a new environment across minutes and days, different types of self-grooming, locomotion and gait. RESULTS Both Cntnap2 knockouts and L7-Tsc1 mutants showed forelimb lag during gait. L7-Tsc1 mutants and Cntnap2 knockouts showed complex defects in multi-day adaptation, lacking the tendency of wild-type mice to spend progressively more time in corners of the arena. In L7-Tsc1 mutant mice, failure to adapt took the form of maintained ambling, turning and locomotion, and an overall decrease in grooming. However, adaptation in these traits was similar between wild-type mice and Cntnap2 knockouts. L7-Tsc1 mutant and Cntnap2 knockout mouse models showed different patterns of behavioral state occupancy. LIMITATIONS Genetic risk factors for autism are numerous, and we tested only two. Our pipeline was only done under conditions of free behavior. Testing under task or social conditions would reveal more information about behavioral dynamics and variability. CONCLUSIONS Our automated pipeline for deep phenotyping successfully captures model-specific deviations in adaptation and movement as well as differences in the detailed structure of behavioral dynamics. The reported deficits indicate that deep phenotyping constitutes a robust set of ASD symptoms that may be considered for implementation in clinical settings as quantitative diagnosis criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Klibaite
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mikhail Kislin
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica L Verpeut
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Silke Bergeler
- Department of Physics, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Washington Rd, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua W Shaevitz
- Department of Physics, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Washington Rd, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Samuel S-H Wang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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38
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Cook JR, Li H, Nguyen B, Huang HH, Mahdavian P, Kirchgessner MA, Strassmann P, Engelhardt M, Callaway EM, Jin X. Secondary auditory cortex mediates a sensorimotor mechanism for action timing. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:330-344. [PMID: 35260862 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately determine when to perform an action is a fundamental brain function and vital to adaptive behavior. The behavioral mechanism and neural circuit for action timing, however, remain largely unknown. Using a new, self-paced action timing task in mice, we found that deprivation of auditory, but not somatosensory or visual input, disrupts learned action timing. The hearing effect was dependent on the auditory feedback derived from the animal's own actions, rather than passive environmental cues. Neuronal activity in the secondary auditory cortex was found to be both correlated with and necessary for the proper execution of learned action timing. Closed-loop, action-dependent optogenetic stimulation of the specific task-related neuronal population within the secondary auditory cortex rescued the key features of learned action timing under auditory deprivation. These results unveil a previously underappreciated sensorimotor mechanism in which the secondary auditory cortex transduces self-generated audiomotor feedback to control action timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Cook
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hao Li
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bella Nguyen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Huang
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Payaam Mahdavian
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchgessner
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Strassmann
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max Engelhardt
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward M Callaway
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. .,NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Systematic identification of candidate genes associated with aggressive behavior: A neurogenetic approach. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Nigri M, Åhlgren J, Wolfer DP, Voikar V. Role of Environment and Experimenter in Reproducibility of Behavioral Studies With Laboratory Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:835444. [PMID: 35250504 PMCID: PMC8895324 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.835444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral phenotyping of mice has received a great deal of attention during the past three decades. However, there is still a pressing need to understand the variability caused by environmental and biological factors, human interference, and poorly standardized experimental protocols. The inconsistency of results is often attributed to the inter-individual difference between the experimenters and environmental conditions. The present work aims to dissect the combined influence of the experimenter and the environment on the detection of behavioral traits in two inbred strains most commonly used in behavioral genetics due to their contrasting phenotypes, the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. To this purpose, the elevated O-maze, the open field with object, the accelerating rotarod and the Barnes maze tests were performed by two experimenters in two diverse laboratory environments. Our findings confirm the well-characterized behavioral differences between these strains in exploratory behavior, motor performance, learning and memory. Moreover, the results demonstrate how the experimenter and the environment influence the behavioral tests with a variable-dependent effect, often with mutually exclusive contributions. In this context, our study highlights how both the experimenter and the environment can have an impact on the strain effect size without altering the direction of the conclusions. Importantly, the general agreement on the results is reached by converging evidence from multiple measures addressing the same trait. In conclusion, the present work elucidates the contribution of both the experimenter and the laboratory environment in the intricate field of reproducibility in mouse behavioral phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nigri
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Martina Nigri,
| | - Johanna Åhlgren
- Laboratory Animal Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David P. Wolfer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vootele Voikar
- Laboratory Animal Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Vootele Voikar,
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Bicakci AO, Sarkar M, Chang YH, Kahl E, Ragazzi L, Moldes-Anaya A, Fendt M. Anxiolytic-like Effects of the Positive GABAB Receptor Modulator GS39783 Correlate with Mice’s Individual Basal Anxiety and Stress Reactivity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020233. [PMID: 35215345 PMCID: PMC8878184 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor modulators such as GS39783 have showed anxiolytic-like effects in several studies while such effects were absent in other studies. These conflicting findings led us hypothesize that the anxiolytic-like effects of such compounds depend on the individual basal anxiety and/or the anxiogenic properties of the used tests. The present study addresses this hypothesis by testing GS39783 effects on mice’s anxiety-like behavior in a light–dark box. We found that GS39783 had no effects on a whole-group level. However, after grouping the mice for their basal anxiety, GS39783 reduced anxiety-like behavior in the subgroup with highest basal anxiety. Moreover, GS39783 effects correlated with individual basal anxiety. Next, the anxiogenic properties of the light–dark box test were increased by prior stress exposure. Again, GS39783 was not effective on a whole-group level. However, GS39783 had an anxiolytic-like effect in the most stress-responsive subgroup. Moreover, GS39783 effects correlated with individual stress responsiveness. Finally, we show that GS39783 brain levels were within a behaviorally relevant range. Overall, our study demonstrates that GS39783 effects depend on individual basal anxiety and stress responsiveness. This suggests that anxiety tests should generally be designed to capture individual basal anxiety and/or stress responsiveness as well as individual compound effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Oguzhan Bicakci
- Integrative Neuroscience Master Program, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.O.B.); (M.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Mousumi Sarkar
- Integrative Neuroscience Master Program, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.O.B.); (M.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Yu-Hsin Chang
- Integrative Neuroscience Master Program, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.O.B.); (M.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Evelyn Kahl
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Lorenzo Ragazzi
- Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Angel Moldes-Anaya
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
- Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Unit, The PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-21982
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Meynier M, Baudu E, Rolhion N, Defaye M, Straube M, Daugey V, Modoux M, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Villéger R, Méleine M, Borras Nogues E, Godfraind C, Barnich N, Ardid D, Poirier P, Sokol H, Chatel JM, Langella P, Livrelli V, Bonnet M, Carvalho FA. AhR/IL-22 pathway as new target for the treatment of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2022997. [PMID: 35090380 PMCID: PMC8803069 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2022997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in brain/gut/microbiota axis are linked to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) physiopathology. Upon gastrointestinal infection, chronic abdominal pain and anxio-depressive comorbidities may persist despite pathogen clearance leading to Post-Infectious IBS (PI-IBS). This study assesses the influence of tryptophan metabolism, and particularly the microbiota-induced AhR expression, on intestinal homeostasis disturbance following gastroenteritis resolution, and evaluates the efficacy of IL-22 cytokine vectorization on PI-IBS symptoms. The Citrobacter rodentium infection model in C57BL6/J mice was used to mimic Enterobacteria gastroenteritis. Intestinal homeostasis was evaluated as low-grade inflammation, permeability, mucosa-associated microbiota composition, and colonic sensitivity. Cognitive performances and emotional state of animals were assessed using several tests. Tryptophan metabolism was analyzed by targeted metabolomics. AhR activity was evaluated using a luciferase reporter assay method. One Lactococcus lactis strain carrying an eukaryotic expression plasmid for murine IL-22 (L. lactisIL-22) was used to induce IL-22 production in mouse colonic mucosa. C. rodentium-infected mice exhibited persistent colonic hypersensitivity and cognitive impairments and anxiety-like behaviors after pathogen clearance. These post-infectious disorders were associated with low-grade inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, decrease of Lactobacillaceae abundance associated with the colonic layer, and increase of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). During post-infection period, the indole pathway and AhR activity were decreased due to a reduction of tryptophol production. Treatment with L. lactisIL-22 restored gut permeability and normalized colonic sensitivity, restored cognitive performances and decreased anxiety-like behaviors. Data from the video-tracking system suggested an upgrade of welfare for mice receiving the L.lactisIL-22 strain. Our findings revealed that AhR/IL-22 signaling pathway is altered in a preclinical PI-IBS model. IL-22 delivering alleviate PI-IBS symptoms as colonic hypersensitivity, cognitive impairments, and anxiety-like behaviors by acting on intestinal mucosa integrity. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway could be developed to treat IBS patients suffering from chronic abdominal pain and associated well-being disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Meynier
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Elodie Baudu
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Nathalie Rolhion
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, F-75012Paris, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine FHU, Paris, France
| | - Manon Defaye
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- LMGE, CNRS 6023, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Marjolène Straube
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, F-75012Paris, France
| | - Valentine Daugey
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Morgane Modoux
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, F-75012Paris, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- LMGE, CNRS 6023, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- LMGE, CNRS 6023, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Romain Villéger
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Mathieu Méleine
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Esther Borras Nogues
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnementale (INRAE), AgroParisTech UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Catherine Godfraind
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Neuropathology Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Denis Ardid
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, F-75012Paris, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine FHU, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnementale (INRAE), AgroParisTech UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnementale (INRAE), AgroParisTech UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnementale (INRAE), AgroParisTech UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Livrelli
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand63001, France
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43
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Sanchez-Arias JC, Carrier M, Frederiksen SD, Shevtsova O, McKee C, van der Slagt E, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Nguyen HL, Young PA, Tremblay MÈ, Swayne LA. A Systematic, Open-Science Framework for Quantification of Cell-Types in Mouse Brain Sections Using Fluorescence Microscopy. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:722443. [PMID: 34949993 PMCID: PMC8691181 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.722443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-expanding availability and evolution of microscopy tools has enabled ground-breaking discoveries in neurobiology, particularly with respect to the analysis of cell-type density and distribution. Widespread implementation of many of the elegant image processing tools available continues to be impeded by the lack of complete workflows that span from experimental design, labeling techniques, and analysis workflows, to statistical methods and data presentation. Additionally, it is important to consider open science principles (e.g., open-source software and tools, user-friendliness, simplicity, and accessibility). In the present methodological article, we provide a compendium of resources and a FIJI-ImageJ-based workflow aimed at improving the quantification of cell density in mouse brain samples using semi-automated open-science-based methods. Our proposed framework spans from principles and best practices of experimental design, histological and immunofluorescence staining, and microscopy imaging to recommendations for statistical analysis and data presentation. To validate our approach, we quantified neuronal density in the mouse barrel cortex using antibodies against pan-neuronal and interneuron markers. This framework is intended to be simple and yet flexible, such that it can be adapted to suit distinct project needs. The guidelines, tips, and proposed methodology outlined here, will support researchers of wide-ranging experience levels and areas of focus in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Olga Shevtsova
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chloe McKee
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma van der Slagt
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hai Lam Nguyen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Penelope A Young
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Jašarević E, Hill EM, Kane PJ, Rutt L, Gyles T, Folts L, Rock KD, Howard CD, Morrison KE, Ravel J, Bale TL. The composition of human vaginal microbiota transferred at birth affects offspring health in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6289. [PMID: 34725359 PMCID: PMC8560944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns are colonized by maternal microbiota that is essential for offspring health and development. The composition of these pioneer communities exhibits individual differences, but the importance of this early-life heterogeneity to health outcomes is not understood. Here we validate a human microbiota-associated model in which fetal mice are cesarean delivered and gavaged with defined human vaginal microbial communities. This model replicates the inoculation that occurs during vaginal birth and reveals lasting effects on offspring metabolism, immunity, and the brain in a community-specific manner. This microbial effect is amplified by prior gestation in a maternal obesogenic or vaginal dysbiotic environment where placental and fetal ileum development are altered, and an augmented immune response increases rates of offspring mortality. Collectively, we describe a translationally relevant model to examine the defined role of specific human microbial communities on offspring health outcomes, and demonstrate that the prenatal environment dramatically shapes the postnatal response to inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldin Jašarević
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Patrick J Kane
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lindsay Rutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Trevonn Gyles
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lillian Folts
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christopher D Howard
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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45
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Strain differences in performance of alternation patterns between C57BL/6 and CF1 mice. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Kudryavtseva NN. Development of Mixed Anxiety/Depression-Like State as a Consequence of Chronic Anxiety: Review of Experimental Data. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 54:125-152. [PMID: 34622394 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The review presents experimental data considered from the point of view of dynamic changes in the brain neurochemistry, physiology, and behavior of animals during the development of mixed anxiety/depression-like disorder caused by chronic social stress from norm to severe psychopathology. Evidences are presented to support the hypothesis that chronic anxiety rather than social defeat stress is an etiological factor in depression. The consequences of chronic anxiety for human health and social life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N Kudryavtseva
- Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, Neuropathology Modeling Laboratory, FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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47
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Eskenazi D, Malave L, Mingote S, Yetnikoff L, Ztaou S, Velicu V, Rayport S, Chuhma N. Dopamine Neurons That Cotransmit Glutamate, From Synapses to Circuits to Behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:665386. [PMID: 34093138 PMCID: PMC8170480 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.665386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered just over 20 years ago, dopamine neurons have the ability to cotransmit both dopamine and glutamate. Yet, the functional roles of dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission and their implications for therapeutic use are just emerging. This review article encompasses the current body of evidence investigating the functions of dopamine neurons of the ventral midbrain that cotransmit glutamate. Since its discovery in dopamine neuron cultures, further work in vivo confirmed dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission across species. From there, growing interest has led to research related to neural functioning including roles in synaptic signaling, development, and behavior. Functional connectome mapping reveals robust connections in multiple forebrain regions to various cell types, most notably to cholinergic interneurons in both the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens and the lateral dorsal striatum. Glutamate markers in dopamine neurons reach peak levels during embryonic development and increase in response to various toxins, suggesting dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission may serve neuroprotective roles. Findings from behavioral analyses reveal prominent roles for dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission in responses to psychostimulants, in positive valence and cognitive systems and for subtle roles in negative valence systems. Insight into dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission informs the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, schizophrenia and Parkinson Disease, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eskenazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Malave
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leora Yetnikoff
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, United States
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samira Ztaou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vlad Velicu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
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48
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Evaluation of Potential Sustainable Bedding Substrates Focusing on Preference, Behavior, and Stress Physiology in Rats-A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051375. [PMID: 34066005 PMCID: PMC8151165 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring optimal housing conditions for laboratory animals is a crucial prerequisite for high-quality and ethically justifiable in vivo science. In addition to guaranteeing animal welfare and promoting scientific validity, environmental sustainability is also increasingly gaining attention in laboratory animal facilities. Consequently, comprehensive management of such aspects is one of the core tasks of any research vivarium. Hygienic monitoring and adhering to standardized experimental protocols have been highlighted in the past; nevertheless, various environmental aspects of housing animals still need to be evaluated in greater depth. In this pilot study, we aimed at assessing the suitability of spelt and corncob as economical and ecologically friendly bedding substrates as compared with commonly used aspen wood chips. Therefore, following a descriptive study design, we examined the preferences of male and female Wistar rats for corncob and spelt under specific conditions. In addition, we evaluated potential effects on behavior, metabolism, and stress physiology. The type of bedding did not seem to influence behavior in the observed parameters but did have time- and sex-dependent effects on blood glucose. Furthermore, housing animals on spelt led to a significant reduction in food consumption, probably compensated for by the intake of spelt, and although it did not influence glucose levels, it may have certainly impacted the nutrient supply. Our descriptive pilot study, therefore, highlights the importance of a thorough condition-associated evaluation of even seemingly marginal environmental factors, when balancing potential cost-benefit advances in sustainability and questions of standardization and reproducibility of experimental protocols.
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49
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Saré RM, Lemons A, Smith CB. Behavior Testing in Rodents: Highlighting Potential Confounds Affecting Variability and Reproducibility. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040522. [PMID: 33924037 PMCID: PMC8073298 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of brain disorders including neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases are essential for increasing our understanding of underlying pathology and for preclinical testing of potential treatments. Some of the most important outcome measures in such studies are behavioral. Unfortunately, reports from different labs are often conflicting, and preclinical studies in rodent models are not often corroborated in human trials. There are many well-established tests for assessing various behavioral readouts, but subtle aspects can influence measurements. Features such as housing conditions, conditions of testing, and the sex and strain of the animals can all have effects on tests of behavior. In the conduct of behavior testing, it is important to keep these features in mind to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of results. In this review, we highlight factors that we and others have encountered that can influence behavioral measures. Our goal is to increase awareness of factors that can affect behavior in rodents and to emphasize the need for detailed reporting of methods.
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50
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Comprehensive characterization of motor and coordination functions in three adolescent wild-type mouse strains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6497. [PMID: 33753800 PMCID: PMC7985312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are often associated with motor and coordination abnormalities that have important implications on the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of these disorders. Although the onset of many neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder emerges mainly during infancy and adolescence, most of the behavioral studies in mice modeling neuropsychiatric phenotypes are performed in adult animals, possibly missing valuable phenotypic information related to the effect of synaptic maturation during development. Here, we examined which behavioral tests assessing both motor and coordination functions can be performed in mice at two different adolescent stages. As strain and sex affect mouse behavior, our experiments covered both male and female mice of three inbred wild-type strains, C57BL/6N, DBA/2, and FVB/N. Adolescent mice of both postnatal days (P)22-30 and P32-40 developmental stages were capable of mastering common motor and coordination tests. However, results differed significantly between strains and sexes. Moreover, the 10-day interval between the two tested cohorts uncovered a strong difference in the behavioral results, confirming the significant impact of maturation on behavioral patterns. Interestingly, the results of distinct behavioral experiments were directly correlated with the weight of mice, which may explain the lack of reproducibility of some behavioral results in genetically-modified mice. Our study paves the way for better reproducibility of behavioral tests by addressing the effect of the developmental stage, strain, sex, and weight of mice on achieving the face validity of neuropsychiatric disorder-associated motor dysfunctions.
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