1
|
Ducrocq T, Merel S, Miège C. Review on analytical methods and occurrence of organic contaminants in continental water sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143275. [PMID: 39277038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Various industries produce a myriad of synthetic molecules used to satisfy our needs, but all these molecules are likely to reach aquatic environments. The number of organic contaminants found in rivers and lakes continues to rise, and part of this contamination gets transferred into sediments. Analytical methods to detect problematic substances in the environment often use mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography. Here we reviewed a set of 163 articles and compiled the relevant information into a comprehensive database for analysing organic contaminants in continental sediments including suspended particulate matter and surface and bottom sediments in lakes, rivers and estuaries. We found 1204 compounds detected at least once in sediments, and classified them into 11 categories, i.e. hydrocarbons, flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), plasticizers, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organochlorines (OCP) and other pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products (PCP), and other contaminants. Concentrations of these compounds varied from a few ng to several mg/kg of dry sediment. Even hydrophilic compounds were detected in high concentrations. Well-known hydrophobic and persistent contaminants tend to be analysed with mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS) whereas contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are usually analysed with liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Suspect screening and non-target analysis (NTA), which use high-resolution mass spectrometry, are still scarcely used on sediment but hold promise for gaining deeper knowledge of organic contamination in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ducrocq
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Merel
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Miège
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Newmeyer MN, Lyu Q, Sobus JR, Williams AJ, Nachman KE, Prasse C. Combining Nontargeted Analysis with Computer-Based Hazard Comparison Approaches to Support Prioritization of Unregulated Organic Contaminants in Biosolids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12135-12146. [PMID: 38916220 PMCID: PMC11381038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Biosolids are a byproduct of wastewater treatment that can be beneficially applied to agricultural land as a fertilizer. While U.S. regulations limit metals and pathogens in biosolids intended for land applications, no organic contaminants are currently regulated. Novel techniques can aid in detection, evaluation, and prioritization of biosolid-associated organic contaminants (BOCs). For example, nontargeted analysis (NTA) can detect a broad range of chemicals, producing data sets representing thousands of measured analytes that can be combined with computational toxicological tools to support human and ecological hazard assessment and prioritization. We combined NTA with a computer-based tool from the U.S. EPA, the Cheminformatics Hazard Comparison Module (HCM), to identify and prioritize BOCs present in U.S. and Canadian biosolids (n = 16). Four-hundred fifty-one features were detected in at least 80% of samples, with identities of 92 compounds confirmed or assigned probable structures. These compounds were primarily categorized as endogenous compounds, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and fragrances. Examples of top prioritized compounds were p-cresol and chlorophene, based on human health end points, and fludioxonil and triclocarban, based on ecological health end points. Combining NTA results with hazard comparison data allowed us to prioritize compounds to be included in future studies of the environmental fate and transport of BOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Newmeyer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Qinfan Lyu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jon R Sobus
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Antony J Williams
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mesa-Ramos L, Palacios OA, Adame-Gallegos JR, Chávez-Flores D, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Assessing antibiotic residues in sediments from mangrove ecosystems: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116512. [PMID: 38810504 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics' widespread and abusive use in aquaculture and livestock leads to extensive environmental dissemination and dispersion, consequently increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in marine ecosystems. Hence, there is an increased need for efficient methods for identifying and quantifying antibiotic residues in soils and sediments. From a review of the last 20 years, we propose and compare different chromatographic techniques for detecting and quantifying antibiotics in sediment samples from marine ecosystems, particularly in mangrove forest sediments. The methods typically include three stages: extraction of antibiotics from the solid matrix, cleaning, and concentration of samples before quantification. We address the leading causes of the occurrence of antibiotics in marine ecosystem sediments and analyze the most appropriate methods for each analytical stage. Ultimately, selecting a method for identifying antibiotic residues depends on multiple factors, ranging from the nature and physicochemical properties of the analytes to the availability of the necessary equipment and the available resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liber Mesa-Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Oskar A Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Jaime Raúl Adame-Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boti V, Martinaiou P, Gkountouras D, Albanis T. Target and suspect screening approaches for the identification of emerging and other contaminants in fish feeds using high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118739. [PMID: 38503377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Fish feed is essential in aquaculture fish production because, along with beneficial nutrients and components, many suspected compounds can be transferred to fish and ultimately to humans. In this context, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to monitor various pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds in aquaculture fish feed through target analysis and many other groups of chemicals via suspect screening approaches. In this study, the QuEChERS extraction method was optimized, validated, and applied to fifty-four fish feed samples collected from different production batches. This was followed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-HR-IT/Orbitrap-MS) for targeted and suspect screening purposes. In general, pesticides provided satisfactory recoveries (70-105.5 %), with quantification limits lower than 5 ng g-1, whereas pharmaceuticals displayed recoveries ranging from 70.5 to 120.2 %, with quantification limits below 25 ng g-1. In addition, the matrix effects and measurement uncertainty were assessed to provide more accurate and high-confidence results. Pirimiphos-methyl was detected and quantified in 20 of 54 fish feed samples (37 %) at concentrations <77 ng g-1. Finally, suspect screening revealed the occurrence of 10 mycotoxins (e.g., citrinin, aflatoxin G2, zearalenone, and alternariol), two pesticides excluding the target pesticides (tebuconazole and fenazaquin), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in almost 2 % of the samples, and ethoxyquin (antioxidant), with 12 of its Transformation Products (TPs). Finally, suspect analysis incorporated in routine analyses have proven to have great potential for complete monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| | | | | | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Braun G, Krauss M, Spahr S, Escher BI. Handling of problematic ion chromatograms with the Automated Target Screening (ATS) workflow for unsupervised analysis of high-resolution mass spectrometry data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2983-2993. [PMID: 38556595 PMCID: PMC11045623 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a versatile analytical method for the analysis of thousands of chemical pollutants that can be found in environmental and biological samples. While the tools for handling such complex datasets have improved, there are still no fully automated workflows for targeted screening analysis. Here we present an R-based workflow that is able to cope with challenging data like noisy ion chromatograms, retention time shifts, and multiple peak patterns. The workflow can be applied to batches of HRMS data recorded after GC with electron ionization (GC-EI) and LC coupled to electrospray ionization in both negative and positive mode (LC-ESIneg/LC-ESIpos) to perform peak annotation and quantitation fully unsupervised. We used Orbitrap HRMS data of surface water extracts to compare the Automated Target Screening (ATS) workflow with data evaluations performed with the vendor software TraceFinder and the established semi-automated analysis workflow in the MZmine software. The ATS approach increased the overall evaluation performance of the peak annotation compared to the established MZmine module without the need for any post-hoc corrections. The overall accuracy increased from 0.80 to 0.86 (LC-ESIpos), from 0.77 to 0.83 (LC-ESIneg), and from 0.67 to 0.76 (GC-EI). The mean average percentage errors for quantification of ATS were around 30% compared to the manual quantification with TraceFinder. The ATS workflow enables time-efficient analysis of GC- and LC-HRMS data and accelerates and improves the applicability of target screening in studies with a large number of analytes and sample sizes without the need for manual intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Braun
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Spahr
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Montemurro N, Manasfi R, Chiron S, Perez S. Evaluation of different QuEChERS-based methods for the extraction of 48 wastewater-derived organic contaminants from soil and lettuce root using high-resolution LC-QTOF with MRM HR and SWATH acquisition modes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20258-20276. [PMID: 38372911 PMCID: PMC10927905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is an important route of introducing a large number of organic contaminants into the agroecosystem. In this study, a modified QuEChERS-based approach was developed for rapid, simple, and simultaneous extraction of 48 organic wastewater-derived contaminants from soil and lettuce root. Twenty-two different (modification) scenarios of the known (or original) QuEChERS method have been tested, in order to obtain best and well-compromised recoveries for all target compounds for soil and roots. Finally, a common method was chosen for both matrices consisting of a single extraction step using EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer and the unbuffered Original QuEChERS salts. Method performance was accomplished by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry on a QToF-MS system using two different acquisition modes, the ultra-fast high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode and the innovative Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion (SWATH) mode. Performance characterization was evaluated in terms of recovery, linearity, intra-day precision, method detection limits (MDLs), method quantification limits (MQLs), and matrix effect (ME). Recoveries in MRMHR mode ranged from 63 to 111% and 54 to 104% for lettuce root and soil, respectively, for most of compounds in MRMHR mode and from 56 to 121% and 54 to 104% for lettuce root and soil, respectively, for most of compounds in SWATH. Whereas, MQLs ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 ng g-1 in MRMHR and from 0.03 to 82 ng g-1 in SWATH for lettuce root, and from 0.02 to 0.44 ng g-1 in MRMHR and 0.02 to 0.14 ng g-1 in SWATH for soil. The method was then applied to follow the target compounds in soil and lettuce root, where the system lettuce-soil was irrigated with treated wastewater under real greenhouse conditions. Five and 17 compounds were detected in lettuce root and soil, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rayana Manasfi
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University of Montpellier, Building 39 - CC57 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University of Montpellier, Building 39 - CC57 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Perez
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eshawu AB, Ghalsasi VV. Metabolomics of natural samples: A tutorial review on the latest technologies. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300588. [PMID: 37942863 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of metabolites present in a living system. It is a rapidly growing field aimed at discovering novel compounds, studying biological processes, diagnosing diseases, and ensuring the quality of food products. Recently, the analysis of natural samples has become important to explore novel bioactive compounds and to study how environment and genetics affect living systems. Various metabolomics techniques, databases, and data analysis tools are available for natural sample metabolomics. However, choosing the right method can be a daunting exercise because natural samples are heterogeneous and require untargeted approaches. This tutorial review aims to compile the latest technologies to guide an early-career scientist on natural sample metabolomics. First, different extraction methods and their pros and cons are reviewed. Second, currently available metabolomics databases and data analysis tools are summarized. Next, recent research on metabolomics of milk, honey, and microbial samples is reviewed. Finally, after reviewing the latest trends in technologies, a checklist is presented to guide an early-career researcher on how to design a metabolomics project. In conclusion, this review is a comprehensive resource for a researcher planning to conduct their first metabolomics analysis. It is also useful for experienced researchers to update themselves on the latest trends in metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baba Eshawu
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Vihang Vivek Ghalsasi
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen TTN, Baduel C. Optimization and validation of an extraction method for the analysis of multi-class emerging contaminants in soil and sediment. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464287. [PMID: 37797419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods for the determination of multi-class emerging contaminants are limited for soil and sediment while they are essential to provide a more complete picture of their distribution in the environment and to understand their fate in different environmental compartments. In this paper, we present the development and optimization of an analytical strategy that combines reliable extraction, purification and the analysis using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) of 90 emerging organic contaminants including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and plasticizers in soil and sediment. To extract a wide range of chemicals, the extraction strategy is based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. A number of different options were investigated (buffer, acidification, addition of EDTA, different types and combinations of dispersive SPE etc.) and the effectiveness of the chemical extraction procedure and the clean-up was assessed for two matrices: soil (organic matter content of 9%) and sediment (organic matter content of 1.9%). The method was fully validated for both matrices, in terms of accuracy, linearity, repeatability (intra-day), reproducibility (inter-day), method limits of detection and quantification (LODs and MLOQs, respectively). The final performance showed good accuracy and precision (mean recoveries were between 70 and 120% with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 20% in most cases), low matrix effects, good linearity for the matrix-matched calibration curve (R2≥0.991) and MLOQs ranged from 0.25 and 10 µg/kg. To demonstrate the applicability and suitability of the validated method, soil and sediment samples from Vietnam, France, Sweden and Mexico were analyzed. The results showed that of the 90 target compounds, a total of 33 were quantified in the sediment and soil samples analyzed. In addition to multi-target analysis, this strategy could be suitable for non-target screening, to provide a more comprehensive view of the contaminants present in the samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet T N Nguyen
- IRD, CNRS, IGE, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France.
| | - Christine Baduel
- IRD, CNRS, IGE, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kingsbury MV, Hamoutene D, Kraska P, Lacoursière-Roussel A, Page F, Coyle T, Sutherland T, Gibb O, Mckindsey CW, Hartog F, Neil S, Chernoff K, Wong D, Law BA, Brager L, Baillie SM, Black M, Bungay T, Gaspard D, Hua K, Parsons GJ. Relationship between in feed drugs, antibiotics and organic enrichment in marine sediments at Canadian Atlantic salmon aquaculture sites. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114654. [PMID: 36736258 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of in-feed anti-sea lice drugs and their relationship with organic enrichment is poorly understood in sediment surrounding salmon farms. Using data from an aquaculture monitoring program (2018-2020), we describe this relationship at ten sites in four Canadian provinces. Three anti-sea lice pesticides (lufenuron, teflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and metabolite desmethyl emamectin benzoate), and one antibiotic (oxytetracycline) were detected. Concentrations were often below limits of quantification. Values are also lower than those reported in other aquaculture salmon-producing countries. Highest concentrations, along with organic enrichment, were observed ~200 m of cages with lower concentrations detected up to 1.5 km away. Most samples had at least two drugs present: 75.2 % (British Columbia), 91.4 % (Newfoundland), and 54.8 % (New Brunswick/Nova Scotia) highlighting the potential for cumulative effects. Emamectin benzoate and oxytetracycline were detected four and three years respectively after last known treatments, demonstrating the need for research on overall persistence of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Kingsbury
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - D Hamoutene
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada.
| | - P Kraska
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - A Lacoursière-Roussel
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - F Page
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - T Coyle
- Pacific Enterprise Science Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - T Sutherland
- Pacific Enterprise Science Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - O Gibb
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, NL A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - C W Mckindsey
- Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, QC G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - F Hartog
- Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, QC G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - S Neil
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - K Chernoff
- Pacific Enterprise Science Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - D Wong
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - B A Law
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - L Brager
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - S M Baillie
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - M Black
- St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - T Bungay
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, NL A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - D Gaspard
- Pacific Enterprise Science Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - K Hua
- Aquaculture, Biotechnology and Aquatic Animal Health Science Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - G J Parsons
- Aquaculture, Biotechnology and Aquatic Animal Health Science Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miserli K, Kosma C, Konstantinou I. Determination of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in sludge and hydrochar after hydrothermal carbonization using sonication-QuEChERS extraction method and UHPLC LTQ/Orbitrap MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1686-1703. [PMID: 35922598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are an important group of emerging contaminants that are released continuously in the environment from wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs). They can produce biological effects even though at very low concentrations. Conventional WWTPs are not able to remove or degrade completely emerging pollutants resulting in the presence of PhACs in sewage sludge after wastewater treatment. PhACs are found in sludge at low ppb-ppt levels, and their analysis and detection is a difficult task due to the complexity of sewage sludge matrices. Hydrothermal carbonization is currently being proposed as a suitable conversion technology for sewage sludge management to recover valuable products and to be used for soil amendment. In this work, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based methodology with a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS), operated in positive ionization mode, was adopted to investigate 33 multiclass pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge and in hydrochar produced after hydrothermal carbonization. The analytical method was first optimized studying various extraction parameters and finally validated in terms of linearity, recovery, intra and inter-day precisions, expanded uncertainty (%U)/Horrat ratio at three spiking levels, matrix-effects (ME), process efficiency (PE), and limits of detection and quantification. The developed methodology fulfilled all analytical requirements and was finally applied to sludge samples from the WWTP of Ioannina city where a group of antibiotics was detected at concentrations up to 15 ng g-1 and psychiatric drugs such as amisulpride, clozapine, and citalopram were detected at higher concentration levels up to 205, 87.4 and 63.2 ng g-1, respectively. The method was also applied to hydrothermally treated sludge sample under different reaction conditions. Most of the antibiotic compounds were not detected, and several psychiatric drugs such as mirtazapine, bupropion, valsartan, diazepam, and caffeine were found at concentrations below the LOQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Miserli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Godfrey AR, Dunscombe J, Gravell A, Hunter A, Barrow MP, van Keulen G, Desbrow C, Townsend R. Use of QuEChERS as a manual and automated high-throughput protocol for investigating environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136313. [PMID: 36067814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has strong links to adverse human health outcomes with risks of pollution through production, use, ineffective wastewater (WW) remediation, and/or leachate from landfill. 'Fit-for-purpose' monitoring approaches are critical for better pollution control and mitigation of harm, with current sample preparation methods for complex environmental matrices typically time-consuming and labour intensive, unsuitable for high-throughput screening. This study has shown that a modified 'Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe' (QuEChERS) sample preparation is a viable alternative for selected environmental matrices required for pollution monitoring (e.g. WW effluent, treated sludge cake and homogenised biota tissue). As a manual approach, reduced extraction times (hours to ∼20 min/sample) with largely reproducible (albeit lower) recoveries of a range of pharmaceuticals and biocidal surfactants have been reported. Its application has shown clear differentiation of matrices via chemometrics, and the measurement of pollutants of interest to the UK WW industry at concentrations significantly above suggested instrument detection limits (IDL) for sludge, indicating insufficient removal and/or bioaccumulation during WW treatment. Furthermore, new pollutant candidates of emerging concern were identified - these included detergents, polymers and pharmaceuticals, with quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) biocides observed at 2.3-70.4 mg/kg, and above levels associated with priority substances for environmental quality regulation (EQSD). Finally, the QuEChERS protocol was adapted to function as a fully automated workflow, further reducing the resource to complete both the preparation and analysis to <40 min. This operated with improved recovery for soil and biota (>62%), and when applied to a largely un-investigated clay matrix, acceptable recovery (88.0-131.1%) and precision (≤10.3% RSD) for the tested pharmaceuticals and biocides was maintained. Therefore, this preliminary study has shown the successful application of a high-throughput QuEChERS protocol across a range of environmental solids for potential deployment in a regulated laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ruth Godfrey
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | | | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales Analytical Services, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann Hunter
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Claire Desbrow
- Biotage GB Limited, Dyffryn Business Park, Hengoed, CF82 7TS, UK
| | - Rachel Townsend
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vaudreuil MA, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Sauvé S. Pharmaceutical pollution of hospital effluents and municipal wastewaters of Eastern Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157353. [PMID: 35842153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of drugs residues in wastewaters of different sources could help better understand contamination pathways, eventually leading to effluent regulation. However, limited data are available for hospital-derived wastewaters. Here, an analytical method based on automated on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE - UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of multi-class pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Filtrate phase and suspended solids (SPM) were both considered to evaluate the distribution of targeted analytes. Experimental design optimization involved testing different chromatographic columns, on-line SPE columns, and loading conditions for the filtrate phase, and different organic solvents and cleanup strategies for suspended solids. The selected methods were validated with suitable limits of detection, recovery, accuracy, and precision. A total of 30 hospital effluents and 6 wastewater treatment plants were sampled to evaluate concentrations in real field-collected samples. Certain pharmaceuticals were quantified at high levels such as caffeine at 670,000 ng/L in hospital wastewaters and hydroxyibuprofen at 49,000 ng/L in WWTP influents. SPM samples also had high contaminant concentrations such as ibuprofen at 31,000 ng/g in hospital effluents, fluoxetine at 529 ng/g in WWTP influents or clarithromycin at 295 ng/g in WWTP effluents. Distribution coefficients (Kd) and particle-associated fractions (Φ) indicate that pharmaceuticals tend to have better affinity to suspended solids in hospital wastewater than in municipal wastewaters. The results also bring arguments for at source treatment of these specific effluents before their introduction into urban wastewater systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva C, Cachada A, Gonçalves FJM, Nannou C, Lambropoulou D, Patinha C, Abrantes N, Pereira JL. Chemical characterization of riverine sediments affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156305. [PMID: 35636541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the contribution of wastewater treatment effluents to the contamination profile of the sediments of receiving waterways. Three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were addressed, encompassing different population equivalent sizes, urbanization degrees and treatment methods translating differences in expected contamination patterns. Within each WWTP system, the assessment targeted the effluent and sediment samples collected upstream and downstream the effluent discharge point; contaminants belonging to several concerning chemical classes (metals and metalloids; pesticides; pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) were quantified both in effluent and sediment samples. Clear associations between contaminants present in the effluent and corresponding sediment samples were not always verified. In fact, a noticeable difference between the number or abundance of contaminants detected in effluents and in sediments, suggesting that effluents are not always the most likely source (e.g. PAHs). However, sediment contaminants that were likely sourced by the effluents were also identified (e.g. PPCPs). Sediment analysis offers an important historical view of contamination, especially in flowing recipient ecosystems where any characterization over the water matrix is ephemeral and linking exclusively to the moment of sampling. Hence, sediments should be considered for the establishment of WWTP operational benchmarks regulating the emission of contaminants, which is currently focused mostly on effluent composition thus potentially over/underestimating the longer-term impact of effluent discharge in the recipient waterways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cachada
- CIIMAR-UP, Novo Edifício Do Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Monitoring of a Broad Set of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewaters by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Evaluation of Heterogenous Catalytic Ozonation for Their Removal in a Pre-Industrial Level Unit. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) occurring in wastewater effluents, such as pharmaceutically active substances (PhACs) and personal care products, pose a big research challenge since they can be a major source of pollution for water bodies and a danger to public health. The objective of this work was to perform a comprehensive monitoring of a broad set of PhACs (>130) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) close to Thessaloniki (Greece), as well as to evaluate the potential of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for the removal of CECs from wastewater through a continuous flow system. The high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed the highest average concentrations for irbesartan (1817 ng/L). Antihypertensives along with antibiotics, psychiatrics, and β-blockers were found to aggravate the effluents. Removal efficiency after conventional treatment was >30%. The results from catalytic ozonation unit operation indicate that the introduction of a proper solid material that acts as catalyst can enhance the removal of CECs. A preliminary risk assessment using the risk quotient (RQ) revealed that irbesartan and telmisartan entail high acute risk. The overall results underline the urgent need to incessantly monitor PhACs and expand the toxicological studies to establish the sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kalogeropoulou AG, Kosma CI, Albanis TA. Simultaneous determination of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in fish tissue by QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC Q/Orbitrap MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7129-7140. [PMID: 34599396 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence, fate, and adverse effects of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic organisms have become a noteworthy issue. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive multiresidue analytical method was developed for the determination of 18 parent PhACs and 5 metabolites in sea bream (Sparus aurata), by combining a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) procedure with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). The method development involved optimization of extraction solvent, extraction salts, clean-up sorbents, and amount of sample evaluation, while identification on Orbitrap MS was based on accurate mass and further confirmation with MS/MS fragmentation. The developed method was validated, and linearity was higher than 0.99. Recoveries in all cases ranged between 62 and 107% (at 10, 50, and 100 ng g-1), while intra-day and inter-day precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD, was lower than 4% and 7%, respectively. In addition, limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged between 0.5 and 19 ng g-1. The compounds presented a low matrix effect, between - 13 and 4%, while the expanded uncertainty U% estimated at the three spiking levels 10, 50, and 100 ng g-1 was found below 49% in all cases. Finally, the validated method was applied to sea bream samples from an aquaculture farm located in the Mediterranean Sea, with one positive finding for the antibiotic trimethoprim at a concentration of 26 ng g-1, presenting negligible human health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos A Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sample preparation optimization by central composite design for multi class determination of 172 emerging contaminants in wastewaters and tap water using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462369. [PMID: 34246959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-residue analysis is highly desirable for water quality control. To this end, a comprehensive workflow for the quantitative analysis of 172 anthropogenic organic compounds belonging to emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, illicit drugs, organophosphate flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl substances) has been developed for application to wastewater and tap water, based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Due to the large number of analytes with various physicochemical characteristics that should be efficiently extracted, the response surface methodology (RSM) employing a central composite design (CCD) and desirability function (DF) approach was exploited to optimize the sample preparation process, instead of the conventional single-factor analysis. The factors included in the design of experiments (DoE) were sample pH, eluent solvents composition and volume. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) proved the adequacy of the proposed model (2- factor interaction) as p-value < 0.05 followed by different diagnostic tests confirmed the good fitting. The best values to acquire DF close to 1 were pH 3.5, methanol/ethyl acetate ratio 87:13 and eluent volume 6 mL. The streamlined method was validated in terms of accuracy, linearity, method limits, reproducibility, and matrix effect. The proposed workflow combines sensitivity and robustness, with recoveries over 70%, method quantification limits <1 ng/L, and relative standard deviations <20% for most of the compounds. Slight matrix effect (ME) was observed for most of PPCPs, IDs and PFAs, in contrast with most of the OPFRs, for which strong ME was calculated. Method applicability was tested over wastewater collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Thessaloniki (Greece), revealing the presence of 69 and 40 compounds in influents and effluents, respectively, at varying concentrations.
Collapse
|
17
|
Perkons I, Rusko J, Zacs D, Bartkevics V. Rapid determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater by direct infusion HRMS using target and suspect screening analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142688. [PMID: 33059144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide-scope screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their transformation products (TPs) in wastewater can yield valuable insights and pinpoint emerging contaminants that have not been previously reported. Such information is relevant to investigate their occurrence and fate in various environmental compartments. In this study, we explored the applicability of direct infusion high resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS) for comprehensive and rapid detection of APIs and their TPs in wastewater samples. The method was developed using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) system and incorporated both wide-scope suspect screening and semi-quantitative determination of selected analytes. The identification strategy was based on the following criteria: narrow accurate mass window (±1.25 ppm) for two most abundant full-MS signals, isotopic pattern fit and additional confirmation on the basis of MS2 spectra at three fragmentation levels. The tentative identification of suspects and target compounds relied on an in-house database containing more than 500 different APIs and TPs. The measured fragment spectra were matched against experimental MS2 patterns obtained from a publicly available spectral library (MassBank of North America) and in-silico generated fragmentation features (from the CFM-ID algorithm). In total, 79 suspects were identified and 24 target compounds were semi-quantified in 72 wastewater samples. The highest detection frequencies in treated wastewater effluents were observed for diclofenac, metoprolol and telmisartan, while hydroxydiclofenac, dextrorphan, and carbamazepine metabolites were the most frequently detected TPs. The obtained API profiles were in accordance with the national consumption statistics and the origin of wastewater samples. The developed method is suitable for rapid screening of APIs in wastewater and can be used as a complementary tool to characterize API emissions from wastewater treatment facilities and to identify problematic compounds that require more rigorous monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingus Perkons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
| | - Janis Rusko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dodds JN, Alexander NLM, Kirkwood KI, Foster MR, Hopkins ZR, Knappe DRU, Baker ES. From Pesticides to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: An Evaluation of Recent Targeted and Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Methods for Xenobiotics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:641-656. [PMID: 33136371 PMCID: PMC7855838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nancy Lee M Alexander
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Kaylie I Kirkwood
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - MaKayla R Foster
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zachary R Hopkins
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Van Hoi B, Vu CT, Phung-Thi LA, Thi Nguyen T, Nguyen PT, Mai H, Le PT, Nguyen TH, Thanh Duong D, Nguyen Thi H, Le-Van D, Chu DB. Determination of Pharmaceutical Residues by UPLC-MS/MS Method: Validation and Application on Surface Water and Hospital Wastewater. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6628285. [PMID: 33505763 PMCID: PMC7811430 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 7 major pharmaceutical residues in Vietnam, namely, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ketoprofen, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, in surface water and hospital wastewater has been developed. The method includes enrichment and clean-up steps by solid phase extraction using mix-mode cation exchange, followed by identification and quantification using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry and employing electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Seven target compounds were separated on the reversed phase column and detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode within 6 minutes. The present study also optimized the operating parameters of the mass spectrometer to achieve the highest analytical signals for all target compounds. All characteristic parameters of the analytical method were investigated, including linearity range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy. The important parameter in UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, matrix effect, was assessed and implemented via preextraction and postextraction spiking experiments. The overall recoveries of all target compounds were in the ranges from 55% to 109% and 56 % to 115% for surface water and hospital wastewater, respectively. Detection limits for surface water and hospital wastewater were 0.005-0.015 µg L-1 and 0.014-0.123 µg L-1, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed method was allowed for determination of target compounds at trace level in environmental water samples. The in-house validation of the developed method was performed by spiking experiment in both the surface water and hospital wastewater matrix. The method was then applied to analyze several surface water and hospital wastewater samples taken from West Lake and some hospitals in Vietnam, where the level of these pharmaceutical product residues was still missed. Sulfamethoxazole was present at a high detection frequency in both surface water (33% of analyzed samples) and hospital wastewater (81% of analyzed samples) samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bui Van Hoi
- Department of Water–Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cam-Tu Vu
- Department of Water–Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan-Anh Phung-Thi
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Nguyen
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thanh Nguyen
- FPT University, Hoa Lac High Tech Park, Km 29 Thang Long Boulevard, Thach That, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Mai
- Department of Water–Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong-Thu Le
- Department of Water–Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Hien Nguyen
- Department of Water–Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dao Thanh Duong
- Department of Water–Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hue Nguyen Thi
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Le-Van
- Department of Chemistry, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Binh Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Townsend R, van Keulen G, Desbrow C, Godfrey AR. An investigation of the utility of QuEChERS for extracting acid, base, neutral and amphiphilic species from example environmental and clinical matrices. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 1:152-160. [PMID: 38716127 PMCID: PMC10989089 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of the composition of complex samples is key for the safety and efficacy of a range of products used in daily life, with sample preparation a critical step in this workflow. QuEChERS is one such method, however published protocols do not explicitly address acidic, basic, neutral, and amphiphilic species in a single protocol and often use extra steps or an alternative preparation to recover the breadth of chemical types. Our work addresses this need by investigating the use of QuEChERS for monitoring this wide range of chemistries within environmental solids and blood plasma, using a protocol that can accommodate both milliliter and microliter sample volumes. While published methods can require significant resource and time, our approach offers a reduction in preparation time (for environmental samples), with the "micro-QuEChERS" protocol offering a further reduction in cost. The analytical performance of these methods were assessed using reversed-phase LC-MS and showed good accuracy, precision, and sensitivity for the expected concentrations in the tested applications. Target analytes of variable lipophilicity/acidity were extracted and isolated from soil, with largely repeatable matrix effects < 15%RSD and recoveries of 39-100%. An initial "proof-of-concept" investigation using the "micro-QuEChERS" protocol showed reduced matrix enhancement (median value of 90%ME) for soil, and improved matrix effects and recovery (>65%) for blood plasma. This novel sample preparation method can therefore offer an improved approach with wider applicability providing "cleaner" extracts than other methods used for high-throughput clinical analysis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Assis RC, Mageste AB, de Lemos LR, Orlando RM, Rodrigues GD. Application of aqueous two-phase system for selective extraction and clean-up of emerging contaminants from aqueous matrices. Talanta 2020; 223:121697. [PMID: 33303149 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review approaches how aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS), in their various compositions (e.g., polymer + salt, copolymer + salt, ionic liquid + salt, acetonitrile + salt), can be efficiently used for extraction, preconcentration, and clean-up of analytes in aqueous samples to determine the compounds classified as emerging contaminants (ECs). In the literature, there are some studies using ATPS applied to ECs, like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products, alkaloids, and hormones, even when in trace concentrations. The ATPS is an alternative to the conventional liquid-liquid extraction technique. However, it is predominantly composed of water and do not generally use organic solvents and, therefore, is based on the principles of green chemistry. An ATPS approach has a unique advantage because it can extract neutral, anionic, cationic, polar, and nonpolar compounds, even when present simultaneously in the same sample. This review covers how this simple and low environmental impact technique has been employed for the analysis of different classes of emerging contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta C Assis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, DQ/ICEX, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Aparecida B Mageste
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, DQUI/ICEB, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.450-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro R de Lemos
- Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DEQUI, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Orlando
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, DQ/ICEX, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, DQ/ICEX, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Current trends in QuEChERS method. A versatile procedure for food, environmental and biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragments versus information dependent acquisition for suspected-screening of pharmaceuticals in sediments and mussels by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
24
|
Gadelha JR, Rocha AC, Camacho C, Eljarrat E, Peris A, Aminot Y, Readman JW, Boti V, Nannou C, Kapsi M, Albanis T, Rocha F, Machado A, Bordalo A, Valente LMP, Nunes ML, Marques A, Almeida CMR. Persistent and emerging pollutants assessment on aquaculture oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from NW Portuguese coast (Ria De Aveiro). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:731-742. [PMID: 30812007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to determine a range of relevant persistent and emerging pollutants in oysters produced in an aquaculture facility located in an important production area, to assure their safety for human consumption. Pollutants, including 16 PAHs, 3 butyltins (BTs), 29 flame retardants (FRs, including organophosphate and halogenated FRs), 35 pesticides (including 9 pyrethroid insecticides) and 13 personal care products (PCPs, including musks and UV filters), were determined in oysters' tissues collected during one year in four seasonal sampling surveys. The seasonal environmental pollution on the production site was evaluated by water and sediment analysis. Furthermore, oysters' nutritional quality was also assessed and related with the consumption of healthy seafood, showing that oysters are a rich source of protein with low fat content and with a high quality index all year around. Results showed that most analysed pollutants were not detected either in oyster tissues or in environmental matrixes (water and sediments). The few pollutants detected in oyster tissues, including both regulated and non-legislated pollutants, such as a few PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and indenopyrene), FRs (TPPO, TDCPP, DCP, BDE-47, BDE-209 and Dec 602) and PCPs (galaxolide, galaxolidone, homosalate and octocrylene), were present at low levels (in the ng/g dw range) and did not represent a significant health risk to humans. The observed seasonal variations related to human activities (e.g. tourism in summer) highlights the need for environmental protection and sustainable resource exploration for safe seafood production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Gadelha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; MARE-UC, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laboratório MAREFOZ), Rua das Acácias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Division of Aquaculture, Seafood Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Peris
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Aminot
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - James W Readman
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, Ioannina GR 45110, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, Ioannina GR 45110, Greece
| | - Margarita Kapsi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, Ioannina GR 45110, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, Ioannina GR 45110, Greece
| | - Filipa Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adriano Bordalo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa M P Valente
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Division of Aquaculture, Seafood Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Division of Aquaculture, Seafood Upgrading and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|