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Wang Y, Yan QJ, Hu E, Wu Y, Ding RQ, Chen Q, Cheng MH, Yang XY, Tang T, Li T. Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Improves Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Rats via Regulating Adenosine. Chin J Integr Med 2025:10.1007/s11655-025-4200-7. [PMID: 39776039 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-025-4200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) based on in vivo and metabolomics experiments. METHODS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was induced via a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 for each): sham, CCI and XFZYD groups (9 g/kg). The administration was performed by intragastric administration for 3 days. Neurological functions tests, histology staining, coagulation and haemorheology assays, and Western blot were examined. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify metabolites. The key metabolite was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. RESULTS XFZYD significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction in CCI model rats (P<0.01) but had no impact on coagulation function. As evidenced by Evans blue and IgG staining, XFZYD effectively prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, XFZYD not only increased the expression of collagen IV, occludin and zona occludens 1 but also decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which protected BBB integrity (all P<0.05). Nine potential metabolites were identified, and all of them were reversed by XFZYD. Adenosine was the most significantly altered metabolite related to BBB repair. XFZYD significantly reduced the level of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) and increased adenosine (P<0.01), which may improve BBB integrity. CONCLUSIONS XFZYD ameliorates BBB disruption after TBI by decreasing the levels of MMP-9 and COX-2. Through further exploration via metabolomics, we found that XFZYD may exert a protective effect on BBB by regulating adenosine metabolism via ENT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Yan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - En Hu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ruo-Qi Ding
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Meng-Han Cheng
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xi-Ya Yang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Mu F, Lin R, Lu X, Zhao M, Zhao J, Huang S, Guo C, Guan Y, Zhang H, Xi M, Wang J, Tang H. Protective effect and mechanism of styrax on ischemic stroke rats: metabonomic insights by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1318-1331. [PMID: 37621078 PMCID: PMC10461497 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2246501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Styrax is used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate styrax's anti-ischemic stroke protective effects and underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ischemic-stroke rat model was established based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10) and administered intragastrically once a day for 7 consecutive days: sham, model, nimodipine (24 mg/kg), styrax-L (0.1 g/kg), styrax-M (0.2 g/kg) and styrax-H (0.4 g/kg). Neurological function, biochemical assessment, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based serum metabonomics were used to elucidate styrax's cerebral protective effects and mechanisms. Pearson correlation and western blot analyses were performed to verify. RESULTS The addition of 0.4 g/kg styrax significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and neurobehavioral abnormality score. Different doses of styrax also decrease MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increase SOD and GSH-Px in ischemic-stroke rats (p < 0.05; MDA, p < 0.05 only at 0.4 g/kg dose). Biochemical indicators and metabolic-profile analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA) also supported styrax's protective effects. Endogenous metabolites (22) were identified in ischemic-stroke rats, and these perturbations were reversible via styrax intervention, which is predominantly involved in energy metabolism, glutathione and glutamine metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Additionally, styrax significantly upregulated phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and glutaminase brain-tissue expression. CONCLUSION Styrax treatment could ameliorate ischemic-stroke rats by intervening with energy metabolism and glutamine metabolism. This can help us understand the mechanism of styrax, inspiring more clinical application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Dias A, Silva L, Moura J, Gabriel D, Maia LF. Fluid biomarkers in stroke: From animal models to clinical care. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:332-347. [PMID: 35838031 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke prevention, early diagnosis, and efficient acute treatment are priorities to successfully impact stroke death and disability. Fluid biomarkers may improve stroke differential diagnostic, patient stratification for acute treatment, and post-stroke individualized rehabilitation. In the present work, we characterized the use of stroke animal models in fluid biomarker research through a systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases, followed by a literature review on the translation to the human stroke care setting and future perspectives in the field. We found increasing numbers of publications but with limited translation to the clinic. Animal studies are very heterogeneous, do not account for several human features present in stroke, and, importantly, only a minority of such studies used human cohorts to validate biomarker findings. Clinical studies have found appealing candidates, both protein and circulating nucleic acids, to contribute to a more personalized stroke care pathway. Still, brain tissue complexity and the fact that different brain pathologies share lesion biomarkers make this task challenging due to biomarker low specificity. Moreover, the study design and lack of validation cohorts may have precluded a formal integration of biomarkers in different steps of stroke diagnosis and treatment. To overcome such issues, recent pivotal studies on biomarker dynamics in individual patients are providing added value to diagnosis and anticipating patients' early prognosis. Presently, the most consistent protein biomarkers for stroke diagnosis and short- and long-term prognosis are associated with tissue damage at neuronal (TAU), axonal (NFL), or astroglial (GFAP and S100β) levels. Most promising nucleic acids are microRNAs (miR), due to their stability in plasma and ease of access. Still, clinical validation and standardized quantitation place them a step behind compared protein as stroke biomarkers. Ultimately, the definition of clinically relevant biomarker panels and optimization of fast and sensitive biomarker measurements in the blood, together with their combination with clinical and neuroimaging data, will pave the way toward personalized stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dias
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lénia Silva
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Moura
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Denis Gabriel
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis F Maia
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Huang P, Wan H, Shao C, Li C, Zhang L, He Y. Recent Advances in Chinese Herbal Medicine for Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:688596. [PMID: 35111041 PMCID: PMC8801784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a critical factor that leads to a poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. It is an extremely complicated pathological process that is clinically characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Current available treatments for CI/RI, including mechanical and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CI/RI. Many studies confirm that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used as a potential drug for treatment of CI/RI with the advantages of abundant resources, good efficacy, and few side effects. In this paper, we investigate the latest drug discoveries and advancements on CI/RI, make an overview of relevant CHM, and systematically summarize the pathophysiology of CI/RI. In addition, the protective effect and mechanism of related CHM, which includes extraction of single CHM and CHM formulation and preparation, are discussed. Moreover, an outline of the limitations of CHM and the challenges we faced are also presented. This review will be helpful for researchers further propelling the advancement of drugs and supplying more knowledge to support the application of previous discoveries in clinical drug applications against CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Fan D, Liu C, Guo Z, Huang K, Peng M, Li N, Luo H, Wang T, Cen Z, Cai W, Gu L, Chen S, Li Z. Resveratrol Promotes Angiogenesis in a FoxO1-Dependent Manner in Hind Limb Ischemia in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247528. [PMID: 34946610 PMCID: PMC8707225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe form of peripheral artery diseases (PAD) and seriously endangers the health of people. Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an important treatment strategy for CLI; various methods have been applied to enhance collateral circulation. However, the current development drug therapy to promote angiogenesis is limited. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol compound extracted from plants, has various properties such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Whether RSV exerts protective effects on CLI remains elusive. In the current study, we demonstrated that oral intake of RSV significantly improved hind limb ischemia in mice, and increased the expression of phosphorylated Forkhead box class-O1 (FoxO1). RSV treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could increase the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and its cytoplasmic re-localization to promote angiogenesis. Then we manipulated FoxO1 in HUVECs to further verify that the effect of RSV on angiogenesis is in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we performed metabolomics to screen the metabolic pathways altered upon RSV intervention. We found that the pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, were highly correlated with the beneficial effects of RSV on the ischemic muscle. This study provides a novel direction for the medical therapy to CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Fan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.F.); (C.L.); (K.H.); (N.L.)
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.F.); (C.L.); (K.H.); (N.L.)
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Zeling Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Kan Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.F.); (C.L.); (K.H.); (N.L.)
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Meixiu Peng
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Na Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.F.); (C.L.); (K.H.); (N.L.)
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Hengli Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (H.L.); (T.W.); (Z.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tengyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (H.L.); (T.W.); (Z.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhipeng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (H.L.); (T.W.); (Z.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
| | - Lei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (H.L.); (T.W.); (Z.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.F.); (C.L.); (K.H.); (N.L.)
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Z.L.)
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Jia J, Zhang H, Liang X, Dai Y, Liu L, Tan K, Ma R, Luo J, Ding Y, Ke C. Application of Metabolomics to the Discovery of Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke in the Murine Model: a Comparison with the Clinical Results. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6415-6426. [PMID: 34532786 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of IS remains unknown, and methods for early prediction and diagnosis of IS are lacking. Metabolomics can be applied to biomarker discovery and mechanism exploration of IS by exploring metabolic alterations. In this review, 62 IS metabolomics studies in the murine model published from January 2006 to December 2020 in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically reviewed. Twenty metabolites (e.g., lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, lactate, serine, N-acetyl-aspartic acid, and glutathione) were reported consistently in more than two-third murine studies. The disturbance of metabolic pathways, such as arginine biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and citrate cycle, may be implicated in the development of IS by influencing the biological processes such as energy failure, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and glutamate toxicity. The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model exhibit both common and distinct metabolic patterns. Furthermore, five metabolites (proline, serine, LysoPC (16:0), uric acid, glutamate) in the blood sample and 7 metabolic pathways (e.g., alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism) are shared in animal and clinical studies. The potential biomarkers and related pathways of IS in the murine model may facilitate the biomarker discovery for early diagnosis of IS and the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangyao Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Liang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Dai
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihe Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Tan
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruohan Ma
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Luo
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Cao X, Xiao L, Zhou R. Aloperine protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1045. [PMID: 34434259 PMCID: PMC8353632 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is among the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aloperine (ALO) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Therefore, a rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established to induce cerebral I/R injury. Following pretreatment with different doses of ALO, the histopathological changes in the brain tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The degree of cerebral infarction was determined using by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Additionally, the levels of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related factors were measured using commercially available kits. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining, while the expression levels of apoptosis- and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins were determined by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that ALO alleviated histopathological injury in the brain tissue and the area of cerebral infarction in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, significantly reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed in the ALO-treated rats post-MCAO/reperfusion, accompanied by increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Consistently, treatment with ALO notably decreased the concentration of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ALO attenuated neuronal cell apoptosis, downregulated the expression of Bax and upregulated that of Bcl-2. I/R markedly reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated (p-)PI3K and p-AKT, which were dose-dependently restored by ALO intervention. Collectively, the aforementioned findings indicated that ALO could improve cerebral I/R injury and alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus supporting the therapeutic potential of ALO against cerebral I/R injury in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Ligen Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Ruijiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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