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Lamont L, Hadavi D, Bowman AP, Flinders B, Cooper‐Shepherd D, Palmer M, Jordens J, Mengerink Y, Honing M, Langridge J, Porta Siegel T, Vreeken RJ, Heeren RMA. High-resolution ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry for isomeric separation of prostanoids after Girard's reagent T derivatization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9439. [PMID: 36415963 PMCID: PMC10078546 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isomeric separation of prostanoids is often a challenge and requires chromatography and time-consuming sample preparation. Multiple prostanoid isomers have distinct in vivo functions crucial for understanding the inflammation process, including prostaglandins E2 (PGE2 ) and D2 (PGD2 ). High-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) based on linear ion transport in low-to-moderate electric fields and nonlinear ion transport in strong electric fields emerges as a broad approach for rapid separations prior to mass spectrometry. METHODS Derivatization with Girard's reagent T (GT) was used to overcome inefficient ionization of prostanoids in negative ionization mode due to poor deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. Three high-resolution IMS techniques, namely linear cyclic IMS, linear trapped IMS, and nonlinear high-field asymmetric waveform IMS, were compared for the isomeric separation and endogenous detection of prostanoids present in intestinal tissue. RESULTS Direct infusion of GT-derivatized prostanoids proved to increase the ionization efficiency in positive ionization mode by a factor of >10, which enabled detection of these molecules in endogenous concentration levels. The high-resolution IMS comparison revealed its potential for rapid isomeric analysis of biologically relevant prostanoids. Strengths and weaknesses of both linear and nonlinear IMS are discussed. Endogenous prostanoid detection in intestinal tissue extracts demonstrated the applicability of our approach in biomedical research. CONCLUSIONS The applied derivatization strategy offers high sensitivity and improved stereoisomeric separation for screening of complex biological systems. The high-resolution IMS comparison indicated that the best sensitivity and resolution are achieved by linear and nonlinear IMS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Lamont
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Darya Hadavi
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew P. Bowman
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Bryn Flinders
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Jordens
- DSM Materials Science CenterGeleenMDThe Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten Honing
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tiffany Porta Siegel
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Vreeken
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Janssen R&DBeerseBelgium
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass SpectrometryMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Matveeva MD, Zimens ME, Topolyan AP, Zhilyaev DI, Voskressenskaya DL, Krivosheina MS, Borisov RS, Zaikin VG. 1-Pyrenylboronic Acid as a Reactive Matrix for the Analysis of Polyfunctional Compounds by MALDI Mass Spectrometry: New Possibilities. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822140040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Borisov RS, Matveeva MD, Zaikin VG. Reactive Matrices for Analytical Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1027-1043. [PMID: 34969337 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a special focus is placed on the usage of reactive matrices for analytical matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Since 2003, when the term "reactive matrices" was suggested and the dignity of compounds, possessing dualistic properties as matrices and derivatization agents was demonstrated, corresponding approach has found application in various fields and, in particular, in bioanalysis (metabolomics, lipidomics, etc.). The main advantage of this methodology is that it reduces sample treatment time, simplifies the procedure of sample handling, improves the sensitivity of analysis, enhances the molecular identification and profiling. Within the framework of this review, the main attention is paid to "true" reactive matrices that interact with analyte molecules through an exchange or addition reactions. A special section discusses practical application of reactive matrices in the determination of the distribution of targeted and non-targeted organic substances on the surface of biological tissue sections by MALDI-MS imaging. In this critical review, a controversial proposal is made to consider protonating and deprotonating matrices as reactive, because they can undergo a chemical reaction such as proton transfer that occurs in both target solution and MALDI plume. In this respect, special attention is paid to "proton sponge" matrices that have found a wide application in the analysis of various acidic compounds by MALDI-MS in the negative mode. Historical data on the formation of ions and the fate of matrices in MALDI are considered at the beginning of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya D Matveeva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Sample preparation strategy for the detection of steroid-like compounds using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging: pulmonary distribution of budesonide as a case study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4363-4371. [PMID: 34002273 PMCID: PMC8222037 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids as budesonide can be effective in reducing topic inflammation processes in different organs. Therapeutic use of budesonide in respiratory diseases, like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis is well known. However, the pulmonary distribution of budesonide is not well understood, mainly due to the difficulties in tracing the molecule in lung samples without the addition of a label. In this paper, we present a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging protocol that can be used to visualize the pulmonary distribution of budesonide administered to a surfactant-depleted adult rabbit. Considering that budesonide is not easily ionized by MALDI, we developed an on-tissue derivatization method with Girard’s reagent P followed by ferulic acid deposition as MALDI matrix. Interestingly, this sample preparation protocol results as a very effective strategy to raise the sensitivity towards not only budesonide but also other corticosteroids, allowing us to track its distribution and quantify the drug inside lung samples. ![]()
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Qiao Z, Lissel F. MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:868-878. [PMID: 33657276 PMCID: PMC8251880 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and "MALDI silent", i. e., do not give matrix-related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well-known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial-based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden (Germany) Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryDresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden (Germany) Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryDresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 401062DresdenGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
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Esposito MC, Santos ALA, Bonfilio R, de Araújo MB. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods in Pharmaceutical Matrices for Determination of Corticosteroids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:111-124. [PMID: 30869528 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1581050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are a class of hormones released by the adrenal cortex, which includes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and calcium and effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. Due to their intense immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of various inflammatory, malignant, allergic conditions such as rhinitis, asthma, dermatological, rheumatic, ophthalmic and neurological diseases, as well as after organ transplants. They are the most widely prescribed drugs in the world. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the analytical methods in pharmaceutical matrices for determination of corticosteroids. In this study, the predominance of liquid chromatography methods for the analysis of corticosteroids from pharmaceutical products is evident for both liquid and semisolid dosage forms as well as for solids. The same can be said for topical, oral and parenteral formulations. Methods such as spectrophotometry are also used, but given the advantages of chromatographic methods such as better selectivity and sensitivity, they have become the choice for analysis of these drugs, however, most methods still do not meet the credentials of "green chemistry."
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Carla Esposito
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rudy Bonfilio
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Magali Benjamim de Araújo
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Slyundina MS, Borisov RS, Zaikin VG. Novel Reactive Matrices for the Analysis of Alcohols by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ioization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818140113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Calvano CD, Monopoli A, Cataldi TRI, Palmisano F. MALDI matrices for low molecular weight compounds: an endless story? Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4015-4038. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Slyundina MS, Polovkov NY, Borisov RS, Zaikin VG. Tryptamine: a Reactive Matrix for MALDI Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481713010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Rzagalinski I, Volmer DA. Quantification of low molecular weight compounds by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry - A tutorial review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:726-739. [PMID: 28012871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) permits label-free in situ analysis of chemical compounds directly from the surface of two-dimensional biological tissue slices. It links qualitative molecular information of compounds to their spatial coordinates and distribution within the investigated tissue. MALDI-MSI can also provide the quantitative amounts of target compounds in the tissue, if proper calibration techniques are performed. Obviously, as the target molecules are embedded within the biological tissue environment and analysis must be performed at their precise locations, there is no possibility for extensive sample clean-up routines or chromatographic separations as usually performed with homogenized biological materials; ion suppression phenomena therefore become a critical side effect of MALDI-MSI. Absolute quantification by MALDI-MSI should provide an accurate value of the concentration/amount of the compound of interest in relatively small, well-defined region of interest of the examined tissue, ideally in a single pixel. This goal is extremely challenging and will not only depend on the technical possibilities and limitations of the MSI instrument hardware, but equally on the chosen calibration/standardization strategy. These strategies are the main focus of this article and are discussed and contrasted in detail in this tutorial review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Rzagalinski
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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11
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Shigeri Y, Kamimura T, Ando M, Uegaki K, Sato H, Tani F, Arakawa R, Kinumi T. 2-Hydrazinoquinoline: a reactive matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to detect gaseous carbonyl compounds. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2016; 22:83-90. [PMID: 27419901 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity, range of applications, and reaction mechanism of 2-hydrazinoquinoline as a reactive matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were examined. Using a reaction chamber (125L) equipped with a stirring fan and a window for moving the MALDI-MS plate and volatile samples in and out, the sensitivities of 2-hydrazinoquinoline to gaseous aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and n-butyraldehyde) and ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone) were determined to be at least parts per million (ppm) levels. On the other hand, carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) and esters (ethyl acetate, pentyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and methyl salicylate) could not be detected by 2-hydrazinoquinoline in MALDI-MS. In addition to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, a common derivatization reagent for analyzing carbonyl compounds quantitatively in gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, the dissolution of 2-hydrazinoquinoline in an acidic solution, such as trifluoroacetic acid, was essential for its function as a reactive matrix for MALDI- MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shigeri
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kamimura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Ando
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Koichi Uegaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan. sato-
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan. arak@kansai- u.ac.jp
| | - Tomoya Kinumi
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
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Zaikin VG, Borisov RS, Polovkov NY, Slyundina MS. Reactive matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of primary amines. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:403-411. [PMID: 26307721 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Some aromatic carbonyl compounds [2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,4-DHBA), 2,5- dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), 2,3,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde] were examined as potential reactive matrices for the analysis of mono-, di-, and polyamines by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Although all the above compounds readily and quantitatively react with primary amines to form Schiff bases (the completeness of the reactions was proved by gas chromatography MS of derivatized aliphatic amines), only DHBA and DHAP provide efficient desorption/ionization under MALDI conditions. This means that two these aromatic carbonyl compounds can simultaneously exhibit properties of both derivatization agents and efficient matrices for MALDI-MS analysis. The use of such reactive matrices eliminates the need to perform additional derivatization experiments. With the aid of DHBA and DHAP, it was confirmed that each individual oligomer of polypropylene glycols and co- polyethylene/propylene glycols contained two terminal amino groups. To calculate the number of NH2 groups, mass increments of the introduced groups and a difference in the masses of cations attached to the initial and derivatized amines were used. The suggested approach, involving the application of the same reactive matrices, was applied to the determination of a number of NH(2) groups in individual oligomers of branched polyethyleneimines (PEIs) by MALDI-MS. In this case, DHAP appeared to be the best reactive matrix. The dependence of the number of NH(2) groups on the quantity of monomeric units and branching of each individual PEI oligomer is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Nikolai Yu Polovkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Mariya S Slyundina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Shigeri Y, Yasuda A, Sakai M, Ikeda S, Arakawa R, Sato H, Kinumi T. Hydrazide and hydrazine reagents as reactive matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to detect steroids with carbonyl groups. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:79-90. [PMID: 26181281 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-one reagents (37 hydrazides and 14 hydrazines) were examined to determine if they could function as reactive matrices for the detection of steroids with carbonyl groups in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Among these reagents, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide reacted most efficiently with steroids with carbonyl groups, allowing detection of them at the 1pmol level. Results from accurate mass measurement with a JMS-S3000 Spiral-TOF suggested that the ion peaks corresponding to the protonated fragment of a hydrazone were observed, in addition to the protonated molecular peaks of the resulting hydrazones ([M(D)+H](+)) and their sodium adduct ([M(D)+Na](+)). 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide also could detect cortisol (1.93ng) spiked in a human serum certified reference material, as well as cortisone and cortisol in a human saliva sample collected in the morning. Using a combination of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide and α- cyano-4-hydroxycinammic acid (CHCA) (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide:CHCA=4:1, v/v), even cortisone and cortisol in a human saliva sample collected in the afternoon, when levels are typically low, could be detected effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shigeri
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Akikazu Yasuda
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Sakai
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Shinya Ikeda
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan. arak@kansai- u.ac.jp
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Kinumi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
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Flinders B, Morrell J, Marshall PS, Ranshaw LE, Clench MR. The use of hydrazine-based derivatization reagents for improved sensitivity and detection of carbonyl containing compounds using MALDI-MSI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2085-94. [PMID: 25366974 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazine-based derivatization reagents have been used to detect the presence of the carbonyl containing glucocorticoid fluticasone proprionate in rat lung tissue by MALDI-MSI. Such reagents also act as a matrix for analysis by MALDI-MS and have been termed "reactive matrices". Cryosections of rat lung tissue (12 μm), spotted with a range of concentrations of fluticasone proprionate, were derivatized in situ with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and 4-dimethylamino-6-(4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-hydrazine (DMNTH) by the use of an acoustic reagent spotter. It has been demonstrated that DMNTH gave superior results compared to DNPH and that analysis of samples immediately after application of DMNTH resulted in the detection of the protonated hydrazone derivative ([MD + H](+)) of fluticasone propionate at a concentration of 500 ng/μL. It has been further shown that a prolonged reaction time (~48 h) improves the detection limit of the protonated hydrazone derivative to 50 ng/μL and that improvements in sensitivity and limits of detection are obtained when a conventional MALDI matrix CHCA is employed in conjunction with the DNPH/DMNTH reactive matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Flinders
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK,
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Teearu A, Vahur S, Haljasorg U, Leito I, Haljasorg T, Toom L. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid solution in MALDI-MS: ageing and use for mass calibration. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:970-979. [PMID: 25303386 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) is one of the most widely used and studied matrix compounds in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, the influence of ageing of the DHB solution on the MALDI mass spectra has not been yet systematically studied. In this work, the possible changes occurring in the acidified acetonitrile/water solution of the MALDI matrix compound DHB during 1-year usage period have been monitored with MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (MALDI-FT-ICR-MS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy. No significant ageing products have been detected. The ability of the aged DHB solution to act as a MALDI matrix was tested with two materials widely used in art and conservation - bone glue (a proteinaceous material) and shellac resin (a resinous material) - and good results were obtained. A number of peaks in the mass spectra measured from the DHB solution were identified, which can be used for internal calibration of the mass axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Teearu
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Shigeri Y, Ikeda S, Yasuda A, Ando M, Sato H, Kinumi T. Hydrazide and hydrazine reagents as reactive matrices for MALDI-MS to detect gaseous aldehydes. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:742-749. [PMID: 25044902 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The reagents 19 hydrazide and 14 hydrazine were examined to function as reactive matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to detect gaseous aldehydes. Among them, two hydrazide (2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide) and two hydrazine reagents [2-hydrazinoquinoline and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)] were found to react efficiently with carbonyl groups of gaseous aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde); these are the main factors for sick building syndrome and operate as reactive matrices for MALDI-MS. Results from accurate mass measurements by JMS-S3000 Spiral-TOF suggested that protonated ion peaks corresponding to [M + H](+) from the resulting derivatives were observed in all cases with the gaseous aldehydes in an incubation, time-dependent manner. The two hydrazide and two hydrazine reagents all possessed absorbances at 337 nm (wavelength of MALDI nitrogen laser), with, significant electrical conductivity of the matrix crystal and functional groups, such as hydroxy group and amino group, being important for desorption/ionization efficiency in MALDI-MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report that gaseous molecules could be derivatized and detected directly in a single step by MALDI-MS using novel reactive matrices that were derivatizing agents with the ability to enhance desorption/ionization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shigeri
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
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17
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Approaches for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds with laser desorption/ionization techniques and mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:49-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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A simple method to identify ether lipids in spermatozoa samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6675-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Rannulu NS, Cole RB. Novel fragmentation pathways of anionic adducts of steroids formed by electrospray anion attachment involving regioselective attachment, regiospecific decompositions, charge-induced pathways, and ion-dipole complex intermediates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1558-1568. [PMID: 22733166 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of several bifunctional neutral steroids, 5-α-pregnane diol (5-α-pregnane-3α-20βdiol), estradiol (3,17α-dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene), progesterone (4-pregnene-3,20-dione), lupeol (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupene), pregnenolone (5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one), and pregnenolone acetate (5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one acetate) was accomplished by negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employing adduct formation with various anions: fluoride, bicarbonate, acetate, and chloride. Fluoride yielded higher abundances of anionic adducts and more substantial abundances of deprotonated molecules compared with other investigated anions. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of precursor [M + anion](-) adducts of these steroids revealed that fluoride adduct [M + F](-) precursors first lose HF to produce [M - H](-) and then undergo consecutive decompositions to yield higher abundances of structurally-informative product ions than the other tested anions. In addition to charge-remote fragmentations, the majority of CID pathways of estradiol are deduced to occur via charge-induced fragmentation. Most interestingly, certain anions exhibit preferential attachment to a specific site on these bifunctional steroid molecules, which we are calling "regioselective anion attachment." Regioselective anion attachment is evidenced by subsequent regiospecific decomposition. Regioselective attachment of fluoride (and acetate) anions to low (and moderate) acidity functional groups of pregnenolone, respectively, is demonstrated using deuterated compounds. Moreover, the formation of unique intermediate ion-dipole complexes leading to novel fragmentation pathways of fluoride adducts of pregnenolone acetate, and bicarbonate adducts of d(4)-pregnenolone, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalaka S Rannulu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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20
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Fast-liquid chromatography using columns of different internal diameters packed with sub-2?m silica particles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Himmelsbach M. 10 years of MS instrumental developments--impact on LC-MS/MS in clinical chemistry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 883-884:3-17. [PMID: 22177236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful and indispensable analytical tool that is widely applied in many areas of chemistry, medicine, pharmaceutics and biochemistry. In this review recent MS instrumental developments are presented as part of a special issue covering various aspects of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clinical chemistry. Improvements, new inventions as well as new combinations in ion source technology are described focusing on dual or multimode sources and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Increasing demands regarding sensitivity, accuracy, resolution and both quantitation and identification guarantee on-going improvements in mass analyzer technology. This paper discusses new hybrid MS instruments that can perform novel scan modes as well as high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS) that finally seem to be able to overcome, or at least significantly reduce, their weaknesses in quantitative applications. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMMS) itself is not an invention of the last 10 years, but a lot of progress was made within the last decade that reveals the potential benefits of this combination. This is clearly reflected by the increased number of commercially available instruments and the various designs of IMMS are covered in detail in this review. Selected applications for all these instrumental developments are given focusing on the perspective of clinical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
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22
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Bollineni RC, Hoffmann R, Fedorova M. Identification of protein carbonylation sites by two-dimensional liquid chromatography in combination with MALDI- and ESI-MS. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2338-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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van Kampen JJA, Burgers PC, de Groot R, Gruters RA, Luider TM. Biomedical application of MALDI mass spectrometry for small-molecule analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:101-120. [PMID: 20169623 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging analytical tool for the analysis of molecules with molar masses below 1,000 Da; that is, small molecules. This technique offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, low sample consumption, a relative high tolerance towards salts and buffers, and the possibility to store sample on the target plate. The successful application of the technique is, however, hampered by low molecular weight (LMW) matrix-derived interference signals and by poor reproducibility of signal intensities during quantitative analyses. In this review, we focus on the biomedical application of MALDI-MS for the analysis of small molecules and discuss its favorable properties and its challenges as well as strategies to improve the performance of the technique. Furthermore, practical aspects and applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J A van Kampen
- Laboratories of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Galesio M, Rial-Otero R, Capelo-Martínez JL. Comparative study of matrices for their use in the rapid screening of anabolic steroids by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1783-1791. [PMID: 19444857 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
New data on sample preparation and matrix selection for the fast screening of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is presented. The rapid screening of 15 steroids included in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list using MALDI was evaluated. Nine organic and two inorganic matrices were assessed in order to determine the best matrix for steroid identification in terms of ionisation yield and interference by characteristic matrix ions. The best results were achieved for the organic matrices 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) and trans-3-indoleacrylic acid (IAA). Good signals for all the steroids studied were obtained for concentrations as low as 0.010 and 0.050 microg/mL on the MALDI sample plate for the HABA and IAA matrices, respectively. For these two matrices, the sensitivity achieved by MALDI is comparable with the sensitivity achieved by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which is the conventional technique used for AAS detection. Furthermore, the accuracy and precision obtained with MALDI are very good, since an internal mass calibration is performed with the matrix ions. For the inorganic matrices, laser fluences higher than those used with organic matrices are required to obtain good MALDI signals. When inorganic matrices were used in combination with glycerol as a dispersing agent, an important reduction of the background noise was observed. Urine samples spiked with the study compounds were processed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the screening was consistently positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galesio
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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25
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Mugo SM, Bottaro CS. Rapid analysis of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using 9-(3,4-diaminophenyl)acridine (DAA) as a reactive matrix. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1087-1093. [PMID: 18335466 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective method has been developed for the analysis of alpha-dicarbonyls using a readily ionizable compound, 9-(3,4-diaminophenyl)acridine (DAA), as a reactive matrix (derivatizing agent and ionization efficiency enhancer), by reactive matrix laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RM-LDI-TOF MS). The reaction between the DAA and alpha-dicarbonyls resulted exclusively in formation of vacuum-stable dicarbonyl-quinoxaline acridine derivatives that were found to possess excellent ionization efficiency in positive ion mode, without the need to use an additional matrix. The alpha-dicarbonyls used as test compounds included methylglyoxal, dimethylglyoxal, and diphenylglyoxal. Both one-pot and rapid on-plate chemical modification approaches were employed with no extraction or purification necessary. The approach is particularly suitable for high-throughput analysis. The method was found to be selective and specific, with alpha-dicarbonyls unequivocally identified, even in complex matrices, e.g. beer. The figures of merit: relative standard deviation (RSD) 6.9-17%, (n = 4); limit of detection (LOD) < or =0.3 ng mL(-1) for the three standards tested using the one-pot derivatization method; and a good linear calibration curve using an internal standard derivatized in situ (R(2) > or = 0.979), demonstrate the applicability of the technique and its utility in improving the sensitivity and precision of the LDI analysis of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Mugo
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
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26
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Wu W, Qiao C, Liang Z, Xu H, Zhao Z, Cai Z. Alkaloid profiling in crude and processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:430-6. [PMID: 17706394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Direct analysis of alkaloids in the tissues of crude and processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds by MALDI-TOFMS was described. The alkaloid profiles of the herb drugs were obtained without the need of complicated sample preparation to avoid potential damage or change of the active components. Seed tissues that were optimally sliced to a thickness of 10-20 microm from the crude and processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds as well as various parts of tissue such as endosperm and epidermis were analyzed on MALDI target plate after the matrix was directly applied onto the tissue surface. The obtained alkaloid profiles provided valuable information for the differentiation of crude and processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds and for the explanation of the significantly different toxicity. Experimental results indicated that the direct MALDI-TOFMS analysis allowed rapid screening of the alkaloid components in Strychnos nux-vomica seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Mugo SM, Bottaro CS. Rapid on-plate and one-pot derivatization of carbonyl compounds for enhanced detection by reactive matrix LDI-TOF MS using the tailor-made reactive matrix, 4-dimethylamino-6-(4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-hydrazine (DMNTH). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:206-17. [PMID: 17154435 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a very sensitive and economical high-throughput methodology has been developed for the analysis of small carbonyl compounds using rapid derivatization with 4-dimethylamino-6-(4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-hydrazine (DMNTH), a derivatizing agent developed by the Karst group at the University of Münster. DMNTH is highly ionizable by the UV laser and reacts selectively and rapidly with carbonyl moieties. The resulting hydrazone is easily detectable by laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS), eliminating the need for the matrix assisted variant (MALDI) and the associated issue of matrix optimization, which greatly simplifies the analysis. It has been demonstrated that a range of carbonyl compounds can be conveniently analyzed by this reactive matrix LDI-TOF MS (RM-LDI-TOF MS) procedure and that furfural DMNThydrazone (prior labeled and labeled in situ) can be used as an internal standard for semiquantitative analysis. Amounts as low as 0.5 ng ml(-1) of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde have been detected using a one-pot derivatization methodology. Rapid on-plate derivatization was also found to be a simple approach for fast and reliable screening of various analytes, although with slightly higher detection limits. To test its applicability in complex matrices, analysis of furfural spiked in beer has been demonstrated. This RM-LDI-TOF MS method shows considerable promise for the analysis of carbonyl compounds in water, particularly for disinfection by-products that result from reaction of natural organic matter with oxidative disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Mugo
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
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28
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Wu W, Liang Z, Zhao Z, Cai Z. Direct analysis of alkaloid profiling in plant tissue by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:58-69. [PMID: 17149797 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for the direct determination of alkaloid profiling in plant tissues by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was developed. The alkaloid profiles of the herbs were obtained without the need for complicated sample preparation. Experimental results demonstrated that the direct MALDI-TOFMS analysis allowed rapid and reliable characterization of the components in plant tissues. Four commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs were studied, including Aconitum Carmichaeli Debx. (Fuzi in Chinese) and Processed Fuzi, for herb differentiation and explanation of the significant difference in their toxicities. The direct analysis method proved valuable for the preliminary study of plant component profiles. The rapid collection of information from the direct analysis on plant tissues could be valuable for supporting the discovery of new compounds and for the quality control of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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29
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Yoo C, Zhao J, Pal M, Hersberger K, Huber CG, Simeone DM, Beer DG, Lubman DM. Automated integration of monolith-based protein separation with on-plate digestion for mass spectrometric analysis of esophageal adenocarcinoma human epithelial samples. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3643-51. [PMID: 16927349 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A unique approach of automating the integration of monolithic capillary HPLC-based protein separation and on-plate digestion for subsequent MALDI-MS analysis has been developed. All liquid-handling procedures were performed using a robotic module. This automated high-throughput method minimizes the amount of time and extensive labor required for traditional in-solution digestion followed by exhaustive sample cleanup and analysis. Also, precise positioning of the droplet from the capillary HPLC separation onto the MALDI plate allows for preconcentration effects of analytes for improved sensitivity. Proteins from primary esophageal Barrett's adenocarcinoma tissue were prefractionated by chromatofocusing and analyzed successfully by this automated configuration, obtaining rapid protein identifications through PMF and sequencing analyses with high sequence coverage. Additionally, intact protein molecular weight values were obtained as a means to further confirm protein identification and also to identify potential sequence modifications of proteins. This simple and rapid method is a highly versatile and robust approach for the analysis of complex proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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30
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McCombie G, Knochenmuss R. Small-molecule MALDI using the matrix suppression effect to reduce or eliminate matrix background interferences. Anal Chem 2006; 76:4990-7. [PMID: 15373433 DOI: 10.1021/ac049581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The matrix suppression effect (MSE) can lead to high-quality MALDI mass spectra: strong analyte signals and weak or negligible matrix background peaks. Experiment and theory suggest that MSE should be widespread and, therefore, generally applicable to measurement of low molecular weight (LMW) substances. These are otherwise impractical with MALDI due to interference from matrix. Appropriate conditions for MSE were investigated and tested on a variety of LMW substances. Straightforward and semiautomated interpretation was possible for 87.7% of these. Another 3.5% gave poor MSE due to sodium cationization rather than protonation of the analyte, but interpretation was possible. MALDI imaging shows that MSE varies significantly across a typical sample. Selective data accumulation could further increase the utility of the method. Samples containing more than one analyte were also studied. Analyte-analyte suppression was not found to be excessive, and moderately abundant minority species can be adequately detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor McCombie
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, WSJ-503.11.04, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Creaser CS, Green PS, Kilby PM, Ratcliffe L. Capillary liquid chromatography/atmospheric-pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry: a comparison with liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight for the identification of tryptic peptides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:829-36. [PMID: 16470569 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric-pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap (AP-MALDI-QIT) analysis of tryptic peptides is reported following capillary liquid chromatographic (LC) separation and direct analysis of a protein digest. Peptide fragments were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting from mass spectrometric data and sequence analysis obtained by tandem mass spectrometry of the principal mass spectral peaks using a data-dependent scanning protocol. These data were compared with those from mass spectrometric analysis using capillary LC/MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) and capillary LC/electrospray ionisation (ESI)-quadrupole TOF. For all three configurations the resulting data were searched against the MSDB database, using MASCOT and the sequence coverage compared for each technique. Complementary data were obtained using the three techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Creaser
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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32
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Fenaille F, Tabet JC, Guy PA. Identification of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified peptides within unfractionated digests using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:867-73. [PMID: 14961714 DOI: 10.1021/ac0303822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is generated as a consequence of oxidative stress and can readily react with nucleophilic sites of proteins (e.g., histidine residues), mainly via a Michael addition. The formation of such lipid-protein conjugates can alter protein properties and biological functions, thus leading to highly deleterious effects. The present work describes a rapid (very limited sample preparation) and sensitive (low-femtomole range) procedure to identify HNE-modified peptides (Michael adducts) within unfractionated tryptic digests. The protocol involves the formation of dinitrophenylhydrazones of the Michael adducts, when using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine as reactive matrix, followed by analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The hydrazone derivatives present high desorption/ionization yield and can thus be preferentially detected compared to unmodified peptides. The MALDI mass spectrum obtained is therefore drastically different from the one obtained with the classical 4-hydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid matrix. Moreover, the presence of HNE, or more generally speaking carbonylated peptides, could be highlighted by 180 mass units differences (corresponding to the dinitrophenylhydrazone moiety) between these two MALDI mass spectra. Further information (e.g., localization/identification of the modified residues, peptide sequences) could be obtained by performing MALDI postsource decay (or electrospray) MS/MS experiments on the ions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Fenaille
- Department of Quality and Safety Assurance, Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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33
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Abstract
The development during the last 15 years and the state-of-the-art in the analysis of bulk steroid hormone drugs and hormone-like structures and pharmaceutical formulations made thereof are summarized. Other steroids (sterols, bile acids, cardiac glycosides, vitamins D) as well as biological-clinical aspects and pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies are excluded from this review. The state-of-the-art is summarized based on comparisons of monographs in the latest editions of the European Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. This is followed by sections dealing with new developments in the methodology for the fields of spectroscopic and spectrophotometric, chromatographic, electrophoretic and hyphenated techniques as well electroanalytical methods. The review is terminated by two problem-oriented sections: examples on impurity and degradation profiling as well as enantiomeric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Görög
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., POB 27, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary.
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34
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Owen SJ, Meier FS, Brombacher S, Volmer DA. Increasing sensitivity and decreasing spot size using an inexpensive, removable hydrophobic coating for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation plates. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:2439-2449. [PMID: 14587091 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spot size reduction and increased detection sensitivity in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) of small molecules are accomplished by using an inexpensive and removable hydrophobic coating for MALDI targets, based on 3M Scotch Gard surface treatment. Several variations in sample preparation were explored, such as surface coating technique, identity of the matrix, solvent composition, and the type of metal support plate used. These were investigated on both uncoated and coated surfaces and their impact on spot size, crystal coverage, and sensitivity is presented here. Additionally, crystallisation behaviour obtained on coated plates is compared with that on uncoated plates using scanning electron microscope analysis. To demonstrate the potential of the new coating technique, erythromycin A and valinomycin are studied to determine the increase in detection sensitivity of coated plates in comparison to uncoated plates, and to reveal the suitability of the plates for application in combined high-performance liquid chromatography/MALDI (HPLC/MALDI), where widely varying solvent compositions and droplet volumes are observed. It is shown that enhancements in detection sensitivities correlate very well with the achieved spot size reduction. The versatility of the coated plates is also exhibited by the ease of removing the surface layer, after which the plates can be rigorously cleaned without worry about damaging the hydrophobic surface, followed by a quick reapplication of new hydrophobic coating material. This makes the non-polar coating superior to more expensive commercial hydrophobic-coated targets, which are much more delicate to clean. Furthermore, cleaning and reapplication eliminate potential carry-over effects and the easy application procedure also makes the fabrication of inexpensive, disposable MALDI targets readily possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Owen
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada
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